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GraphQL Directives

A directive-based approach to GraphQL schema implementations. Provides a 'Directable' schema plugin that loads a GraphQL schema definition file and implements it using directive plugins.

Usage

Create a GraphQL schema definition file, and annotate it with directives.

type Query {
  hello: String @value(string: "Hello world!")
}

Configure a GraphQL server with the "Directable" schema plugin, and set the schema definition path to the created schema file.

Directive definitions will be automatically prepended to the schema. To support IDE's with autocompletion and syntax checking, there is a drush command to generate a schema file with all directives and information where they are implemented.

drush graphql:directives >> directives.graphqls

Chaining

Directives can be chained to combine reusable data producers. They are composed from left to right, meaning the output of the left directive is passed as parent value to its right neighbour.

type Query {
  # This will emit "three".
  list: String! @value(json: "[\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]") @seek(pos: 2)
}

Mapping

The @map directive allows to map over the output of its left neighbour and apply all directives on the right side to each item.

type Query {
  # This will emit ["a", "b"].
  map: [String!]!
    @value(json: "[{\"x\": \"a\"},{\"x\": \"b\"}]")
    @map
    @prop(key: "x")
}

Default values

Since Drupal's data structures can't guarantee integrity, the graphql schema will enforce default values as much as possible. Whenever a type is used in a non-nullable position (no ! at the end ), it attempts to apply a default value if the value is null. The default value is determined by the type, e.g. 0 for Int, false for Boolean, "" for String and [] for list types like [String!]!.

For custom types, interface, unions or scalars, the @default directive can be used to start a directive chain that generates a default value.

scalar MyScalar @default @value(string: "bar")

type Query {
  # This will emit `''`.
  string: String! @value
  # This will emit `0`.
  int: Int! @value
  # This will emit `[]`.
  list: [String!]! @value
  # This will emit `bar`
  manual: MyScalar! @value
}

Type resolution

Directives can also be used to resolve the runtime types of unions and interfaces. To do that, apply any directives that can be used to resolve field values to the interface or union. The chain of directives should resolve to a string value which will be treated as a type id.

union Letters @prop(key: "type") = A | B

This resolved type id will then be matched against object types annotated with the @type directive to retrieve the actual type.

type A @type(id: "a") {
  type: String!
}

type B @type(id: "b") {
  type: String!
}

Argument handling

Directives can use the ArgumentTrait to apply dynamic arguments. If the directive argument equals $, the current value will be passed as the argument value. If its $, followed by any characters, these characters will be used as a key to retrieve the value from the current query arguments.

Arguments that implement this behaviour are marked to be (dynamic).

type Query {
  static: Post @loadEntity(type: "node", id: "1")
  parent: Post @value(int: 1) @loadEntity(type: "node", id: "$")
  argument(id: String!): Post @loadEntity(type: "node", id: "$id")
}

Directives

@value

The @value directive allows you to define a static value for a field as primitive or a JSON encoded string. Without any arguments, it will emit null.

type Query {
  null: String @value
  hello: String! @value(string: "Hello world!")
  theAnswer: Int! @value(int: 42)
  pi: Float! @value(float: 3.14)
  true: Boolean! @value(float: true)
  object: MyType! @value(json: "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}")
}

@seek

Extracts a value from a list or iterable. The pos argument marks the target position.

type Query {
  # This will emit "three".
  list: String! @value(json: "[\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]") @seek(pos: 2)
}

@prop

Extracts a property from an object or map. The key argument marks the target key.

type Query {
  # This will emit "bar".
  prop: String! @value(json: "{\"foo\": \"bar\"}") @prop(key: "foo")
}

@map

Iterate over the current result list and apply the following directives to each item.

type Query {
  # This will emit ["a", "b"].
  map: [String!]!
    @value(json: "[{\"x\": \"a\"},{\"x\": \"b\"}]")
    @map
    @prop(key: "x")
}

@type

Annotate an object type with a specific id that will be used for interface- and union type resolution.

union Letters @prop(key: "type") = A | B

type A @type(id: "a") {
  type: String!
}

type B @type(id: "b") {
  type: String!
}

@arg

Retrieve an arguments value and inject it as the current value that will be passed as parent to subsequent directives.

type Query {
  post(path: String!): Page @arg(name: "path") @route(path: "$") @loadEntity
}

@route

Resolve a path (dynamic) to a Drupal Url object.

type Query {
  post(path: String!): Page @route(path: "$path") @loadEntity
}

@loadEntity

Load Drupal entities in various ways. If there are no arguments, it assumes that the parent value contains a Url object generated by @route, and it attempts to load the entity from there.

If used with id or uuid, an optional operation argument allows to define a specific operation for access checks.

type Query {
  post(path: String!): Page @route(path: "$path") @loadEntity
}

Otherwise, it requires to define a static type argument and either an id (dynamic) or uuid (dynamic) argument.

type Query {
  id(id: String!): Post @loadEntity(type: "node", id: "$id")
  uuid(uuid: String!): Post @loadEntity(type: "node", uuid: "$uuid")
}

@resolveEntity[...]

Retrieve various simple properties of an entity. The following directives are supported:

  • @resolveEntityId
  • @resolveEntityUuid
  • @resolveEntityType
  • @resolveEntityBundle
  • @resolveEntityLabel
  • @resolveEntityPath
  • @resolveEntityLanguage
type Query {
  post(id: String!): Post @loadEntity(type: "node", id: "$id")
}

type Post {
  title: String! @resolveEntityLabel
}

@resolveEntityTranslation

Retrieve as specific translation of an entity, defined by the lang (dynamic) argument.

type Query {
  post(id: String!, lang: String!): Post
    @loadEntity(type: "node", id: "$id")
    @resolveEntityTranslation(lang: "$lang")
}

@resolveEntityTranslations

Retrieve all translations of an entity.

type Query {
  post(id: String!): Post @loadEntity(type: "node", id: "$id")
}

type Post {
  translations: [Post!]! @resolveEntityTranslations
}

@resolveProperty

Retrieve a property of an entity by its path argument.

type Post {
  body: String @resolveProperty(path: "body.value")
}

@lang

Switch the current execution language for the remaining subtree below the current field. Accepts either a code argument (dynamic) or, if omitted, uses the parent value. If the latter is a string, it will be used as-is, if its an instance of TranslatableInteface, the language is derived from there.

type Query {
  post(id: String!): Post @loadEntity(type: "node", id: "$id") @lang
}

@resolveMenuItems

Retrieve all items of a menu entity. Accepts an optional max_level argument that caps the maximum number of menu levels. The tree is flattened to a list, to avoid the necessity of nested fragments. The @resolveMenuItemId and @resolveMenuItemParentId directives should be used to reconstruct the tree in the consumer. The list of menu items is also filtered by language, respecting the current execution context language, as it can be controlled by @lang.

type Query {
  menu: Limited! @loadEntity(type: "menu", id: "main", operation: "view label")
}

type Menu {
  items: [MenuItem!]! @lang(code: "fr") @resolveMenuItems(max_level: 2)
}

@resolveMenuItem[...]

Various menu item properties.

  • @resolveMenuItemId
  • @resolveMenuItemParentId
  • @resolveMenuItemLabel
  • @resolveMenuItemUrl

@resolveEntityReference & @resolveEntityReferenceRevisions

Resolve referenced entities attached to a given field. Will attempt to retrieve translations matching the current host entity.

type Query {
  post(id: String!): Post @loadEntity(type: "node", id: "$id") @lang
}

type Post {
  title: String! @resolveEntityLabel
  related: [Post!]! @resolveEntityReference(field: "field_related")
}

@drupalView

Executes a Drupal view.

type Query {
  contentHub(locale: String!, args: String): ContentHubView!
    @lang(code: "$locale")
    @drupalView(id: "content_hub:default", args: "$args")
}

type ContentHubView {
  total: Int!
  rows: [Post!]!
  filters: ContentHubViewFilters!
}

type ContentHubViewFilters {
  tag: [ViewFilter!]!
  category: [ViewFilter!]!
}

type ViewFilter {
  value: String!
  label: String!
}

id argument

View ID and display separated by colon. Example: content_hub:default.

args argument

Filters, page number, etc. in query string format. Example: page=1&pageSize=9&contextualFilters=40/12&tag[]=1&type=foo

Reserved keys:

  • page: The page number. Starts from 1. Defaults to 1.
  • pageSize: The number of items per page. Defaults to 10.
  • contextualFilters: Contextual filter values, for example, 40/12/10.

The rest of keys are taken as filters.

Array values are allowed in the format of NPM query-string package with arrayFormat set to bracket, e.g. tag[]=1&tag[]=2.

Returning result

The structure of the result is the following:

type Result = {
  total: number;
  items: [DrupalEntity];
  filters: {
    [filterKey: string]: Array<{
      value: string;
      label: string;
    }>;
  };
};

Translations

Use the @lang directive to set the language for the view. If the resulting entities have the chosen language, they will be returned in that language.

If the results have to be filtered by the language, use Content: Translation language (= Interface text language selected for page) filter in the view.

Extending

To add custom directives, create a module and add new Plugins in the src/Plugin/GraphQL/Directive directory. The plugins "id" will be the handle to invoke it in the schema, without the @ prefix.

<?php
namespace Drupal\my_directives\Plugin\GraphQL\Directive;

use Drupal\graphql_directives\DirectiveInterface;

/**
* @Directive(
*   id="echo",
*   description="Return the same string that you put in.",
*   arguments = {
*     "input" = "String!",
*   }
* )
 */
class EchoDirective extends PluginBase implements DirectiveInterface {
  /**
   * {@inheritdoc}
   */
  public function buildResolver(
    ResolverBuilder $builder,
    array $arguments
  ) : ResolverInterface {
    return $builder->fromValue($arguments['input']);
  }
}

Autoloading

The @amazeelabs/codegen-autoloader provides a convenient option to add new directives using the drupal mode. The resulting JSON file is compatible to this modules Autoload registry configuration option.

Schema Extensions

The module provides a DirectableSchemaExtensionPluginBase class that can be used to create schema extensions that react to directives in the parent schema definition. A schema extension plugin for the Drupal GraphQL module provides two schema definitions: one for the "base" schema and one for the actual extensions. In case of directable schema extension, the base schema definition should contain the directives while the extension schema defines the derived types and fields.

For a very simple example, please refer to the graphql_directives_test module.