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openid.js
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openid.js
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/* OpenID for node.js
*
* http://ox.no/software/node-openid
* http://github.com/havard/node-openid
*
* Copyright (C) 2010 by Håvard Stranden
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
*
* -*- Mode: JS; tab-width: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 2 -*-
* vim: set sw=2 ts=2 et tw=80 :
*/
var Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer,
crypto = require('crypto'),
http = require('./http'),
querystring = require('querystring'),
url = require('url'),
xrds = require('./lib/xrds');
var _associations = {};
var _discoveries = {};
var _nonces = {};
var AX_MAX_VALUES_COUNT = 1000;
var openid = exports;
var _get = http.get;
var _post = http.post;
function hasOwnProperty(obj, prop) {
return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop);
}
openid.RelyingParty = function(returnUrl, realm, stateless, strict, extensions)
{
this.returnUrl = returnUrl;
this.realm = realm || null;
this.stateless = stateless;
this.strict = strict;
this.extensions = extensions;
}
openid.RelyingParty.prototype.authenticate = function(identifier, immediate, callback)
{
openid.authenticate(identifier, this.returnUrl, this.realm,
immediate, this.stateless, callback, this.extensions, this.strict);
}
openid.RelyingParty.prototype.verifyAssertion = function(requestOrUrl, callback)
{
openid.verifyAssertion(requestOrUrl, this.returnUrl, callback, this.stateless, this.extensions, this.strict);
}
var _btwoc = function(i)
{
if(i.charCodeAt(0) > 127)
{
return String.fromCharCode(0) + i;
}
return i;
}
var _unbtwoc = function(i)
{
if(i[0] === String.fromCharCode(0))
{
return i.substr(1);
}
return i;
}
var _isDef = function(e)
{
var undefined;
return e !== undefined;
}
// Find the most up-to-date and usable way to create buffers
var _buffer = null;
if (typeof(Buffer.from) === 'function') {
// Some older Node versions throw an exception when
// buffers with binary encoding are created using the
// from function, so if that happens we have to resort
// to constructor based creation.
try {
Buffer.from('openid', 'binary');
_buffer = Buffer.from;
}
catch(_) {
}
}
if (_buffer === null) {
// Either the Node version is too old to have a Buffer.from,
// or the Buffer.from call failed with binary encoding.
// Either way, use the (deprecated from node v6) constructor.
_buffer = function(str, enc) { return new Buffer(str, enc); };
}
var _base64encode = function(str) {
return _buffer(str, 'binary').toString('base64');
};
var _base64decode = function(str) {
return _buffer(str, 'base64').toString('binary');
};
var _bigIntToBase64 = function(binary)
{
return _base64encode(_btwoc(binary));
}
var _bigIntFromBase64 = function(str)
{
return _unbtwoc(_base64decode(str));
}
var _xor = function(a, b)
{
if(a.length != b.length)
{
throw new Error('Length must match for xor');
}
var r = '';
for(var i = 0; i < a.length; ++i)
{
r += String.fromCharCode(a.charCodeAt(i) ^ b.charCodeAt(i));
}
return r;
}
openid.saveAssociation = function(provider, type, handle, secret, expiry_time_in_seconds, callback)
{
setTimeout(function() {
openid.removeAssociation(handle);
}, expiry_time_in_seconds * 1000);
_associations[handle] = {provider: provider, type : type, secret: secret};
callback(null); // Custom implementations may report error as first argument
}
openid.loadAssociation = function(handle, callback)
{
if(_isDef(_associations[handle]))
{
callback(null, _associations[handle]);
}
else
{
callback(null, null);
}
}
openid.removeAssociation = function(handle)
{
delete _associations[handle];
return true;
}
openid.saveDiscoveredInformation = function(key, provider, callback)
{
_discoveries[key] = provider;
return callback(null);
}
openid.loadDiscoveredInformation = function(key, callback)
{
if(!_isDef(_discoveries[key]))
{
return callback(null, null);
}
return callback(null, _discoveries[key]);
}
var _buildUrl = function(theUrl, params)
{
theUrl = url.parse(theUrl, true);
delete theUrl['search'];
if(params)
{
if(!theUrl.query)
{
theUrl.query = params;
}
else
{
for(var key in params)
{
if(hasOwnProperty(params, key))
{
theUrl.query[key] = params[key];
}
}
}
}
return url.format(theUrl);
}
var _decodePostData = function(data)
{
var lines = data.split('\n');
var result = {};
for (var i = 0; i < lines.length ; i++) {
var line = lines[i];
if (line.length > 0 && line[line.length - 1] == '\r') {
line = line.substring(0, line.length - 1);
}
var colon = line.indexOf(':');
if (colon === -1)
{
continue;
}
var key = line.substr(0, line.indexOf(':'));
var value = line.substr(line.indexOf(':') + 1);
result[key] = value;
}
return result;
}
var _normalizeIdentifier = function(identifier)
{
identifier = identifier.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');
if(!identifier)
return null;
if(identifier.indexOf('xri://') === 0)
{
identifier = identifier.substring(6);
}
if(/^[(=@\+\$!]/.test(identifier))
{
return identifier;
}
if(identifier.indexOf('http') === 0)
{
return identifier;
}
return 'http://' + identifier;
}
var _parseXrds = function(xrdsUrl, xrdsData)
{
var services = xrds.parse(xrdsData);
if(services == null)
{
return null;
}
var providers = [];
for(var i = 0, len = services.length; i < len; ++i)
{
var service = services[i];
var provider = {};
provider.endpoint = service.uri;
if(/https?:\/\/xri./.test(xrdsUrl))
{
provider.claimedIdentifier = service.id;
}
if(service.type == 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/signon')
{
provider.version = 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0';
provider.localIdentifier = service.id;
}
else if(service.type == 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/server')
{
provider.version = 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0';
}
else if(service.type == 'http://openid.net/signon/1.0' ||
service.type == 'http://openid.net/signon/1.1')
{
provider.version = service.type;
provider.localIdentifier = service.delegate;
}
else
{
continue;
}
providers.push(provider);
}
return providers;
}
var _matchMetaTag = function(html)
{
var metaTagMatches = /<meta\s+.*?http-equiv="x-xrds-location"\s+(.*?)>/ig.exec(html);
if(!metaTagMatches || metaTagMatches.length < 2)
{
return null;
}
var contentMatches = /content="(.*?)"/ig.exec(metaTagMatches[1]);
if(!contentMatches || contentMatches.length < 2)
{
return null;
}
return contentMatches[1];
}
var _matchLinkTag = function(html, rel)
{
var providerLinkMatches = new RegExp('<link\\s+.*?rel=["\'][^"\']*?' + rel + '[^"\']*?["\'].*?>', 'ig').exec(html);
if(!providerLinkMatches || providerLinkMatches.length < 1)
{
return null;
}
var href = /href=["'](.*?)["']/ig.exec(providerLinkMatches[0]);
if(!href || href.length < 2)
{
return null;
}
return href[1];
}
var _parseHtml = function(htmlUrl, html, callback, hops)
{
var metaUrl = _matchMetaTag(html);
if(metaUrl != null)
{
return _resolveXri(metaUrl, callback, hops + 1);
}
var provider = _matchLinkTag(html, 'openid2.provider');
if(provider == null)
{
provider = _matchLinkTag(html, 'openid.server');
if(provider == null)
{
callback(null);
}
else
{
var localId = _matchLinkTag(html, 'openid.delegate');
callback([{
version: 'http://openid.net/signon/1.1',
endpoint: provider,
claimedIdentifier: htmlUrl,
localIdentifier : localId
}]);
}
}
else
{
var localId = _matchLinkTag(html, 'openid2.local_id');
callback([{
version: 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/signon',
endpoint: provider,
claimedIdentifier: htmlUrl,
localIdentifier : localId
}]);
}
}
var _parseHostMeta = function(hostMeta, callback)
{
var match = /^Link: <([^\n\r]+?)>;/.exec(hostMeta);
if (match != null && match.length > 0)
{
var xriUrl = match[1];
_resolveXri(xriUrl, callback);
}
else
{
callback(null);
}
}
var _resolveXri = function(xriUrl, callback, hops)
{
if(!hops)
{
hops = 1;
}
else if(hops >= 5)
{
return callback(null);
}
_get(xriUrl, null, function(data, headers, statusCode)
{
if(statusCode != 200)
{
return callback(null);
}
var xrdsLocation = headers['x-xrds-location'];
if(_isDef(xrdsLocation))
{
_get(xrdsLocation, null, function(data, headers, statusCode)
{
if(statusCode != 200 || data == null)
{
callback(null);
}
else
{
callback(_parseXrds(xrdsLocation, data));
}
});
}
else if(data != null)
{
var contentType = headers['content-type'];
// text/xml is not compliant, but some hosting providers refuse header
// changes, so text/xml is encountered
if(contentType && (contentType.indexOf('application/xrds+xml') === 0 || contentType.indexOf('text/xml') === 0))
{
return callback(_parseXrds(xriUrl, data));
}
else
{
return _resolveHtml(xriUrl, callback, hops + 1, data);
}
}
});
}
var _resolveHtml = function(identifier, callback, hops, data)
{
if(!hops)
{
hops = 1;
}
else if(hops >= 5)
{
return callback(null);
}
if(data == null)
{
_get(identifier, null, function(data, headers, statusCode)
{
if(statusCode != 200 || data == null)
{
callback(null);
}
else
{
_parseHtml(identifier, data, callback, hops + 1);
}
});
}
else
{
_parseHtml(identifier, data, callback, hops);
}
}
var _resolveHostMeta = function(identifier, strict, callback, fallBackToProxy)
{
var host = url.parse(identifier);
var hostMetaUrl;
if(fallBackToProxy && !strict)
{
hostMetaUrl = 'https://www.google.com/accounts/o8/.well-known/host-meta?hd=' + host.host;
}
else
{
hostMetaUrl = host.protocol + '//' + host.host + '/.well-known/host-meta';
}
if(!hostMetaUrl)
{
callback(null);
}
else
{
_get(hostMetaUrl, null, function(data, headers, statusCode)
{
if(statusCode != 200 || data == null)
{
if(!fallBackToProxy && !strict){
_resolveHostMeta(identifier, strict, callback, true);
}
else{
callback(null);
}
}
else
{
//Attempt to parse the data but if this fails it may be because
//the response to hostMetaUrl was some other http/html resource.
//Therefore fallback to the proxy if no providers are found.
_parseHostMeta(data, function(providers){
if((providers == null || providers.length == 0) && !fallBackToProxy && !strict) {
_resolveHostMeta(identifier, strict, callback, true);
}
else{
callback(providers);
}
});
}
});
}
}
openid.discover = function(identifier, strict, callback)
{
identifier = _normalizeIdentifier(identifier);
if(!identifier)
{
return callback({ message: 'Invalid identifier' }, null);
}
if(identifier.indexOf('http') !== 0)
{
// XRDS
identifier = 'https://xri.net/' + identifier + '?_xrd_r=application/xrds%2Bxml';
}
// Try XRDS/Yadis discovery
_resolveXri(identifier, function(providers)
{
if(providers == null || providers.length == 0)
{
// Fallback to HTML discovery
_resolveHtml(identifier, function(providers)
{
if(providers == null || providers.length == 0){
_resolveHostMeta(identifier, strict, function(providers){
callback(null, providers);
});
}
else{
callback(null, providers);
}
});
}
else
{
// Add claimed identifier to providers with local identifiers
// and OpenID 1.0/1.1 providers to ensure correct resolution
// of identities and services
for(var i = 0, len = providers.length; i < len; ++i)
{
var provider = providers[i];
if(!provider.claimedIdentifier &&
(provider.localIdentifier || provider.version.indexOf('2.0') === -1))
{
provider.claimedIdentifier = identifier;
}
}
callback(null, providers);
}
});
}
var _createDiffieHellmanKeyExchange = function(algorithm)
{
var defaultPrime = 'ANz5OguIOXLsDhmYmsWizjEOHTdxfo2Vcbt2I3MYZuYe91ouJ4mLBX+YkcLiemOcPym2CBRYHNOyyjmG0mg3BVd9RcLn5S3IHHoXGHblzqdLFEi/368Ygo79JRnxTkXjgmY0rxlJ5bU1zIKaSDuKdiI+XUkKJX8Fvf8W8vsixYOr';
var dh = crypto.createDiffieHellman(defaultPrime, 'base64');
dh.generateKeys();
return dh;
}
openid.associate = function(provider, callback, strict, algorithm)
{
var params = _generateAssociationRequestParameters(provider.version, algorithm);
if(!_isDef(algorithm))
{
algorithm = 'DH-SHA256';
}
var dh = null;
if(algorithm.indexOf('no-encryption') === -1)
{
dh = _createDiffieHellmanKeyExchange(algorithm);
params['openid.dh_modulus'] = _bigIntToBase64(dh.getPrime('binary'));
params['openid.dh_gen'] = _bigIntToBase64(dh.getGenerator('binary'));
params['openid.dh_consumer_public'] = _bigIntToBase64(dh.getPublicKey('binary'));
}
_post(provider.endpoint, params, function(data, headers, statusCode)
{
if ((statusCode != 200 && statusCode != 400) || data === null)
{
return callback({
message: 'HTTP request failed'
}, {
error: 'HTTP request failed',
error_code: '' + statusCode,
ns: 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0'
});
}
data = _decodePostData(data);
if(data.error_code == 'unsupported-type' || !_isDef(data.ns))
{
if(algorithm == 'DH-SHA1')
{
if(strict && provider.endpoint.toLowerCase().indexOf('https:') !== 0)
{
return callback({ message: 'Channel is insecure and no encryption method is supported by provider' }, null);
}
else
{
return openid.associate(provider, callback, strict, 'no-encryption-256');
}
}
else if(algorithm == 'no-encryption-256')
{
if(strict && provider.endpoint.toLowerCase().indexOf('https:') !== 0)
{
return callback('Channel is insecure and no encryption method is supported by provider', null);
}
/*else if(provider.version.indexOf('2.0') === -1)
{
// 2011-07-22: This is an OpenID 1.0/1.1 provider which means
// HMAC-SHA1 has already been attempted with a blank session
// type as per the OpenID 1.0/1.1 specification.
// (See http://openid.net/specs/openid-authentication-1_1.html#mode_associate)
// However, providers like wordpress.com don't follow the
// standard and reject these requests, but accept OpenID 2.0
// style requests without a session type, so we have to give
// those a shot as well.
callback({ message: 'Provider is OpenID 1.0/1.1 and does not support OpenID 1.0/1.1 association.' });
}*/
else
{
return openid.associate(provider, callback, strict, 'no-encryption');
}
}
else if(algorithm == 'DH-SHA256')
{
return openid.associate(provider, callback, strict, 'DH-SHA1');
}
}
if (data.error)
{
callback({ message: data.error }, data);
}
else
{
var secret = null;
var hashAlgorithm = algorithm.indexOf('256') !== -1 ? 'sha256' : 'sha1';
if(algorithm.indexOf('no-encryption') !== -1)
{
secret = data.mac_key;
}
else
{
var serverPublic = _bigIntFromBase64(data.dh_server_public);
var sharedSecret = _btwoc(dh.computeSecret(serverPublic, 'binary', 'binary'));
var hash = crypto.createHash(hashAlgorithm);
hash.update(_buffer(sharedSecret, 'binary'));
sharedSecret = hash.digest('binary');
var encMacKey = _base64decode(data.enc_mac_key);
secret = _base64encode(_xor(encMacKey, sharedSecret));
}
if (!_isDef(data.assoc_handle)) {
return callback({ message: 'OpenID provider does not seem to support association; you need to use stateless mode'}, null);
}
openid.saveAssociation(provider, hashAlgorithm,
data.assoc_handle, secret, data.expires_in * 1, function(error)
{
if(error)
{
return callback(error);
}
callback(null, data);
});
}
});
}
var _generateAssociationRequestParameters = function(version, algorithm)
{
var params = {
'openid.mode' : 'associate',
};
if(version.indexOf('2.0') !== -1)
{
params['openid.ns'] = 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0';
}
if(algorithm == 'DH-SHA1')
{
params['openid.assoc_type'] = 'HMAC-SHA1';
params['openid.session_type'] = 'DH-SHA1';
}
else if(algorithm == 'no-encryption-256')
{
if(version.indexOf('2.0') === -1)
{
params['openid.session_type'] = ''; // OpenID 1.0/1.1 requires blank
params['openid.assoc_type'] = 'HMAC-SHA1';
}
else
{
params['openid.session_type'] = 'no-encryption';
params['openid.assoc_type'] = 'HMAC-SHA256';
}
}
else if(algorithm == 'no-encryption')
{
if(version.indexOf('2.0') !== -1)
{
params['openid.session_type'] = 'no-encryption';
}
params['openid.assoc_type'] = 'HMAC-SHA1';
}
else
{
params['openid.assoc_type'] = 'HMAC-SHA256';
params['openid.session_type'] = 'DH-SHA256';
}
return params;
}
openid.authenticate = function(identifier, returnUrl, realm, immediate, stateless, callback, extensions, strict)
{
openid.discover(identifier, strict, function(error, providers)
{
if(error)
{
return callback(error);
}
if(!providers || providers.length === 0)
{
return callback({ message: 'No providers found for the given identifier' }, null);
}
var providerIndex = -1;
(function chooseProvider(error, authUrl)
{
if(!error && authUrl)
{
var provider = providers[providerIndex];
if(provider.claimedIdentifier)
{
var useLocalIdentifierAsKey = provider.version.indexOf('2.0') === -1 && provider.localIdentifier && provider.claimedIdentifier != provider.localIdentifier;
return openid.saveDiscoveredInformation(useLocalIdentifierAsKey ? provider.localIdentifier : provider.claimedIdentifier,
provider, function(error)
{
if(error)
{
return callback(error);
}
return callback(null, authUrl);
});
}
else if(provider.version.indexOf('2.0') !== -1)
{
return callback(null, authUrl);
}
else
{
chooseProvider({ message: 'OpenID 1.0/1.1 provider cannot be used without a claimed identifier' });
}
}
if(++providerIndex >= providers.length)
{
return callback({ message: 'No usable providers found for the given identifier' }, null);
}
var currentProvider = providers[providerIndex];
if(stateless)
{
_requestAuthentication(currentProvider, null, returnUrl,
realm, immediate, extensions || {}, chooseProvider);
}
else
{
openid.associate(currentProvider, function(error, answer)
{
if(error || !answer || answer.error)
{
chooseProvider(error || answer.error, null);
}
else
{
_requestAuthentication(currentProvider, answer.assoc_handle, returnUrl,
realm, immediate, extensions || {}, chooseProvider);
}
});
}
})();
});
}
var _requestAuthentication = function(provider, assoc_handle, returnUrl, realm, immediate, extensions, callback)
{
var params = {
'openid.mode' : immediate ? 'checkid_immediate' : 'checkid_setup'
};
if(provider.version.indexOf('2.0') !== -1)
{
params['openid.ns'] = 'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0';
}
for (var i in extensions)
{
if(!hasOwnProperty(extensions, i))
{
continue;
}
var extension = extensions[i];
for (var key in extension.requestParams)
{
if (!hasOwnProperty(extension.requestParams, key)) { continue; }
params[key] = extension.requestParams[key];
}
}
if(provider.claimedIdentifier)
{
params['openid.claimed_id'] = provider.claimedIdentifier;
if(provider.localIdentifier)
{
params['openid.identity'] = provider.localIdentifier;
}
else
{
params['openid.identity'] = provider.claimedIdentifier;
}
}
else if(provider.version.indexOf('2.0') !== -1)
{
params['openid.claimed_id'] = params['openid.identity'] =
'http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/identifier_select';
}
else {
return callback({ message: 'OpenID 1.0/1.1 provider cannot be used without a claimed identifier' });
}
if(assoc_handle)
{
params['openid.assoc_handle'] = assoc_handle;
}
if(returnUrl)
{
// Value should be missing if RP does not want
// user to be sent back
params['openid.return_to'] = returnUrl;
}
if(realm)
{
if(provider.version.indexOf('2.0') !== -1) {
params['openid.realm'] = realm;
}
else {
params['openid.trust_root'] = realm;
}
}
else if(!returnUrl)
{
return callback({ message: 'No return URL or realm specified' });
}
callback(null, _buildUrl(provider.endpoint, params));
}
openid.verifyAssertion = function(requestOrUrl, originalReturnUrl, callback, stateless, extensions, strict)
{
extensions = extensions || {};
var assertionUrl = requestOrUrl;
if(typeof(requestOrUrl) !== typeof(''))
{
if(requestOrUrl.method.toUpperCase() == 'POST') {
if((requestOrUrl.headers['content-type'] || '').toLowerCase().indexOf('application/x-www-form-urlencoded') === 0) {
// POST response received
var data = '';
requestOrUrl.on('data', function(chunk) {
data += chunk;
});
requestOrUrl.on('end', function() {
var params = querystring.parse(data);
return _verifyAssertionData(params, callback, stateless, extensions, strict);
});
}
else {
return callback({ message: 'Invalid POST response from OpenID provider' });
}
return; // Avoid falling through to GET method assertion
}
else if(requestOrUrl.method.toUpperCase() != 'GET') {
return callback({ message: 'Invalid request method from OpenID provider' });
}
assertionUrl = requestOrUrl.url;
}
assertionUrl = url.parse(assertionUrl, true);
var params = assertionUrl.query;
if (!_verifyReturnUrl(assertionUrl, originalReturnUrl)) {
return callback({ message: 'Invalid return URL' });
}
return _verifyAssertionData(params, callback, stateless, extensions, strict);
}
var _verifyReturnUrl = function (assertionUrl, originalReturnUrl) {
var receivedReturnUrl = assertionUrl.query['openid.return_to'];
if (!_isDef(receivedReturnUrl)) {
return false;
}
receivedReturnUrl = url.parse(receivedReturnUrl, true);
if (!receivedReturnUrl) {
return false;
}
originalReturnUrl = url.parse(originalReturnUrl, true);
if (!originalReturnUrl) {
return false;
}
if (originalReturnUrl.protocol !== receivedReturnUrl.protocol || // Verify scheme against original return URL
originalReturnUrl.host !== receivedReturnUrl.host || // Verify authority against original return URL
originalReturnUrl.pathname !== receivedReturnUrl.pathname) { // Verify path against current request URL
return false;
}
// Any query parameters that are present in the "openid.return_to" URL MUST also be present
// with the same values in the URL of the HTTP request the RP received
for (var param in receivedReturnUrl.query) {
if (hasOwnProperty(receivedReturnUrl.query, param) && receivedReturnUrl.query[param] !== assertionUrl.query[param]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
var _verifyAssertionData = function(params, callback, stateless, extensions, strict) {
var assertionError = _getAssertionError(params);
if(assertionError)
{
return callback({ message: assertionError }, { authenticated: false });
}
if (!_invalidateAssociationHandleIfRequested(params)) {
return callback({ message: 'Unable to invalidate association handle'});
}
if (!_checkNonce(params)) {
return callback({ message: 'Invalid or replayed nonce' });
}
_verifyDiscoveredInformation(params, stateless, extensions, strict, function(error, result)
{
return callback(error, result);
});
};
var _getAssertionError = function(params)
{
if(!_isDef(params))
{
return 'Assertion request is malformed';
}
else if(params['openid.mode'] == 'error')
{