The types char and str hold textual data.
A value of type char is a Unicode scalar value (i.e. a code point that is
not a surrogate), represented as a 32-bit unsigned word in the 0x0000 to 0xD7FF
or 0xE000 to 0x10FFFF range. It is immediate Undefined Behavior to create a
char that falls outside this range. A [char] is effectively a UCS-4 / UTF-32
string of length 1.
A value of type str is represented the same way as [u8], a slice of
8-bit unsigned bytes. However, the Rust standard library makes extra assumptions
about str: methods working on str assume and ensure that the data in there
is valid UTF-8. Calling a str method with a non-UTF-8 buffer can cause
Undefined Behavior now or in the future.
Since str is a dynamically sized type, it can only be instantiated through a
pointer type, such as &str.
char is guaranteed to have the same size and alignment as u32 on all platforms.
Every byte of a char is guaranteed to be initialized (in other words,
transmute::<char, [u8; size_of::<char>()]>(...) is always sound -- but since
some bit patterns are invalid chars, the inverse is not always sound).