diff --git a/generate-output-json.js b/generate-output-json.js
deleted file mode 100644
index b5301f8..0000000
--- a/generate-output-json.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-const csvFilePath = './public/data.csv'
-const csv = require('csvtojson')
-const groupBy = require("lodash.groupby");
-const fs = require('fs')
-const relations = require('./public/output.json')
-
-function removeEmptyFields(obj) {
- return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(obj).filter(([_, v]) => v));
-}
-
-function parseTags(tags) {
- const list = tags.split(';').map(el => el.trim()).filter((item) => item).map(line => {
- const [key, value] = line.split(':')
- return {
- key: key.trim(),
- value: value?.trim() || value
- }
- })
- const groupedList = groupBy(list, 'key');
-
- const output = {}
-
- Object.keys(groupedList).forEach(key => {
- output[key] = groupedList[key].map(item => item.value)
- });
- return output;
-}
-
-
-async function generateOutputJson() {
- // load relationships from json
- const relatedData = new Map();
- relations.forEach((item) => {
- relatedData.set(item['Key'], item);
- });
-
- const jsonArray = await csv().fromFile(csvFilePath)
- const output = jsonArray.map((item) => {
- const manualTags = parseTags(item['Manual Tags'] || "")
- const autoTags = parseTags(item['Automatic Tags'] || "")
- const relations = relatedData.get(item['Key'])?.PARSED_RELATES_TO || [];
- // const tags = relatedData.get(item['Key'])?.PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS || [];
- const level = manualTags['CO-DESIGN LEVEL'] || [];
- delete manualTags['CO-DESIGN LEVEL'];
-
- manualTags['CO_DESIGN_LEVEL'] = level;
- const coreToolKits = manualTags['CORE TOOLKIT'];
- if(coreToolKits) {
- manualTags['CORE_TOOLKIT'] = coreToolKits;
- delete manualTags['CORE TOOLKIT'];
- }
- return {
- ...removeEmptyFields(item),
- 'PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS': manualTags,
- 'PARSED_AUTOMATIC_TAGS': autoTags,
- 'PARSED_RELATES_TO': relations
- }
- });
- fs.writeFileSync('./public/data.json', JSON.stringify(output, null, 2))
-}
-
-generateOutputJson()
diff --git a/public/data.csv b/public/data.csv
deleted file mode 100755
index 7bf08a3..0000000
--- a/public/data.csv
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-"Key","Item Type","Publication Year","Author","Title","Publication Title","ISBN","ISSN","DOI","Url","Abstract Note","Date","Date Added","Date Modified","Access Date","Pages","Num Pages","Issue","Volume","Number Of Volumes","Journal Abbreviation","Short Title","Series","Series Number","Series Text","Series Title","Publisher","Place","Language","Rights","Type","Archive","Archive Location","Library Catalog","Call Number","Extra","Notes","File Attachments","Link Attachments","Manual Tags","Automatic Tags","Editor","Series Editor","Translator","Contributor","Attorney Agent","Book Author","Cast Member","Commenter","Composer","Cosponsor","Counsel","Interviewer","Producer","Recipient","Reviewed Author","Scriptwriter","Words By","Guest","Number","Edition","Running Time","Scale","Medium","Artwork Size","Filing Date","Application Number","Assignee","Issuing Authority","Country","Meeting Name","Conference Name","Court","References","Reporter","Legal Status","Priority Numbers","Programming Language","Version","System","Code","Code Number","Section","Session","Committee","History","Legislative Body"
-"XFPBGKHD","journalArticle","2018","Barbieri, Jacopo; Leonforte, Fabrizio; Colombo, Emanuela","Towards an holistic approach to energy access in humanitarian settings: the SET4food project from technology transfer to knowledge sharing","Journal of International Humanitarian Action","","2364-3404","10.1186/s41018-018-0038-3","https://doi.org/10.1186/s41018-018-0038-3","The increasing number of displaced people in the world not only requires rapid humanitarian actions, but also attention to host communities and a holistic and long-term vision. Energy has not been really considered a major topic in people displacement, yet, resulting in negative impacts on several aspects, including food security. New solutions are required, in terms of energy planning, technology development, and adaptation, as well as decision making, sensitization, training, and support to humanitarian actors. The Sustainable Energy Technologies for food security (SET4food) project phase 1 (2014–2015) developed a number of tools to support identification, adaptation, and introduction of appropriate solutions, tested some pilot innovations in critical areas, and promoted the enhancement of humanitarian response capability in the energy sector via an extensive capacity building program. In addition, a second phase of the project (2015–2018) fostered networking and collaboration between the main actors by developing an e-sharing platform, called ENERGYCoP, including a global not-for-profit community of practices for humanitarian professionals working in the energy sector. The platform may enable the shift from traditional “technological transfer” to a more participative approach on co-design and technological cooperation activated by a knowledge sharing mechanism. This paper outlines the main challenges and the achieved results of SET4food, providing recommendations for researchers and practitioners on the way forward.","2018-07-01","2023-03-21 15:24:48","2023-10-03 07:58:46","2023-03-21 15:24:47","11","","1","3","","Int J Humanitarian Action","Towards an holistic approach to energy access in humanitarian settings","","","","","","","en","","","","","Springer Link","","","The document ""Towards an holistic approach to energy access in humanitarian settings: the SET4food project from technology transfer to knowledge sharing"" outlines the SET4food project's approach to improving energy access in humanitarian settings.
The project aims to promote a holistic approach to energy access, which takes into account the interdependence of energy access with food security, nutrition, and health outcomes. The project focuses on technology transfer and knowledge sharing to promote the use of renewable energy sources in humanitarian settings, particularly in food processing and storage.
The document describes the implementation of the project in several countries and highlights key lessons learned, including the importance of stakeholder engagement and the need for context-specific solutions. The document also discusses the potential for scaling up the project to other humanitarian settings and the need for sustained funding and political commitment to promote long-term impacts.
Overall, the document underscores the importance of adopting a comprehensive and integrated approach to energy access in humanitarian settings to improve the overall well-being of crisis-affected communities.
In this reflective piece, the Humanitarian Engineering and Energy for Displacement (HEED) project explores how various capacity building exercises contributed to the impact of the project. There were a number of lines of inquiry:
• Instrumental: In what ways is HEED influencing policy, practice or service provision in the delivery of energy to displaced people?
• Conceptual: How is HEED contributing to a greater understanding of issues and reframing debates in the field of humanitarian energy and engineering?
• Capacity building: To what extent is the HEED project developing technical and personal skill-sets that increase self-reliance, self-determination and autonomy?
They key recommendations from the work were:
-
Build lines of communication between stakeholders around energy needs and aspirations as part of the design process, not separate from it.
-
Socio-technical solutions need to emerge from conversations with refugees,
IDPs, practitioners and other energy stakeholders.
-
Adopt a skills-based approach to improve energy access in the displaced setting.
-
Plan opportunities within the project for communities to gain skills during the design and production phases to support the sustainability of renewable energy interventions.
-
Acknowledge how project involvement is transformative personally and professionally for those working on the project.
- Recognise and record the teams ‘learning journey’ as an impact of the project. Be evidential about the extent to which the project aims can support and strengthen the project team’s skills and abilities.
The article argues that supporting local ownership is critical to the success and sustainability of humanitarian action. It emphasizes the importance of empowering local actors, including communities, civil society organizations, and governments, to take a leading role in designing, implementing, and monitoring humanitarian interventions. The article examines the challenges and opportunities of promoting local ownership, including power imbalances, cultural differences, and the need for capacity-building and institutional strengthening. It also highlights the benefits of local ownership, such as increased relevance, effectiveness, and accountability, and the potential for long-term impact. The article concludes by calling for a shift towards more participatory and locally-led humanitarian action that fosters collaboration, respect, and learning between local and international actors.
Its important to note that this resource was published in 2009 - whilst some of the outputs may still be relevant they must be viewed with caution given the significant changes in society since this article was published.
The purpose of this paper is to understand the barriers to inclusive energy planning, and draw out lessons from humani- tarian response programming in energy and other sectors, generating invaluable insights for the field of energy provision in refugee camps. Our analysis focuses on energy from renewable or sustainable sources, and on humanitarian responses in refugee camps. However, the lessons are likely to be applicable in a wider range of contexts.
The report provides a number of recommendations for sustainable humanitarian energy services:
- Energy technologies for the long term
- Refugees and local communities as agents of change
- Beneficiary agency and market-based solutions
The document ""The Methodologies, Geographies, and Technologies of Energy Justice: A Systematic and Comprehensive Review"" provides an extensive overview of the research on energy justice, including the methodologies, geographies, and technologies used in this field. The document defines energy justice as the equitable distribution of benefits and harms associated with energy production and consumption, and identifies several key themes that have emerged in energy justice research, including access to energy, energy affordability, and environmental justice. It discusses the various methodologies used to study energy justice, such as quantitative and qualitative approaches, and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary and participatory research. The document also examines the geographical scope of energy justice research, with a focus on both developed and developing countries, and discusses the ways in which energy justice intersects with issues of race, class, and gender. It further explores the role of technology in energy justice, including both the potential benefits and drawbacks of various energy technologies. The document ultimately argues for a more comprehensive and integrated approach to energy justice research that takes into account the multiple dimensions and complexities of this field.
Energy justice is a topic that humanitarian energy practitioners have little engagement with. Whilst it shared similarities with the “do no harm” approach, conceptualizations of energy justice step past this minimum standard approach to embrace the complexities of complex problems in the context of energy justice. This also links into knowledge hierarchies and concepts of knowledge/knowing which are dominated by global north institutions - understandings of justice from alternative knowledge centers are key for effective and meaningful knowledge sharing (and thus co-design methodologies)
The report identifies gaps in the evidence base and highlights the need for further research to better understand how behavioral science can be effectively applied to development interventions. The report includes a mapping of existing research in this field, categorizing interventions based on the behavioral science principles that underpin them.
The report finds that behavioral science can be a useful tool in designing and implementing development interventions, particularly in areas such as agriculture, health, and finance. The report highlights the importance of understanding the context-specific factors that influence behavior and tailoring interventions accordingly.
The EGM findings indicate that while there is limited evidence, the interventions most frequently evaluated include reminders, feedback, micro-incentives, salience of communication, commitment devices, experience design, goal setting, rules of thumb, social norms, and social benchmarking. However, there is a lack of extensive evidence for broader interventions such as planning prompts, group incentives, public commitments, framing devices, checklists, lotteries, defaults, interventions to reduce hassles, identity priming, anchoring, active choice, and cognitive behavioral therapy interventions.
The article argues that inclusive policymaking is necessary to provide opportunities for financial independence and resilience to women migrants. It highlights the challenges faced by migrant women in accessing financial services and the need for policymakers to recognize their contributions to the economy. The article suggests several policy measures, including the promotion of financial literacy, the provision of accessible financial services, and the recognition of informal work. It concludes that by adopting inclusive policies, policymakers can empower migrant women and contribute to building more inclusive and sustainable societies.
This article summaries the book - White Saviorism in International Development: Theories, Practices and Lived Experiences - to provide readers with quick high level summaries of each topic area. This is a topic that we must critically engage with if conducting meaningful co-design processes and methods.
The article explores the concept of a paradigm shift in the aid system and suggests a series of ""what if"" questions to guide this transformation. These questions challenge the current assumptions and structures of the aid system and offer new ideas for creating more effective and equitable approaches to humanitarian assistance.
The article proposes questions such as ""What if aid was designed and delivered in partnership with crisis-affected communities?"" and ""What if aid was focused on addressing the root causes of crises, rather than just responding to the symptoms?"" These questions encourage a shift towards more participatory and community-centered approaches to humanitarian aid.
The article also discusses the need for greater diversity and inclusion in the aid system, and proposes questions such as ""What if aid organizations actively recruited and supported staff from the global South?"" and ""What if aid organizations prioritized local and regional organizations as partners?""
Overall, the article highlights the need for a fundamental shift in the way humanitarian aid is designed and delivered, and provides a set of thought-provoking questions to guide this transformation.
This paper provides a detailed introduction to the topic of camp abolition. Whilst this concept is often overlooked by many humanitarians it is central to building safe, humane, and viable futures for communities on the move.
Written by and form CARE practitioners, the CARE Emergency Toolkit is an online resource that provides information and guidance for humanitarian workers responding to emergencies and disasters. It includes practical tools, such as checklists and templates, as well as advice on best practices for emergency response. The toolkit covers various sectors, including water, sanitation, and hygiene, shelter, and health, among others. It also offers guidance on topics such as gender and diversity, community engagement, and protection. Overall, the CARE Emergency Toolkit is a comprehensive and practical resource for humanitarian workers to support effective emergency response.
The toolkit contains a participation section - https://www.careemergencytoolkit.org/topics-issues/4-participation/ - that contains minimum standards for participation. This checklist outlines activities before, during, and after the assessment, design, implementation, distribution, and monitoring phases.
This toolkit links to the ANLAP Handbook for Participation, The Sphere Project, and the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership.
Pocketbook summary here - https://www.careemergencytoolkit.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/CARE-pocketbook-online-version-reduced4.pdf
The SCALE Readiness Diagnostic is a tool designed by Spring Impact to help social organizations assess their readiness to scale their impact. The tool assesses a range of factors that are critical for scaling impact, including leadership, strategy, financial management, governance, and organizational culture.
The diagnostic includes a series of questions and statements that prompt organizations to reflect on their current strengths and weaknesses in relation to these factors, and to identify areas for improvement. The tool provides a scorecard that allows organizations to track their progress over time, and to identify areas where they need to focus their efforts to improve their scale readiness.
The document ""The Meanings of Humanitarian Innovation: Reflections from the Community-Led Innovation Partnership using a postcolonial lens"" discusses the concept of humanitarian innovation and its implications for communities affected by crises. The document examines the discourse of humanitarian innovation from a postcolonial perspective, highlighting the power dynamics and underlying assumptions that shape the way innovation is conceived and implemented in the humanitarian sector. It argues that the dominant discourse of humanitarian innovation often reflects a Western-centric, technocratic approach that fails to adequately engage with local knowledge, needs, and capacities. The document presents the findings of a community-led innovation partnership that sought to challenge this dominant discourse by involving affected communities in the innovation process. It discusses the challenges and opportunities of this approach and emphasizes the importance of centering the perspectives and agency of affected communities in humanitarian innovation. The document ultimately calls for a more critical and reflexive approach to humanitarian innovation that recognizes the complexity and diversity of contexts and perspectives in which it operates.
An article which presents the lived experience of the first and only female CEO of an international refugee rights organization in the context of a colonialist and racist humanitarian system.
“For transformative change to happen, more people in the sector have to do the hard work of examining their biases, prejudices, positioning, and privileges.”
Collection of thinking tools and frameworks to help you solve problems, make decisions and understand systems.
This article evaluates the effectiveness of a participatory action research project that used Photovoice as a tool to empower marginalized communities. Photovoice is a participatory method that involves participants taking photographs that reflect their experiences and perspectives on a particular issue. The study found that Photovoice was effective in promoting empowerment by providing participants with a platform to express their views, engage in critical dialogue, and advocate for change. The article highlights the potential of Photovoice to support social and political transformation by enabling marginalized communities to challenge power imbalances and promote their rights and interests. The study concludes that Photovoice has significant transformative potential and can be used as a tool for social justice and empowerment in a range of contexts.
Participatory mapping is a general term used to define a set of approaches and techniques that combines the tools of modern cartography with participatory methods to record and represent the spatial knowledge of local communities.
The Partnership Co-Design Toolkit (P.ACT) is a resource for organizations that want to establish and manage effective partnerships. The toolkit provides a step-by-step guide for co-designing partnerships, starting from the identification of potential partners, to designing the partnership, implementing it, and evaluating its impact. The P.ACT also offers a range of practical tools, such as checklists, templates, and case studies, to support the partnership development process. The toolkit emphasizes the importance of co-designing partnerships, which involves engaging partners in the design and decision-making processes to ensure that the partnership meets the needs and objectives of all parties involved.
The PDF titled ""The Good Enough Guide: Impact Measurement and Accountability in Emergencies"" is a draft version of a handbook developed by ALNAP (Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Action) to provide guidance on impact measurement and accountability in emergency contexts. The handbook is divided into three parts: planning for impact measurement, implementing impact measurement, and using and sharing impact information. Each part includes several chapters that cover specific topics related to impact measurement, such as selecting appropriate indicators, data collection methods, and stakeholder engagement. The handbook also includes case studies and examples to illustrate how impact measurement and accountability have been applied in different emergency contexts. The aim of the handbook is to support organizations in improving their impact measurement and accountability practices in emergency contexts, and to ultimately improve the effectiveness of humanitarian action.
However, given this document was published in 2000 whilst many of the concepts presented here are similar to current challenges, the solutions presented are somewhat out of date.
This article provides a high level overview of the clean cooking sector and suggests a number of recommendations on how to unlock faster pathways to the completion of the sustainable development goals.
- Integration Clean cooking for all must be integrated into national policies and planning for energy, climate, and COVID-19 recovery.
- Investments A dramatic scale-up in both public and private investments is needed to implement clean-cooking strategies and action plans to achieve on-the-ground results.
- Innovation Catalysts are needed to spur market innovations that can deliver affordable clean-cooking solutions at scale.
- Impacts Achieving development impacts requires adopting human-centred approaches aligned with both diverse user needs and broader development objectives (e.g., climate, health, gender, jobs, and sustainable livelihoods).
-
Inclusiveness The approaches adopted must ensure inclusiveness by addressing the needs of poor, vulnerable, fragile, and displaced populations, as well as engaging and empowering women across the clean-cooking value
chains.
These recommendations place clean cooking users at the center a “series of concentric circles, with end users at its center and market shapers, supply and demand-side actors, and adjacent sectors and development areas situated within the surrounding inner and outer circles.”
The report provides case studies of various projects undertaken by Shell in different regions of the world, such as solar-powered mini-grids in rural Tanzania, clean cookstoves in Nigeria, and renewable energy solutions in South Africa. These projects aim to provide a range of sustainable and affordable energy solutions to communities and help improve their socio-economic status. Throughout these projects there is a focus on market based approaches to energy access where technological solutions, locally led businesses, host government support, financial models (such as results based financing), and subsidies combine to create an enabling environment for multiple high quality modern, reliable, and sustainable energy systems and services.
Full report is behind pay wall.
Behavioral settings theory is a social psychology theory that emphasizes the importance of the physical and social environment in shaping human behavior. The theory suggests that behavior is not only influenced by individual characteristics such as personality and attitudes, but also by the context in which it occurs.
According to the theory, behavior is influenced by three components of the behavioral setting: physical, social, and organizational. The physical component includes the physical environment in which behavior occurs, such as the layout of a room or the design of a building. The social component refers to the social context in which behavior occurs, such as the presence or absence of other people and the norms and expectations that govern behavior. The organizational component refers to the rules, regulations, and policies that govern behavior.
The theory also suggests that behavior is influenced by the fit between the individual and the behavioral setting. A good fit between the individual and the setting results in behavior that is consistent with the setting's goals and expectations, while a poor fit can lead to noncompliance and even counterproductive behavior.
Behavioral settings theory has been applied in a variety of settings, such as schools, hospitals, and workplaces, to understand and improve behavior. The theory suggests that interventions that modify the physical, social, or organizational components of a behavioral setting can lead to changes in behavior.
This paper promoted the “Hanging Out” methodology which champions the spending of intentional and extended time with the focus groups of qualitative research studies.
This report provides the basis for ESMAPS Multi-tier framework for Energy Access (MTF). As stated by ESMAP, “The MTF captures specific data that allows governments to identify and understand energy access gaps and develop potential solutions to improve energy services. The MTF identifies and analyzes the main reasons why households are not using electricity, or why their usage is limited (i.e. by capacity, reliability or affordability issues), and then recommends a set of measures to remove such constraints. MTF, therefore, not only allows for a nuanced tracking of SDG 7 targets, but also helps governments fine-tune their policies and approaches for reaching them.”
Important definitions:
Direct implementation: where an organisation receives funding from the donor and directly implements the activities in the target areas or with target communities.
Intermediary role: where an organisation, network or mechanism acts as an intermediary between donors and national or local implementing organisations through provision of funding or other support.
This report looks to redefine the roles of intermediaries in humanitarian action in order to unlock more effective locally led responses. The studies take a behavioral science approach to identify the barriers that currently restrict intermediaries supporting locally led responses. The key findings are:
-
The existing role of intermediaries needs to fundamentally shift to better support locally led action.
a. The balance of direct implementation and intermediary roles for organisations not local
to context needs to shift.
b. The role of the intermediary, when requested or required, needs to be more appropriate and accountable.
-
Barriers preventing change are currently far more powerful than the triggers that will motivate change.
- Change is required in three key areas to achieve a more effective future role for intermediaries.
“The humanitarian system is not accountable at the collective level to the communities it serves.” (page 1)
The report highlights the importance of understanding local contexts and power dynamics in designing effective CCE approaches. It identifies the need for strategies that can address diverse communication preferences and access to technology, especially in low-resource settings.
The report also highlights challenges in implementing collective approaches, such as limited resources, competing priorities, and difficulties in measuring the impact of CCE interventions. It recommends a more flexible, adaptive, and participatory approach to CCE, one that can address local needs and contextual challenges.
This report stresses the importance of inter-sector response and engaging all key stakeholders in the response planning, implementation and evaluation. Reflection is NOT M&E, its about “accountability, participation and a right to information” - closing the feedback loop. However, methods of engagement are limited to participant feedback not co-creation. i.e. not putting the priorities of the affected individuals and communities above organizational priorities. Unfortunately, ego and competition often outweighing the perceived benefits of collective approaches to communication and community engagement.
The report discusses the Research Collaborations on Community Energy Resilience in Low-Income Countries Project, which aimed to address resilience at a community level in sustainable energy systems. Three workshops were held in the UK, Nepal, and Malawi to facilitate knowledge exchange and establish working relationships between academics, policy-makers, and practitioners. Participants discussed technical innovations, governance and planning processes, and the interconnection between energy system and community resilience. The workshops identified three research themes: energy system design to improve resilience, the role of community in ensuring resilience, and the role of energy systems in community resilience. The report highlights the need for further research in these areas.
The document discusses the challenges related to cooking in displacement settings, where people are forced to leave their homes due to conflict, disaster, or other reasons. It highlights the health, environmental, and economic impacts of cooking with traditional fuels, such as firewood and charcoal, which are often the only options available in these settings. The document also presents some of the innovative market based solutions that are being developed to address these challenges across the clean cooking, solar cooking, and biogas sectors. The authors argue that there “is significant potential for private-sector engagement in this context – which, though largely overlooked to date, could result in win-win scenarios for all stakeholders”.
This document draws on a number of case studies from the Moving Energy Initiative.
Full article behind pay wall.
A case study of the application of the domestication framework.
This paper shows how technologies and societies co-evolve through space a time - critical also for the energy sector with changing wants, needs, and aspirations comes a changing technological need.
The document titled ""Energy and Displacement: 8 Objects, 8 Stories"" is a report by the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) program at Chatham House. The report highlights the impact of energy projects on displacement in the MENA region. It presents eight case studies from different countries, demonstrating how energy infrastructure projects have led to forced displacement of local communities. The report identifies a lack of consideration for social and environmental impacts in energy projects and calls for more responsible and sustainable energy development practices that prioritize the well-being of affected communities.
These are the key takeaways:
- Taking people’s existing knowledge and energy practices into account would, one
might expect, already be central to the design of humanitarian interventions. Yet dominant approaches to energy access continue to marginalize questions about what people actually use energy for in daily life. - People’s resourcefulness in providing for their energy needs in both camps demonstrates the opposite of a culture of dependency.
- Humanitarian energy interventions need to address ‘end of life’ issues for technology, equipment and materials.
- Labelling conventional fuels and energy practices as ‘dirty’ or, worse, ‘primitive’ clouds the understanding of the social and cultural significance that underpin them.
With a focus on a “total energy access” (TEA) approach, Practical Action and partners provide primary data and analysis from the Renewable Energy for Refugees (RE4R) project, which is focused on three camps in Malawi. The key findings from the report are:
- Access to electricity and lighting in refugee households is low and below the targets set by the government of Rwanda.
- Solar home systems provide an average of four hours of lighting in the evenings, 45 minutes more than solar lanterns and 90 minutes more than non-electrical sources such as candles.
- More than three quarters of households rely primarily on basic three-stone fires, mud stoves, and firewood
for their cooking needs. - Firewood was the primary source of cooking fuel in the
vast majority of households, although the changes in fuel distribution in the camps since the assessments were carried out may significantly change this. - A lack of cooking resources, particularly firewood, results in the majority of households using coping mechanisms to get by.
- Women spend more than three hours per day on cooking
and related activities, four times longer than men. - Three-quarters of businesses in the camps use some form of electricity.
- Both households and enterprises expressed a need for electricity services that could be provided by solar home systems.
- When asked whether it was more important to address domestic, business, or communal energy needs, households reported that domestic energy needs were of the highest priority.
- There is a stark contrast in the levels of energy access between camp institutions and facilities that have connections to the camp minigrids and those that do not.
-
The camp minigrids provide a high level of electricity access to the community facilities connected to them, but rely on carbon-
intensive sources of power.
- Opportunities to access higher levels of power for livelihood activities are severely limited in the current setup of the camps.
4 barriers to implementing academic research in the humanitarian setting: time pressures, funding constraints, lack of relevance to humanitarian pratice, lack of relevance to humanitarian actors in the global south. Six areas for action: partnerships, global south leadership. evidence brokering, research translation and application, humanitarian data, humanitarian leadership. Importance of evidence based action.
","/Users/benrobinson/Zotero/storage/EJ5S58AC/elrha - 2021 - From knowing to doing evidence use in the humanit.pdf","","PROJECT STEP: Design; USEFUL FOR: UN/INGO; USEFUL FOR: NGO/Other; PROJECT STEP: Implementation; PROJECT STEP: M&E; USEFUL FOR: Community; ACCESS: Open Access; BASIC TOOLS","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
-"U7X28J53","journalArticle","2004","Rodgers, G.","Hanging out with forced migrants: methodological and ethical challenges","Forced migration review","","","","https://www.fmreview.org/return-reintegration/rodgers","","2004","2023-03-31 08:02:43","2023-10-03 07:55:20","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","The article discusses the methodological and ethical challenges of conducting research with forced migrants. The author highlights the importance of building trust and rapport with participants, as well as being sensitive to the power dynamics and vulnerabilities that forced migrants may face.
The article examines different methods of engaging with forced migrants, including participant observation, interviewing, and focus groups. The author acknowledges the limitations and advantages of each method. The article then focused on the “hanging out” methodology which looks to capture everyday interactions through the informal and interpersonal.
This is in response to the multitude of ethical issues that arise when conducting research with forced migrants, such as informed consent, confidentiality, and the potential for harm and the importance of respecting participants' autonomy and agency, to ensuring that research does not exacerbate existing power imbalances.
The article highlights the importance of analytical decision tools and methods in the energy sector for sustainable operations and developments. However, it notes that energy decision-making in the context of protracted and displaced settlements is largely unexplored. Energy decision-making involves evaluating social, technical, environmental, and economic criteria, but there may be a lack of information regarding the energy needs and aspirations of different communities. The additional complexities and challenges of managing energy provision in refugee camps and settlements require decision support tools to provide a more systematic and objective assessment of the factors that should inform energy provision in contexts of displacement.
This paper presents the the Renewable Energy Recommendation (RERT) tool. RERT is a decision support tool developed to assist stakeholders in making informed decisions about renewable energy projects. The tool takes into account a range of criteria, including technical feasibility, economic viability, environmental sustainability, and social impact.
RERT uses a multi-criteria decision analysis approach that considers the preferences and priorities of different stakeholders, as well as the potential trade-offs between different criteria. The tool generates a set of recommended renewable energy options based on the input of stakeholders and the criteria considered.
RERT is designed to be flexible and adaptable to different contexts, including rural and urban areas, and can be used at different stages of the project development cycle. The tool can be used by a range of stakeholders, including governments, NGOs, and community organizations, to identify and evaluate renewable energy options that meet their specific needs and goals.
Awareness + Capacity Building = self sustained business. Eight Case studies in the HE sector. Good background on HE. Insights based on interviews with project teams, not end-users? p.26 - results based financing for displaced settings.
Ethics of building market systems for vulnerable communities? What does hollistic approaches mean? Considerable income? Lots of talk, not much action.
This report by ODI provides the most comprehensive literature review on localization. It engages with a number of key thematic areas of interest, these are; an overview of the literature and evidence base on localisation, understandings, measurements and approaches of localisation, implication and impact on quality and value for money of humanitarian assistance and outcomes, drivers of change towards localisation, challenges, risks and obstacles to localisation, and the role of donors and diplomatic actors in promoting effective humanitarian response through more local humanitarian action.
The report provides a number of strategic recommendations for donors:
- Work collectively with other donors
- Develop a risk-sharing agenda
- Support and invest in the development of equitable, ethical and quality partnerships
- Increase the quality and quantity of funding going to local actors
- Invest in coordinated and bottom-up capacity-sharing
With two strategic and practical actions:
- Link localisation with the humanitarian–development–peace nexus
- Build evidence, evaluate impact and reshape the research agenda on localisation
The document outlines a framework for operationalizing collective outcomes in the context of humanitarian action. It describes collective outcomes as a collaborative approach to addressing complex humanitarian challenges that require coordinated action by multiple actors. The document provides practical guidance on how to develop, implement, and monitor collective outcomes, including the importance of engaging stakeholders and aligning interventions with collective priorities. It also highlights the need for flexibility and adaptability in the implementation of collective outcomes to respond to changing contexts and emerging needs. The document concludes that collective outcomes can help to improve the effectiveness and impact of humanitarian action by promoting collaboration, coordination, and accountability.
The key steps to collective action are:
- GET TO KNOW THE ‘LAY OF THE LAND’ FOR COLLECTIVE OUTCOMES
- ENSURE DECISIVE LEADERSHIP AND STRONG CAPACITY TO SUPPORT
- ANALYZE EXISTING DATA TO DEFINE PRIORITY AREAS
- ARTICULATE COLLECTIVE OUTCOMES
- OPERATIONALIZE COLLECTIVE OUTCOMES – PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
- HARMONIZE RESOURCES AND FINANCING
- MONITORING AND ACCOUNTABILITY
To explore how geography influences sanitation sustainability, specifically the management of waste. In test area corruption stunted development of sustainable latrines. The latrines did not stay improved for long - no capital to sustain the upkeep and the emptying of septic tanks (large downstream expenses). Fall into disrepair and latrines are either hared by multiple households (up to 8) or OD practices occur. Seasonal flooding can cause reclassification. of. a latrine. system - improved to basic etc. Urban settlements and slums are not are not considered in official data collection - gross underestimations occur. Evaluation methods are not detailed enough - causing incorrect results by UNICEF/WHO. Paper questions methods and suggests alternatives.
An outline of the 5 core qualitative research methods of inquiry.
Considering the technological solutions is also another aspect of co-design. This paper argues that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to develop an energy demand modeling framework and assess the implementation of alternative power supply systems (including techno- economic analysis and discussing the challenges and barriers to adoption in the specific context) to have sustainable and inclusive energy solutions in humanitarian settings. Specific context here is a critical variable, where in co-design process considering a specific local context could make the co-design process and implementation sustainable and effective.
The paper discusses the challenges faced in providing sustainable energy solutions in refugee camps, where standardized fossil-dependent solutions are mostly used. The authors propose a multi-disciplinary methodology to develop an energy demand modeling framework for refugee camps with Tier 0 and assess the implementation of alternative power supply systems (including techno- economic analysis and discussing the challenges and barriers to adoption in the specific context). The modeling is performed for Mantapala refugee camp in Zambia using HOMER software. Results indicate that implementing hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) is viable techno-economically, reducing energy costs up to half with paybacks lower than five years. However, non-technical constraints such as uncertainty, lack of funding, and difficulties in risk-sharing collaborations may hinder the adoption of these systems. The study highlights the importance of accurate information on energy demand needs and the inefficiency of current power supply solutions found in refugee camps, and proposes a more sustainable and cost-effective approach, which is relevant to humanitarian aid organizations seeking to improve the sustainability of energy systems in displaced settings. The authors concluded that implementing HRES in refugee camps is feasible and can bring significant CO2 emissions savings, but requires organizational changes, such as developing tailored business models for HRES in refugee camps.
The European Commission's document ""Technological innovation for humanitarian aid and assistance"" discusses the potential of new technologies to improve humanitarian aid delivery and assistance in crises. The document highlights the importance of collaboration between humanitarian organizations and tech companies to develop innovative solutions that address complex humanitarian challenges. It discusses various technologies such as drones, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and mobile applications, and their potential applications in humanitarian contexts. The document also emphasizes the need for responsible and ethical use of technology in humanitarian aid, and the importance of ensuring that vulnerable populations are not further marginalized through the deployment of technology.
The document also highlights that technological innovation can enable increased opportunities for local ownership and engagement. However, given the positioning of the paper with innovation as a technical challenge (rather than an tool for ecosystems change) this focus on local ownership and engagement may be a secondary concern to the technical enabling enviroment for innovation.
The recommendations in this report (and summarised below) are intended to support a clearer focus, a stronger function and a simpler format for the Grand Bargain 2.0.
- Clarify the theory of change and plan of action, including ambitious but achievable and measurable targets.
- Enable better quality, flexible and predictable funding.
- Increase support for local responders, with a focus on fairer and more appropriate distribution of leadership and decision-making.
- Realise the participation revolution and move to a more demand-driven humanitarian response.
- Shift tactics – adopt a ‘caucus’ approach to tackle the most acute or sensitive political obstacles to progress.
- Increase outreach to local governmental and non-governmental actors.
- Reinforce leadership and governance to enable a more explicitly political function for the Grand Bargain 2.0.
- Simplify the coordination structures and bureaucracy around the Grand Bargain to ensure greater efficiency and focus.
- Strengthen accountability, with a wider understanding of who signatories are accountable to, including affected populations and taxpayers in donor countries.
The sections on localization are relevant to how element of co-design are implemented from “funding” and “power structure redefinition” perspectives.
The foundational paper for behavior change in WASH - this has real application in the energy sector.
Low-cost technologies have the potential to facilitate significant chance in the WASH sector. By blending the technological and socio-cultural, behavioral change models have the potential to significantly increase the sustainability of technological interventions.
This paper provides the most comprehensive systematic review of current behavioral change methodologies (summarized in table).
The resulting Integrated Behavioural Model for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (IBM-WASH) - integrates contextual, physco-social and technology factors. IBM-WASH is a synthesis of other methods, building on existing research to create a more thorough model. This model does not focus on one group, it manages to transcend the individual level and can be used at the community or on a national level. This model is accessible to practitioners and adaptable for a range of sectors - including humanitarian energy.
The document ""The Lived Experience of Energy and Forced Displacement"" examines the impacts of energy projects on communities who are forcibly displaced from their homes. It presents the findings of a research project that involved interviews with individuals who have been displaced due to energy-related projects in different parts of the world. The document discusses the negative impacts of displacement on individuals' lives, including loss of livelihoods, social disruption, and psychological distress. It also highlights the ways in which energy projects can exacerbate existing inequalities and lead to further marginalization of displaced communities. The document emphasizes the need for energy companies and policymakers to take into account the lived experiences of displaced communities and to prioritize the protection of their human rights. It calls for a more participatory and community-centered approach to energy development that respects the rights and needs of affected communities.
""The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research"" is a comprehensive guide to qualitative research methods and practices. It includes contributions from experts in the field and covers a wide range of topics, including epistemological and theoretical foundations of qualitative research, research design, data collection and analysis techniques, and ethical considerations. The handbook also provides insights into emerging trends and debates in qualitative research, such as the use of digital technologies and the role of the researcher's identity and positionality in the research process. The handbook emphasizes the importance of reflexivity and transparency in qualitative research, and encourages researchers to critically reflect on their own biases and assumptions. Overall, it serves as a valuable resource for both novice and experienced qualitative researchers seeking to deepen their understanding of the field and improve their research practices.
Paper on mitigating the unintended consequences of technological interventions in low income environments when establishing, implementing and evaluating transdisciplinary research.
The article ""Transdisciplinary research: Exploring impact, knowledge, and quality in the early stages of a sustainable development project"" discusses the importance of transdisciplinary research in sustainable development projects. The article provides an overview of a case study on a sustainable development project in Colombia and highlights the benefits of transdisciplinary research in the early stages of the project.
The article describes the process of engaging stakeholders from diverse disciplines and sectors in the project, emphasizing the importance of building trust and understanding among participants. The authors discuss the challenges of conducting transdisciplinary research, including the need for clear communication and the potential for power imbalances among participants.
The article concludes by highlighting the potential benefits of transdisciplinary research, including the creation of new knowledge and the promotion of more sustainable and equitable outcomes. The authors call for continued investment in transdisciplinary research and the development of frameworks and methodologies to support effective collaboration and knowledge sharing among diverse stakeholders in sustainable development projects.
This paper gives a first insight on humanitarian energy ecosystems co-design from theory to practice. From my search of resources on co-design in humanitarian energy context, this paper is the one I found that defines co-design in humanitarian energy context and gives a first insight in the spectrum of co-design.
This paper focuses on the importance of energy access for displaced communities and how co-design methods can be used in the humanitarian energy sector to integrate the needs of affected populations in the energy system design, delivery, and evaluation process. The authors conduct a rapid review of relevant literature and develop the Spectrum of Co-Design to map different conceptualizations of co-design and their interactions. The study presented the Humanitarian Engineering and Energy for Displacement (HEED) project as a co-design case study, which highlights the importance of building trusting partnerships through meaningful rectification pathways and addressing misconceptions of energy access and use. The study recommends developing new co-design methods to connect different sectors and future-proof energy systems, moving away from siloed sub-sectors of humanitarian energy. Utilizing co-design frameworks like TIME can aid in the co-production of energy programs with all key stakeholders involved and create trusting and equitable partnerships. However, the study emphasizes that acknowledging failures, iterative course correction, and developing a deep understanding of complex contextual factors are necessary for sustained impact in the humanitarian energy ecosystems. Overall, the paper stresses the need for co-design methods that prioritize the needs and perspectives of affected populations and foster collaborative partnerships across sectors to effectively address the lack of energy access in displaced communities.
The MIT D-lab Co-Creation Toolkit for Humanitarian Innovation is a resource designed to support students studies at the D-Lab in developing innovative solutions to complex challenges. The toolkit provides a step-by-step guide to the co-creation process, which involves working closely with communities and other stakeholders to develop solutions that are tailored to their needs and context.
The toolkit consists of several modules, each of which provides guidance on a specific aspect of the co-creation process, such as multi-stakeholder mapping, analysis, and planning exercises; reflection and introspection exercises to understand personal biases and working styles; mindset exercises to create an appropriate environment for co-creation; team building tools to build mutual respect and relationships between stakeholders; co-creation simulations with real-time feedback and analysis tools to evaluate and critique the process; sketch modeling and other three-dimensional representational techniques; and facilitation capacity-building activities.
The toolkit emphasizes the importance of building strong partnerships with communities and other stakeholders, and it provides guidance on how to build trust and foster collaboration. It also emphasizes the importance of taking a participatory and iterative approach to the co-creation process, which involves testing and refining solutions based on feedback from communities and other stakeholders.
The goal of the project, ""Building a Better Response: Strengthening Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Capacity and Engagement in the International Humanitarian Coordination System,"" is to enhance the ability of national and international NGO personnel and other humanitarian actors to engage with the international humanitarian coordination system. This aims to improve overall coordination and response to meet the needs of affected populations. The project is funded by the US Agency for International Development Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance and is implemented through a consortium comprising operational and technical expertise. The initiative is led by International Medical Corps in collaboration with Concern Worldwide and the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative.
This platform provides basic training for practitioners who are new to the humanitarians system.
The Participation for Humanitarian Innovation (P4HI) toolkit is a resource designed to support humanitarian organizations in engaging affected communities in innovation processes. The toolkit provides practical guidance on how to involve affected communities in problem-solving, design, and decision-making processes through different participatory methods. It emphasizes the importance of meaningful and respectful engagement that promotes collaboration, co-creation, and empowerment. The P4HI toolkit includes a range of participatory methods, such as focus group discussions, participatory mapping, and community feedback mechanisms, as well as guidance on how to adapt these methods to different contexts and cultures. The toolkit aims to help organizations improve the relevance, effectiveness, and sustainability of their humanitarian interventions by leveraging the knowledge and expertise of affected communities.
Whilst this article is not specific to co-design one of the ‘four ways’ remains relevant to the wider processes of co-design - “Identify local organisations in crisis response”
Identifying and supporting local NGOs is crucial for international groups, but it can be time-consuming and challenging. ChatGPT, an AI language model, can help by generating lists of grassroots organizations based on prompts like ""women-led local organizations in Syria."" However, ChatGPT comes with biases and limitations, and it may miss truly local organizations that lack an online presence. While ChatGPT is not a solution to the power imbalances in the aid sector, it provides a starting point for identifying potential partners for crisis response. The AI's help can be useful if humanitarians are serious about creating more just and effective emergency responses.
The other ‘ways’ are; Create content to amplify local voices, navigate complex funding mazes, and minimise legal and administration costs that slow action.
Based on the best available research, standards, and practices across Europe, this handbook guides humanitarian practitioners through the process of creating inclusive programmatic decisions that are relevant to their working context. This handbook was validated through a two year testing period across seven countries.
“Our goal was to create a toolkit that builds on the practical experiences of municipal authorities and local actors in translating national policies into solutions such as appropriate housing, access to documentation and social and economic inclusion. These solutions work best when refugees are fully included in their design and development.”
The Inclusive Participation Toolbox is your guide to understand what meaningful participation of persons with disabilities and their representative organisations (ODPs) means and how to achieve it in a sustainable way.
The document titled ""Inclusion and exclusion in humanitarian action: findings from a three-year study"" presents the findings of a study conducted to examine the inclusion and exclusion of forcibly displaced people in humanitarian action.
The study found that despite some positive efforts, forcibly displaced people continue to face significant challenges in accessing humanitarian services and participating in decision-making processes. The report identifies a range of factors that contribute to exclusion, including discriminatory policies and practices, lack of access to information, and limited opportunities for meaningful participation.
The study also highlights the importance of taking a more context-specific approach to inclusion and exclusion, as different factors may be more or less relevant in different settings. The report suggests that humanitarian actors need to work more closely with forcibly displaced people and their communities to better understand their needs and preferences.
The recommendations are:
- Adopt strong inclusion policies and inclusive humanitarian policies at global and organisational level.
- Rebalance humanitarian responses towards quality and equity.
- Adopt strategic indicators and approaches to operationalise impartiality in humanitarian responses through clear response-level strategies and definitions of success
- Address the fragmented nature of inclusion through more intersectional approaches and greater collaboration by adopting more holistic and joined-up approaches to guidance, training and specialised programming; more collective work and advocacy around common challenges undermining inclusion
- Ensure sufficient resources and capacity exist to support inclusion at an operational level through leadership-level commitments to mainstreaming inclusion within humanitarian organisations.
- Inform inclusive responses by adopting a rights-based understanding of needs and vulnerabilities
- Track exclusion in humanitarian response as part of a renewed commitment to effective impartiality.
- Uphold participation and accountability as a right for all people in crisis.
- Centre the role of local actors in supporting more inclusive responses
- Strengthen links between humanitarian inclusion and the ‘nexus’.
This report offers a ‘state of play’ assessment of progress on gender responsiveness to date, and makes recommendations for funding, designing and delivering better for people of all genders.
The document titled ""Inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action: The good, the bad and the ugly"" by the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) is a report that assesses the inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action. The report highlights the good practices that have been adopted to promote inclusion, as well as the challenges and gaps that need to be addressed. The report argues that persons with disabilities are often left behind in humanitarian responses, despite being disproportionately affected by crises. It identifies several factors that contribute to this, including inaccessible infrastructure, lack of disability-specific data, and limited disability expertise among humanitarian actors. The report also provides recommendations for improving the inclusion of persons with disabilities, such as promoting disability-inclusive programming and investing in disability expertise. Overall, the report highlights the importance of addressing the needs and rights of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action to ensure that they are not left behind in times of crisis.
""The Two Worlds of Humanitarian Innovation"" is an article that discusses the contrasting perspectives and approaches to humanitarian innovation within the humanitarian sector. The article argues that there are two distinct ""worlds"" of humanitarian innovation: the more formal top-down approaches, and the more informal community led approaches.
As outlined in the paper, “Attempting to move beyond the rhetoric of ‘bottom-up’ language, this paper has begun to elaborate what bottom-up innovation means in general, and for the humanitarian context in particular. In order to do so, it has surveyed a range of relevant literature from different disciplinary perspectives, most notably innovation theory, design theory, and participatory methods. In each case, it has highlighted the strengths and weaknesses in what these perspectives have to offer, integrating them as a way of beginning to think through a practical framework and research agenda through which to advance bottom-up humanitarian innovation that might be applied to the emergency phase, protracted crises, and recovery, in ways that draw directly upon the skills, aspirations, and entrepreneurship of so-called beneficiary communities.”
The document discusses the importance of supporting intermediaries that facilitate the growth of informal economies in refugee communities. It argues that formal economic structures often do not cater to the needs of refugees and their informal businesses. The document highlights several intermediaries that support informal economies, including microfinance institutions, social enterprises, and NGOs. It suggests that by supporting these intermediaries, policymakers can help to unlock the potential of refugee economies and create more sustainable and inclusive communities.
These 5 actions are critical to engaging with informal systems:
- Supporting and investing in intermediaries that work with informal refugee businesses.
- Recognizing the importance of informal economies in refugee communities and creating policies that support their growth.
- Encouraging collaboration between formal and informal sectors to create more inclusive and sustainable economies.
- Investing in education and training programs that help refugees develop their skills and increase their economic opportunities.
- Conducting research to better understand the needs and challenges of informal economies in refugee communities.
Key findings are:
- The use of various channels and local languages is critical.
- There is need for further awareness on available energy sources.
- End user training on proper wiring and safe use of electrical appliances is important.
- PUE appliance vendors are willing to supply specific products on demand.
- Inclusion of VSLAs training as part of PUE promotion is critical.
- Unlock other financing services to support growth in PUE.
- Opportunity to increase PUE uptake through vendor knowledge on O&M.
The Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) is a programme of work focusing on the social dimensions of emergency responses.
The document titled ""Minimum Quality Standards and Indicators for Early Childhood Development (ECD) Programs in Humanitarian Settings"" by UNICEF MENA provides a framework for ensuring that ECD programs in humanitarian settings meet minimum quality standards. The report identifies four main domains for ECD programs: health, nutrition, child protection, and early learning. Each domain is further broken down into standards and indicators, which are measurable goals that can be used to assess the quality of ECD programs. The report also provides guidance on how to implement and monitor these standards and indicators, as well as recommendations for improving ECD programs in humanitarian settings. Overall, the report aims to ensure that ECD programs in humanitarian settings meet minimum quality standards and provide young children with the best possible start in life.
This report seeks to ensure the meaningful integration of community engagement standards in all aspects of community engagement practice, including project cycles, methodologies, participatory approaches, integration, coordination and resource mobilization.
The document focuses on essential quality criteria recognized by communities, governments, practitioners and researchers as creating an enabling environment for intentional, purposeful deliberation and action.
The article discusses the shortcomings of current approaches used to tackle behavior change necessary for sanitation hardware. A psychological model is presented, which postulates five factors necessary for the formation of new habitual behavior: risk, attitudinal, normative, ability, and self-regulation. Standardized tools are provided for measuring the factors, and behavioral interventions are suggested for each block. The article also presents a statistical analysis method to determine the improvement potential of each factor.
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Assessment using a social science led approach focused on behavioral determinants of the adoption of WASH systems and services. Helpful for practitioners to determine questionnaire and highlight typical barriers to adoption in this use case.
This report highlights that different partnerships in a project are conceived as a platform that aims at providing innovative and sustainable solutions regarding the energy access of displaced and refugee populations. The pilot project in Adi-Harush refugee camp (Ethiopia) shows how a different approaches, based on the collaboration, the sustainability and the involvement of the refugees and the host community can lead to durable solutions and relevant environmental, protection and economic impacts.
In order to cope with the problem of energy access, the users must have a central role. In addition, a better coordination among stakeholders can help to optimize resources and avoid duplication. Business models also enhance livelihood opportunities and can link the humanitarian relief to the development, counting with the support of the private sector.
The paper presents the need for evidence based assessment and development of comprehensive energy delivery approaches to have sustainable and effective energy solutions in displacement settlements. Also, the need of working in collaboration with all potential stakeholders. The details and the issues raised in the paper are exactly in line with definition, design and implementation of co-design/spectrum of co-design.
This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of providing inclusive and sustainable energy solutions in refugee camps. There are still many unanswered questions as to how to deliver energy in a sustainable, efficient and cost-effective manner in refugee camps. This work highlights the need for evidence-based assessments and development of comprehensive delivery approaches. While many humanitarian energy projects do not include an assessment or design phase, detailed assessment before project implementation is critical to ensure long-term success. A lack of quality data can lead to poorly designed interventions. To understand the full range of energy needs, qualitative and lived experience information is also essential. Humanitarian agencies need to develop sustainable interventions that work directly with refugees, displaced people, and host communities to access reliable, more affordable and sustainable energy to support the transition of refugee camps to self-reliant and economically developed spaces. Finally, the study emphasizes that delivering wide-ranging sustainable energy solutions in refugee camps is complex and requires collaborative efforts from different stakeholders taking into account people’s existing knowledge, energy practices, experience and learning from the private-sector to going further and faster together in the delivery of reliable, affordable, modern and sustainable energy for refugees.
This paper looks at the need for sustainable and reliable energy solutions for refugees and their host communities. It carries out an assessment of the energy needs of almost 300 refugee settlements in sub Saharan Africa.
To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7),some of the outcomes that were measured include total electricity demand, Up Front Cost of providing electricity access, and greenhouse gas emissions avoided by deploying solar photovoltaic mini grids instead of diesel.Overall, the report looks at the vision for open access humanitarian data to support further research.
In this paper, it is discussed how private sectors are important for the sustainable supply of modern and sustainable energy services in humanitarian settings and the paper argues that creating an enabling environment for private sector involvement is essential. As it is presented above co-design is involving different stakeholders and to involve such sectors policy and regulation is necessary that favors the involvement of such stakeholders. Therefore, including a policy element on the co-design toolbox could be helpful for energy practitioners in the humanitarian settings.
The paper highlights the increasing trend of humanitarian organizations towards the adoption of sustainable energy practices in programming, including the supply of renewable energy facilities and locally available energy markets. The paper identifies two emerging trends that enable the comprehensive delivery of sustainable energy solutions in displacement settings: aligning humanitarian relief with development objectives and harnessing market-based models and partnerships with the private sector. National coordination models are presented as an effective way to achieve this alignment, with the paper highlighting two examples from Jordan and Kenya, which illustrate the potential for sustainable energy solutions when displaced populations are included in national or sub-national development planning. The paper also identifies the need for partnerships with the private sector, given the insufficient public funds for the growing humanitarian crisis. However, there is little to no guidance on how to effectively operationalize private sector engagements between humanitarian organizations, development actors, host governments, and the private sector. The study suggests streamlining and centralizing coordination as a way to clarify roles and responsibility amongst actors and set clear policy environments for private sector engagement.
The article aims to clarify the confusion surrounding the concepts of local integration, local settlement, and local solutions in the context of forced displacement. It examines the differences between these terms and their implications for policy and practice. The article argues that local integration involves the long-term settlement of refugees in a host country, while local settlement focuses on immediate shelter and basic needs. Local solutions, on the other hand, involve sustainable and context-specific approaches that address the root causes of displacement. The article concludes that disentangling these concepts can help to develop more effective policies that support the rights and needs of refugees and their host communities.
This report provides an overview of key challenges in creating and implementing market based project and programs for clean cooking. Chapter 4 provides a particularly useful overview of the building blocks of market based approaches which would be useful for practitioners who are looking to engage with this topic.
The key findings of the report are:
- Uplifting the world’s poor from cooking poverty is an urgent development issue with huge potential benefits for public health, advancement of gender equality, and the global climate.
- Progress on improving access to clean cooking has been stymied because the sector has been perceived as orphaned, invisible, expensive.
- Since access to clean cooking is critical to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), it must be integrated into the energy planning process and development policies.
- Increasingly, policy makers and practitioners recognize that scaling up access requires a paradigm shift, supported by large-scale public- and private-sector invest- ments.
- Lessons synthesized from the World Bank’s sector experience suggest the need for mutually reinforcing principles to guide the development of successful operational strategies.
- The extent to which a country has put these principles into practice helps determine how one shapes an intervention to overcome barriers to developing sustainable markets.
- Regardless of the operations models adopted, clean cooking projects must have certain building blocks in place to ensure product access and uptake.
- Scaling up access to clean cooking solutions for all requires systematic approaches to ensure that the long-term impacts of projects are beneficial.
“COLLABORATION AND PARTNERSHIP, INCLUDING WITH PEOPLE AFFECTED BY CRISIS, IMPROVES THE QUALITY, IMPACT AND UPTAKE OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION”
This document is a review of the partnerships established by the Humanitarian Innovation Fund (HIF), which is a grant-giving mechanism that supports innovative humanitarian projects. The review examines the HIF's partnerships with other organizations and identifies good practices, challenges, and lessons learned. The document highlights the importance of establishing partnerships that are based on mutual trust, shared objectives, and effective communication. It also emphasizes the need for flexibility, adaptability, and transparency in partnership development and management. The review identifies several areas for improvement, including the need for more systematic partnership assessment and monitoring, more diverse partnerships, and better alignment of partnerships with HIF's strategic priorities. Overall, the review concludes that partnerships play a critical role in promoting innovation in the humanitarian sector and recommends continued investment in partnership development and management.
This journal paper documents a conversation between a researcher and refugee around the ethics of research with refugees. Whilst the idea and information shared is useful to humanitarian energy practitioners, this article is seems to use the voice of the refugee, Ali, to bring attention to concerns of researchers rather than being an equitable conversation between two people of equally valued lived experience. The researcher often feels the need to contextualize and explain Ali’s thoughts rather than to engage in exploring the details of answers - in short, this article focused on the issues but not the “why”.
The document ""Ethical Considerations: Research with People in Situations of Forced Migration"" provides guidelines for conducting ethical research with individuals who have been forcibly displaced from their homes. It acknowledges the challenges of conducting research in these contexts, including issues related to informed consent, confidentiality, power dynamics, and the potential for harm. The document emphasizes the importance of building trust and establishing a collaborative relationship with participants, and taking steps to ensure their safety and well-being. It also highlights the need to involve and consult with local communities and stakeholders throughout the research process. The document provides practical recommendations for researchers to ensure that their work is conducted in an ethical and sensitive manner that respects the dignity and rights of participants.
The paper draws together a number of guiding principles for ethically engaging with people in situations of forced migration as well as providing a “Checklist for Researchers” and a “Checklist for Organizations and Individuals Working in Contexts of Forced Migration Who Are Approached to Participate in Research”.
Inclusive Energy Access 101 is a four-week course, for all humanitarian practitioners, that introduces the core concepts of energy and inclusion, and equips learners with tools to address energy needs across the humanitarian world.
This session will invite participants to change the humanitarian energy access space by providing expert insights on inclusive data, systemic change in the UN, and inclusive investments. It will mainly focus on the context of displacement communities; how to ensure they are considered and prioritized, and how the inclusion of affected communities in humanitarian energy activities highlights the ‘leave-no-one-behind’ principles.
“Listening to refugees and host communities about their concerns and their ideas for possible solutions is important to inform policy, programmes and the overall refugee response. However, this is rarely done, and in cases where efforts have been made to integrate refugee voices the existing systems and structures have not been effective in achieving positive change.”
By utilizing narratives shared by refugee community leaders, along with his own involvement in the refugee response in Uganda, the author demonstrates how integration efforts have typically relied on temporary livelihood interventions that do not adequately promote resilience to adversities. Additionally, the author emphasizes policy suggestions for sustainable socio-economic integration at a higher level.
The Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach is a participatory and community-centered method for promoting sanitation and hygiene. The approach aims to empower communities to take collective action towards ending open defecation and promoting the construction and use of toilets.
CLTS begins with a process of community mobilization, which involves creating awareness of the negative impacts of open defecation on health and well-being. The approach then utilizes a series of participatory tools, such as transect walks and mapping exercises, to help communities identify areas where open defecation is most common and to develop their own plans for constructing toilets and promoting better hygiene practices.
CLTS has been adopted in many countries around the world and has been credited with significant improvements in sanitation and hygiene, particularly in rural areas. The approach is based on the principles of community participation, empowerment, and ownership, and it has been recognized as an effective and sustainable approach to promoting sanitation and hygiene at the community level.
CTLS has the potential to be applied to the humanitarian setting and has significant value to the energy sector - especially when it comes to clean cooking.
“Ultimately, the objective of the research was to support humanitarian actors to better define and understand the impact of their localisation practices on crisis- affected populations.”
The report identifies a number of key challenges to localisation, including limited funding for local actors, unequal power dynamics between local and international actors, and a lack of meaningful engagement with local communities.
To address these challenges, the report proposes a ""pathway to localisation impact"" that includes three key steps:
STEP 1 Define level and domain of intended impact of localised practices
STEP 2 Articulate the possible causal pathways that correlate with
STEP 3 Test the validity of your causal pathways
The key takeaways from this blog:
Key takeaway #1
Solutions built by communities are more contextually appropriate, and more likely to be impactful and sustainable.
Key takeaway #2
Communities should be protagonists of their own story and development.
Key takeaway #3
There’s still room for international collaboration in a community-led innovation approach.
Key takeaway #4
INGOs and donors must start genuinely listening to communities affected by crisis.
Key takeaway #5
Organisations must critically examine their systems and processes.
Key takeaway #6
Humanitarian actors should start being the change they want to see in the sector.
Read more here - https://www.elrha.org/event/how-community-led-innovation-can-challenge-inequity-and-contribute-to-the-decolonisation-of-humanitarian-aid/
The blog outlines core principles for community-led approaches:
Seek and promote ownership and leadership from the community. Centre all activities, from problem definition to solution design and testing, on the communities.
Prioritise local expertise, knowledge, and community-defined values.
Advocate for inclusivity. Explore power dynamics within the community to ensure equitable engagement with different groups. Everyone brings value and every voice should be heard.
Cultivate relationships and trust. Build equitable relationships with communities, seeking buy-in and support from leadership and community structures.
Communicate transparently and effectively with communities. Create and utilise clear and effective communication channels with communities to ensure equitable access to information.
Reimagine and shift roles, so we are consciously taking on a supportive role and putting communities at the centre of the work, as leaders.
Document and use locally-generated evidence. Learn with and from communities to improve practice. Document and share these learnings.
Deploy a flexible approach that allows adequate time, resources, and regular space for reflection and feedback from the community.
Abstract Cities all over the world are setting ambitious targets of achieving zero carbon emissions and 100% renewable energy in the near future. Such energy transitions are highly complex societal processes, however, necessitating intensive collaboration among regional and national governments, energy companies and utilities, research institutions, advocacy groups, and local communities. Although there has been a rising interest in collaborative approaches such as co-creation in energy transition studies, existing literature on this topic sometimes lacks theoretical rigour or faces problems in practical application. This poses a challenge in assessing what makes co-creation useful for accelerating energy transitions. The aim of this paper is to critically review co-creation and other selected collaborative approaches across the public sector literature to develop an assessment framework for co-creation in strategic planning for energy transitions. Based on this review, the paper suggests that co-creation can be assessed according to the following criteria: 1) the involvement of actors (state, market, community, and third sector) and their roles in different phases (initiation, design, and implementation) of co-creation; 2) the use of four sets of activities (expectation alignment, social learning, resource acquisition, assessment, and evaluation) to foster transformative power; and 3) the outcomes of co-creation. The latter may include new knowledge, new relationships, and new solutions, as well as increased efficiency and social acceptability of the transition processes.
This paper may provide valuable insights and relevance to the co-design process in the humanitarian sector. Although the paper focuses on urban transitions, it offers relevant perspectives and lessons that can be applied in the context of humanitarian energy co-design. These include; co-creation dynamics, stakeholder engagement, inclusive decision making and the assessment of co-creation processes.
This article presents the co-design process of a prototype energy advice service. It evaluates the impact this process had on the outcome over time, demonstrates how co-design generated informative insights and identifies the benefits and challenges of employing a co-design process to design and develop meaningful content for future ‘information-intensive’ services. A theoretical framework, a “think aloud” approach, and systematic data coding, have uncovered user perceptions of the evolving design qualities. This meaning-making co-design process enabled user needs to surface and be iteratively addressed. As the content of the reports became increasingly tailored, and the users’ familiarity with the topic increased, the process highlighted further evolving and underlying information needs. This confirms the value of adopting a content-first approach when designing information-intensive services and foregrounding meaning-making within the complex energy demand reduction context.
While the paper may not directly address the specific challenges and considerations of the humanitarian energy sector, it can offer valuable theoretical frameworks, methodologies and best practices for achieving sustainable and meaningful outcomes from co-design initiatives.
PMSD can be used by practitioners to facilitate market development processes that are participatory, gender-responsive, and systemic. It provides a set of tools and methods that enable practitioners to engage with market actors in a collaborative manner to identify opportunities and constraints, design interventions that address systemic issues, and monitor and evaluate their impact. The approach promotes inclusive market development, which not only benefits the target communities but also strengthens the market system as a whole. PMSD has been utilized in various sectors, including agriculture, energy, and other industries, and has proven effective in addressing complex market challenges. The revised version of PMSD has an increased focus on gender and participation, which is critical in promoting equitable and sustainable market development.
This page provides a condensed summary of co-design practices in the humanitarian sector. It looks to: create a better understanding of meaningful co-design, provide a short theoretical introduction to the topic, provides a number of tools to help this process, and suggests further reading.
This 8 page toolkit guide provides practical guidance on how to co-create a range of initiatives in order to “to strengthen the individual and collective power of stakeholders to create innovative solutions to targeted issues, while creating opportunities for synergy between different groups or teams that sometimes work in silos”. This toolkit outlines the benefits and drawbacks of co-creation, guidelines for designing and leading projects, and templates for participatory workshops based on co-creation
This paper shows that despite the integration of Theory of Change models and the Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) framework in GCRF-funded projects, project aims continue to be driven by researchers rather than reflecting end-user needs. Whilst some projects looked to generate feelings of ownership, adequate engagement strategies and reflective learning practices, these processes are often not formally embedded in project activities resulting in a decoupling of researcher expectations and end-user assumptions – ultimately derailing project outcomes. The recommendations for academics operating within the International Development space are to 1) Talk early, often, and transparently, 2) Keep Thinking – who benefits?, 3) Be reflective, responsive, and open to change and, 4) Use a systematic approach to facilitate this process.” (Robinson et al., 2022, p. 1)
Despite a decade of system-wide reforms, the humanitarian sector is struggling to adapt to the changing needs of people in crises. With humanitarian emergencies becoming more frequent, complex, and prolonged, radical change is necessary.
After conducting four years of research, this report proposes a new model of humanitarian action that challenges outdated assumptions, structures, and behaviors. The report argues that the humanitarian system needs to relinquish power and control to national and local aid organizations, instead of being dominated by the UN and large international NGOs.
The paper suggests a new model of humanitarian action.
First, the UN and large international NGOs need to let go of power and control, to enable national and local aid organisations to lead crisis response.
Second, the humanitarian system needs to let go of the incentives that place organisational drives for greater resources and visibility above the needs of crisis-affected people.
Third, the humanitarian system needs to let go of its own exceptionalism and accept that different forms of relief – from development organisations, religious organisations and private sector companies – can co-exist and can be equally legitimate.
This report outlines the business case for PAYG solar providers deploying energy services in humanitarian contexts. It also highlights lessons learned from the early pilots in energy access in humanitarian contexts to share with broader sector. It also identifies the socio-economic benefits of access to clean energy for displaced populations.
This paper explores the Pay- as-you-go (PAYG) system to help make clean energy affordable for low-income populations, while also creating sustainable business models. PAYG solar can be challenging in more complex market environments where providers need to adapt their payment collection methods, educate customers in the use of digital financial tools and rethink their last- mile distribution strategy.
This research has also considered the role of mobile network operators (MNOs), valuating what would drive them to support energy access in refugee camps.
This report highlights the considerations that PAYG solar providers should take :
- Understand local regulations and the operating environment before rolling out a product
- Balance humanitarian and private sector approaches
- Address the impermanent situation and unique economies of refugee cams through financial models
- Offer agent incentives to build loyalty and increase sales
- Offer flexible payment options via a range of channels that suit the specific humanitarian context
Considerations for humanitarian organisations include:
In the present tradition of humanitarian energy access it lacks the involvement of the private sector in the sector. One of the key aspects of co-design is the involvement of key stakeholders including the private sector, which missed in the trends of energy access in humanitarian settings. This is due to the lack of an enabling environment and encouragement mechanisms for the private sector to be involved. To have a complete and successful co-design in humanitarian settings creating an enabling environment that attracts the contribution of every potential stakeholder is essential. With this regard, this report discusses policies and strategies required to encourage private-sector participation and involvement in humanitarian energy interventions/projects related to finance, where it proposes innovative financing mechanisms. On the other hand, this report gives insights on how to incorporate financing mechanisms in the co-design process. The report underscores the importance of co-design principles in humanitarian settings, particularly regarding financial mechanisms for private-sector involvement in energy interventions. By incorporating stakeholder collaboration, considering project-specific risks, and exploring innovative financing structures, it aims to address the unique challenges faced in displacement settings and ultimately contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7.
This report provides an overview of the financial mechanisms required to encourage private-sector participation in humanitarian energy interventions. These interventions are necessary to meet Sustainable Development Goal 7 by 2030, particularly in displacement settings where there are unique challenges that inhibit the uptake of cleaner energy solutions. Traditional financing approaches may not work in such an underdeveloped market, so alternative structures are needed, such as blended financial instruments. These structures should be specific to the risk and type of project and can include grants, results-based financing, and impact bonds. Displacement settings represent a complex and unpredictable operating environment, requiring not just smart mobilization of financing but also policy and technical interventions to create a more enabling environment for donors, NGOs, the private sector, and potential investors. The authors recommended exploring specific productive and public energy projects coupled with technical assistance to support market data, pipeline development, and project implementation is necessary. They also suggested that researching the merits of a global pooled facility versus more localized and project-specific approaches, and the creation of a dedicated group to aggregate projects across humanitarian settings is essential.
The paper highlights that despite a long history of energy technology for poverty-alleviation initiatives across the globe, many interventions fail at persuading end-users to continue using these technologies beyond an initial adoption phase. Whilst many champion sustainable energy solutions, most evaluation approaches do not consider long-term sustained use. This paper presents a novel interdisciplinary formative and evaluative implementation or delivery model, the qualitative Technology Implementation Model for Energy (TIME), for practitioners and policymakers. TIME focuses on refining three core areas of energy technology implementation; to rethink how the impact is defined, to understand differences between practitioner perception and end-user reality, and to champion a co-produced approach with all key stakeholders in the energy system.
This paper is highly relevant to the co-design of humanitarian energy as it highlights the challenges and failures of interventions in considering long-term solutions or uses. The ‘TIME’ delivery model can also be categorised as a co-design approach to aid the understanding of the differences between practitioner perception and end-user reality.
As a result of the lessons learned from the Humanitarian Engineering and Energy for Displacement (HEED) project around the different perceptions of innovation between key energy stakeholders, this paper looks to engage with questions around ensuring innovation in the humanitarian sector, and more specifically humanitarian energy is responsible. How can we define responsible? Is responsible innovation a theoretical nicety or can it ensure a just energy transition as outlined by the SDGs? What does responsible innovation look like in reality? Building to our underlying research question: what is the state-of-the-art in responsible innovation for humanitarian energy and how is it implemented at the project level?
This paper is relevant to the co-design of humanitarian energy as it explores innovation as a framework to improve the delivery of the SDGs. It also engages with questions in humanitarian energy around ensuring innovation, and exploring what responsible innovation looks like in reality. Overall, it provides recommendations for future research-based humanitarian energy projects and practices in the field.
This paper presents the development of a new approach to address the challenges of energy access in humanitarian settings which is developing a new framework for designing sustainable energy solutions in displacement settings. The framework combines sustainability considerations with co-design principles, enabling the creation of sustainable interventions and business models that align with the local context. This paper could be taken as a reference for the co-designing toolbox for humanitarian energy practitioners, since it considered the principles of co-design in the development of the proposed framework.
This paper introduces a novel framework for designing sustainable energy solutions in displacement settings. The framework emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive and structured approach to enhance sustainability practices within the humanitarian and development sectors. By incorporating various sustainability aspects and existing planning tools, as well as promoting co-design principles, inclusivity and energy access can be improved. It illustrates the practical application and potential of co-design in humanitarian settings by implementing the framework in the design of a solar mini grid in Djibouti's Holl Holl refugee camp. This approach encourages active participation from all stakeholders, including the displaced community, humanitarian practitioners, and local partners, in the planning and design process. By involving these stakeholders, the energy interventions can effectively address the specific needs and preferences of the camp's residents. The framework combines sustainability considerations with co-design principles, enabling the creation of sustainable interventions and business models that align with the local context. It challenges the prevailing sectoral and short-term thinking within the humanitarian sector, prioritizing long-term sustainability and empowering the displaced population. Generally, the study presents a roadmap for integrating co-design principles into the planning and design of energy access interventions in humanitarian settings. Through the involvement of all stakeholders and the consideration of their perspectives, this framework facilitates the development of more effective and sustainable energy solutions that contribute to the well-being and resilience of displaced communities.
“The Humanitarian Innovation Guide is a growing online resource to help individuals and organisations find their starting point and navigate the humanitarian innovation journey” - The guide covers a wide range of topics and provides step-by-step guidance on various aspects of humanitarian innovation, including:
- Understanding the context: It emphasizes the importance of gaining a deep understanding of the local context, needs, and existing systems before developing innovative solutions.
- Identifying challenges and opportunities: The guide helps users identify and define the key challenges and opportunities that can be addressed through innovation.
- Generating ideas: It offers techniques and approaches for generating creative ideas that have the potential to address humanitarian challenges effectively.
- Designing and prototyping: The guide provides guidance on designing and prototyping innovative solutions, emphasizing the importance of user-centered design and rapid prototyping.
- Testing and iterating: It explains the process of testing and iterating solutions, encouraging innovators to learn from failures and continuously improve their ideas.
- Implementation and scaling: The guide offers insights on how to implement innovative solutions effectively and scale them up to have a broader impact.
- Monitoring and evaluation: It highlights the significance of monitoring and evaluating the impact of innovative interventions and provides guidance on how to assess and measure the outcomes.
- Sustainability and ethical considerations: The guide addresses the importance of considering sustainability and ethical aspects when developing and implementing innovative solutions.
The Humanitarian Innovation Guide also includes case studies, practical examples, and resources to support innovators in their journey. It aims to promote a culture of innovation within the humanitarian sector and facilitate the development of solutions that can positively impact the lives of people affected by crises.
The HIP program supports humanitarian innovation in order to encourage cross-sectoral partnerships are essential to address current and future humanitarian needs, primarily through private-public partnerships. The HIP programs has a range of helpful resources that enable humanitarian innovator to navigate the project conceptualization, needs assessments, market dialogue, implementation, and evaluation project system steps.
The document \"Towards an holistic approach to energy access in humanitarian settings: the SET4food project from technology transfer to knowledge sharing\" outlines the SET4food project's approach to improving energy access in humanitarian settings.
The project aims to promote a holistic approach to energy access, which takes into account the interdependence of energy access with food security, nutrition, and health outcomes. The project focuses on technology transfer and knowledge sharing to promote the use of renewable energy sources in humanitarian settings, particularly in food processing and storage.
The document describes the implementation of the project in several countries and highlights key lessons learned, including the importance of stakeholder engagement and the need for context-specific solutions. The document also discusses the potential for scaling up the project to other humanitarian settings and the need for sustained funding and political commitment to promote long-term impacts.
Overall, the document underscores the importance of adopting a comprehensive and integrated approach to energy access in humanitarian settings to improve the overall well-being of crisis-affected communities.
In this reflective piece, the Humanitarian Engineering and Energy for Displacement (HEED) project explores how various capacity building exercises contributed to the impact of the project. There were a number of lines of inquiry:
• Instrumental: In what ways is HEED influencing policy, practice or service provision in the delivery of energy to displaced people?
• Conceptual: How is HEED contributing to a greater understanding of issues and reframing debates in the field of humanitarian energy and engineering?
• Capacity building: To what extent is the HEED project developing technical and personal skill-sets that increase self-reliance, self-determination and autonomy?
They key recommendations from the work were:
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Build lines of communication between stakeholders around energy needs and aspirations as part of the design process, not separate from it.
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Socio-technical solutions need to emerge from conversations with refugees,
IDPs, practitioners and other energy stakeholders.
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Adopt a skills-based approach to improve energy access in the displaced setting.
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Plan opportunities within the project for communities to gain skills during the design and production phases to support the sustainability of renewable energy interventions.
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Acknowledge how project involvement is transformative personally and professionally for those working on the project.
- Recognise and record the teams ‘learning journey’ as an impact of the project. Be evidential about the extent to which the project aims can support and strengthen the project team’s skills and abilities.
The article argues that supporting local ownership is critical to the success and sustainability of humanitarian action. It emphasizes the importance of empowering local actors, including communities, civil society organizations, and governments, to take a leading role in designing, implementing, and monitoring humanitarian interventions. The article examines the challenges and opportunities of promoting local ownership, including power imbalances, cultural differences, and the need for capacity-building and institutional strengthening. It also highlights the benefits of local ownership, such as increased relevance, effectiveness, and accountability, and the potential for long-term impact. The article concludes by calling for a shift towards more participatory and locally-led humanitarian action that fosters collaboration, respect, and learning between local and international actors.
Its important to note that this resource was published in 2009 - whilst some of the outputs may still be relevant they must be viewed with caution given the significant changes in society since this article was published.
The purpose of this paper is to understand the barriers to inclusive energy planning, and draw out lessons from humani- tarian response programming in energy and other sectors, generating invaluable insights for the field of energy provision in refugee camps. Our analysis focuses on energy from renewable or sustainable sources, and on humanitarian responses in refugee camps. However, the lessons are likely to be applicable in a wider range of contexts.
The report provides a number of recommendations for sustainable humanitarian energy services:
- Energy technologies for the long term
- Refugees and local communities as agents of change
- Beneficiary agency and market-based solutions
The document \"The Methodologies, Geographies, and Technologies of Energy Justice: A Systematic and Comprehensive Review\" provides an extensive overview of the research on energy justice, including the methodologies, geographies, and technologies used in this field. The document defines energy justice as the equitable distribution of benefits and harms associated with energy production and consumption, and identifies several key themes that have emerged in energy justice research, including access to energy, energy affordability, and environmental justice. It discusses the various methodologies used to study energy justice, such as quantitative and qualitative approaches, and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary and participatory research. The document also examines the geographical scope of energy justice research, with a focus on both developed and developing countries, and discusses the ways in which energy justice intersects with issues of race, class, and gender. It further explores the role of technology in energy justice, including both the potential benefits and drawbacks of various energy technologies. The document ultimately argues for a more comprehensive and integrated approach to energy justice research that takes into account the multiple dimensions and complexities of this field.
Energy justice is a topic that humanitarian energy practitioners have little engagement with. Whilst it shared similarities with the “do no harm” approach, conceptualizations of energy justice step past this minimum standard approach to embrace the complexities of complex problems in the context of energy justice. This also links into knowledge hierarchies and concepts of knowledge/knowing which are dominated by global north institutions - understandings of justice from alternative knowledge centers are key for effective and meaningful knowledge sharing (and thus co-design methodologies)
The report identifies gaps in the evidence base and highlights the need for further research to better understand how behavioral science can be effectively applied to development interventions. The report includes a mapping of existing research in this field, categorizing interventions based on the behavioral science principles that underpin them.
The report finds that behavioral science can be a useful tool in designing and implementing development interventions, particularly in areas such as agriculture, health, and finance. The report highlights the importance of understanding the context-specific factors that influence behavior and tailoring interventions accordingly.
The EGM findings indicate that while there is limited evidence, the interventions most frequently evaluated include reminders, feedback, micro-incentives, salience of communication, commitment devices, experience design, goal setting, rules of thumb, social norms, and social benchmarking. However, there is a lack of extensive evidence for broader interventions such as planning prompts, group incentives, public commitments, framing devices, checklists, lotteries, defaults, interventions to reduce hassles, identity priming, anchoring, active choice, and cognitive behavioral therapy interventions.
The article argues that inclusive policymaking is necessary to provide opportunities for financial independence and resilience to women migrants. It highlights the challenges faced by migrant women in accessing financial services and the need for policymakers to recognize their contributions to the economy. The article suggests several policy measures, including the promotion of financial literacy, the provision of accessible financial services, and the recognition of informal work. It concludes that by adopting inclusive policies, policymakers can empower migrant women and contribute to building more inclusive and sustainable societies.
This article summaries the book - White Saviorism in International Development: Theories, Practices and Lived Experiences - to provide readers with quick high level summaries of each topic area. This is a topic that we must critically engage with if conducting meaningful co-design processes and methods.
The article explores the concept of a paradigm shift in the aid system and suggests a series of \"what if\" questions to guide this transformation. These questions challenge the current assumptions and structures of the aid system and offer new ideas for creating more effective and equitable approaches to humanitarian assistance.
The article proposes questions such as \"What if aid was designed and delivered in partnership with crisis-affected communities?\" and \"What if aid was focused on addressing the root causes of crises, rather than just responding to the symptoms?\" These questions encourage a shift towards more participatory and community-centered approaches to humanitarian aid.
The article also discusses the need for greater diversity and inclusion in the aid system, and proposes questions such as \"What if aid organizations actively recruited and supported staff from the global South?\" and \"What if aid organizations prioritized local and regional organizations as partners?\"
Overall, the article highlights the need for a fundamental shift in the way humanitarian aid is designed and delivered, and provides a set of thought-provoking questions to guide this transformation.
This paper provides a detailed introduction to the topic of camp abolition. Whilst this concept is often overlooked by many humanitarians it is central to building safe, humane, and viable futures for communities on the move.
Written by and form CARE practitioners, the CARE Emergency Toolkit is an online resource that provides information and guidance for humanitarian workers responding to emergencies and disasters. It includes practical tools, such as checklists and templates, as well as advice on best practices for emergency response. The toolkit covers various sectors, including water, sanitation, and hygiene, shelter, and health, among others. It also offers guidance on topics such as gender and diversity, community engagement, and protection. Overall, the CARE Emergency Toolkit is a comprehensive and practical resource for humanitarian workers to support effective emergency response.
The toolkit contains a participation section - https://www.careemergencytoolkit.org/topics-issues/4-participation/ - that contains minimum standards for participation. This checklist outlines activities before, during, and after the assessment, design, implementation, distribution, and monitoring phases.
This toolkit links to the ANLAP Handbook for Participation, The Sphere Project, and the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership.
Pocketbook summary here - https://www.careemergencytoolkit.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/CARE-pocketbook-online-version-reduced4.pdf
The SCALE Readiness Diagnostic is a tool designed by Spring Impact to help social organizations assess their readiness to scale their impact. The tool assesses a range of factors that are critical for scaling impact, including leadership, strategy, financial management, governance, and organizational culture.
The diagnostic includes a series of questions and statements that prompt organizations to reflect on their current strengths and weaknesses in relation to these factors, and to identify areas for improvement. The tool provides a scorecard that allows organizations to track their progress over time, and to identify areas where they need to focus their efforts to improve their scale readiness.
The document \"The Meanings of Humanitarian Innovation: Reflections from the Community-Led Innovation Partnership using a postcolonial lens\" discusses the concept of humanitarian innovation and its implications for communities affected by crises. The document examines the discourse of humanitarian innovation from a postcolonial perspective, highlighting the power dynamics and underlying assumptions that shape the way innovation is conceived and implemented in the humanitarian sector. It argues that the dominant discourse of humanitarian innovation often reflects a Western-centric, technocratic approach that fails to adequately engage with local knowledge, needs, and capacities. The document presents the findings of a community-led innovation partnership that sought to challenge this dominant discourse by involving affected communities in the innovation process. It discusses the challenges and opportunities of this approach and emphasizes the importance of centering the perspectives and agency of affected communities in humanitarian innovation. The document ultimately calls for a more critical and reflexive approach to humanitarian innovation that recognizes the complexity and diversity of contexts and perspectives in which it operates.
An article which presents the lived experience of the first and only female CEO of an international refugee rights organization in the context of a colonialist and racist humanitarian system.
“For transformative change to happen, more people in the sector have to do the hard work of examining their biases, prejudices, positioning, and privileges.”
Collection of thinking tools and frameworks to help you solve problems, make decisions and understand systems.
This article evaluates the effectiveness of a participatory action research project that used Photovoice as a tool to empower marginalized communities. Photovoice is a participatory method that involves participants taking photographs that reflect their experiences and perspectives on a particular issue. The study found that Photovoice was effective in promoting empowerment by providing participants with a platform to express their views, engage in critical dialogue, and advocate for change. The article highlights the potential of Photovoice to support social and political transformation by enabling marginalized communities to challenge power imbalances and promote their rights and interests. The study concludes that Photovoice has significant transformative potential and can be used as a tool for social justice and empowerment in a range of contexts.
Participatory mapping is a general term used to define a set of approaches and techniques that combines the tools of modern cartography with participatory methods to record and represent the spatial knowledge of local communities.
The Partnership Co-Design Toolkit (P.ACT) is a resource for organizations that want to establish and manage effective partnerships. The toolkit provides a step-by-step guide for co-designing partnerships, starting from the identification of potential partners, to designing the partnership, implementing it, and evaluating its impact. The P.ACT also offers a range of practical tools, such as checklists, templates, and case studies, to support the partnership development process. The toolkit emphasizes the importance of co-designing partnerships, which involves engaging partners in the design and decision-making processes to ensure that the partnership meets the needs and objectives of all parties involved.
The PDF titled \"The Good Enough Guide: Impact Measurement and Accountability in Emergencies\" is a draft version of a handbook developed by ALNAP (Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance in Humanitarian Action) to provide guidance on impact measurement and accountability in emergency contexts. The handbook is divided into three parts: planning for impact measurement, implementing impact measurement, and using and sharing impact information. Each part includes several chapters that cover specific topics related to impact measurement, such as selecting appropriate indicators, data collection methods, and stakeholder engagement. The handbook also includes case studies and examples to illustrate how impact measurement and accountability have been applied in different emergency contexts. The aim of the handbook is to support organizations in improving their impact measurement and accountability practices in emergency contexts, and to ultimately improve the effectiveness of humanitarian action.
However, given this document was published in 2000 whilst many of the concepts presented here are similar to current challenges, the solutions presented are somewhat out of date.
This article provides a high level overview of the clean cooking sector and suggests a number of recommendations on how to unlock faster pathways to the completion of the sustainable development goals.
- Integration Clean cooking for all must be integrated into national policies and planning for energy, climate, and COVID-19 recovery.
- Investments A dramatic scale-up in both public and private investments is needed to implement clean-cooking strategies and action plans to achieve on-the-ground results.
- Innovation Catalysts are needed to spur market innovations that can deliver affordable clean-cooking solutions at scale.
- Impacts Achieving development impacts requires adopting human-centred approaches aligned with both diverse user needs and broader development objectives (e.g., climate, health, gender, jobs, and sustainable livelihoods).
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Inclusiveness The approaches adopted must ensure inclusiveness by addressing the needs of poor, vulnerable, fragile, and displaced populations, as well as engaging and empowering women across the clean-cooking value
chains.
These recommendations place clean cooking users at the center a “series of concentric circles, with end users at its center and market shapers, supply and demand-side actors, and adjacent sectors and development areas situated within the surrounding inner and outer circles.”
The report provides case studies of various projects undertaken by Shell in different regions of the world, such as solar-powered mini-grids in rural Tanzania, clean cookstoves in Nigeria, and renewable energy solutions in South Africa. These projects aim to provide a range of sustainable and affordable energy solutions to communities and help improve their socio-economic status. Throughout these projects there is a focus on market based approaches to energy access where technological solutions, locally led businesses, host government support, financial models (such as results based financing), and subsidies combine to create an enabling environment for multiple high quality modern, reliable, and sustainable energy systems and services.
Full report is behind pay wall.
Behavioral settings theory is a social psychology theory that emphasizes the importance of the physical and social environment in shaping human behavior. The theory suggests that behavior is not only influenced by individual characteristics such as personality and attitudes, but also by the context in which it occurs.
According to the theory, behavior is influenced by three components of the behavioral setting: physical, social, and organizational. The physical component includes the physical environment in which behavior occurs, such as the layout of a room or the design of a building. The social component refers to the social context in which behavior occurs, such as the presence or absence of other people and the norms and expectations that govern behavior. The organizational component refers to the rules, regulations, and policies that govern behavior.
The theory also suggests that behavior is influenced by the fit between the individual and the behavioral setting. A good fit between the individual and the setting results in behavior that is consistent with the setting's goals and expectations, while a poor fit can lead to noncompliance and even counterproductive behavior.
Behavioral settings theory has been applied in a variety of settings, such as schools, hospitals, and workplaces, to understand and improve behavior. The theory suggests that interventions that modify the physical, social, or organizational components of a behavioral setting can lead to changes in behavior.
This paper promoted the “Hanging Out” methodology which champions the spending of intentional and extended time with the focus groups of qualitative research studies.
This report provides the basis for ESMAPS Multi-tier framework for Energy Access (MTF). As stated by ESMAP, “The MTF captures specific data that allows governments to identify and understand energy access gaps and develop potential solutions to improve energy services. The MTF identifies and analyzes the main reasons why households are not using electricity, or why their usage is limited (i.e. by capacity, reliability or affordability issues), and then recommends a set of measures to remove such constraints. MTF, therefore, not only allows for a nuanced tracking of SDG 7 targets, but also helps governments fine-tune their policies and approaches for reaching them.”
Important definitions:
Direct implementation: where an organisation receives funding from the donor and directly implements the activities in the target areas or with target communities.
Intermediary role: where an organisation, network or mechanism acts as an intermediary between donors and national or local implementing organisations through provision of funding or other support.
This report looks to redefine the roles of intermediaries in humanitarian action in order to unlock more effective locally led responses. The studies take a behavioral science approach to identify the barriers that currently restrict intermediaries supporting locally led responses. The key findings are:
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The existing role of intermediaries needs to fundamentally shift to better support locally led action.
a. The balance of direct implementation and intermediary roles for organisations not local
to context needs to shift.
b. The role of the intermediary, when requested or required, needs to be more appropriate and accountable.
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Barriers preventing change are currently far more powerful than the triggers that will motivate change.
- Change is required in three key areas to achieve a more effective future role for intermediaries.
“The humanitarian system is not accountable at the collective level to the communities it serves.” (page 1)
The report highlights the importance of understanding local contexts and power dynamics in designing effective CCE approaches. It identifies the need for strategies that can address diverse communication preferences and access to technology, especially in low-resource settings.
The report also highlights challenges in implementing collective approaches, such as limited resources, competing priorities, and difficulties in measuring the impact of CCE interventions. It recommends a more flexible, adaptive, and participatory approach to CCE, one that can address local needs and contextual challenges.
This report stresses the importance of inter-sector response and engaging all key stakeholders in the response planning, implementation and evaluation. Reflection is NOT M&E, its about “accountability, participation and a right to information” - closing the feedback loop. However, methods of engagement are limited to participant feedback not co-creation. i.e. not putting the priorities of the affected individuals and communities above organizational priorities. Unfortunately, ego and competition often outweighing the perceived benefits of collective approaches to communication and community engagement.
The report discusses the Research Collaborations on Community Energy Resilience in Low-Income Countries Project, which aimed to address resilience at a community level in sustainable energy systems. Three workshops were held in the UK, Nepal, and Malawi to facilitate knowledge exchange and establish working relationships between academics, policy-makers, and practitioners. Participants discussed technical innovations, governance and planning processes, and the interconnection between energy system and community resilience. The workshops identified three research themes: energy system design to improve resilience, the role of community in ensuring resilience, and the role of energy systems in community resilience. The report highlights the need for further research in these areas.
The document discusses the challenges related to cooking in displacement settings, where people are forced to leave their homes due to conflict, disaster, or other reasons. It highlights the health, environmental, and economic impacts of cooking with traditional fuels, such as firewood and charcoal, which are often the only options available in these settings. The document also presents some of the innovative market based solutions that are being developed to address these challenges across the clean cooking, solar cooking, and biogas sectors. The authors argue that there “is significant potential for private-sector engagement in this context – which, though largely overlooked to date, could result in win-win scenarios for all stakeholders”.
This document draws on a number of case studies from the Moving Energy Initiative.
Full article behind pay wall.
A case study of the application of the domestication framework.
This paper shows how technologies and societies co-evolve through space a time - critical also for the energy sector with changing wants, needs, and aspirations comes a changing technological need.
The document titled \"Energy and Displacement: 8 Objects, 8 Stories\" is a report by the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) program at Chatham House. The report highlights the impact of energy projects on displacement in the MENA region. It presents eight case studies from different countries, demonstrating how energy infrastructure projects have led to forced displacement of local communities. The report identifies a lack of consideration for social and environmental impacts in energy projects and calls for more responsible and sustainable energy development practices that prioritize the well-being of affected communities.
These are the key takeaways:
- Taking people’s existing knowledge and energy practices into account would, one
might expect, already be central to the design of humanitarian interventions. Yet dominant approaches to energy access continue to marginalize questions about what people actually use energy for in daily life. - People’s resourcefulness in providing for their energy needs in both camps demonstrates the opposite of a culture of dependency.
- Humanitarian energy interventions need to address ‘end of life’ issues for technology, equipment and materials.
- Labelling conventional fuels and energy practices as ‘dirty’ or, worse, ‘primitive’ clouds the understanding of the social and cultural significance that underpin them.
With a focus on a “total energy access” (TEA) approach, Practical Action and partners provide primary data and analysis from the Renewable Energy for Refugees (RE4R) project, which is focused on three camps in Malawi. The key findings from the report are:
- Access to electricity and lighting in refugee households is low and below the targets set by the government of Rwanda.
- Solar home systems provide an average of four hours of lighting in the evenings, 45 minutes more than solar lanterns and 90 minutes more than non-electrical sources such as candles.
- More than three quarters of households rely primarily on basic three-stone fires, mud stoves, and firewood
for their cooking needs. - Firewood was the primary source of cooking fuel in the
vast majority of households, although the changes in fuel distribution in the camps since the assessments were carried out may significantly change this. - A lack of cooking resources, particularly firewood, results in the majority of households using coping mechanisms to get by.
- Women spend more than three hours per day on cooking
and related activities, four times longer than men. - Three-quarters of businesses in the camps use some form of electricity.
- Both households and enterprises expressed a need for electricity services that could be provided by solar home systems.
- When asked whether it was more important to address domestic, business, or communal energy needs, households reported that domestic energy needs were of the highest priority.
- There is a stark contrast in the levels of energy access between camp institutions and facilities that have connections to the camp minigrids and those that do not.
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The camp minigrids provide a high level of electricity access to the community facilities connected to them, but rely on carbon-
intensive sources of power.
- Opportunities to access higher levels of power for livelihood activities are severely limited in the current setup of the camps.
4 barriers to implementing academic research in the humanitarian setting: time pressures, funding constraints, lack of relevance to humanitarian pratice, lack of relevance to humanitarian actors in the global south. Six areas for action: partnerships, global south leadership. evidence brokering, research translation and application, humanitarian data, humanitarian leadership. Importance of evidence based action.
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- "Publication Year": "2004",
- "Author": "Rodgers, G.",
- "Title": "Hanging out with forced migrants: methodological and ethical challenges",
- "Publication Title": "Forced migration review",
- "Url": "https://www.fmreview.org/return-reintegration/rodgers",
- "Date": "2004",
- "Date Added": "2023-03-31 08:02:43",
- "Date Modified": "2023-10-03 07:55:20",
- "Notes": "The article discusses the methodological and ethical challenges of conducting research with forced migrants. The author highlights the importance of building trust and rapport with participants, as well as being sensitive to the power dynamics and vulnerabilities that forced migrants may face.
The article examines different methods of engaging with forced migrants, including participant observation, interviewing, and focus groups. The author acknowledges the limitations and advantages of each method. The article then focused on the “hanging out” methodology which looks to capture everyday interactions through the informal and interpersonal.
This is in response to the multitude of ethical issues that arise when conducting research with forced migrants, such as informed consent, confidentiality, and the potential for harm and the importance of respecting participants' autonomy and agency, to ensuring that research does not exacerbate existing power imbalances.
The article highlights the importance of analytical decision tools and methods in the energy sector for sustainable operations and developments. However, it notes that energy decision-making in the context of protracted and displaced settlements is largely unexplored. Energy decision-making involves evaluating social, technical, environmental, and economic criteria, but there may be a lack of information regarding the energy needs and aspirations of different communities. The additional complexities and challenges of managing energy provision in refugee camps and settlements require decision support tools to provide a more systematic and objective assessment of the factors that should inform energy provision in contexts of displacement.
This paper presents the the Renewable Energy Recommendation (RERT) tool. RERT is a decision support tool developed to assist stakeholders in making informed decisions about renewable energy projects. The tool takes into account a range of criteria, including technical feasibility, economic viability, environmental sustainability, and social impact.
RERT uses a multi-criteria decision analysis approach that considers the preferences and priorities of different stakeholders, as well as the potential trade-offs between different criteria. The tool generates a set of recommended renewable energy options based on the input of stakeholders and the criteria considered.
RERT is designed to be flexible and adaptable to different contexts, including rural and urban areas, and can be used at different stages of the project development cycle. The tool can be used by a range of stakeholders, including governments, NGOs, and community organizations, to identify and evaluate renewable energy options that meet their specific needs and goals.
Awareness + Capacity Building = self sustained business. Eight Case studies in the HE sector. Good background on HE. Insights based on interviews with project teams, not end-users? p.26 - results based financing for displaced settings.
Ethics of building market systems for vulnerable communities? What does hollistic approaches mean? Considerable income? Lots of talk, not much action.
This report by ODI provides the most comprehensive literature review on localization. It engages with a number of key thematic areas of interest, these are; an overview of the literature and evidence base on localisation, understandings, measurements and approaches of localisation, implication and impact on quality and value for money of humanitarian assistance and outcomes, drivers of change towards localisation, challenges, risks and obstacles to localisation, and the role of donors and diplomatic actors in promoting effective humanitarian response through more local humanitarian action.
The report provides a number of strategic recommendations for donors:
- Work collectively with other donors
- Develop a risk-sharing agenda
- Support and invest in the development of equitable, ethical and quality partnerships
- Increase the quality and quantity of funding going to local actors
- Invest in coordinated and bottom-up capacity-sharing
With two strategic and practical actions:
- Link localisation with the humanitarian–development–peace nexus
- Build evidence, evaluate impact and reshape the research agenda on localisation
The document outlines a framework for operationalizing collective outcomes in the context of humanitarian action. It describes collective outcomes as a collaborative approach to addressing complex humanitarian challenges that require coordinated action by multiple actors. The document provides practical guidance on how to develop, implement, and monitor collective outcomes, including the importance of engaging stakeholders and aligning interventions with collective priorities. It also highlights the need for flexibility and adaptability in the implementation of collective outcomes to respond to changing contexts and emerging needs. The document concludes that collective outcomes can help to improve the effectiveness and impact of humanitarian action by promoting collaboration, coordination, and accountability.
The key steps to collective action are:
- GET TO KNOW THE ‘LAY OF THE LAND’ FOR COLLECTIVE OUTCOMES
- ENSURE DECISIVE LEADERSHIP AND STRONG CAPACITY TO SUPPORT
- ANALYZE EXISTING DATA TO DEFINE PRIORITY AREAS
- ARTICULATE COLLECTIVE OUTCOMES
- OPERATIONALIZE COLLECTIVE OUTCOMES – PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING
- HARMONIZE RESOURCES AND FINANCING
- MONITORING AND ACCOUNTABILITY
To explore how geography influences sanitation sustainability, specifically the management of waste. In test area corruption stunted development of sustainable latrines. The latrines did not stay improved for long - no capital to sustain the upkeep and the emptying of septic tanks (large downstream expenses). Fall into disrepair and latrines are either hared by multiple households (up to 8) or OD practices occur. Seasonal flooding can cause reclassification. of. a latrine. system - improved to basic etc. Urban settlements and slums are not are not considered in official data collection - gross underestimations occur. Evaluation methods are not detailed enough - causing incorrect results by UNICEF/WHO. Paper questions methods and suggests alternatives.
An outline of the 5 core qualitative research methods of inquiry.
Considering the technological solutions is also another aspect of co-design. This paper argues that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to develop an energy demand modeling framework and assess the implementation of alternative power supply systems (including techno- economic analysis and discussing the challenges and barriers to adoption in the specific context) to have sustainable and inclusive energy solutions in humanitarian settings. Specific context here is a critical variable, where in co-design process considering a specific local context could make the co-design process and implementation sustainable and effective.
The paper discusses the challenges faced in providing sustainable energy solutions in refugee camps, where standardized fossil-dependent solutions are mostly used. The authors propose a multi-disciplinary methodology to develop an energy demand modeling framework for refugee camps with Tier 0 and assess the implementation of alternative power supply systems (including techno- economic analysis and discussing the challenges and barriers to adoption in the specific context). The modeling is performed for Mantapala refugee camp in Zambia using HOMER software. Results indicate that implementing hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) is viable techno-economically, reducing energy costs up to half with paybacks lower than five years. However, non-technical constraints such as uncertainty, lack of funding, and difficulties in risk-sharing collaborations may hinder the adoption of these systems. The study highlights the importance of accurate information on energy demand needs and the inefficiency of current power supply solutions found in refugee camps, and proposes a more sustainable and cost-effective approach, which is relevant to humanitarian aid organizations seeking to improve the sustainability of energy systems in displaced settings. The authors concluded that implementing HRES in refugee camps is feasible and can bring significant CO2 emissions savings, but requires organizational changes, such as developing tailored business models for HRES in refugee camps.
The European Commission's document \"Technological innovation for humanitarian aid and assistance\" discusses the potential of new technologies to improve humanitarian aid delivery and assistance in crises. The document highlights the importance of collaboration between humanitarian organizations and tech companies to develop innovative solutions that address complex humanitarian challenges. It discusses various technologies such as drones, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and mobile applications, and their potential applications in humanitarian contexts. The document also emphasizes the need for responsible and ethical use of technology in humanitarian aid, and the importance of ensuring that vulnerable populations are not further marginalized through the deployment of technology.
The document also highlights that technological innovation can enable increased opportunities for local ownership and engagement. However, given the positioning of the paper with innovation as a technical challenge (rather than an tool for ecosystems change) this focus on local ownership and engagement may be a secondary concern to the technical enabling enviroment for innovation.
The recommendations in this report (and summarised below) are intended to support a clearer focus, a stronger function and a simpler format for the Grand Bargain 2.0.
- Clarify the theory of change and plan of action, including ambitious but achievable and measurable targets.
- Enable better quality, flexible and predictable funding.
- Increase support for local responders, with a focus on fairer and more appropriate distribution of leadership and decision-making.
- Realise the participation revolution and move to a more demand-driven humanitarian response.
- Shift tactics – adopt a ‘caucus’ approach to tackle the most acute or sensitive political obstacles to progress.
- Increase outreach to local governmental and non-governmental actors.
- Reinforce leadership and governance to enable a more explicitly political function for the Grand Bargain 2.0.
- Simplify the coordination structures and bureaucracy around the Grand Bargain to ensure greater efficiency and focus.
- Strengthen accountability, with a wider understanding of who signatories are accountable to, including affected populations and taxpayers in donor countries.
The sections on localization are relevant to how element of co-design are implemented from “funding” and “power structure redefinition” perspectives.
The foundational paper for behavior change in WASH - this has real application in the energy sector.
Low-cost technologies have the potential to facilitate significant chance in the WASH sector. By blending the technological and socio-cultural, behavioral change models have the potential to significantly increase the sustainability of technological interventions.
This paper provides the most comprehensive systematic review of current behavioral change methodologies (summarized in table).
The resulting Integrated Behavioural Model for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (IBM-WASH) - integrates contextual, physco-social and technology factors. IBM-WASH is a synthesis of other methods, building on existing research to create a more thorough model. This model does not focus on one group, it manages to transcend the individual level and can be used at the community or on a national level. This model is accessible to practitioners and adaptable for a range of sectors - including humanitarian energy.
The document \"The Lived Experience of Energy and Forced Displacement\" examines the impacts of energy projects on communities who are forcibly displaced from their homes. It presents the findings of a research project that involved interviews with individuals who have been displaced due to energy-related projects in different parts of the world. The document discusses the negative impacts of displacement on individuals' lives, including loss of livelihoods, social disruption, and psychological distress. It also highlights the ways in which energy projects can exacerbate existing inequalities and lead to further marginalization of displaced communities. The document emphasizes the need for energy companies and policymakers to take into account the lived experiences of displaced communities and to prioritize the protection of their human rights. It calls for a more participatory and community-centered approach to energy development that respects the rights and needs of affected communities.
\"The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research\" is a comprehensive guide to qualitative research methods and practices. It includes contributions from experts in the field and covers a wide range of topics, including epistemological and theoretical foundations of qualitative research, research design, data collection and analysis techniques, and ethical considerations. The handbook also provides insights into emerging trends and debates in qualitative research, such as the use of digital technologies and the role of the researcher's identity and positionality in the research process. The handbook emphasizes the importance of reflexivity and transparency in qualitative research, and encourages researchers to critically reflect on their own biases and assumptions. Overall, it serves as a valuable resource for both novice and experienced qualitative researchers seeking to deepen their understanding of the field and improve their research practices.
Paper on mitigating the unintended consequences of technological interventions in low income environments when establishing, implementing and evaluating transdisciplinary research.
The article \"Transdisciplinary research: Exploring impact, knowledge, and quality in the early stages of a sustainable development project\" discusses the importance of transdisciplinary research in sustainable development projects. The article provides an overview of a case study on a sustainable development project in Colombia and highlights the benefits of transdisciplinary research in the early stages of the project.
The article describes the process of engaging stakeholders from diverse disciplines and sectors in the project, emphasizing the importance of building trust and understanding among participants. The authors discuss the challenges of conducting transdisciplinary research, including the need for clear communication and the potential for power imbalances among participants.
The article concludes by highlighting the potential benefits of transdisciplinary research, including the creation of new knowledge and the promotion of more sustainable and equitable outcomes. The authors call for continued investment in transdisciplinary research and the development of frameworks and methodologies to support effective collaboration and knowledge sharing among diverse stakeholders in sustainable development projects.
This paper gives a first insight on humanitarian energy ecosystems co-design from theory to practice. From my search of resources on co-design in humanitarian energy context, this paper is the one I found that defines co-design in humanitarian energy context and gives a first insight in the spectrum of co-design.
This paper focuses on the importance of energy access for displaced communities and how co-design methods can be used in the humanitarian energy sector to integrate the needs of affected populations in the energy system design, delivery, and evaluation process. The authors conduct a rapid review of relevant literature and develop the Spectrum of Co-Design to map different conceptualizations of co-design and their interactions. The study presented the Humanitarian Engineering and Energy for Displacement (HEED) project as a co-design case study, which highlights the importance of building trusting partnerships through meaningful rectification pathways and addressing misconceptions of energy access and use. The study recommends developing new co-design methods to connect different sectors and future-proof energy systems, moving away from siloed sub-sectors of humanitarian energy. Utilizing co-design frameworks like TIME can aid in the co-production of energy programs with all key stakeholders involved and create trusting and equitable partnerships. However, the study emphasizes that acknowledging failures, iterative course correction, and developing a deep understanding of complex contextual factors are necessary for sustained impact in the humanitarian energy ecosystems. Overall, the paper stresses the need for co-design methods that prioritize the needs and perspectives of affected populations and foster collaborative partnerships across sectors to effectively address the lack of energy access in displaced communities.
The MIT D-lab Co-Creation Toolkit for Humanitarian Innovation is a resource designed to support students studies at the D-Lab in developing innovative solutions to complex challenges. The toolkit provides a step-by-step guide to the co-creation process, which involves working closely with communities and other stakeholders to develop solutions that are tailored to their needs and context.
The toolkit consists of several modules, each of which provides guidance on a specific aspect of the co-creation process, such as multi-stakeholder mapping, analysis, and planning exercises; reflection and introspection exercises to understand personal biases and working styles; mindset exercises to create an appropriate environment for co-creation; team building tools to build mutual respect and relationships between stakeholders; co-creation simulations with real-time feedback and analysis tools to evaluate and critique the process; sketch modeling and other three-dimensional representational techniques; and facilitation capacity-building activities.
The toolkit emphasizes the importance of building strong partnerships with communities and other stakeholders, and it provides guidance on how to build trust and foster collaboration. It also emphasizes the importance of taking a participatory and iterative approach to the co-creation process, which involves testing and refining solutions based on feedback from communities and other stakeholders.
The goal of the project, \"Building a Better Response: Strengthening Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Capacity and Engagement in the International Humanitarian Coordination System,\" is to enhance the ability of national and international NGO personnel and other humanitarian actors to engage with the international humanitarian coordination system. This aims to improve overall coordination and response to meet the needs of affected populations. The project is funded by the US Agency for International Development Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance and is implemented through a consortium comprising operational and technical expertise. The initiative is led by International Medical Corps in collaboration with Concern Worldwide and the Harvard Humanitarian Initiative.
This platform provides basic training for practitioners who are new to the humanitarians system.
The Participation for Humanitarian Innovation (P4HI) toolkit is a resource designed to support humanitarian organizations in engaging affected communities in innovation processes. The toolkit provides practical guidance on how to involve affected communities in problem-solving, design, and decision-making processes through different participatory methods. It emphasizes the importance of meaningful and respectful engagement that promotes collaboration, co-creation, and empowerment. The P4HI toolkit includes a range of participatory methods, such as focus group discussions, participatory mapping, and community feedback mechanisms, as well as guidance on how to adapt these methods to different contexts and cultures. The toolkit aims to help organizations improve the relevance, effectiveness, and sustainability of their humanitarian interventions by leveraging the knowledge and expertise of affected communities.
Whilst this article is not specific to co-design one of the ‘four ways’ remains relevant to the wider processes of co-design - “Identify local organisations in crisis response”
Identifying and supporting local NGOs is crucial for international groups, but it can be time-consuming and challenging. ChatGPT, an AI language model, can help by generating lists of grassroots organizations based on prompts like \"women-led local organizations in Syria.\" However, ChatGPT comes with biases and limitations, and it may miss truly local organizations that lack an online presence. While ChatGPT is not a solution to the power imbalances in the aid sector, it provides a starting point for identifying potential partners for crisis response. The AI's help can be useful if humanitarians are serious about creating more just and effective emergency responses.
The other ‘ways’ are; Create content to amplify local voices, navigate complex funding mazes, and minimise legal and administration costs that slow action.
Based on the best available research, standards, and practices across Europe, this handbook guides humanitarian practitioners through the process of creating inclusive programmatic decisions that are relevant to their working context. This handbook was validated through a two year testing period across seven countries.
“Our goal was to create a toolkit that builds on the practical experiences of municipal authorities and local actors in translating national policies into solutions such as appropriate housing, access to documentation and social and economic inclusion. These solutions work best when refugees are fully included in their design and development.”
The Inclusive Participation Toolbox is your guide to understand what meaningful participation of persons with disabilities and their representative organisations (ODPs) means and how to achieve it in a sustainable way.
The document titled \"Inclusion and exclusion in humanitarian action: findings from a three-year study\" presents the findings of a study conducted to examine the inclusion and exclusion of forcibly displaced people in humanitarian action.
The study found that despite some positive efforts, forcibly displaced people continue to face significant challenges in accessing humanitarian services and participating in decision-making processes. The report identifies a range of factors that contribute to exclusion, including discriminatory policies and practices, lack of access to information, and limited opportunities for meaningful participation.
The study also highlights the importance of taking a more context-specific approach to inclusion and exclusion, as different factors may be more or less relevant in different settings. The report suggests that humanitarian actors need to work more closely with forcibly displaced people and their communities to better understand their needs and preferences.
The recommendations are:
- Adopt strong inclusion policies and inclusive humanitarian policies at global and organisational level.
- Rebalance humanitarian responses towards quality and equity.
- Adopt strategic indicators and approaches to operationalise impartiality in humanitarian responses through clear response-level strategies and definitions of success
- Address the fragmented nature of inclusion through more intersectional approaches and greater collaboration by adopting more holistic and joined-up approaches to guidance, training and specialised programming; more collective work and advocacy around common challenges undermining inclusion
- Ensure sufficient resources and capacity exist to support inclusion at an operational level through leadership-level commitments to mainstreaming inclusion within humanitarian organisations.
- Inform inclusive responses by adopting a rights-based understanding of needs and vulnerabilities
- Track exclusion in humanitarian response as part of a renewed commitment to effective impartiality.
- Uphold participation and accountability as a right for all people in crisis.
- Centre the role of local actors in supporting more inclusive responses
- Strengthen links between humanitarian inclusion and the ‘nexus’.
This report offers a ‘state of play’ assessment of progress on gender responsiveness to date, and makes recommendations for funding, designing and delivering better for people of all genders.
The document titled \"Inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action: The good, the bad and the ugly\" by the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) is a report that assesses the inclusion of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action. The report highlights the good practices that have been adopted to promote inclusion, as well as the challenges and gaps that need to be addressed. The report argues that persons with disabilities are often left behind in humanitarian responses, despite being disproportionately affected by crises. It identifies several factors that contribute to this, including inaccessible infrastructure, lack of disability-specific data, and limited disability expertise among humanitarian actors. The report also provides recommendations for improving the inclusion of persons with disabilities, such as promoting disability-inclusive programming and investing in disability expertise. Overall, the report highlights the importance of addressing the needs and rights of persons with disabilities in humanitarian action to ensure that they are not left behind in times of crisis.
\"The Two Worlds of Humanitarian Innovation\" is an article that discusses the contrasting perspectives and approaches to humanitarian innovation within the humanitarian sector. The article argues that there are two distinct \"worlds\" of humanitarian innovation: the more formal top-down approaches, and the more informal community led approaches.
As outlined in the paper, “Attempting to move beyond the rhetoric of ‘bottom-up’ language, this paper has begun to elaborate what bottom-up innovation means in general, and for the humanitarian context in particular. In order to do so, it has surveyed a range of relevant literature from different disciplinary perspectives, most notably innovation theory, design theory, and participatory methods. In each case, it has highlighted the strengths and weaknesses in what these perspectives have to offer, integrating them as a way of beginning to think through a practical framework and research agenda through which to advance bottom-up humanitarian innovation that might be applied to the emergency phase, protracted crises, and recovery, in ways that draw directly upon the skills, aspirations, and entrepreneurship of so-called beneficiary communities.”
The document discusses the importance of supporting intermediaries that facilitate the growth of informal economies in refugee communities. It argues that formal economic structures often do not cater to the needs of refugees and their informal businesses. The document highlights several intermediaries that support informal economies, including microfinance institutions, social enterprises, and NGOs. It suggests that by supporting these intermediaries, policymakers can help to unlock the potential of refugee economies and create more sustainable and inclusive communities.
These 5 actions are critical to engaging with informal systems:
- Supporting and investing in intermediaries that work with informal refugee businesses.
- Recognizing the importance of informal economies in refugee communities and creating policies that support their growth.
- Encouraging collaboration between formal and informal sectors to create more inclusive and sustainable economies.
- Investing in education and training programs that help refugees develop their skills and increase their economic opportunities.
- Conducting research to better understand the needs and challenges of informal economies in refugee communities.
Key findings are:
- The use of various channels and local languages is critical.
- There is need for further awareness on available energy sources.
- End user training on proper wiring and safe use of electrical appliances is important.
- PUE appliance vendors are willing to supply specific products on demand.
- Inclusion of VSLAs training as part of PUE promotion is critical.
- Unlock other financing services to support growth in PUE.
- Opportunity to increase PUE uptake through vendor knowledge on O&M.
The Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) is a programme of work focusing on the social dimensions of emergency responses.
The document titled \"Minimum Quality Standards and Indicators for Early Childhood Development (ECD) Programs in Humanitarian Settings\" by UNICEF MENA provides a framework for ensuring that ECD programs in humanitarian settings meet minimum quality standards. The report identifies four main domains for ECD programs: health, nutrition, child protection, and early learning. Each domain is further broken down into standards and indicators, which are measurable goals that can be used to assess the quality of ECD programs. The report also provides guidance on how to implement and monitor these standards and indicators, as well as recommendations for improving ECD programs in humanitarian settings. Overall, the report aims to ensure that ECD programs in humanitarian settings meet minimum quality standards and provide young children with the best possible start in life.
This report seeks to ensure the meaningful integration of community engagement standards in all aspects of community engagement practice, including project cycles, methodologies, participatory approaches, integration, coordination and resource mobilization.
The document focuses on essential quality criteria recognized by communities, governments, practitioners and researchers as creating an enabling environment for intentional, purposeful deliberation and action.
The article discusses the shortcomings of current approaches used to tackle behavior change necessary for sanitation hardware. A psychological model is presented, which postulates five factors necessary for the formation of new habitual behavior: risk, attitudinal, normative, ability, and self-regulation. Standardized tools are provided for measuring the factors, and behavioral interventions are suggested for each block. The article also presents a statistical analysis method to determine the improvement potential of each factor.
This article requires an institutional login to view.
Assessment using a social science led approach focused on behavioral determinants of the adoption of WASH systems and services. Helpful for practitioners to determine questionnaire and highlight typical barriers to adoption in this use case.
This report highlights that different partnerships in a project are conceived as a platform that aims at providing innovative and sustainable solutions regarding the energy access of displaced and refugee populations. The pilot project in Adi-Harush refugee camp (Ethiopia) shows how a different approaches, based on the collaboration, the sustainability and the involvement of the refugees and the host community can lead to durable solutions and relevant environmental, protection and economic impacts.
In order to cope with the problem of energy access, the users must have a central role. In addition, a better coordination among stakeholders can help to optimize resources and avoid duplication. Business models also enhance livelihood opportunities and can link the humanitarian relief to the development, counting with the support of the private sector.
The paper presents the need for evidence based assessment and development of comprehensive energy delivery approaches to have sustainable and effective energy solutions in displacement settlements. Also, the need of working in collaboration with all potential stakeholders. The details and the issues raised in the paper are exactly in line with definition, design and implementation of co-design/spectrum of co-design.
This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of providing inclusive and sustainable energy solutions in refugee camps. There are still many unanswered questions as to how to deliver energy in a sustainable, efficient and cost-effective manner in refugee camps. This work highlights the need for evidence-based assessments and development of comprehensive delivery approaches. While many humanitarian energy projects do not include an assessment or design phase, detailed assessment before project implementation is critical to ensure long-term success. A lack of quality data can lead to poorly designed interventions. To understand the full range of energy needs, qualitative and lived experience information is also essential. Humanitarian agencies need to develop sustainable interventions that work directly with refugees, displaced people, and host communities to access reliable, more affordable and sustainable energy to support the transition of refugee camps to self-reliant and economically developed spaces. Finally, the study emphasizes that delivering wide-ranging sustainable energy solutions in refugee camps is complex and requires collaborative efforts from different stakeholders taking into account people’s existing knowledge, energy practices, experience and learning from the private-sector to going further and faster together in the delivery of reliable, affordable, modern and sustainable energy for refugees.
This paper looks at the need for sustainable and reliable energy solutions for refugees and their host communities. It carries out an assessment of the energy needs of almost 300 refugee settlements in sub Saharan Africa.
To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7),some of the outcomes that were measured include total electricity demand, Up Front Cost of providing electricity access, and greenhouse gas emissions avoided by deploying solar photovoltaic mini grids instead of diesel.Overall, the report looks at the vision for open access humanitarian data to support further research.
In this paper, it is discussed how private sectors are important for the sustainable supply of modern and sustainable energy services in humanitarian settings and the paper argues that creating an enabling environment for private sector involvement is essential. As it is presented above co-design is involving different stakeholders and to involve such sectors policy and regulation is necessary that favors the involvement of such stakeholders. Therefore, including a policy element on the co-design toolbox could be helpful for energy practitioners in the humanitarian settings.
The paper highlights the increasing trend of humanitarian organizations towards the adoption of sustainable energy practices in programming, including the supply of renewable energy facilities and locally available energy markets. The paper identifies two emerging trends that enable the comprehensive delivery of sustainable energy solutions in displacement settings: aligning humanitarian relief with development objectives and harnessing market-based models and partnerships with the private sector. National coordination models are presented as an effective way to achieve this alignment, with the paper highlighting two examples from Jordan and Kenya, which illustrate the potential for sustainable energy solutions when displaced populations are included in national or sub-national development planning. The paper also identifies the need for partnerships with the private sector, given the insufficient public funds for the growing humanitarian crisis. However, there is little to no guidance on how to effectively operationalize private sector engagements between humanitarian organizations, development actors, host governments, and the private sector. The study suggests streamlining and centralizing coordination as a way to clarify roles and responsibility amongst actors and set clear policy environments for private sector engagement.
The article aims to clarify the confusion surrounding the concepts of local integration, local settlement, and local solutions in the context of forced displacement. It examines the differences between these terms and their implications for policy and practice. The article argues that local integration involves the long-term settlement of refugees in a host country, while local settlement focuses on immediate shelter and basic needs. Local solutions, on the other hand, involve sustainable and context-specific approaches that address the root causes of displacement. The article concludes that disentangling these concepts can help to develop more effective policies that support the rights and needs of refugees and their host communities.
This report provides an overview of key challenges in creating and implementing market based project and programs for clean cooking. Chapter 4 provides a particularly useful overview of the building blocks of market based approaches which would be useful for practitioners who are looking to engage with this topic.
The key findings of the report are:
- Uplifting the world’s poor from cooking poverty is an urgent development issue with huge potential benefits for public health, advancement of gender equality, and the global climate.
- Progress on improving access to clean cooking has been stymied because the sector has been perceived as orphaned, invisible, expensive.
- Since access to clean cooking is critical to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7), it must be integrated into the energy planning process and development policies.
- Increasingly, policy makers and practitioners recognize that scaling up access requires a paradigm shift, supported by large-scale public- and private-sector invest- ments.
- Lessons synthesized from the World Bank’s sector experience suggest the need for mutually reinforcing principles to guide the development of successful operational strategies.
- The extent to which a country has put these principles into practice helps determine how one shapes an intervention to overcome barriers to developing sustainable markets.
- Regardless of the operations models adopted, clean cooking projects must have certain building blocks in place to ensure product access and uptake.
- Scaling up access to clean cooking solutions for all requires systematic approaches to ensure that the long-term impacts of projects are beneficial.
“COLLABORATION AND PARTNERSHIP, INCLUDING WITH PEOPLE AFFECTED BY CRISIS, IMPROVES THE QUALITY, IMPACT AND UPTAKE OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION”
This document is a review of the partnerships established by the Humanitarian Innovation Fund (HIF), which is a grant-giving mechanism that supports innovative humanitarian projects. The review examines the HIF's partnerships with other organizations and identifies good practices, challenges, and lessons learned. The document highlights the importance of establishing partnerships that are based on mutual trust, shared objectives, and effective communication. It also emphasizes the need for flexibility, adaptability, and transparency in partnership development and management. The review identifies several areas for improvement, including the need for more systematic partnership assessment and monitoring, more diverse partnerships, and better alignment of partnerships with HIF's strategic priorities. Overall, the review concludes that partnerships play a critical role in promoting innovation in the humanitarian sector and recommends continued investment in partnership development and management.
This journal paper documents a conversation between a researcher and refugee around the ethics of research with refugees. Whilst the idea and information shared is useful to humanitarian energy practitioners, this article is seems to use the voice of the refugee, Ali, to bring attention to concerns of researchers rather than being an equitable conversation between two people of equally valued lived experience. The researcher often feels the need to contextualize and explain Ali’s thoughts rather than to engage in exploring the details of answers - in short, this article focused on the issues but not the “why”.
The document \"Ethical Considerations: Research with People in Situations of Forced Migration\" provides guidelines for conducting ethical research with individuals who have been forcibly displaced from their homes. It acknowledges the challenges of conducting research in these contexts, including issues related to informed consent, confidentiality, power dynamics, and the potential for harm. The document emphasizes the importance of building trust and establishing a collaborative relationship with participants, and taking steps to ensure their safety and well-being. It also highlights the need to involve and consult with local communities and stakeholders throughout the research process. The document provides practical recommendations for researchers to ensure that their work is conducted in an ethical and sensitive manner that respects the dignity and rights of participants.
The paper draws together a number of guiding principles for ethically engaging with people in situations of forced migration as well as providing a “Checklist for Researchers” and a “Checklist for Organizations and Individuals Working in Contexts of Forced Migration Who Are Approached to Participate in Research”.
Inclusive Energy Access 101 is a four-week course, for all humanitarian practitioners, that introduces the core concepts of energy and inclusion, and equips learners with tools to address energy needs across the humanitarian world.
This session will invite participants to change the humanitarian energy access space by providing expert insights on inclusive data, systemic change in the UN, and inclusive investments. It will mainly focus on the context of displacement communities; how to ensure they are considered and prioritized, and how the inclusion of affected communities in humanitarian energy activities highlights the ‘leave-no-one-behind’ principles.
“Listening to refugees and host communities about their concerns and their ideas for possible solutions is important to inform policy, programmes and the overall refugee response. However, this is rarely done, and in cases where efforts have been made to integrate refugee voices the existing systems and structures have not been effective in achieving positive change.”
By utilizing narratives shared by refugee community leaders, along with his own involvement in the refugee response in Uganda, the author demonstrates how integration efforts have typically relied on temporary livelihood interventions that do not adequately promote resilience to adversities. Additionally, the author emphasizes policy suggestions for sustainable socio-economic integration at a higher level.
The Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach is a participatory and community-centered method for promoting sanitation and hygiene. The approach aims to empower communities to take collective action towards ending open defecation and promoting the construction and use of toilets.
CLTS begins with a process of community mobilization, which involves creating awareness of the negative impacts of open defecation on health and well-being. The approach then utilizes a series of participatory tools, such as transect walks and mapping exercises, to help communities identify areas where open defecation is most common and to develop their own plans for constructing toilets and promoting better hygiene practices.
CLTS has been adopted in many countries around the world and has been credited with significant improvements in sanitation and hygiene, particularly in rural areas. The approach is based on the principles of community participation, empowerment, and ownership, and it has been recognized as an effective and sustainable approach to promoting sanitation and hygiene at the community level.
CTLS has the potential to be applied to the humanitarian setting and has significant value to the energy sector - especially when it comes to clean cooking.
“Ultimately, the objective of the research was to support humanitarian actors to better define and understand the impact of their localisation practices on crisis- affected populations.”
The report identifies a number of key challenges to localisation, including limited funding for local actors, unequal power dynamics between local and international actors, and a lack of meaningful engagement with local communities.
To address these challenges, the report proposes a \"pathway to localisation impact\" that includes three key steps:
STEP 1 Define level and domain of intended impact of localised practices
STEP 2 Articulate the possible causal pathways that correlate with
STEP 3 Test the validity of your causal pathways
The key takeaways from this blog:
Key takeaway #1
Solutions built by communities are more contextually appropriate, and more likely to be impactful and sustainable.
Key takeaway #2
Communities should be protagonists of their own story and development.
Key takeaway #3
There’s still room for international collaboration in a community-led innovation approach.
Key takeaway #4
INGOs and donors must start genuinely listening to communities affected by crisis.
Key takeaway #5
Organisations must critically examine their systems and processes.
Key takeaway #6
Humanitarian actors should start being the change they want to see in the sector.
Read more here - https://www.elrha.org/event/how-community-led-innovation-can-challenge-inequity-and-contribute-to-the-decolonisation-of-humanitarian-aid/
The blog outlines core principles for community-led approaches:
Seek and promote ownership and leadership from the community. Centre all activities, from problem definition to solution design and testing, on the communities.
Prioritise local expertise, knowledge, and community-defined values.
Advocate for inclusivity. Explore power dynamics within the community to ensure equitable engagement with different groups. Everyone brings value and every voice should be heard.
Cultivate relationships and trust. Build equitable relationships with communities, seeking buy-in and support from leadership and community structures.
Communicate transparently and effectively with communities. Create and utilise clear and effective communication channels with communities to ensure equitable access to information.
Reimagine and shift roles, so we are consciously taking on a supportive role and putting communities at the centre of the work, as leaders.
Document and use locally-generated evidence. Learn with and from communities to improve practice. Document and share these learnings.
Deploy a flexible approach that allows adequate time, resources, and regular space for reflection and feedback from the community.
Abstract Cities all over the world are setting ambitious targets of achieving zero carbon emissions and 100% renewable energy in the near future. Such energy transitions are highly complex societal processes, however, necessitating intensive collaboration among regional and national governments, energy companies and utilities, research institutions, advocacy groups, and local communities. Although there has been a rising interest in collaborative approaches such as co-creation in energy transition studies, existing literature on this topic sometimes lacks theoretical rigour or faces problems in practical application. This poses a challenge in assessing what makes co-creation useful for accelerating energy transitions. The aim of this paper is to critically review co-creation and other selected collaborative approaches across the public sector literature to develop an assessment framework for co-creation in strategic planning for energy transitions. Based on this review, the paper suggests that co-creation can be assessed according to the following criteria: 1) the involvement of actors (state, market, community, and third sector) and their roles in different phases (initiation, design, and implementation) of co-creation; 2) the use of four sets of activities (expectation alignment, social learning, resource acquisition, assessment, and evaluation) to foster transformative power; and 3) the outcomes of co-creation. The latter may include new knowledge, new relationships, and new solutions, as well as increased efficiency and social acceptability of the transition processes.
This paper may provide valuable insights and relevance to the co-design process in the humanitarian sector. Although the paper focuses on urban transitions, it offers relevant perspectives and lessons that can be applied in the context of humanitarian energy co-design. These include; co-creation dynamics, stakeholder engagement, inclusive decision making and the assessment of co-creation processes.
This article presents the co-design process of a prototype energy advice service. It evaluates the impact this process had on the outcome over time, demonstrates how co-design generated informative insights and identifies the benefits and challenges of employing a co-design process to design and develop meaningful content for future ‘information-intensive’ services. A theoretical framework, a “think aloud” approach, and systematic data coding, have uncovered user perceptions of the evolving design qualities. This meaning-making co-design process enabled user needs to surface and be iteratively addressed. As the content of the reports became increasingly tailored, and the users’ familiarity with the topic increased, the process highlighted further evolving and underlying information needs. This confirms the value of adopting a content-first approach when designing information-intensive services and foregrounding meaning-making within the complex energy demand reduction context.
While the paper may not directly address the specific challenges and considerations of the humanitarian energy sector, it can offer valuable theoretical frameworks, methodologies and best practices for achieving sustainable and meaningful outcomes from co-design initiatives.
PMSD can be used by practitioners to facilitate market development processes that are participatory, gender-responsive, and systemic. It provides a set of tools and methods that enable practitioners to engage with market actors in a collaborative manner to identify opportunities and constraints, design interventions that address systemic issues, and monitor and evaluate their impact. The approach promotes inclusive market development, which not only benefits the target communities but also strengthens the market system as a whole. PMSD has been utilized in various sectors, including agriculture, energy, and other industries, and has proven effective in addressing complex market challenges. The revised version of PMSD has an increased focus on gender and participation, which is critical in promoting equitable and sustainable market development.
This page provides a condensed summary of co-design practices in the humanitarian sector. It looks to: create a better understanding of meaningful co-design, provide a short theoretical introduction to the topic, provides a number of tools to help this process, and suggests further reading.
This 8 page toolkit guide provides practical guidance on how to co-create a range of initiatives in order to “to strengthen the individual and collective power of stakeholders to create innovative solutions to targeted issues, while creating opportunities for synergy between different groups or teams that sometimes work in silos”. This toolkit outlines the benefits and drawbacks of co-creation, guidelines for designing and leading projects, and templates for participatory workshops based on co-creation
This paper shows that despite the integration of Theory of Change models and the Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) framework in GCRF-funded projects, project aims continue to be driven by researchers rather than reflecting end-user needs. Whilst some projects looked to generate feelings of ownership, adequate engagement strategies and reflective learning practices, these processes are often not formally embedded in project activities resulting in a decoupling of researcher expectations and end-user assumptions – ultimately derailing project outcomes. The recommendations for academics operating within the International Development space are to 1) Talk early, often, and transparently, 2) Keep Thinking – who benefits?, 3) Be reflective, responsive, and open to change and, 4) Use a systematic approach to facilitate this process.” (Robinson et al., 2022, p. 1)
Despite a decade of system-wide reforms, the humanitarian sector is struggling to adapt to the changing needs of people in crises. With humanitarian emergencies becoming more frequent, complex, and prolonged, radical change is necessary.
After conducting four years of research, this report proposes a new model of humanitarian action that challenges outdated assumptions, structures, and behaviors. The report argues that the humanitarian system needs to relinquish power and control to national and local aid organizations, instead of being dominated by the UN and large international NGOs.
The paper suggests a new model of humanitarian action.
First, the UN and large international NGOs need to let go of power and control, to enable national and local aid organisations to lead crisis response.
Second, the humanitarian system needs to let go of the incentives that place organisational drives for greater resources and visibility above the needs of crisis-affected people.
Third, the humanitarian system needs to let go of its own exceptionalism and accept that different forms of relief – from development organisations, religious organisations and private sector companies – can co-exist and can be equally legitimate.
This report outlines the business case for PAYG solar providers deploying energy services in humanitarian contexts. It also highlights lessons learned from the early pilots in energy access in humanitarian contexts to share with broader sector. It also identifies the socio-economic benefits of access to clean energy for displaced populations.
This paper explores the Pay- as-you-go (PAYG) system to help make clean energy affordable for low-income populations, while also creating sustainable business models. PAYG solar can be challenging in more complex market environments where providers need to adapt their payment collection methods, educate customers in the use of digital financial tools and rethink their last- mile distribution strategy.
This research has also considered the role of mobile network operators (MNOs), valuating what would drive them to support energy access in refugee camps.
This report highlights the considerations that PAYG solar providers should take :
- Understand local regulations and the operating environment before rolling out a product
- Balance humanitarian and private sector approaches
- Address the impermanent situation and unique economies of refugee cams through financial models
- Offer agent incentives to build loyalty and increase sales
- Offer flexible payment options via a range of channels that suit the specific humanitarian context
Considerations for humanitarian organisations include:
In the present tradition of humanitarian energy access it lacks the involvement of the private sector in the sector. One of the key aspects of co-design is the involvement of key stakeholders including the private sector, which missed in the trends of energy access in humanitarian settings. This is due to the lack of an enabling environment and encouragement mechanisms for the private sector to be involved. To have a complete and successful co-design in humanitarian settings creating an enabling environment that attracts the contribution of every potential stakeholder is essential. With this regard, this report discusses policies and strategies required to encourage private-sector participation and involvement in humanitarian energy interventions/projects related to finance, where it proposes innovative financing mechanisms. On the other hand, this report gives insights on how to incorporate financing mechanisms in the co-design process. The report underscores the importance of co-design principles in humanitarian settings, particularly regarding financial mechanisms for private-sector involvement in energy interventions. By incorporating stakeholder collaboration, considering project-specific risks, and exploring innovative financing structures, it aims to address the unique challenges faced in displacement settings and ultimately contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7.
This report provides an overview of the financial mechanisms required to encourage private-sector participation in humanitarian energy interventions. These interventions are necessary to meet Sustainable Development Goal 7 by 2030, particularly in displacement settings where there are unique challenges that inhibit the uptake of cleaner energy solutions. Traditional financing approaches may not work in such an underdeveloped market, so alternative structures are needed, such as blended financial instruments. These structures should be specific to the risk and type of project and can include grants, results-based financing, and impact bonds. Displacement settings represent a complex and unpredictable operating environment, requiring not just smart mobilization of financing but also policy and technical interventions to create a more enabling environment for donors, NGOs, the private sector, and potential investors. The authors recommended exploring specific productive and public energy projects coupled with technical assistance to support market data, pipeline development, and project implementation is necessary. They also suggested that researching the merits of a global pooled facility versus more localized and project-specific approaches, and the creation of a dedicated group to aggregate projects across humanitarian settings is essential.
The paper highlights that despite a long history of energy technology for poverty-alleviation initiatives across the globe, many interventions fail at persuading end-users to continue using these technologies beyond an initial adoption phase. Whilst many champion sustainable energy solutions, most evaluation approaches do not consider long-term sustained use. This paper presents a novel interdisciplinary formative and evaluative implementation or delivery model, the qualitative Technology Implementation Model for Energy (TIME), for practitioners and policymakers. TIME focuses on refining three core areas of energy technology implementation; to rethink how the impact is defined, to understand differences between practitioner perception and end-user reality, and to champion a co-produced approach with all key stakeholders in the energy system.
This paper is highly relevant to the co-design of humanitarian energy as it highlights the challenges and failures of interventions in considering long-term solutions or uses. The ‘TIME’ delivery model can also be categorised as a co-design approach to aid the understanding of the differences between practitioner perception and end-user reality.
As a result of the lessons learned from the Humanitarian Engineering and Energy for Displacement (HEED) project around the different perceptions of innovation between key energy stakeholders, this paper looks to engage with questions around ensuring innovation in the humanitarian sector, and more specifically humanitarian energy is responsible. How can we define responsible? Is responsible innovation a theoretical nicety or can it ensure a just energy transition as outlined by the SDGs? What does responsible innovation look like in reality? Building to our underlying research question: what is the state-of-the-art in responsible innovation for humanitarian energy and how is it implemented at the project level?
This paper is relevant to the co-design of humanitarian energy as it explores innovation as a framework to improve the delivery of the SDGs. It also engages with questions in humanitarian energy around ensuring innovation, and exploring what responsible innovation looks like in reality. Overall, it provides recommendations for future research-based humanitarian energy projects and practices in the field.
This paper presents the development of a new approach to address the challenges of energy access in humanitarian settings which is developing a new framework for designing sustainable energy solutions in displacement settings. The framework combines sustainability considerations with co-design principles, enabling the creation of sustainable interventions and business models that align with the local context. This paper could be taken as a reference for the co-designing toolbox for humanitarian energy practitioners, since it considered the principles of co-design in the development of the proposed framework.
This paper introduces a novel framework for designing sustainable energy solutions in displacement settings. The framework emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive and structured approach to enhance sustainability practices within the humanitarian and development sectors. By incorporating various sustainability aspects and existing planning tools, as well as promoting co-design principles, inclusivity and energy access can be improved. It illustrates the practical application and potential of co-design in humanitarian settings by implementing the framework in the design of a solar mini grid in Djibouti's Holl Holl refugee camp. This approach encourages active participation from all stakeholders, including the displaced community, humanitarian practitioners, and local partners, in the planning and design process. By involving these stakeholders, the energy interventions can effectively address the specific needs and preferences of the camp's residents. The framework combines sustainability considerations with co-design principles, enabling the creation of sustainable interventions and business models that align with the local context. It challenges the prevailing sectoral and short-term thinking within the humanitarian sector, prioritizing long-term sustainability and empowering the displaced population. Generally, the study presents a roadmap for integrating co-design principles into the planning and design of energy access interventions in humanitarian settings. Through the involvement of all stakeholders and the consideration of their perspectives, this framework facilitates the development of more effective and sustainable energy solutions that contribute to the well-being and resilience of displaced communities.
“The Humanitarian Innovation Guide is a growing online resource to help individuals and organisations find their starting point and navigate the humanitarian innovation journey” - The guide covers a wide range of topics and provides step-by-step guidance on various aspects of humanitarian innovation, including:
- Understanding the context: It emphasizes the importance of gaining a deep understanding of the local context, needs, and existing systems before developing innovative solutions.
- Identifying challenges and opportunities: The guide helps users identify and define the key challenges and opportunities that can be addressed through innovation.
- Generating ideas: It offers techniques and approaches for generating creative ideas that have the potential to address humanitarian challenges effectively.
- Designing and prototyping: The guide provides guidance on designing and prototyping innovative solutions, emphasizing the importance of user-centered design and rapid prototyping.
- Testing and iterating: It explains the process of testing and iterating solutions, encouraging innovators to learn from failures and continuously improve their ideas.
- Implementation and scaling: The guide offers insights on how to implement innovative solutions effectively and scale them up to have a broader impact.
- Monitoring and evaluation: It highlights the significance of monitoring and evaluating the impact of innovative interventions and provides guidance on how to assess and measure the outcomes.
- Sustainability and ethical considerations: The guide addresses the importance of considering sustainability and ethical aspects when developing and implementing innovative solutions.
The Humanitarian Innovation Guide also includes case studies, practical examples, and resources to support innovators in their journey. It aims to promote a culture of innovation within the humanitarian sector and facilitate the development of solutions that can positively impact the lives of people affected by crises.
The HIP program supports humanitarian innovation in order to encourage cross-sectoral partnerships are essential to address current and future humanitarian needs, primarily through private-public partnerships. The HIP programs has a range of helpful resources that enable humanitarian innovator to navigate the project conceptualization, needs assessments, market dialogue, implementation, and evaluation project system steps.
-
-
-
-
{data.Title}
-
{data.Author}
- {(access === "Institutional Access" ||
- access === "Paid Service" ||
- access === "Open Source") && (
-
-
-
- )}
-
-
- Author: {data.Author}
-
- {summary && (
-
- Summary: {summary}
-
- )}
+
+
+
+ {data.title &&
{data.title}
}
+ {data.authors &&
{data.authors}
}
+ {(access === "Institutional Access" ||
+ access === "Paid Service" ||
+ access === "Open Source") && (
+
+
+
+ )}
+
+ {data.authors && (
- Title: {data.Title}
+ Author(s): {data.authors}
+ )}
+ {summary && (
+
+ Summary: {summary}
+
+ )}
+ {data.title && (
- Tags: {data.Manual_Tags}
+ Title: {data.title}
-
+ )}
+
+ Tags: {data.tags}
+
-
+
+
);
}
diff --git a/src/data/basic-tools/approaches.ts b/src/data/basic-tools/approaches.ts
index 5d78944..f59405a 100644
--- a/src/data/basic-tools/approaches.ts
+++ b/src/data/basic-tools/approaches.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
import { Block } from "@/types/interfaces";
-import output from "../../../public/data.json";
+import output from "@/data/zotero";
import { toolsData } from "./tools-data";
const rawApproaches = output
diff --git a/src/data/basic-tools/index.ts b/src/data/basic-tools/index.ts
index f767b20..d964fe7 100644
--- a/src/data/basic-tools/index.ts
+++ b/src/data/basic-tools/index.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import { Block, Entry, Group } from "@/types/interfaces";
-import output from "../../../public/data.json";
+import output from "@/data/zotero";
+import { Block, Entry } from "@/types/interfaces";
import { approaches } from "./approaches";
import { toolsData } from "./tools-data";
diff --git a/src/data/case-studies/index.ts b/src/data/case-studies/index.ts
index 8918a4d..c0b2fe1 100644
--- a/src/data/case-studies/index.ts
+++ b/src/data/case-studies/index.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
import { Group } from "@/types/interfaces";
-import output from "../../../public/data.json";
-import { technologies } from "./technologies";
-import { levels } from "./levels";
+import output from "@/data/zotero";
const caseStudies = output.filter(
(data) => data?.PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS["CASE STUDY GROUP"]
);
const toolKits = output.filter(
- (data) => data?.PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS["CORE_TOOLKIT"]
+ (data) => data?.PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS["CORE TOOLKIT"]
);
const groups: Group[] = [
diff --git a/src/data/case-studies/levels.ts b/src/data/case-studies/levels.ts
index d044ba2..c6790bd 100644
--- a/src/data/case-studies/levels.ts
+++ b/src/data/case-studies/levels.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import output from "../../../public/data.json";
+import output from "@/data/zotero";
const rawLevels = output.map((data) => data?.PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS['CASE STUDY LEVEL']).flat().filter((theme) => theme) as string[]
diff --git a/src/data/case-studies/technologies.ts b/src/data/case-studies/technologies.ts
index 672b4da..35a112e 100644
--- a/src/data/case-studies/technologies.ts
+++ b/src/data/case-studies/technologies.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import output from "../../../public/data.json";
+import output from "@/data/zotero";
const rawTechnlogies = output
.map((data) => data?.PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS["CASE STUDY TECH"])
diff --git a/src/data/data-resources.ts b/src/data/data-resources.ts
index f5af111..0f5714b 100644
--- a/src/data/data-resources.ts
+++ b/src/data/data-resources.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import output from "../../public/data.json";
+import output from "@/data/zotero";
const dataResources = output
.map((entry) => entry?.PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS?.ACCESS)
diff --git a/src/data/levels-data.ts b/src/data/levels-data.ts
index 7285fd3..696432d 100644
--- a/src/data/levels-data.ts
+++ b/src/data/levels-data.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
export const levelsData = [
{
title: "Level 0",
- attribute: "CO_DESIGN_LEVEL",
+ attribute: "CO-DESIGN LEVEL",
description: "Contextually Disconnected Design",
text: "These methods result in design without a current contextual understanding of the community, designing systems that reinforce cultural tropes and knowledge hierarchies, or in short design, for a theoretically imagined community.",
},
{
title: "Level 1",
- attribute: "CO_DESIGN_LEVEL",
+ attribute: "CO-DESIGN LEVEL",
description: "Basic Principle",
text: "The minimum co-design method where community members or individuals are consulted as customers on their needs, aspirations and desires, including working within the existing socio-cultural, environmental, and financial systems of focus communities. Often involves designing for or on behalf of communities.",
},
{
title: "Level 2",
- attribute: "CO_DESIGN_LEVEL",
+ attribute: "CO-DESIGN LEVEL",
description: "Current Best Practice",
text: "Level 2 is where the methods of co-design work towards inclusivity, understand FDPs as agents of change through mobilising local resources and existing community-based structures to support HE projects",
},
{
title: "Level 3",
- attribute: "CO_DESIGN_LEVEL",
+ attribute: "CO-DESIGN LEVEL",
description: "Fighting the System",
text: "Engaging in transformational knowledge exchanges that are led by affected and at risk individuals and communities in order to dismantle existing power structures that constrain co-design processes",
},
diff --git a/src/data/practice/levels.ts b/src/data/practice/levels.ts
index f059a52..d21aa49 100644
--- a/src/data/practice/levels.ts
+++ b/src/data/practice/levels.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-import output from "../../../public/data.json";
+import output from "@/data/zotero";
const rawLevels = output
- .map((data) => data?.PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS["CO_DESIGN_LEVEL"])
+ .map((data) => data?.PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS["CO-DESIGN LEVEL"])
.flat()
.filter((theme) => theme)
.sort() as string[];
diff --git a/src/data/resources/themes/index.ts b/src/data/resources/themes/index.ts
index 78d205c..0f570a9 100644
--- a/src/data/resources/themes/index.ts
+++ b/src/data/resources/themes/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import output from "../../../../public/data.json";
+import output from "@/data/zotero";
import themeData from "./theme-data";
const rawthemes = output.map((data) => data?.PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS?.THEME).flat().filter((theme) => theme) as string[]
diff --git a/src/data/zotero.ts b/src/data/zotero.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79525aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data/zotero.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import groupBy from "lodash.groupby";
+import rawData from "../../public/zotero_data.json";
+
+function parseRelations(extra: string | null | undefined) {
+ if (!extra?.includes("RELATES_TO:")) return [];
+ return extra
+ .split("RELATES_TO:")[1]
+ .split("|")
+ .map((item) => item.trim());
+}
+
+function parseTags(tags: { tag: string }[]) {
+ const list: { key: string; value: string }[] = [];
+ tags.forEach((tag) => {
+ const [key, value] = tag.tag.split(":").map((item) => item.trim());
+ list.push({ key, value });
+ });
+ const groupedList = groupBy(list, "key");
+
+ const output: any = {};
+
+ Object.keys(groupedList).forEach((key) => {
+ output[key] = groupedList[key].map((item) => item.value || null);
+ });
+ return output;
+}
+
+function parseAuthors(creators: any[]) {
+ return creators
+ ? creators
+ ?.filter((creator) => creator.creatorType === "author")
+ .map((author) => {
+ if (author.firstName && author.lastName) {
+ return `${author.firstName} ${author.lastName}`;
+ } else if (author.name) {
+ return author.name;
+ }
+ return "";
+ })
+ .join("; ")
+ : null;
+}
+
+function parseZotero() {
+ const output = rawData.map(({ data }) => data);
+
+ return output.map((entry: any) => {
+ return {
+ key: entry.key,
+ itemType: entry.itemType,
+ title: entry.title,
+ authors: parseAuthors(entry.creators),
+ url: entry.url,
+ websiteTitle: entry.websiteTitle,
+ note: entry.abstractNote,
+ language: entry.language,
+ date: entry.date,
+ dateAdded: entry.dateAdded,
+ dateModified: entry.dateModified,
+ accessDate: entry.accessDate,
+ PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS: parseTags(entry.tags),
+ PARSED_RELATES_TO: parseRelations(entry.extra),
+ tags: entry.tags.map((tag: any) => tag?.tag).join("; "),
+ };
+ });
+}
+
+const zoteroData = parseZotero();
+
+export default zoteroData;
diff --git a/src/pages/index.tsx b/src/pages/index.tsx
index 858c955..8f4eae3 100644
--- a/src/pages/index.tsx
+++ b/src/pages/index.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
import Group from "@/components/Group";
import resources from "@/data/resources/advanced-resources";
+
+
const AdvancedResources = () => {
return (
diff --git a/src/types/interfaces.ts b/src/types/interfaces.ts
index 0db0a17..5fd6e70 100644
--- a/src/types/interfaces.ts
+++ b/src/types/interfaces.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
export interface ParsedManualTags {
CORE_TOOLKIT?: boolean;
- CO_DESIGN_LEVEL?: string;
+ ["CO-DESIGN LEVEL"]?: string;
["USEFUL FOR"]?: string[];
["PROJECT STEP"]?: string;
["CASE STUDY THEME"]?: string[] | string;
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ export interface ParsedManualTags {
}
export interface Entry {
- Key: string;
- Title: string;
- Author: string;
- Notes: string;
- Url: string;
- Extra: string | null;
- Manual_Tags: string;
+ key: string;
+ title: string;
+ authors: string;
+ notes: string;
+ url: string;
+ extra: string | null;
+ tags: string;
PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS: ParsedManualTags;
PARSED_RELATES_TO?: string[];
}
diff --git a/src/utils/canvas.ts b/src/utils/canvas.ts
index cadcc97..a1a76d2 100644
--- a/src/utils/canvas.ts
+++ b/src/utils/canvas.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
export const generateNode = (label: any) => ({
- id: label.Key,
+ id: label.key,
data: label,
position: { x: 0, y: 0 },
draggable: false,
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ export const parseEdges = (data: any[]) =>
let targetIds = element.PARSED_RELATES_TO;
return targetIds.map((targetId: any, subIndex: any) =>
- generateEdge(element.Key, targetId, index, subIndex)
+ generateEdge(element.key, targetId, index, subIndex)
);
});
diff --git a/src/utils/nodes.ts b/src/utils/nodes.ts
index a6a0b07..cef258b 100644
--- a/src/utils/nodes.ts
+++ b/src/utils/nodes.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export function getColorByAccess(accessType: string) {
}
export const getLevel = (data: any) => {
- const coDesignLevel = data.PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS?.CO_DESIGN_LEVEL;
+ const coDesignLevel = data.PARSED_MANUAL_TAGS?.["CO-DESIGN LEVEL"];
if (Array.isArray(coDesignLevel)) return coDesignLevel[0];
return coDesignLevel;
};