Incorrect output from broadcast expression with conversion

[charleskawczynski]

Reproducer:

using ClimaCore.CommonSpaces
using ClimaCore: Geometry, Fields
FT = Float64
space = ColumnSpace(FT;
    z_elem = 10,
    z_min = 0,
    z_max = 10,
    staggering = CellCenter()
)
const CTh = Geometry.Contravariant12Vector
ᶜuₕ = Fields.Field(Geometry.Covariant12Vector{FT}, space)
∂ᶜK_∂ᶜuₕ = Fields.Field(Geometry.Contravariant12Vector{FT}, space)
@. ∂ᶜK_∂ᶜuₕ = CTh(ᶜuₕ)

This is a reproducer that @dennisYatunin and I conjured up, which needs fixed for supporting FiniteDifferenceSpace simulations in ClimaAtmos.

cc @imreddyTeja

[charleskawczynski]

Some local notes:

# 0 padding of components
# 1 padding of metric tensors
# axfrom, axto
# both exist: do standard conversion
# space ax exists, in ax not exist: 0 pad
# space ax not exists, in ax exists: propagate components without modifying 1


# return Geometry.transform(Geometry.UVWAxis(), arg, local_geometry) # (from DSS logic)
u₁, v = Geometry.components(arg)
uw_vector = Geometry.project(
    Geometry.UWAxis(),
    Geometry.Covariant13Vector(u₁, zero(u₁)),
    local_geometry,
)
u, w = Geometry.components(uw_vector)
return Geometry.UVWVector(u, v, w) * weight