diff --git a/packages/react-dom-bindings/src/server/ReactFizzConfigDOM.js b/packages/react-dom-bindings/src/server/ReactFizzConfigDOM.js
index 089e9964ce970..9eeb120082991 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom-bindings/src/server/ReactFizzConfigDOM.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom-bindings/src/server/ReactFizzConfigDOM.js
@@ -296,6 +296,8 @@ export function createResponseState(
       const integrity =
         typeof scriptConfig === 'string' ? undefined : scriptConfig.integrity;
 
+      preloadBootstrapModule(resources, src, nonce, integrity);
+
       bootstrapChunks.push(
         startModuleSrc,
         stringToChunk(escapeTextForBrowser(src)),
@@ -1977,7 +1979,7 @@ function pushLink(
           }
         }
         pushLinkImpl(resource.chunks, resource.props);
-        resources.usedStylesheets.add(resource);
+        resources.usedStylesheets.set(key, resource);
         return pushLinkImpl(target, props);
       } else {
         // This stylesheet refers to a Resource and we create a new one if necessary
@@ -4249,8 +4251,7 @@ export function writePreamble(
   // Flush unblocked stylesheets by precedence
   resources.precedences.forEach(flushAllStylesInPreamble, destination);
 
-  resources.usedStylesheets.forEach(resource => {
-    const key = getResourceKey(resource.props.as, resource.props.href);
+  resources.usedStylesheets.forEach((resource, key) => {
     if (resources.stylesMap.has(key)) {
       // The underlying stylesheet is represented both as a used stylesheet
       // (a regular component we will attempt to preload) and as a StylesheetResource.
@@ -4345,8 +4346,7 @@ export function writeHoistables(
   // but we want to kick off preloading as soon as possible
   resources.precedences.forEach(preloadLateStyles, destination);
 
-  resources.usedStylesheets.forEach(resource => {
-    const key = getResourceKey(resource.props.as, resource.props.href);
+  resources.usedStylesheets.forEach((resource, key) => {
     if (resources.stylesMap.has(key)) {
       // The underlying stylesheet is represented both as a used stylesheet
       // (a regular component we will attempt to preload) and as a StylesheetResource.
@@ -4861,12 +4861,18 @@ type PreconnectProps = {
 };
 type PreconnectResource = TResource<'preconnect', null>;
 
-type PreloadProps = {
+type PreloadAsProps = {
   rel: 'preload',
   as: string,
   href: string,
   [string]: mixed,
 };
+type PreloadModuleProps = {
+  rel: 'modulepreload',
+  href: string,
+  [string]: mixed,
+};
+type PreloadProps = PreloadAsProps | PreloadModuleProps;
 type PreloadResource = TResource<'preload', PreloadProps>;
 
 type StylesheetProps = {
@@ -4911,7 +4917,7 @@ export type Resources = {
   // usedImagePreloads: Set<PreloadResource>,
   precedences: Map<string, Set<StyleResource>>,
   stylePrecedences: Map<string, StyleTagResource>,
-  usedStylesheets: Set<PreloadResource>,
+  usedStylesheets: Map<string, PreloadResource>,
   scripts: Set<ScriptResource>,
   usedScripts: Set<PreloadResource>,
   explicitStylesheetPreloads: Set<PreloadResource>,
@@ -4939,7 +4945,7 @@ export function createResources(): Resources {
     // usedImagePreloads: new Set(),
     precedences: new Map(),
     stylePrecedences: new Map(),
-    usedStylesheets: new Set(),
+    usedStylesheets: new Map(),
     scripts: new Set(),
     usedScripts: new Set(),
     explicitStylesheetPreloads: new Set(),
@@ -5512,6 +5518,46 @@ function preloadBootstrapScript(
   pushLinkImpl(resource.chunks, props);
 }
 
+// This function is only safe to call at Request start time since it assumes
+// that each module has not already been preloaded. If we find a need to preload
+// scripts at any other point in time we will need to check whether the preload
+// already exists and not assume it
+function preloadBootstrapModule(
+  resources: Resources,
+  src: string,
+  nonce: ?string,
+  integrity: ?string,
+): void {
+  const key = getResourceKey('script', src);
+  if (__DEV__) {
+    if (resources.preloadsMap.has(key)) {
+      // This is coded as a React error because it should be impossible for a userspace preload to preempt this call
+      // If a userspace preload can preempt it then this assumption is broken and we need to reconsider this strategy
+      // rather than instruct the user to not preload their bootstrap scripts themselves
+      console.error(
+        'Internal React Error: React expected bootstrap module with src "%s" to not have been preloaded already. please file an issue',
+        src,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  const props: PreloadModuleProps = {
+    rel: 'modulepreload',
+    href: src,
+    nonce,
+    integrity,
+  };
+  const resource: PreloadResource = {
+    type: 'preload',
+    chunks: [],
+    state: NoState,
+    props,
+  };
+  resources.preloadsMap.set(key, resource);
+  resources.explicitScriptPreloads.add(resource);
+  pushLinkImpl(resource.chunks, props);
+  return;
+}
+
 function internalPreinitScript(
   resources: Resources,
   src: string,
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzServer-test.js b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzServer-test.js
index e16beba0513ad..d2478d4cccd1f 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzServer-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzServer-test.js
@@ -600,7 +600,10 @@ describe('ReactDOMFizzServer', () => {
               'init.js',
               {src: 'init2.js', integrity: 'init2hash'},
             ],
-            bootstrapModules: ['init.mjs'],
+            bootstrapModules: [
+              'init.mjs',
+              {src: 'init2.mjs', integrity: 'init2hash'},
+            ],
           },
         );
         pipe(writable);
@@ -615,16 +618,23 @@ describe('ReactDOMFizzServer', () => {
           nonce={CSPnonce}
           integrity="init2hash"
         />,
+        <link rel="modulepreload" href="init.mjs" nonce={CSPnonce} />,
+        <link
+          rel="modulepreload"
+          href="init2.mjs"
+          nonce={CSPnonce}
+          integrity="init2hash"
+        />,
         <div>Loading...</div>,
       ]);
 
-      // check that there are 4 scripts with a matching nonce:
-      // The runtime script, an inline bootstrap script, and two src scripts
+      // check that there are 6 scripts with a matching nonce:
+      // The runtime script, an inline bootstrap script, two bootstrap scripts and two bootstrap modules
       expect(
         Array.from(container.getElementsByTagName('script')).filter(
           node => node.getAttribute('nonce') === CSPnonce,
         ).length,
-      ).toEqual(5);
+      ).toEqual(6);
 
       await act(() => {
         resolve({default: Text});
@@ -638,6 +648,13 @@ describe('ReactDOMFizzServer', () => {
           nonce={CSPnonce}
           integrity="init2hash"
         />,
+        <link rel="modulepreload" href="init.mjs" nonce={CSPnonce} />,
+        <link
+          rel="modulepreload"
+          href="init2.mjs"
+          nonce={CSPnonce}
+          integrity="init2hash"
+        />,
         <div>Hello</div>,
       ]);
     } finally {
@@ -3783,6 +3800,9 @@ describe('ReactDOMFizzServer', () => {
           <link rel="preload" href="foo" as="script" />
           <link rel="preload" href="bar" as="script" />
           <link rel="preload" href="baz" as="script" integrity="qux" />
+          <link rel="modulepreload" href="quux" />
+          <link rel="modulepreload" href="corge" />
+          <link rel="modulepreload" href="grault" integrity="garply" />
         </head>
         <body>
           <div>hello world</div>
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzServerBrowser-test.js b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzServerBrowser-test.js
index 6571cddcc6981..b19ef8d667e2c 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzServerBrowser-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzServerBrowser-test.js
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMFizzServerBrowser', () => {
     );
     const result = await readResult(stream);
     expect(result).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
-      `"<link rel="preload" href="init.js" as="script"/><div>hello world</div><script>INIT();</script><script src="init.js" async=""></script><script type="module" src="init.mjs" async=""></script>"`,
+      `"<link rel="preload" href="init.js" as="script"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="init.mjs"/><div>hello world</div><script>INIT();</script><script src="init.js" async=""></script><script type="module" src="init.mjs" async=""></script>"`,
     );
   });
 
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMFizzServerBrowser', () => {
     );
     const result = await readResult(stream);
     expect(result).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
-      `"<link rel="preload" href="init.js" as="script" nonce="R4nd0m"/><div>hello world</div><script nonce="${nonce}">INIT();</script><script src="init.js" nonce="${nonce}" async=""></script><script type="module" src="init.mjs" nonce="${nonce}" async=""></script>"`,
+      `"<link rel="preload" href="init.js" as="script" nonce="R4nd0m"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="init.mjs" nonce="R4nd0m"/><div>hello world</div><script nonce="${nonce}">INIT();</script><script src="init.js" nonce="${nonce}" async=""></script><script type="module" src="init.mjs" nonce="${nonce}" async=""></script>"`,
     );
   });
 });
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzServerNode-test.js b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzServerNode-test.js
index 03ce2f5b8468b..59ae61f1cdcd7 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzServerNode-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzServerNode-test.js
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMFizzServerNode', () => {
     pipe(writable);
     jest.runAllTimers();
     expect(output.result).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
-      `"<link rel="preload" href="init.js" as="script"/><div>hello world</div><script>INIT();</script><script src="init.js" async=""></script><script type="module" src="init.mjs" async=""></script>"`,
+      `"<link rel="preload" href="init.js" as="script"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="init.mjs"/><div>hello world</div><script>INIT();</script><script src="init.js" async=""></script><script type="module" src="init.mjs" async=""></script>"`,
     );
   });
 
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzStaticBrowser-test.js b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzStaticBrowser-test.js
index 7bda83ff2cd3b..682bf6dd2a03b 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzStaticBrowser-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzStaticBrowser-test.js
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMFizzStaticBrowser', () => {
     });
     const prelude = await readContent(result.prelude);
     expect(prelude).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
-      `"<link rel="preload" href="init.js" as="script"/><div>hello world</div><script>INIT();</script><script src="init.js" async=""></script><script type="module" src="init.mjs" async=""></script>"`,
+      `"<link rel="preload" href="init.js" as="script"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="init.mjs"/><div>hello world</div><script>INIT();</script><script src="init.js" async=""></script><script type="module" src="init.mjs" async=""></script>"`,
     );
   });
 
diff --git a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzStaticNode-test.js b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzStaticNode-test.js
index f121a7c289c0e..911d11b538c2c 100644
--- a/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzStaticNode-test.js
+++ b/packages/react-dom/src/__tests__/ReactDOMFizzStaticNode-test.js
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMFizzStaticNode', () => {
     );
     const prelude = await readContent(result.prelude);
     expect(prelude).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
-      `"<link rel="preload" href="init.js" as="script"/><div>hello world</div><script>INIT();</script><script src="init.js" async=""></script><script type="module" src="init.mjs" async=""></script>"`,
+      `"<link rel="preload" href="init.js" as="script"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="init.mjs"/><div>hello world</div><script>INIT();</script><script src="init.js" async=""></script><script type="module" src="init.mjs" async=""></script>"`,
     );
   });
 
diff --git a/packages/react-server-dom-fb/src/__tests__/ReactDOMServerFB-test.internal.js b/packages/react-server-dom-fb/src/__tests__/ReactDOMServerFB-test.internal.js
index 667db5c4443c2..8e6ff121cc952 100644
--- a/packages/react-server-dom-fb/src/__tests__/ReactDOMServerFB-test.internal.js
+++ b/packages/react-server-dom-fb/src/__tests__/ReactDOMServerFB-test.internal.js
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ describe('ReactDOMServerFB', () => {
     });
     const result = readResult(stream);
     expect(result).toMatchInlineSnapshot(
-      `"<link rel="preload" href="init.js" as="script"/><div>hello world</div><script>INIT();</script><script src="init.js" async=""></script><script type="module" src="init.mjs" async=""></script>"`,
+      `"<link rel="preload" href="init.js" as="script"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="init.mjs"/><div>hello world</div><script>INIT();</script><script src="init.js" async=""></script><script type="module" src="init.mjs" async=""></script>"`,
     );
   });