diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-memory-leaks.yaml b/.github/workflows/test-memory-leaks.yaml
index 9ac76c9ee22..ece1d34461b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-memory-leaks.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-memory-leaks.yaml
@@ -13,3 +13,21 @@ jobs:
           cache-version: v1 # bump this to invalidate cache
       - run: sudo apt install -y valgrind && valgrind --version
       - run: bundle exec rake compile spec:profiling:memcheck
+  test-asan:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      # We're using a fork of ruby/setup-ruby because the "asan" tool is built into the clang compiler toolchain, and
+      # needs Ruby to be built with a special configuration.
+      #
+      # The special configuration is not yet available in the upstream `ruby/setup-ruby` github action, so I needed to
+      # fork it and push a small tweak to make it available.
+      #
+      # (The Ruby builds were added in https://github.com/ruby/ruby-dev-builder/pull/10 ).
+      - uses: datadog/setup-ruby@0c7206d6db81faf999795ceebfac00d164298bd5
+        with:
+          ruby-version: asan
+          bundler-cache: true # runs 'bundle install' and caches installed gems automatically
+          bundler: latest
+          cache-version: v1 # bump this to invalidate cache
+      - run: env RUBY_FREE_AT_EXIT=1 LSAN_OPTIONS=verbosity=0:log_threads=1:suppressions=`pwd`/suppressions/lsan.supp ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=1 bundle exec rake spec:profiling:main
diff --git a/ext/datadog_profiling_native_extension/extconf.rb b/ext/datadog_profiling_native_extension/extconf.rb
index 975c524d17b..e71c28e32f8 100644
--- a/ext/datadog_profiling_native_extension/extconf.rb
+++ b/ext/datadog_profiling_native_extension/extconf.rb
@@ -259,6 +259,27 @@ def skip_building_extension!(reason)
   require "debase/ruby_core_source"
   dir_config("ruby") # allow user to pass in non-standard core include directory
 
+  # This is a workaround for a weird issue...
+  #
+  # The mkmf tool defines a `with_cppflags` helper that debase-ruby_core_source uses. This helper temporarily
+  # replaces `$CPPFLAGS` (aka the C pre-processor [not c++!] flags) with a different set when doing something.
+  #
+  # The debase-ruby_core_source gem uses `with_cppflags` during makefile generation to inject extra headers into the
+  # path. But because `with_cppflags` replaces `$CPPFLAGS`, well, the default `$CPPFLAGS` are not included in the
+  # makefile.
+  #
+  # This is a problem because the default `$CPPFLAGS` carries configuration that was set when Ruby was being built.
+  # Thus, if we ignore it, we don't compile the profiler with the exact same configuration as Ruby.
+  # In practice, this can generate crashes and weird bugs if the Ruby configuration is tweaked in a manner that
+  # changes some of the internal structures that the profiler relies on. Concretely, setting for instance
+  # `VM_CHECK_MODE=1` when building Ruby will trigger this issue (because somethings in structures the profiler reads
+  # are ifdef'd out using this setting).
+  #
+  # To workaround this issue, we override `with_cppflags` for debase-ruby_core_source to still include `$CPPFLAGS`.
+  Debase::RubyCoreSource.define_singleton_method(:with_cppflags) do |newflags, &block|
+    super("#{newflags} #{$CPPFLAGS}", &block)
+  end
+
   Debase::RubyCoreSource
     .create_makefile_with_core(
       proc do
diff --git a/suppressions/lsan.supp b/suppressions/lsan.supp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6038088e133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/suppressions/lsan.supp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# This is a Leak Sanitizer ("lsan") suppression configuration file.
+#
+# We use it together with special builds for Ruby
+# (https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/contributing/building_ruby.md#building-with-address-sanitizer)
+# to find issues and memory leaks in the dd-trace-rb native extensions; in some cases
+# we need to ignore potential issues as they're not something we can fix (e.g. outside our code.)
+#
+# See https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/AddressSanitizerLeakSanitizer for details.
+leak:native_thread_create