diff --git a/newsfragments/4567.bugfix.rst b/newsfragments/4567.bugfix.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3fcaef6a7e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/newsfragments/4567.bugfix.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Ensured all methods in ``setuptools.modified`` raise a consistant ``distutils.error.DistutilsError`` type -- by :user:`Avasam`
diff --git a/setuptools/command/build_clib.py b/setuptools/command/build_clib.py
index d532762ebe1..eab08e70f2e 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/build_clib.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/build_clib.py
@@ -1,17 +1,10 @@
 from ..dist import Distribution
+from ..modified import newer_pairwise_group
 
 import distutils.command.build_clib as orig
 from distutils import log
 from distutils.errors import DistutilsSetupError
 
-try:
-    from distutils._modified import (  # pyright: ignore[reportMissingImports]
-        newer_pairwise_group,
-    )
-except ImportError:
-    # fallback for SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=stdlib
-    from .._distutils._modified import newer_pairwise_group
-
 
 class build_clib(orig.build_clib):
     """
diff --git a/setuptools/modified.py b/setuptools/modified.py
index 245a61580b8..cc8c89c10a1 100644
--- a/setuptools/modified.py
+++ b/setuptools/modified.py
@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
-from ._distutils._modified import (
-    newer,
-    newer_group,
-    newer_pairwise,
-    newer_pairwise_group,
-)
+try:
+    # Ensure a DistutilsError raised by these methods is the same as distutils.error.DistutilsError
+    from distutils._modified import (
+        newer,
+        newer_group,
+        newer_pairwise,
+        newer_pairwise_group,
+    )
+except ImportError:
+    # fallback for SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=stdlib, because _modified never existed in stdlib
+    from ._distutils._modified import (
+        newer,
+        newer_group,
+        newer_pairwise,
+        newer_pairwise_group,
+    )
 
 __all__ = ['newer', 'newer_pairwise', 'newer_group', 'newer_pairwise_group']
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_distutils_adoption.py b/setuptools/tests/test_distutils_adoption.py
index 0b020ba9fcc..febeb16f43b 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_distutils_adoption.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_distutils_adoption.py
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ def test_distutils_has_origin():
 """
 
 
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("tmpdir_cwd")
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "distutils_version, imported_module",
     [
@@ -125,9 +126,7 @@ def test_distutils_has_origin():
         ("local", "archive_util"),
     ],
 )
-def test_modules_are_not_duplicated_on_import(
-    distutils_version, imported_module, tmpdir_cwd, venv
-):
+def test_modules_are_not_duplicated_on_import(distutils_version, imported_module, venv):
     env = dict(SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=distutils_version)
     script = ENSURE_IMPORTS_ARE_NOT_DUPLICATED.format(imported_module=imported_module)
     cmd = ['python', '-c', script]
@@ -145,6 +144,7 @@ def test_modules_are_not_duplicated_on_import(
 """
 
 
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("tmpdir_cwd")
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "distutils_version",
     [
@@ -152,8 +152,38 @@ def test_modules_are_not_duplicated_on_import(
         pytest.param("stdlib", marks=skip_without_stdlib_distutils),
     ],
 )
-def test_log_module_is_not_duplicated_on_import(distutils_version, tmpdir_cwd, venv):
+def test_log_module_is_not_duplicated_on_import(distutils_version, venv):
     env = dict(SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=distutils_version)
     cmd = ['python', '-c', ENSURE_LOG_IMPORT_IS_NOT_DUPLICATED]
     output = venv.run(cmd, env=win_sr(env), **_TEXT_KWARGS).strip()
     assert output == "success"
+
+
+ENSURE_CONSISTENT_ERROR_FROM_MODIFIED_PY = r"""
+from setuptools.modified import newer
+from distutils.error import DistutilsError
+
+# Can't use pytest.raises in this context
+try:
+    newer("", "")
+except DistutilsError:
+    pass
+else:
+    raise AssertionError("Expected to raise")
+
+"""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("tmpdir_cwd")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "distutils_version",
+    [
+        "local",
+        pytest.param("stdlib", marks=skip_without_stdlib_distutils),
+    ],
+)
+def test_consistent_error_from_modified_py(distutils_version, venv):
+    env = dict(SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=distutils_version)
+    cmd = ['python', '-c', ENSURE_CONSISTENT_ERROR_FROM_MODIFIED_PY]
+    output = venv.run(cmd, env=win_sr(env), **_TEXT_KWARGS).strip()
+    assert output == "success"