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FRIES Working Group K. Kuladinithi
Internet-Draft Hamburg University of Technology
Intended status: Informational A. Udugama
Expires: October 3, 2021 University of Bremen
April 01, 2021
Student-FRIEndly extension to the TCP/IP protocol Suite
draft-kuladinithi-fries-00
Abstract
Protocols of the TCP/IP protocol suite were designed solely to adapt
to the technical changes in networks and devices, leaving out users'
feelings. COVID-19 pandemic has shown us the necessity of including
mechanisms in TCP/IP to support the context-sensitive human thought
process, especially to serve pupils and students. This memo
describes the student-FRIEndly TCP/IP protocol Suite (FRIES) that
caters to the quick adaptation of TCP/IP to serve students in a
virtual context. This mode of operation should not be used in
physically present meetings (e.g., lectures or oral examinations), as
the protocol behavior does not match with the actual activities or
expressions.
FRIES is a highly deployable protocol extension, maintaining backward
compatibility with the current TCP/IP stack.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on October 3, 2021.
Kuladinithi & Udugama Expires October 3, 2021 [Page 1]
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. The Need for Standardization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. Operation on Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3. Operation on End-hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4. Enabling Seamless Handovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1. Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced humans, especially the young
generations, to use the Internet in ways it was not intended to be
used. For example, the use of on-line lectures at universities for
lengthy periods of time, without any social interactions. This
demotivates students. Interactions with students have shown us that
a life with no social interactions, sitting in front of a computer
all day, without any banter with friends in a physical setting has
negatively affected the younger generations' appetite for education.
The FRIES extension introduces some novel features to the current
TCP/IP stack to serve diverse behavior patterns (physical or mental)
of users by manipulating the protocol behavior to serve users'
feelings. Sometimes, students do not want to attire appropriately or
be prepared to engage in lectures. Students prefer to listen only to
some keywords from the lecture, while lounging on the bed and even,
Kuladinithi & Udugama Expires October 3, 2021 [Page 2]
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playing on-line games. When they are asked to talk or join a
breakout room discussion, students pretend wanting to talk even
without any clue of what to say.
Therefore, the TCP/IP protocol suite MUST support mechanisms to
handle the following behavioral patterns irrespective of the
underline network changes.
o Delayed joining of on-line lectures
o Enabling intermittent disruptions to appear as having connectivity
problems (e.g., when using a shared white-board application)
o Introduce artificial artefacts (audio/video) when no proper
answers can be given
o Seamless handover of active on-line lectures between multiple
devices to enable home furniture carousel/musical chairs
This document specifies the use of new and existing protocol features
to describe the FRIES extension to the TCP/IP protocol suite, to
implement student-friendly virtual communications. All the features
proposed MUST be incorporated in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks.
1.1. The Need for Standardization
Our lives have been turned upside down in many areas, including
education, due to the never-ending pandemic that started at the
beginning of 2020. Everyone now recognizes the seriousness of the
impact of the pandemic. Therefore, it is imperative that
standardization bodies among others, move quickly to adopt new
standards to accommodate features that make life livable during a
pandemic.
The FRIES extension primarily focuses on our future generation to
survive and enjoy their education.
The automatic detection of the students' thought process or
intentions to enable the expected behavioral pattern is beyond the
scope of this document. A possibility is the use of machine learning
techniques to recognize facial expressions and environmental
conditions.
2. Operation
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2.1. General
Pandemic friendliness of the TCP/IP protocol suite is defined by
introducing the pandemic bit to the IP header and the TCP header.
Backward compatibility of the existing TCP/IP protocols is kept
intact when P bit is not set.
0 1 2 3
+---+---+---+---+
| P | Version |
+---+---+---+---+
Figure 1: Pandemic bit in IP Header - Version field
The most significant bit, MSB of the Version field of both IPv4
[RFC0791] and IPv6 [RFC8200] header MUST be modified to handle the
pandemic situation. The pandemic bit is defined as the P bit, see
Figure 1. As the current IP version field is used to represent only
number 4 and 6, the use of the left most bit as the pandemic bit
results in no major changes to the existing IP header.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Data | | |N|C|E|U|A|P|R|S|F| |
| Offset|P|Res|S|W|C|R|C|S|S|Y|I| Window |
| | | | |R|E|G|K|H|T|N|N| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 2: Pandemic bit in TCP Header - Reserved flags
The MSB of the Reserved flags of TCP header [RFC0793] SHALL also be
modified to indicate the pandemic situation, see Figure 2. Setting
the P bit to 0 means business-as-usual with TCP/IP operations.
Setting P bit to 1 enables FRIES extensions for TCP/IP. Any entity
(e.g., applications, routers) which encounters packets with the P bit
set SHALL support some or all of the behavioral patterns described in
Section 1.
The following sections describe how the extensions MUST operate on
routers, end-hosts and how seamless handovers are performed.
2.2. Operation on Routers
This section describes how a router MUST behave when there is a
pandemic. Figure 3 shows the common format of the TOS field of IPv4
and the Traffic Class field of IPv6, as defined in [RFC2474] and
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[RFC3168], which are requested to assist the router during a
pandemic.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| DS FIELD, DSCP | ECN |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
DSCP: differentiated services code point
ECN: Explicit Congestion Notification
During the pandemic: DSCP = 000000 and ECN = 00 or 01 or 10
Figure 3: The Differentiated Services and ECN Fields in IP
When P bit is set in the IP Version field, the routers treat all
pandemic packets as follows.
o When dropping application packets is enabled for a certain period,
the IP header of the packets generated during the mentioned period
should be set by the originating host as follows:
1. P bit MUST be set to 1 in the IP Version field
2. DSCP MUST be set as best-effort traffic only, six most
significant (left-most) bits to 000000, see Figure 3.
3. ECN MAY be set to indicate the Code Points as defined in
[RFC3168].
o If the P bit of the IP header is set, routers MUST treat this
packet without any prioritization and start dropping the packets
randomly, irrespective of the ECN values. When there is no
pandemic, the routers shall treat the DSCP values as defined in
[RFC2474]. For example, audio and video packets get higher
priority at router's queue while keeping the drop probability to a
minimum or none.
o If ECN is set to 01 or 10, the router shall indicate the explicit
network congestion as defined in [RFC3168] irrespective of the P
bit is set or not. It is recommended to set ECN to 00 during a
pandemic as the artificial dropping of packets at a router is more
efficient compared to the use of explicit congestion notification
to the end hosts.
o The dropping policy at the router is implementation-specific.
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o At least the last hop router MUST implement the dropping of
packets randomly if the P bit is set. The routers may identify
whether it's the last hop router or not by comparing the Subnet
Prefix of the destination IP address.
o Other routers may also implement the dropping of packets to handle
pandemic situation, depending on the seriousness level. The
identification of a number of routers that may drop packets is out
of the scope of this document.
2.3. Operation on End-hosts
TCP congestion and flow control mechanisms are kept intact during the
pandemic. However, enabling the P bit in TCP header results in
following extensions.
o If the P bit is set in both IP and TCP header, the TCP receiver
shall ignore in order packet delivery to the application. This is
indicated to the TCP receiver by setting the P bit to 1 and PSH
flag to 1 by the TCP sender. TCP receiver MUST forward the packet
to the application without any delay. Some of the lost packets
may not be recovered at all depending on the dropping policy
implemented at the last hop router due to the pandemic.
o The delivery of out of order packets may result in artefacts in
the applications, as the TCP does not perform reliably due to the
pandemic.
o If a student decides only to listen, mimicking serious network
issues, FRIES protocol shall use the beauty of TCP half connection
close feature, showing a frozen connection state of the student's
state on the TCP receiver. The TCP sender (e.g., the student's
laptop) shall send FIN message with the P bit set to the TCP
receiver even though it continues to receive the application
packets.
o At the receipt of FIN message with the P bit set, the TCP receiver
knows that this is a request for abrupt termination due to the
pandemic.
o Not accepting application packets, without creating TCP segments
at the TCP sender, shall be allowed at the transport layer during
a pandemic. The acceptance policy at the transport layer is
implementation-specific.
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2.4. Enabling Seamless Handovers
This operation is valid only for the local network in case a student
intends to perform furniture carousel/musical chairs to overcome the
monotonous nature of lectures. Considering that a student wishes to
use multiple devices at different places (see Figure 4), then the
student SHALL switch on all devices at the start for the home router
to perform furniture carousel/musical chairs.
+---------------+
| Local Router |
+---------------+
|
| LAN
-----------------------------------------------------------
| | |
| | |
+--+ +--+ +--+
|--| |--| |--|
/____\ /____\ /____\
(Tablet, having meal (TV Screen, while (Desktop PC, when
@ kitchen) relaxing on the sofa teaching is exciting
@ living room) @ study table)
Figure 4: An example of enabling home furniture carousel/musical
chairs
o Switching on all devices results in registering the relevant
devices at the home router.
o Home router multicasts incoming packets to all the registered
devices.
o The home router MUST maintain a pandemic table which shows the
list of active devices indicating the primary device and cost
metrics to manage the bandwidth usage depending on a student's
concentration level (e.g., when at kitchen, home router MAY reduce
the amount of incoming packets forwarded as the student is anyway
not focused).
2.5. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
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3. IANA Considerations
If this work is standardized, IANA is kindly requested to introduce
the Pandemic bit in IPv4, IPv6 and TCP headers.
4. Security Considerations
Security is considered unimportant as the FRIES extension is solely
designed for the use of students.
5. Acknowledgement
COVID-19 pandemic let us have more evening walks together compared to
the time before. This RFC is a result of these walks and therefore
we are grateful for COVID-19 for allowing us to think out of the box.
6. Normative References
[RFC0791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
DOI 10.17487/RFC0791, September 1981,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc791>.
[RFC0793] Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7,
RFC 793, DOI 10.17487/RFC0793, September 1981,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc793>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC2474] Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black,
"Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS
Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2474, December 1998,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2474>.
[RFC3168] Ramakrishnan, K., Floyd, S., and D. Black, "The Addition
of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP",
RFC 3168, DOI 10.17487/RFC3168, September 2001,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3168>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
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[RFC8200] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>.
Authors' Addresses
Koojana Kuladinithi
Hamburg University of Technology
Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3
Hamburg 21073
Germany
Phone: +49-40-428-783533
Email: koojana.kuladinithi@tuhh.de
Asanga Udugama
University of Bremen
Otto-Hahn-Allee 1
Bremen D-28359
Germany
Phone: +49-421-218-62378
Email: udugama@uni-bremen.de
Kuladinithi & Udugama Expires October 3, 2021 [Page 9]