allbiomarkers-all.csv

"Assessed biomarker entity ID","Main x-ref","Assessed biomarker entity","Biomarker","BEST biomarker type","Specimen type","LOINC code","Disease name","Assessed entity type","Literature evidence","Notes"
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","Univariate analysis of all patients demonstrated that an extent of disease (EOD) on bone scanning > or = 1, IL-6 > or = 7 pg/ml, PS > or = 1, PSA > 100 ng/ml, and ALP > 620 IU/liter were associated with a significantly lower survival rate than their respective counterparts. In multivariate analysis, however, the only two significant prognostic factors were EOD and IL-6. These results indicate that the serum IL-6 level is a significant prognostic factor for prostate cancer as well as EOD. [PMID:10914713]",""
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Serial measurement of circulating IL-6 levels may be important in identifying disease progression among COVID-19-infected patients. [PMID:32259560] The decrease of IL-6 was closely related to treatment effectiveness, while the increase of IL-6 indicated disease exacerbation. Collectively, the dynamic change of IL-6 level can be used as a marker for disease monitoring in patients with severe COVID-19. [PMID:32428990] Elevated levels of IL-6, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, and ferritin all had an independent increased risk for the clinical outcomes assessed (ICU admission, invasive ventilatory support and death), which were statistically significant. [PMID:32677844] Clinical biomarkers for chronic inflammation, in particular Interleukin-6, predict the severity of COVID-19. [PMID:32438331] C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. [PMID:32475810] Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in cytokine release syndrome. If it is possible to block the signal transduction pathway of IL-6, it is expected to become a new method for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32234467] findings in this study include determining independent associations between biomarkers for inflammation (interleukin-6) and thrombosis (D-dimer) and mortality. [PMID:32442528] lower lymphocyte counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lower monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils elevated inflammatory cytokines. T cells significantly decreased, helper T (Th) cells and suppressor T cells were below normal levels naive Th cells increased and memory Th cells decreased. lower levels of regulatory T cells. [PMID:32161940] The maximal level of IL-6, followed by CRP level, was highly predictive of the need for mechanical ventilation. This suggests the possibility of using IL-6 or CRP level to guide escalation of treatment in patients with COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory syndrome. [PMID:32425269] Since the proportionate rise of IL-6 is correlated with disease severity, this study can prove ground-breaking. [PMID:32475810] Up-regulated IL-6 levels may serve as a potential marker for predicting progression of COVID19 patients. [PMID:32385523] IL-6 and d-D were closely related to the occurrence of severe COVID-19 in the adult patients, and their combined detection had the highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 patients, which has important clinical value. [PMID:32181911]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","A deep network analysis has suggested clinical biomarkers predicting the higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection: Hypertension, elevated serum Alanine aminotransferase, high Interleukin-6, and low Lymphocytes count. In particular, patients with diabetes, but also those with prediabetic state, deserve special attention. [PMID:32438331] The serum levels of IL-6 and CRP can effectively assess disease severity and predict outcome in patients with COVID-19. [PMID:32344321] In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. [PMID:32286245]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","IL-6 plays multifaceted roles in regulation of vascular leakage, complement activation, and coagulation pathways, which ultimately causes poor outcomes for acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and SARS. [PMID:32479790] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH, these finds were similar to previous studies. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","protein","IL-6 plays multifaceted roles in regulation of vascular leakage, complement activation, and coagulation pathways, which ultimately causes poor outcomes for acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and SARS. [PMID:32479790] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH, these finds were similar to previous studies. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","IL-6 plays multifaceted roles in regulation of vascular leakage, complement activation, and coagulation pathways, which ultimately causes poor outcomes for acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and SARS. [PMID:32479790] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH, these finds were similar to previous studies. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","IL-6 plays multifaceted roles in regulation of vascular leakage, complement activation, and coagulation pathways, which ultimately causes poor outcomes for acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and SARS. [PMID:32479790] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH, these finds were similar to previous studies. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","IL-6 plays multifaceted roles in regulation of vascular leakage, complement activation, and coagulation pathways, which ultimately causes poor outcomes for acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and SARS. [PMID:32479790] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH, these finds were similar to previous studies. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","cervical cancer (DOID:4362)","protein","IL-6 plays multifaceted roles in regulation of vascular leakage, complement activation, and coagulation pathways, which ultimately causes poor outcomes for acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and SARS. [PMID:32479790] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH, these finds were similar to previous studies. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","IL-6 plays multifaceted roles in regulation of vascular leakage, complement activation, and coagulation pathways, which ultimately causes poor outcomes for acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and SARS. [PMID:32479790] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH, these finds were similar to previous studies. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","IL-6 plays multifaceted roles in regulation of vascular leakage, complement activation, and coagulation pathways, which ultimately causes poor outcomes for acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and SARS. [PMID:32479790] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH, these finds were similar to previous studies. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","IL-6 plays multifaceted roles in regulation of vascular leakage, complement activation, and coagulation pathways, which ultimately causes poor outcomes for acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and SARS. [PMID:32479790] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH, these finds were similar to previous studies. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","hematologic cancer (DOID:2531)","protein","IL-6 plays multifaceted roles in regulation of vascular leakage, complement activation, and coagulation pathways, which ultimately causes poor outcomes for acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and SARS. [PMID:32479790] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH, these finds were similar to previous studies. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well|lymphoma (DOID:8584)"
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","IL-6 plays multifaceted roles in regulation of vascular leakage, complement activation, and coagulation pathways, which ultimately causes poor outcomes for acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and SARS. [PMID:32479790] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH, these finds were similar to previous studies. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","safety","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","The mean of glycemia during hospitalization was 10.65 ± 0.84 mmol/L in the no insulin infusion group and 7.69 ± 1.85 mmol/L in the insulin infusion group. At baseline, IL-6 and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the hyperglycemic group than in the normoglycemic group (P < 0.001). Even though all patients were on standard treatment for COVID-19 infection, IL-6 and D-dimer levels persisted higher in patients with hyperglycemia during hospitalization. [PMID:32430456] Our study is suggestive of S100A8/A9 and IL-6 being related to a persistent diabetes status post-surgically and of different pathophysiological mechanisms being involved in the post-surgical changes in the three groups, despite similar decreases in BMI. [PMID:28848164] Significantly higher IL-15 and IL-6 concentrations, HOMAIR, and markedly lower eGDR in newly diagnosed AD patients and first-degree relatives with positive anti-islet antibodies might suggest the role of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. IL-15 and IL-6 might be used as biomarkers of the risk of autoimmune diabetes development. [PMID:31772933]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0001","UPKB:P05231","Interleukin-6 (IL6)","increased IL6 level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","26881-3","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","Significantly higher IL-15 and IL-6 concentrations, HOMAIR, and markedly lower eGDR in newly diagnosed AD patients and first-degree relatives with positive anti-islet antibodies might suggest the role of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. IL-15 and IL-6 might be used as biomarkers of the risk of autoimmune diabetes development. [PMID:31772933]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0002","PCCID:56841902","Procalcitonin (PCT)","increased PCT level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","33959-8","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] We found that pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer. [PMID:32479790]",""
"A0002","PCCID:56841902","Procalcitonin (PCT)","increased PCT level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","33959-8","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Procalcitonin values are associated with a nearly 5-fold higher risk of severe SARS-COV-2 infection. [PMID:32145275] Compared with the nonsevere group, most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers, including procalcitonin (0.1 vs 0.05 ng/mL; P < .001), serum ferritin (800.4 vs 523.7 ng/mL; P < .001), and C-reactive protein (57.9 vs 33.2 mg/L; P < .001). [PMID:32161940] Besides radiographic presentations, variables that were associated significantly with severity of COVID-19 were decreased lymphocytes, elevated body temperature, and high levels of procalcitonin, D-dimer, and creatine kinase MB. [PMID:32220650] The serum levels of CRP, PCT and ferritin are markedly increased in very severe compared with severe COVID-19. [PMID:32615866] This meta-analysis showed that an elevated serum CRP, PCT, D-dimer, and ferritin were associated with a poor outcome in COVID-19. [PMID:32615866]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0002","PCCID:56841902","Procalcitonin (PCT)","increased PCT level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","33959-8","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","Procalcitonin is a prognostic marker of hospital outcomes in patients with Critical Limb Ischemia and Diabetic Foot Infection. It could be assumed that PCT may be useful for early diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response including nonseptic patients. It could help to identify high risk patients even without clear clinical signs and may be used to improve clinician's strategies (i.e., need of intensive unit, reinforcement of antibiotic therapy, and close monitoring of vital signs, hemodynamic parameters, and laboratory values). [PMID:31485450]",""
"A0002","PCCID:56841902","Procalcitonin (PCT)","increased PCT level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","33959-8","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Serial procalcitonin measurement may play a role for predicting evolution towards a more severe form of disease. [PMID:32145275] Increased procalcitonin values were associated with a nearly 5-fold higher risk of severe infection (OR = 4.76; 95% CI: 2.74-8.29, I2 = 34%). [PMID:32282949]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0003","CO:CL_0000738","White blood cell (WBC)","increased WBC count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","26464-8","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. [PMID:32286245] With following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R >793.5U/mL, CRP >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >2252ug/L, WBC>9.5x10^9/L or NC >7.305x10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. [PMID:33349241] Lower lymphocyte counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lower monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils elevated inflammatory cytokines T cells significantly decreased, helper T (Th) cells and suppressor T cells were below normal levels naive Th cells increased and memory Th cells decreased lower levels of regulatory T cells. [PMID:32161940]",""
"A0003","CO:CL_0000738","White blood cell (WBC)","increased WBC count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26464-8","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Patients with flu had higher WBC, granulocyte and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, compared with COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32281668] In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. [PMID:32286245]",""
"A0003","CO:CL_0000738","White blood cell (WBC)","increased WBC count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","A retrospective study including 187 patients with COVID-19 from another hospital in Wuhan showed that patients with high troponin-T levels had leukocytosis (P < .001), increased neutrophils (P < .001) and decreased lymphocytes (P = .01). [PMID:32282949]",""
"A0003","CO:CL_0000738","White blood cell (WBC)","increased WBC count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","cell","The strength of this study is the robust association between leukocytosis and poor prognosis in a homogenous cohort of HNSCC, treated with concurrent cisplatin. [PMID:30073209]",""
"A0003","CO:CL_0000738","White blood cell (WBC)","increased WBC count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","26464-8","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","cell","The blood count results showed anaemia in 21 (75%) patients, leucopaenia in 9 (32.1%) patients, and lymphopaenia in 23 (82.1%) patients.  Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died. [PMID:32224151] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0003","CO:CL_0000738","White blood cell (WBC)","increased WBC count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","26464-8","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","cell","The blood count results showed anaemia in 21 (75%) patients, leucopaenia in 9 (32.1%) patients, and lymphopaenia in 23 (82.1%) patients.  Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died. [PMID:32224151] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0003","CO:CL_0000738","White blood cell (WBC)","increased WBC count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","26464-8","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","cell","The blood count results showed anaemia in 21 (75%) patients, leucopaenia in 9 (32.1%) patients, and lymphopaenia in 23 (82.1%) patients.  Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died. [PMID:32224151] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0004","CO:CL_0000542","Lymphocyte (LYMP)","decreased LYMP count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26474-7","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","cell","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209]",""
"A0004","CO:CL_0000542","Lymphocyte (LYMP)","decreased LYMP count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","cell","Lymphopenia was found in 49/260 (19%) of patients. Ten of these 49 patients had severe hematological toxicity. Lymphopenia was strongly associated with shorter progression-free survival (median 4 vs. 7 months; P = 0.033) and shorter overall survival (median 16 vs. 24 months, P = 0.024). Multivariate analysis revealed that lymphopenia had an independent effect on survival. Lymphopenia in conclusion is proven to be an independent predictive factor for chemotherapy and hematological toxicity in colorectal cancer. [PMID:21448592]","Lymphocyte count<1,000/ul"
"A0004","CO:CL_0000542","Lymphocyte (LYMP)","decreased LYMP count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26474-7","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Patients with higher initial SAA are more likely to have poor CT imaging. Our study indicated that SAA/L. CRP, SAA, and l are valuable in predicting the severity and distinguishing critically ill patients from mild ones. [PMID:32277967] Lymphocytes and platelet count showed significantly lower levels in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. [PMID:32475810] the combinations of the hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and high concentrations of CRP and LDH in 2019-nCoV infected patients upon hospital admission may predict more severe acute lung injury. [PMID:32048163] Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] Clinical biomarkers predicting the higher risk: Hypertension, elevated serum Alanine aminotransferase, high Interleukin-6, decreased Lymphocytes count. [PMID:32438331] We propose that a few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, L/N ratio, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room. [PMID:32471703] In this study, the most important finding was that the neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and platelet count were independent risk factors for predicting the development of severe illness in COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32352397] Lymphopenia is an effective and reliable indicator of the severity and hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32377400] In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. [PMID:32286245]",""
"A0004","CO:CL_0000542","Lymphocyte (LYMP)","decreased LYMP count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","26474-7","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","SAA and Lymphocytes are sensitive indicators in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. [PMID:32277967] Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] Lower lymphocyte counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lower monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils elevated inflammatory cytokines T cells significantly decreased, helper T (Th) cells and suppressor T cells were below normal levels naive Th cells increased and memory Th cells decreased lower levels of regulatory T cells. [PMID:32161940] Lymphocytes and platelet count showed significantly lower levels in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. [PMID:32475810] Besides radiographic presentations, variables that were associated significantly with severity of COVID-19 were decreased lymphocytes, elevated body temperature, and high levels of procalcitonin, D-dimer, and creatine kinase MB. [PMID:32220650] In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. [PMID:32286245]",""
"A0004","CO:CL_0000542","Lymphocyte (LYMP)","decreased LYMP count","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Detailed clinical investigation of 140 hospitalized COVID-19 cases suggests eosinopenia together with lymphopenia may be a potential indicator for diagnosis. [PMID:32077115]",""
"A0004","CO:CL_0000542","Lymphocyte (LYMP)","decreased LYMP count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Lymphopenia is a prominent part of severe COVID-19 and a lymphocyte count of less than 1.5 x 10^9/L may be useful in predicting the severity clinical outcomes. [PMID:32376308]",""
"A0004","CO:CL_0000542","Lymphocyte (LYMP)","decreased LYMP count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","cell","In multivariate analysis (Cox model), lymphopenia was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in metastatic breast cancer (RR: 1.8; 95%CI 1.3-2.4) along with liver metastases and PS; in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (RR: 1.46; 95%CI 1.0-2.1) along with liver metastases, lung metastases and PS; and in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR: 1.48; 95%CI 1.03-2.1) along with IPI. Our findings demonstrate that lymphopenia is an independent prognostic factor for overall and progression-free survival in several cancers. [PMID:19549917]",""
"A0004","CO:CL_0000542","Lymphocyte (LYMP)","decreased LYMP count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26474-7","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","cell","In the present study, the number of leukocytes was increased but that of lymphocytes was decreased in diabetic patients. [PMID:15225139]",""
"A0005","CO:CL_0000233","Platelet (PLAT)","decreased PLAT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","11125-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Low platelet count is associated with increased risk of severe disease and mortality in patients with COVID-19, and thus should serve as clinical indicator of worsening illness during hospitalization. [PMID:32178975] In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. [PMID:32286245]",""
"A0005","CO:CL_0000233","Platelet (PLAT)","decreased PLAT count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","11125-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Meta-analysis of 1799 patients reveal those with severe COVID-19 infections had significantly lower platelet counts. Despite the varying definitions of disease severity and thrombocytopenia having an influence on results analysis, platelet count could possibly be used clinically to indicate infection severity. Lymphocytes and platelet count showed significantly lower levels in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. [PMID:32475810] In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. [PMID:32286245]",""
"A0006","PRO:PR_000050342","Serum ferritin (SFER)","increased SFER level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","2276-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. [PMID:32286245] Higher serum ferritin levels were associated with higher odds of death at the univariate analysis (OR = 9.10, 95%CI: 2.04-40.58; P = .004). [PMID:32282949]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977)."
"A0006","PRO:PR_000050342","Serum ferritin (SFER)","increased SFER level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","2276-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Higher serum ferritin levels were associated with higher odds of death at the univariate analysis (OR = 9.10, 95%CI: 2.04-40.58; P = .004). [PMID:32282949] In hospitalized patients with respiratory distress, we recommend clinicians closely monitor WBC count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, IL-6 and serum ferritin as markers for potential progression to critical illness. [PMID:32286245]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977)."
"A0006","PRO:PR_000050342","Serum ferritin (SFER)","increased SFER level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","2276-4","gastrointestinal system cancer (DOID:3119)","protein","These results indicate that serum ferritin is a valid clinical biochemical marker to predict survival of patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancers. [PMID:29879960]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","decreased CD4+ T count","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Consequently, the counts of CD8+T and CD4+T cells can be used as diagnostic markers of COVID-19 and predictors of disease severity. [PMID:32379887] Lymphocyte subset (CD4+, CD8+) counts reflect the severity of infection and predict the clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. [PMID:32283159]",""
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","decreased CD4+ T count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","cell","Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. [PMID:32479790]",""
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","decreased CD4+ T count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","cell","Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. [PMID:32479790]",""
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","decreased CD4+ T count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","cell","Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. [PMID:32479790]",""
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","decreased CD4+ T count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","cell","Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. [PMID:32479790]",""
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","decreased CD4+ T count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","cell","Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. [PMID:32479790]",""
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","decreased CD4+ T count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","cervical cancer (DOID:4362)","cell","Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. [PMID:32479790]",""
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","decreased CD4+ T count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","cell","Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. [PMID:32479790]",""
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","decreased CD4+ T count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","cell","Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. [PMID:32479790]",""
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","decreased CD4+ T count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","cell","Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. [PMID:32479790]",""
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","decreased CD4+ T count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","hematologic cancer (DOID:2531)","cell","Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. [PMID:32479790]","lymphoma (DOID:8584)"
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","decreased CD4+ T count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","cell","Several risk factors for COVID-19 severity in patients with cancer, including advanced tumour stage, elevated TNF-alpha and NT-proBNP, and decreased CD4+ T cells and albumin-globulin ratio. [PMID:32479790]",""
"A0007","CO:CL_0000624","CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T)","increased CD4+ T count","prognostic","oropharynx (UN:0001729)","40898-9","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","cell","Higher CD4 and CD8 TIL levels were associated with improved overall (HR 0.77 [0.65 -0.93] p=.005 and HR 0.77 [0.64-0.94] p=.008 respectively), and relapse free survival (p=.03, and .05 respectively). Higher CD4 levels predicted improved overall and disease specific survival (p=.003 and .004 respectively). [PMID:26879675]",""
"A0008","CO:CL_0000795","CD8+ T cell (CD8+ T)","decreased CD8+ T count","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65759-3","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Consequently, the counts of CD8+T and CD4+T cells can be used as diagnostic markers of COVID-19 and predictors of disease severity. [PMID:32379887] Lymphocyte subset (CD4+, CD8+) counts reflect the severity of infection and predict the clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. [PMID:32283159]",""
"A0008","CO:CL_0000795","CD8+ T cell (CD8+ T)","increased CD8+ T count","prognostic","oropharynx (UN:0001729)","40899-7","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","cell","Higher CD4 and CD8 TIL levels were associated with improved overall (HR 0.77 [0.65 -0.93] p=.005 and HR 0.77 [0.64-0.94] p=.008 respectively), and relapse free survival (p=.03, and .05 respectively). Higher CD4 levels predicted improved overall and disease specific survival (p=.003 and .004 respectively). [PMID:26879675]",""
"A0009","UPKB:P02741","C-reactive protein (CRP)","increased CRP level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","71426-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","SAA/L, CRP, SAA, and L count are valuable in predicting the severity and distinguishing critically ill patients from mild ones. [PMID:32277967] Elevated levels of IL-6, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, and ferritin all had an independent increased risk for the clinical outcomes assessed (ICU admission, invasive ventilatory support and death), which were statistically significant. [PMID:32677844] The positive correlations between CRP and series cancer biomarkers we showed in this study demonstrate that these cancer biomarkers can present the diffuse and acute lung injuries in COVID-19. CRP increased in 95% of all cases; the increases were significant for all groups (mild: 13.5 ± 13.1; severe: 35.0 ± 39.2; critical: 66.1 ± 67.3; in mg/L; P = .002). [PMID:32347972] Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] With following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R >793.5U/mL, CRP >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >2252ug/L, WBC>9.5x10^9/L or NC >7.305x10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. [PMID:33349241] Surveillance of NLR and lymphocyte subsets is helpful in the early screening of critical illness, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. [PMID:32161940] The maximal level of IL-6, followed by CRP level, was highly predictive of the need for mechanical ventilation. This suggests the possibility of using IL-6 or CRP level to guide escalation of treatment in patients with COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory syndrome. [PMID:32425269] NLR and CRP are potential and reliable predictors of COVID-19 prognosis and can triage patients at the time of admission. [PMID:32566572] At the early stage of COVID-19, CRP levels were positively correlated with lung lesions. CRP levels could reflect disease severity and should be used as a key indicator for disease monitoring. [PMID:32243911] C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. [PMID:32475810] We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. [PMID:32296824] CRP changes before other blood parameters and thus may be an effective evaluation index for patients with COVID-19 infection. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.10.20033613] CRP in severe COVID-19 patients increased significantly at the initial stage, before CT findings. Importantly, CRP, which was associated with disease development, predicted early severe COVID-19. [PMID:32281668] At the early stage of COVID-19, CRP levels were positively correlated with lung lesions. CRP levels could reflect disease severity and should be used as a key indicator for disease monitoring. [PMID:32243911]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0009","UPKB:P02741","C-reactive protein (CRP)","increased CRP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71426-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","The combination of eosinopenia and elevated hs-CRP can effectively triage suspected COVID-19 patients from other patients attending the fever clinic with COVID-19-like initial symptoms. [PMID:32368728] Patients with higher initial SAA are more likely to have poor CT imaging. Our study indicated that SAA/L. CRP, SAA, and l are valuable in predicting the severity and distinguishing critically ill patients from mild ones. [PMID:32277967] CRP is one of the first biomarkers within blood plasma that changes to reflect physiological complications; if accepted CRP will be the most effective biomarker to predict the progression of COVID-19 infection. CRP values are more reliable for earlier identification of case severity. [PMID:32475810] CRP which was associated with disease development, predicted early severe COVID-19. [PMID:32281668] Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] Concentrations of CRP remained high in patients who died of COVID-19 infection, and CRP could be a biomarker for assessing disease lethality. [PMID:32511972] The serum levels of IL-6 and CRP can effectively assess disease severity and predict outcome in patients with COVID-19. [PMID:32344321] The serum levels of CRP, PCT and ferritin are markedly increased in very severe compared with severe COVID-19. [PMID:32615866] We propose that a few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, L/N ratio, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room. [PMID:32471703] The plasma CRP level is positively correlated to the severity of COVID-19 on CT performance, and higher level of CRP showed a longer inpatient duration. [PMID:32414383] CRP changes before other blood parameters and thus may be an effective evaluation index for patients with COVID-19 infection. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.10.20033613] CRP in severe COVID-19 patients increased significantly at the initial stage, before CT findings. Importantly, CRP, which was associated with disease development, predicted early severe COVID-19. [PMID:32281668] The combinations of the hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and high concentrations of CRP and LDH in 2019-nCoV infected patients upon hospital admission may predict more severe acute lung injury. [PMID:32048163] SAA/L, CRP, SAA, and l are valuable in predicting the severity and distinguishing critically ill patients from mild ones. [PMID:32277967] Best baseline predictors of respiratory failure were suPAR with an AUC (95% CI) of 0.88 (0.80-0.95), EWS 0.84 (0.75-0.93), LDH 0.82 (0.71-0.93), and CRP 0.80 (0.70-0.89. [DOI:10.1101/2020.05.27.20114678] At the early stage of COVID-19, CRP levels were positively cor-related with lung lesions. CRP levels could reflect disease severity and should be used as a key indicator for disease monitoring. [PMID:32243911] The serum levels of IL-6 and CRP can effectively assess disease severity and predict outcome in patients with COVID-19. [PMID:32344321]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0009","UPKB:P02741","C-reactive protein (CRP)","increased CRP level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71426-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. [PMID:32475810]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0009","UPKB:P02741","C-reactive protein (CRP)","increased CRP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71426-1","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866] Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died [PMID:32224151].",""
"A0009","UPKB:P02741","C-reactive protein (CRP)","increased CRP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71426-1","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866] Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died [PMID:32224151].",""
"A0009","UPKB:P02741","C-reactive protein (CRP)","increased CRP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71426-1","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866] Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died [PMID:32224151].",""
"A0009","UPKB:P02741","C-reactive protein (CRP)","increased CRP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71426-1","cervical cancer (DOID:4362)","protein","An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866] Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died [PMID:32224151].",""
"A0009","UPKB:P02741","C-reactive protein (CRP)","increased CRP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71426-1","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866] Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died [PMID:32224151].",""
"A0009","UPKB:P02741","C-reactive protein (CRP)","increased CRP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71426-1","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866] Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Highly sensitive C-reactive protein levels in 23 (82.1%) patients. Patients developed severe clinical events; 6 (21.4%) patients were admitted to ICU, 10 (35.7%) patients had life-threatening complications, and 8 (28.6%) of the patients died [PMID:32224151].",""
"A0009","UPKB:P02741","C-reactive protein (CRP)","increased CRP level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","71426-1","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","Increased CRP may represent an extended biomarker of microvascular risk in men with T2DM. [PMID:31477553]",""
"A0009","UPKB:P02741","C-reactive protein (CRP)","increased CRP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71426-1","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Elevated SAA and CRP were associated with reduced overall survival, regardless of adjustment for age, tumor stage, race, and body mass index (SAA P trend < .0001; CRP P trend = .002). Elevated CRP (> 3.9 mg/L) showed a statistically significant association with reduced survival; however, HRs were somewhat lower than for SAA. CRP was associated with disease-free survival across all models in a dose-response fashion (P trend = .04 in model 4). Systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are measures of low-grade chronic inflammation and potential predictors of cancer survival [PMID:19470939]",""
"A0010","CO:CL_0000775|CO:CL_0000542","Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR)","increased NLR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Elevated age and NLR can be considered independent biomarkers for indicating poor clinical outcomes. [PMID:32304994] Patients with flu had higher WBC, granulocyte and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, compared with COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32281668] The rising trend in D-Dimer and NLR, or the test results higher than the critical values may indicate a risk of death for participants with COVID-19. [PMID:32620118] Age and elevated NLR can be considered independent biomarkers for indicating poor clinical outcomes. [PMID:32304994] Lower lymphocyte counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lower monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils elevated inflammatory cytokines T cells significantly decreased, helper T (Th) cells and suppressor T cells were below normal levels naive Th cells increased and memory Th cells decreased lower levels of regulatory T cells. [PMID:32161940] NLR is an independent risk factor of the in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 patients especially for male. Assessment of NLR may help identify high risk individuals with COVID-19. [PMID:32283162] NLR and CRP are potential and reliable predictors of COVID-19 prognosis and can triage patients at the time of admission. [PMID:32566572] NLCR could be used as a novel, highly specific and sensitive marker for predicting severity of COVID-19 patients. [DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-28850/v1] We propose that a few parameters, such Lymphocytes count, L/N ratio, SaO2 and CRP serum level can be used to assess the severity of COVID-19 in emergency room. [PMID:32471703] An increased NLR can serve as an early warning signal of severe COVID-19. [PMID:32376581]","NCIt:C141271|CO:CL_0000775|CO:CL_0000542"
"A0010","CO:CL_0000775|CO:CL_0000542","Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR)","increased NLR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","brain cancer (DOID:1319)","cell","Pre-treatment NLR levels were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma patients (multivariate hazard ratio =1.050; 95% confidence interval, 1.003-1.100; P = 0.037) High pre-treatment NLR (>/= 4 versus < 4) was significantly associated with high neutrophil infiltration and low CD3(+) T-cell infiltration into tumors, and predicted poor OS (mean, 10.6 vs. 17.9 months, P < 0.001). [PMID:26341881]","NCIt:C141271|glioblastoma (DOID:3068)|CO:CL_0000775|CO:CL_0000542"
"A0010","CO:CL_0000775|CO:CL_0000542","Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR)","increased NLR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Pre-treatment NLR levels were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma patients (multivariate hazard ratio =1.050; 95% confidence interval, 1.003-1.100; P = 0.037) High pre-treatment NLR (>/= 4 versus < 4) was significantly associated with high neutrophil infiltration and low CD3(+) T-cell infiltration into tumors, and predicted poor OS (mean, 10.6 vs. 17.9 months, P < 0.001). [PMID:26341881]","NCIt:C141271|glioblastoma (DOID:3068)|CO:CL_0000775|CO:CL_0000542"
"A0010","CO:CL_0000775|CO:CL_0000542","Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR)","increased NLR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","cell","The NLR values of the diabetic patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy control. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk predictors of insulin resistance include NLR, TG and HbA1c. [PMID:25887236] NLR and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were elevated both in type 2 diabetes melittus and in diabetic retinopathy. Early detection of abnormal NLR levels may be helpful for the search of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM and DR. [PMID:25483847] The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive value of preprocedural (before the OGTT) NLR on development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in morbid obesity patients (MOP). MOP have higher NLR than healthy controls. High NLR is a powerful and independent predictor of T2DM in MOP. [PMID:25470646] NLR, but not leukocyte, neutrophil,and lymphocyte counts, was positively related to the incidence of T2D in a reasonably sized sample of urban Chinese adults. Compared to participants in the lowest quintile of NLR, participants in the upper four quintiles tended to be older, to have higher BMI, waist circumference, and levels of tryglycerides. In addition, a higher proportion these participants were current smokers and drinkers and had a family history of CVD, hypertension, and diabetes. Other than these results, no significant differences were observed between the participants in different NLR quintiles. [PMID:25953830]","NCIt:C141271|CO:CL_0000775|CO:CL_0000542"
"A0010","CO:CL_0000775|CO:CL_0000542","Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio (NLR)","increased NLR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","The NLR values of the diabetic patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy control. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk predictors of insulin resistance include NLR, TG and HbA1c. [PMID:25887236] NLR and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were elevated both in type 2 diabetes melittus and in diabetic retinopathy. Early detection of abnormal NLR levels may be helpful for the search of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM and DR. [PMID:25483847] The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive value of preprocedural (before the OGTT) NLR on development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in morbid obesity patients (MOP). MOP have higher NLR than healthy controls. High NLR is a powerful and independent predictor of T2DM in MOP. [PMID:25470646] NLR, but not leukocyte, neutrophil,and lymphocyte counts, was positively related to the incidence of T2D in a reasonably sized sample of urban Chinese adults. Compared to participants in the lowest quintile of NLR, participants in the upper four quintiles tended to be older, to have higher BMI, waist circumference, and levels of tryglycerides. In addition, a higher proportion these participants were current smokers and drinkers and had a family history of CVD, hypertension, and diabetes. Other than these results, no significant differences were observed between the participants in different NLR quintiles. [PMID:25953830]","NCIt:C141271|CO:CL_0000775|CO:CL_0000542"
"A0014","CHEBI:17855","Triglycerides (TG)","increased TG level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","3043-7","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","Clinicians should consider monitoring for hypertriglyceridemia. [PMID:32314799] We measured an extended panel of circulating biomarkers and used a disease-specific scale (BCRSS) to quickly classify respiratory severity  in patients with COVID-19, we found extremely high levels of CRP, ferritin, D-Dimer and triglycerides indicating that a HIS was present at the time when the respiratory condition was rapidly deteriorating. [PMID:32376398] Development of hypolipidemia begins in patients with mild symptoms. It progressively becomes worse in an association with the disease severity. [PMID:32430154]",""
"A0014","CHEBI:17855","Triglycerides (TG)","increased TG level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","3043-7","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","metabolite","The significant difference in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and serum triglycerides between patients with metastatic and non-metastatic cancer was lost when lipoprotein cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels were adjusted for nutritional variables. The lipid profile in cancer patients is characterized by low low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and relatively high serum triglycerides. The abnormality is a common feature of both hematological and solid tumors and is not entirely explained by poor nutrition. [PMID:11196072]",""
"A0014","CHEBI:17855","Triglycerides (TG)","increased TG level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","3043-7","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","metabolite","The prevalence of dyslipidemia was relatively high among middle-aged and elderly T2DM person. There are different associations between multiple risk factors and dyslipidemia in different diabetic progression stages. [PMID:30325950]",""
"A0015","UPKB:P08684","Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)","increased CYP3A4 level","response","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Together with the reported markers of liver injury, such hyperinflammatory state may trigger significant derangements in hepatic cytochrome P450 metabolic machinery, and subsequent modulation of drug clearance that may result in unexpected therapeutic/toxic response. We hypothesize that COVID-19 patients are potentially vulnerable to a significant disease-drug interaction, and therefore, suitable dosing guidelines with therapeutic drug monitoring should be implemented to assure optimal clinical outcomes. [PMID:32758877]",""
"A0015","UPKB:P08684","Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)","decreased CYP3A4 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","CYP3A4 was identified as a novel tumor suppressor gene related to a poor prognosis in HCC. [PMID:29109094]","hepatocellular carcinoma (DOID:684)"
"A0016","UPKB:P0DJI8","Serum amyloid A protein (SAA1)","increased SAA1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","48498-0","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Study detected increased SAA level in the serum of lung cancer patients and also identified that elevated SAA level may be a non-invasive biomarker useful for the prediction of lung cancer prognosis. A differential protein with m/z 11.6 kDa was detected and identified as an isoform of human serum amyloid A (SAA). It was significantly increased by 1822% in lung cancer patients when compared with the healthy controls, which gave an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.88. In addition, the protein was also significantly elevated by 77% in lung cancer patients with survival <5 years when compared with patients with survival >/=5 years. [PMID:20502455]",""
"A0016","UPKB:P0DJI8","Serum amyloid A protein (SAA1)","increased SAA1 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","48498-0","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","The level of SAA in plasma of pancreatic cancer patients correlated with clinical stage and was significantly higher than in normal volunteers. [PMID:16211233]",""
"A0016","UPKB:P0DJI8","Serum amyloid A protein (SAA1)","increased SAA1 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","48498-0","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","gene","SAA gene expression levels were significantly higher in USPC when compared with NEC (mean copy number by RT-PCR=162 vs 2.21; P=0.0002). IHC revealed diffuse cytoplasmic SAA protein staining in USPC tissues. High intracellular levels of SAA were identified in primary USPC cell lines evaluated by flow cytometry and SAA was found to be actively secreted in vitro. [PMID:19536090]","High level expression of SAA gene"
"A0016","UPKB:P0DJI8","Serum amyloid A protein (SAA1)","increased SAA1 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Based on the study results, SAA alone or combined with L(SAA/L) could be used as a significant marker to indicate and track inflammation conditions in COVID-19 infected patients. Monitoring dynamic changes of SAA, combined with CT imaging could be a valuable strategy in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. SAA and L are sensitive indicators in evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. [PMID:32277967] The abnormal increase in serum amyloid protein (SAA) may be used as an auxiliary index for diagnosis and treatment. CRP changes before other blood parameters and thus may be an effective evaluation index for patients with COVID-19 infection. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.10.20033613] C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. [PMID:32475810] The serum SAA levels were found to be significantly correlated with impending course of the COVID-19, and may serve as a useful biomarker to monitor the complicated clinical course of the disease. [PMID:33735714]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0016","UPKB:P0DJI8","Serum amyloid A protein (SAA1)","increased SAA1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Elevated SAA and CRP were associated with reduced overall survival, regardless of adjustment for age, tumor stage, race, and body mass index (SAA P trend < .0001; CRP P trend = .002). Higher concentrations of SAA were associated with decreased overall survival (P trend < .0001 in all models; lnSAA, P < .01 in all models). Systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are measures of low-grade chronic inflammation and potential predictors of cancer survival [PMID:19470939]",""
"A0017","UPKB:P02778","IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10)","increased CXCL10 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","IFN-gamma-induced protein 10 and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 were excellent predictors for the progression of COVID-19. [PMID:32360286]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0017","UPKB:P02778","IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10)","increased CXCL10 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFN gamma, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Moreover, patients requiring ICU admission had higher concentrations of GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha than did those not requiring ICU admission, suggesting that the cytokine storm was associated with disease severity. [PMID:31986264]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0017","UPKB:P02778","IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10)","increased CXCL10 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","IP-10 and MCP-3 were highly associated with disease severity and could be used as excellent predictors of COVID-19 progression. [PMID:32360286]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0018","UPKB:P80098","Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (CCL7)","increased CCL7 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFN gamma, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Moreover, patients requiring ICU admission had higher concentrations of GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha than did those not requiring ICU admission, suggesting that the cytokine storm was associated with disease severity. [PMID:31986264]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0018","UPKB:P80098","Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (CCL7)","increased CCL7 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","IP-10 and MCP-3 were highly associated with disease severity and could be used as excellent predictors of COVID-19 progression. [PMID:32360286]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0018","UPKB:P80098","Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (CCL7)","increased CCL7 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","gene","We detected MCP-3 mRNA expression in MCP-3 gene transfected CMT93 cells. In contrast, the wild type CMT93 cells and the mock transfected CMT93 cells did not express MCP-3. In the tumor tissue derived from CMT93/MCP-3, infiltrating immune cells increased. In addition, no tumor metastasis was found in all mice inoculated with CMT93/ MCP-3 tumor cells. But all mice had tumor metastasis in CMT93 controls. In our study, we found that after the transfecting of CMT93 colorectal cancer cell with MCP-3 gene, tumor growth was retarded and tumor metastasis was inhibited completely by promoting immune cells infiltration in tumor tissue. [PMID:12439927]","Increased expression of monocyte Chemotactic Protein-3 (MCP-3) mRNA|Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0019","CO:CL_0000094","Granulocyte (GRAN)","increased GRAN count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","30394-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Patients with flu had higher WBC, granulocyte and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, compared with COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32281668]",""
"A0019","CO:CL_0000094","Granulocyte (GRAN)","increased GRAN count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","30394-1","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","cell","The chronic presence of the tumor and thus chronic activation of granulocytes with the accompanying production of H2O2 results, ironically, in the suppression of the adaptive immune functions. Here we show specifically that the release of reactive oxygen species during the oxidative burst of granulocytes, i.e., H2O2, is the major contributor to a systemic T-cell dysfunction. This is supported by the observation that cancer patients showed signs of extensive granulocyte activation with massive elevation of plasma levels of 8-isoprostane, a product of lipid oxidation and a marker for oxidative stress, that exceeded measurements found in other diseases with documented oxidative stress. [PMID:11406548]",""
"A0020","PRO:PR_000050369","D-dimer (D-D)","increased D-D level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","71427-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Elevated levels of IL-6, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, and ferritin all had an independent increased risk for the clinical outcomes assessed (ICU admission, invasive ventilatory support and death), which were statistically significant. [PMID:32677844] C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. [PMID:32475810] Findings in this study include determining independent associations between biomarkers for inflammation (interleukin-6) and thrombosis (D-dimer) and mortality. [PMID:32442528] Besides radiographic presentations, variables that were associated significantly with severity of COVID-19 were decreased lymphocytes, elevated body temperature, and high levels of procalcitonin, D-dimer, and creatine kinase MB. [PMID:32220650] Age, comorbidities, lymphocytopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, d-dimer, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, prothrombin time, and disease severity were reported to be associated with intensive care unit admission. [PMID:32171076]",""
"A0020","PRO:PR_000050369","D-dimer (D-D)","increased D-D level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71427-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Patients with D-dimer levels >/=2.0 µg/mL had a higher incidence of mortality when comparing with those who with D-dimer levels <2.0 µg/mL (12/67 vs 1/267, P < .001; hazard ratio, 51.5; 95% confidence interval, 12.9-206.7). [PMID:32306492] D-dimer is commonly elevated in patients with COVID-19. D-dimer levels correlate with disease severity and is a reliable prognostic marker for in-hospital mortality in patients admitted for COVID-19. [PMID:32665858] The rising trend in D-Dimer and NLR, or the test results higher than the critical values may indicate a risk of death for participants with COVID-19. [PMID:32620118] This, along with the previous study, suggests that D-dimer levels can be used as a prognostic marker and help clinicians monitor those who are likely to deteriorate earlier. [PMID:32475810] D-dimer (10.36 vs. 0.26 ng/L; p<0.001) were higher in patients with SARS-CoV-2 than those in controls. [PMID:32172226] The most important finding was that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors to predict the development of severe illness in COVID-19. Patients with FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*10^9/L were unlikely to develop into severe disease. [PMID:32367765] Non-survivors revealed significantly higher D-dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels, longer prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. [PMID:32073213] IL-6 and D-dimer were closely related to the occurrence of severe COVID-19 in the adult patients, and their combined detection had the highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 patients, which has important clinical value. [PMID:32181911]",""
"A0020","PRO:PR_000050369","D-dimer (D-D)","increased D-D level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71427-9","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","We report changes in D-dimer levels that may indicate diabetes disease progression to macrovascular complications. Using D-dimer in conjunction with other biomarkers to identify stages of disease progression, commencing from pre-diabetes and continuing to development of asymptomatic and clinical cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus, is worthy of consideration. [PMID:17454757] The mean of glycemia during hospitalization was 10.65 ± 0.84 mmol/L in the no insulin infusion group and 7.69 ± 1.85 mmol/L in the insulin infusion group. At baseline, IL-6 and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the hyperglycemic group than in the normoglycemic group (P < 0.001). Even though all patients were on standard treatment for COVID-19 infection, IL-6 and D-dimer levels persisted higher in patients with hyperglycemia during hospitalization. [PMID:32430456] In COVID-19 patients with diabetes, poorly-controlled blood glucose (>11 mmol/L) may be associated with poor outcomes. Admission hyperglycemia, elevated d-dimer and high HRCT score are potential risk factors for adverse outcomes and death. [PMID:32623030]",""
"A0020","PRO:PR_000050369","D-dimer (D-D)","increased D-D level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71427-9","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. [PMID:32357994] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209] Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209]",""
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Elevated levels of IL-6, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, and ferritin all had an independent increased risk for the clinical outcomes assessed (ICU admission, invasive ventilatory support and death), which were statistically significant. [PMID:32677844] Serum urea, CREA, CysC, DBIL, CHE and LDH could be used to distinguish severe COVID-19 cases from mild COVID-19 cases. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.19.20034447] Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] Since high levels of LDH continued in the ICU patients number of days post-admission, LDH may be a predictive biomarker of severe disease. There is increasing confidence in using LDH as a biomarker to measure severity of COVID-19 infection. [PMID:32475810] We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. [PMID:32296824]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","LDH and alpha-HBDH may be considerable markers for evaluation of NCOVID-19. [PMID:32161968] C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. [PMID:32475810]",""
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","As would be anticipated, elevation is LDH is common in COVID-19 patients in the ICU setting and indicates a poor outcome. [PMID:32311826] Biomarkers that predict the mortality of individual patients more than 10 days in advance with more than 90% accuracy: lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocyte and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). [DOI:10.1038/s42256-020-0180-7] The combinations of the hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and high concentrations of CRP and LDH in 2019-nCoV infected patients upon hospital admission may predict more severe acute lung injury. [PMID:32048163] Elevated LDH levels were associated with a ~6-fold increase in odds of developing severe disease and a ~16-fold increase in odds of mortality in patients with COVID-19. [PMID:32738466] The level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the blood, was highly indicative of COVID-19 mortality. [DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.abb7102]",""
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. [PMID:32357994] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH  indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]",""
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","protein","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. [PMID:32357994] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH  indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]",""
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. [PMID:32357994] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH  indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]",""
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. [PMID:32357994] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH  indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]",""
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. [PMID:32357994] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH  indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]",""
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","cervical cancer (DOID:4362)","protein","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. [PMID:32357994] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH  indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]",""
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. [PMID:32357994] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH  indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]",""
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. [PMID:32357994] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH  indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]",""
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. [PMID:32357994] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH  indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]",""
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","hematologic cancer (DOID:2531)","protein","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. [PMID:32357994] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH  indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]","lymphoma (DOID:8584)"
"A0021","PRO:PR_000050367","Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)","increased LDH level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","Our results showed that the laboratory tests of cancer patients had the following characteristics: low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH. The increase of these inflammatory indexes indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. [PMID:32369209] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality. Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying. [PMID:32357994] Low lymphocytes, increased IL-6, CRP, PCT, D dimer, and LDH  indicates that the infected patients were in inflammatory state, which may be closely related to the inflammatory storm. The increase of the cancer biomarkers in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe and critical patients, suggests that inflammation is closely related to the development of COVID-19. [PMID:32369209]",""
"A0022","CO:CL_0000771","Eosinophil (EOSI)","decreased EOSI count","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26449-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Detailed clinical investigation of 140 hospitalized COVID-19 cases suggests eosinopenia together with lymphopenia may be a potential indicator for diagnosis. [PMID:32077115]",""
"A0022","CO:CL_0000771","Eosinophil (EOSI)","decreased EOSI count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26449-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","The combination of eosinopenia and elevated hs-CRP can effectively triage suspected COVID-19 patients from other patients attending the fever clinic with COVID-19-like initial symptoms. [PMID:32368728] Dynamic surveillance of peripheral blood system especially eosinophils is helpful in the diagnosis, assess the prognosis and prediction of severe COVID-19 cases. [DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-34268/v1]",""
"A0022","CO:CL_0000771","Eosinophil (EOSI)","decreased EOSI count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","26449-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. [PMID:32161940]",""
"A0022","CO:CL_0000771","Eosinophil (EOSI)","decreased EOSI count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26449-9","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","cell","In age- and multivariate-adjusted models, eosinophil count was inversely associated with CRC incidence. [PMID:21742945]",""
"A0025","PDB:2ERJ|CO:CL_0000542","Interleukin-2 receptor to Lymphocyte ratio (IL2R-LR)","increased IL2R-LR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein|cell","The ratio of IL-2R to lymphocytes was found to be remarkably increased in severe and critical patients. IL-2R/lymphocytes were superior compared with other markers for the identification of COVID-19 with critical illness, not only from mild but also from severe illness.Lymphopenia and increased levels of cytokines were closely associated with disease severity. The IL-2R/lymphocyte was a prominent biomarker for early identification of severe COVID-19 and predicting the clinical progression of the disease. [PMID:32365221]","NCIt:C174432|PDB:2ERJ|CO:CL_0000542"
"A0026","UPKB:Q03405","Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (PLAUR)","increased PLAUR level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","17204-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","A low suPAR level (<4.75 ng/ml) at baseline is a useful biomarker for aiding clinical decisions including discharge of patients presenting with symptoms of COVID-19. [DOI:10.1101/2020.05.27.20114678] Findings suggest that suPAR may early trace patients who need intensified management probably in need of anti-inflammatory treatment. [PMID:32354367]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0026","UPKB:Q03405","Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (PLAUR)","increased PLAUR level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","17204-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In conclusion, suPAR seems extremely promising as a COVID-19 prognostic marker and may assist in the early selection of patients who can stay at home or must be admitted to the hospital and/or intensive care unit. In this difficult outbreak, humanity must use all the available weapons, and suPAR may prove a powerful triage biomarker. [PMID:32613288] A low suPAR level (<4.75 ng/ml) at baseline is a useful biomarker for aiding clinical decisions including discharge of patients presenting with symptoms of COVID-19. [DOI:10.1101/2020.05.27.20114678] Admission levels of suPAR were significantly higher among patients who eventually developed severe respiratory failure (SRF). [PMID:32354367]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0026","UPKB:Q03405","Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (PLAUR)","increased PLAUR level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","17204-9","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","The median suPAR levels found in each patient group were significantly higher than in the control group. Both ovarian and nonovarian malignant carcinoma subgroups showed a 2-fold increase of suPAR compared to controls. This study shows that the level of the soluble receptor for uPA, a proteinase that is considered to play a key role in physiological and malignant invasion, is increased in serum of a subgroup of ovarian carcinoma patients. Moreover, patients with high suPAR levels showed significantly worse prognosis in survival analysis. [PMID:9581823]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0027","PRO:PR_000050392","Presepsin (P-SEP)","increased P-SEP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","These findings suggest that P-SEP may correlate with lung damage caused by COVID-19 pneumonia and may be useful as a prognostic biomarker for severe COVID-19. Because P-SEP can predict aggravation of ARDS based on laboratory tests on admission, this enables clinicians to identify high-risk COVID-19 patients and determine treatment at an early stage. [PMID:32530491]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0028","UPKB:P01375","Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)","increased TNF level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","3074-2","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","protein","When comparing biochemical indexes of COVID-19 between patients with and without cancer, we found that pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-2R were higher in patients with cancer than in those without cancer. [PMID:32479790] Elevated levels of TNF-alpha were found in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866]",""
"A0028","UPKB:P01375","Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)","increased TNF level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","3074-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","The prevalence of severe and complicated cases of COVID-19 is lower in patients in treatment with anti-TNF-alpha than that reported for patients taking steroids. [PMID:32382744] COVID-19 is associated with high levels of IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1b, and CXCL8/IL-8. Furthermore, elevated TNF-a, known to contribute to organ damage, was also a strong predictor of poor outcome. [PMID:32511562]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0028","UPKB:P01375","Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)","increased TNF level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","3074-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Comparison between ICU and non-ICU patients showed that plasma concentrations of IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha were higher in ICU patients than non-ICU patients. [PMID:31986264] IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, G-CSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, TNF alpha were higher in severe patients. [PMID:32222466]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0028","UPKB:P01375","Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)","increased TNF level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","3074-2","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","When comparing biochemical indexes of COVID-19 between patients with and without cancer, we found that pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-2R were higher in patients with cancer than in those without cancer. [PMID:32479790] Elevated levels of TNF-alpha were found in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). An upregulated TNF-alpha, in combination with CRP, was significantly related to shorter patient survival, independent of clinical stage. Findings indicate that TNF-alpha might be suitable as biomarkers in combination with tumor TNM staging for predicting survival and individualized treatment. [PMID:24481866]",""
"A0029","","Cardiac troponin (TNN)","increased TNN level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","89575-5","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Cardiac biomarkers add prognostic value to the determination of the severity of COVID-19 and can predict mortality. [PMID:32702736] C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, and renal biomarkers showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. [PMID:32475810] These results are of prognostic importance, since patients with elevated troponins have higher risk of in-hospital mortality, are more prone to deterioration during hospital stay and so deserve more focused clinical attention. [PMID:32416124]",""
"A0029","","Cardiac troponin (TNN)","increased TNN level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","89575-5","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","The prevalence and determinant of chronic cTnT elevation was studied in a large, representative population consisting of 3557 subjects of the Dallas Heart Study. cTnT elevation was associated with older age, black race, male sex, congestive heart failure, left ventricular hypertrophy, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. In the general population, cTnT elevation is a rare in subjects without congestive heart failure, left ventricular hypertrophy, chronic kidney disease, or diabetes mellitus. Studies have shown that Tn release in heart failure (HF) occurs with and without obstructive epicardial coronary disease. [PMID:22120679]",""
"A0030","UPKB:O15393","Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2)","increased TMPRSS2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","The role of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) as a contributing factor to the more severe outcomes noted for COVID-19. Validated TMPRSS2 SNPs that are confirmed to be predictive biomarkers can be incorporated in the CDCs current list of clinical biomarkers for disease severity as discussed above. [PMID:32437018]",""
"A0030","UPKB:O15393","Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2)","increased TMPRSS2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","TMPRSS2 expression is regulated in part by androgens and is a known biomarker of prostate cancer severity when fused with ERG. It is known that TMPRSS2 expression is upregulated by androgens in prostate cancer cell lines and in vivo. The authors analyzed data from 4,532 men who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of these patients, 430 (9.5%) had cancer and 118 (2.6%) had prostate cancer (28% of all cancers). Consistent with other publications, men with cancer have worse disease presentations than men without cancer, even when stratified for age. In the 5,273 prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT); only four of these patients were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The authors stated that men positive for SARS-CoV-2 and on ADT not only had improved outcomes over other men with prostate cancer positive for SARS-CoV-2, but that ADT may have reduced the chance of infection. They concluded that ADT had a protective effect in men positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. ADT therapy provides the first evidence that reducing androgens or their effect on tissues may have a beneficial impact on outcomes in men infected with SARS-CoV-2. [PMID:32660890]","Measured in serum (UN: 0001977) as well; increased expression of TMPRSS2"
"A0031","UPKB:Q9BYF1","Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)","increased ACE2 level","prognostic","lung (UN:0002048)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Our study showed an increased rate of expression of ACE2 in an elderly male patient in the age group of 60-70 who has LAUD or LUSC. We also conducted a prognostic analysis of ACE2 in lung cancer, we found that ACE2 mRNA is highly expressed. High expression of ACE2 may lead to higher susceptibility of lung cancer patient towards COVID 19 and ACE2 can serve as the best potential biomarker for this disease compared to co-expressed genes. [PMID:32916258]","Increased ACE2 expression"
"A0031","UPKB:Q9BYF1","Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)","increased ACE2 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","sACE2 levels showed reliable associations with all individuals components of Metabolic Syndrome. This profile of associations was statistically significantly stronger in men, compared to women, and suggests that preexisting cardiometabolic conditions might confer increased severity of symptoms in some COVID-19 patients through increased expression of ACE2 in the liver. [PMID:32698840]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0031","UPKB:Q9BYF1","Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)","decreased ACE2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Expression of ACE2 decreased in vivo and in vitro after SARS-CoV infection. Tumor tissues may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients with UCEC (Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma) and KIRP (Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma), which may worsen the prognosis. [PMID:32339157]",""
"A0031","UPKB:Q9BYF1","Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)","decreased ACE2 level","prognostic","pancreas (UN:0001264)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","gene","Expression of ACE2 is decreased in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues. The reduction of ACE2 expression by RNA interference promoted the proliferation of cultured pancreatic cancer cells. It was found that ANGII (angiotensin II, a biologically active peptide that works as a regulator of cardiovasular homeostasist) contributes to the down-regulation of ACE2 in cancer patients. [PMID:19212105]","Decreased ACE2 expression"
"A0032","UPKB:Q14508","WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2)","increased WFDC2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","55180-4","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Early diagnosis is the most important determinant of early survival for ovarian cancer, and increased levels of HE4, in combination with CA125, is used as a diagnostic marker for ovarian cancer. HE4 levels were found to be significantly higher in individuals with ovarian cancer. Combining both HE4 and CA125 yielded specificity for ovarian cancer of 100%. [PMID:21633297] Preliminary data show that HE4 may have more potential than cancer antigen 125 in discriminating benign from cancerous ovarian masses, and has the strongest correlation with endometrial cancer of all markers tested to date. Utilizing risk stratification, a panel of biomarkers including HE4 may ultimately be useful for detecting ovarian and endometrial cancer at an early stage in patients at high risk. [PMID:19732003] This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well|Synonym: Human epididymis protein 4"
"A0032","UPKB:Q14508","WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2)","increased WFDC2 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","55180-4","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","There was a significant difference in the median serum levels of HE4 in breast cancer patients, ovarian cancer patients and healthy volunteers (14.63, 16.47 and 11.52 pmol/l, respectively; P=0.013). No significant differences between the breast cancer and ovarian cancer patient groups was observed, the median serum levels of HE4 in these groups were significantly higher than those in the healthy volunteer group (P=0.006 and P=0.017, respectively).The cutoff value for the prediction of breast cancer was determined at >13.24 pmol/l for HE4 with a sensitivity of 61.11%, specificity of 68.75%, positive predictive value of 81.48%, negative predictive value of 44.0% and accuracy of 63.46% [AUC, 0.740 (95% CI, 0.604-0.875), P=0.006] A significant elevation of serum HE4 levels in patients with breast cancer compared with that in healthy controls was identified. HE4 may serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer. [PMID:27446579]",""
"A0032","UPKB:Q14508","WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2)","increased WFDC2 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","55180-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1 (R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. [PMID:32347972] SARS-COV-2 infection caused an LDL decrease to occur in the majority of the mild cases; this could be used, in combination with viral RNA detection, as a potential biomarker to facilitate early diagnosis. Serum cancer biomarkers, including CYFRA21-1 and HE4, can be used to monitor the pathological progression of the disease. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3552854]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0032","UPKB:Q14508","WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2)","increased WFDC2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","55180-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. [PMID:32347972] Presence of elevated HE4 levels shown as predictor of COVID-19 severity. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0032","UPKB:Q14508","WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2)","increased WFDC2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","55180-4","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0032","UPKB:Q14508","WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2)","increased WFDC2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","55180-4","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0033","UPKB:P08727","Cytokeratin-19 fragment (KRT19)","increased KRT19 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Tumor marker serum levels were related to histological type and tumor extension, with ProGRP being the most sensitive marker in SCLC, CEA in adenocarcinomas and CYFRA 21-1 in squamous tumors. The most sensitive combinations of tumor markers were ProGRP and NSE in SCLC (88%), and CEA plus CYFRA in NSCLC (82%). In summary, ProGRP is the tumor marker of choice in SCLC and NSE is a complementary tumor marker in this histological type. [PMID:16033098] This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0033","UPKB:P08727","Cytokeratin-19 fragment (KRT19)","increased KRT19 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Cyfra 21-1 levels were significantly higher in advanced NSCLC than in early-stage disease. All 29 patients with serum concentrations > 32 ng/mL had stage IIIB-IV and only one of 14 patients with stage I-II disease had Cyfra 21-1 level > 18 ng/mL. In the multivariate analysis of survival, Cyfra 21-1 was an independent prognostic factor along with performance status and disease stage in NSCLC. Cyfra 21-1 is a sensitive and specific tumor marker of NSCLC, especially of squamous cell subtype. It also reflects the extent of the disease and has an independent prognostic role along with performance status and disease stage in NSCLC. Cyfra 21-1 was an independent prognostic factor along with performance status and disease stage in NSCLC. [PMID:7541742]","Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lung non-small cell carcinoma (DOID:3908)"
"A0033","UPKB:P08727","Cytokeratin-19 fragment (KRT19)","increased KRT19 level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","protein","In all studies considered, patients with bladder cancer had a higher CYFRA21-1 level than healthy subjects. Based on our results, CYFRA21-1 level may be a diagnostic biomarker for diagnosing bladder cancer as well as a possible biomarker for differentiation between local and metastatic bladder cancer. [PMID:25966163]","EDRN biomarker|CYFRA21-1 level can be detected in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0033","UPKB:P08727","Cytokeratin-19 fragment (KRT19)","increased KRT19 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1 (R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. [PMID:32347972] SARS-COV-2 infection caused an LDL decrease to occur in the majority of the mild cases; this could be used, in combination with viral RNA detection, as a potential biomarker to facilitate early diagnosis. Serum cancer biomarkers, including CYFRA21-1 and HE4, can be used to monitor the pathological progression of the disease. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3552854]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0033","UPKB:P08727","Cytokeratin-19 fragment (KRT19)","increased KRT19 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In short, we concluded that the concentrations of tumor biomarkers of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, SCCA, ProGRP were elevated in COVID-19 patients, and that CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA could predict the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32504736] Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. [PMID:32347972] Presence of elevated CYFRA21 levels shown as predictor of COVID-19 severity. [PMID:32347972] Increased levels of CYFRA21-1 were observed in COVID-19 patients, and could predict the clinical outcome of patients. [PMID:32504736]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0034","UPKB:P06731","Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5)","decreased CEACAM5 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","19166-8","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","In those patients where marker levels of carcinoembryonic antigen decreased more than 33%, a significantly higher risk for relapse and death from disease (both P=0.0001) in univariate analyses was observed. In multivariate analysis this decrease of carcinoembryonic antigen proved to be an independent prognostic factor. [PMID:11953875]","Primary breast cancer"
"A0034","UPKB:P06731","Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5)","increased CEACAM5 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","19166-8","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","In patients with colorectal cancer, CEA was most frequently elevated (54%), followed by CA 242 (46%), CA 19-9 (36%) and CA 72-4 (25%). [PMID:12174919]",""
"A0034","UPKB:P06731","Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5)","increased CEACAM5 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","96044-3","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Our results demonstrated that an elevated serum HE4 level was related to the advanced stage of epithelial ovarian cancer. An elevated serum level of HE4 is a poor prognostic factor for PFS in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who were treated with debulking surgery and adjuvant taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy. [PMID:21683503]","EDRN biomarker|Elevated serum HE4"
"A0034","UPKB:P06731","Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5)","increased CEACAM5 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","19166-8","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1 (R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. [PMID:32347972] On laboratory work-up, mildly elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA = 9.8 ng/mL, normal range up to 5 ng/mL) was detected. [PMID:32333071] In conclusion, the serum CEA levels were found to be increased in patients with severe or critically severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. [PMID:32540459] In addition, the significant differences of plasma level of CEA, CYFRA21- 1 and SCCA were observed among the subgroups of severity of disease and clinical outcome (Table 1) and plasma level of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA were significantly increased with the advance serverity of disease. [PMID:32504736] Additional cancer biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens 125 and 153, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) increased significantly in many critical cases. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3552854] In addition, the significant differences of plasma level of CEA, CYFRA21- 1 and SCCA were observed among the subgroups of severity of disease and clinical outcome (Table 1) and plasma level of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA were significantly increased with the advance serverity of disease. [PMID:32504736]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0034","UPKB:P06731","Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5)","increased CEACAM5 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","19166-8","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In short, we concluded that the concentrations of tumor biomarkers of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, SCCA, ProGRP were elevated in COVID-19 patients, and that CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA could predict the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32504736] Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0034","UPKB:P06731","Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5)","increased CEACAM5 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","19166-8","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Tumor marker serum levels were related to histological type and tumor extension, CEA in adenocarcinomas. The most sensitive combinations of tumor markers were ProGRP and NSE in SCLC (88%), and CEA plus CYFRA in NSCLC (82%). [PMID:16033098] Tumor biomarkers, such as carcino embryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) and Pro-Gastrin Releasing Peptide (ProGRP), were elevated. [PMID:32504736] This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0035","UPKB:Q8WXI7","Mucin-16 (MUC16)","increased MUC16 level","predictive","uterus (UN:0000995)","10334-1","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","The median levels of CA-125 were 9 to 14 times higher for each parameter that demonstrated extrauterine metastasis (all with P < 0.001). Levels of CA-125 were significantly associated with positive cytology (P < 0.0001), omental disease (P < 0.0001), pelvic or para-aortic lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001), and adnexal involvement (P < 0.0001). [PMID:29958235]",""
"A0035","UPKB:Q8WXI7","Mucin-16 (MUC16)","increased MUC16 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","10334-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1(R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. [PMID:32347972] Additional cancer biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens 125 and 153, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) increased significantly in many critical cases. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3552854]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0035","UPKB:Q8WXI7","Mucin-16 (MUC16)","increased MUC16 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","10334-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Presence of elevated CA125 levels shown as predictor of COVID-19 severity. [PMID:32347972] Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0035","UPKB:Q8WXI7","Mucin-16 (MUC16)","increased MUC16 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","10334-1","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. [PMID:32347972]","Increased CA125 level. Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0035","UPKB:Q8WXI7","Mucin-16 (MUC16)","increased MUC16 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","10334-1","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. [PMID:32347972]","Increased CA125 level. Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0035","UPKB:Q8WXI7","Mucin-16 (MUC16)","increased MUC16 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","10334-1","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. [PMID:32347972]","Increased CA125 level. Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0036","UPKB:P15941","Mucin-1 (MUC1)","increased MUC1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","2007-3","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","The results indicate an increased level of CA15-3 in breast cancer patients (29.02+/-1.79 IU/ml) as compared to both women with benign tumor and healthy controls (13.78+/-1.24 and 8.92+/-0.48 IU/ml, respectively), and that this increase is associated to advanced stages. Patients with HER2/neu positive malignancies show elevated serum CA15-3 (37.09+/-2.55 IU/ml), as well as patients who developed recurrence (40.75+/-2.11 IU/ml). Study suggests that higher levels of CA 15-3 would be a reliable prognostic marker as they were directly related to advanced stages and recurrence. In addition, persistent elevation of CA 15-3 was associated to HER2/neu positivity in breast cancer patients. [PMID:24674678]","Synomym: Cancer antigen 15-3, CA15-3"
"A0036","UPKB:P15941","Mucin-1 (MUC1)","increased MUC1 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","KL-6 was also signicantly higher in severe-cases, but its mean was below the cut-off level for ILDs. [DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-29567/v1] Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1(R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. [PMID:32347972] Increased KL-6 serum concentrations were observed in patients with severe pulmonary involvement, suggesting potential usefulness of KL-6 measurement to evaluate COVID-19 patients prognosis. [PMID:32470148]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well. Synonym: CA153, KL-6"
"A0036","UPKB:P15941","Mucin-1 (MUC1)","increased MUC1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Irregular levels of KL-6 present  maybe helpful for phenotyping patients according to disease severity. [PMID:32470148] Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well. Synonym: CA153, KL-6"
"A0036","UPKB:P15941","Mucin-1 (MUC1)","increased MUC1 level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4, cytokeratin-19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigens 125 and 153 in COVID-19 mild cases as compared to normal control subjects; their levels showed continuous and significant increases in severe and critical cases. [PMID:32347972]","Increased CA153 level. Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0036","UPKB:P15941","Mucin-1 (MUC1)","increased MUC1 level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4, cytokeratin-19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigens 125 and 153 in COVID-19 mild cases as compared to normal control subjects; their levels showed continuous and significant increases in severe and critical cases. [PMID:32347972]","Increased CA153 level. Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0036","UPKB:P15941","Mucin-1 (MUC1)","increased MUC1 level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4, cytokeratin-19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigens 125 and 153 in COVID-19 mild cases as compared to normal control subjects; their levels showed continuous and significant increases in severe and critical cases. [PMID:32347972]","Increased CA153 level. Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0037","UPKB:Q15020","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SART3)","increased SART3 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","19207-0","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In addition, the significant differences of plasma level of CEA, CYFRA21- 1 and SCCA were observed among the subgroups of severity of disease and clinical outcome (Table 1) and plasma level of CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA were significantly increased with the advance serverity of disease. [PMID:32504736] Additional cancer biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens 125 and 153, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) increased significantly in many critical cases. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3552854] Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1(R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0037","UPKB:Q15020","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SART3)","increased SART3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","19207-0","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In short, we concluded that the concentrations of tumor biomarkers of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, SCCA, ProGRP were elevated in COVID-19 patients, and that CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA could predict the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32504736] Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153 Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. [PMID:32347972] Presence of elevated CYFRA21 levels shown as predictor of COVID-19 severity. [PMID:32347972] Increased levels of CYFRA21-1 were observed in COVID-19 patients, and could predict the clinical outcome of patients. [PMID:32504736] Presence of elevated SCC levels shown as predictor of COVID-19 severity. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0037","UPKB:Q15020","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SART3)","increased SART3 level","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","19207-0","cervical cancer (DOID:4362)","protein","Pre-treatment SCC-Ag level higher than 4 ng/mL may be a useful predictor of tumor recurrence in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of uterine cervix treated with definitive CRT and ICR. [PMID:30479085]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0037","UPKB:Q15020","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SART3)","increased SART3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","19207-0","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0037","UPKB:Q15020","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SART3)","increased SART3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","19207-0","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0037","UPKB:Q15020","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SART3)","increased SART3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","19207-0","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0038","PCCID:643993","Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199)","increased CA199 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Increases in levels of Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), Carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199). There were positive associations between levels of C-reactive protein and levels of HE4 (R= 0.631, p<0.001), CYFRA21-1(R= 0.431, p<0.001), CEA (R= 0.316, p<0.001), SCC (R= 0.351, p<0.001), CA153 (R= 0.359, p<0.001) and CA125 (R= 0.223, p=0.031). We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute lung injuries. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0038","PCCID:643993","Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199)","increased CA199 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Significant increases in levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigens (CA) 125 , and 153. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0038","PCCID:643993","Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199)","increased CA199 level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","glycan","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0038","PCCID:643993","Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199)","increased CA199 level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","glycan","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0038","PCCID:643993","Carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199)","increased CA199 level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","glycan","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and CA199 increased significantly only in critical cases of COVID-19 as compared with mild and severe cases and normal controls. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0040","UPKB:P01584","Interleukin-1 beta gene promoter polymorphism (IL1B)","presence of","risk","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","Three genotypes - CT, TT, and CC - of IL-1B-31 were found in the Meizhou Hakka population. This risk was more apparent in male subjects. IL-1B-31 locus polymorphism may be associated with gastric cancer susceptibility in this population, but additional studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm the conclusions. [PMID:25117345]","Gene promoter region -31|UPKB:P01584"
"A0041","UPKB:P01579","Interferon gamma (IFNG)","increased IFNG level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","12729-0","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFN gamma, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Initial plasma IL1B concentrations were higher in both ICU patients and non-ICU patients than in healthy adults. [PMID:31986264]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0041","UPKB:P01579","Interferon gamma (IFNG)","increased IFNG level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","12729-0","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","IFN gamma level in patients from group 1 (T2DM) was 3.13 ± 0.92 pg/ml, group 2 (CC) 2.73 ± 0.91 pg/ ml, group 3 (T2DM and CC) 2.46 ± 0.98 pg/ml and group 4 (control) 5.02 ± 1.43 pg/ml; p < 0.05. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of IFN gamma in patients with T2DM and CC compared to other subjects. However, it has been demonstrated that level of IFN gamma in the control group and the group of patients with T2DM without CC was higher than in the other two groups. [PMID:15296648]",""
"A0042","UPKB:P13500","Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2)","increased CCL2 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were present in patients with severe COVID19. IL-6 and MCP-1 were inversely correlated with P/F with the largest AUC in ROC analyses and should be further explored as biomarkers to identify patients at risk for severe RF and as targets for improved treatment strategies. [PMID:33303843] We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFN gamma, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Initial plasma IL1B concentrations were higher in both ICU patients and non-ICU patients than in healthy adults. [PMID:31986264]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0042","UPKB:P13500","Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2)","increased CCL2 level","predictive","liver (UN:0002107)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","Univariate analysis demonstrated that the timing of metastases, tumor size, number of metastases, and MCP-1 expression were significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that MCP-1 expression was a significant prognostic factor in hepatic disease-free survival. [PMID:19287949]","Increased MCP-1 expression."
"A0042","UPKB:P13500","Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2)","increased CCL2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","Glycemic status influences serum MCP-1, and lack of glycemic control contributes to increased serum MCP-1 levels. Serum MCP-1 may thus serve as a biomarker of inflammation and disease progression in diabetes with periodontitis. [PMID:25143907]",""
"A0043","UPKB:P09919","Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF3)","increased CSF3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","54458-5","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","It was found that 12 patients had a white blood cell count increased beyond normal as well as a high G-CSF plasma level and the survival of these patients was shorter as compared to the rest of the patients. [PMID:21431281]","Increased G-CSF level and white blood cell counts|Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0043","UPKB:P09919","Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF3)","increased CSF3 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","54458-5","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Comparison between ICU and non-ICU patients showed that plasma concentrations of IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha were higher in ICU patients than non-ICU patients. [PMID:31986264] IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, G-CSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, TNF alpha were higher in severe patients. [PMID:32222466]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0044","UPKB:P10147","Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (CCL3)","increased CCL3 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Comparison between ICU and non-ICU patients showed that plasma concentrations of IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha were higher in ICU patients than non-ICU patients. [PMID:31986264] IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, G-CSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, TNF alpha were higher in severe patients. [PMID:32222466]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0045","UPKB:P05112","Interleukin-4 (IL4)","increased IL4 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","27161-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","2019-nCoV infection also initiated increased secretion of T-helper-2 (Th2) cytokines (eg, IL4 and IL10) that suppress inflammation, which differs from SARS-CoV infection. [PMID:32222466]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0045","UPKB:P05112","Interleukin-4 (IL4)","increased IL4 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","27161-9","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","Serum IL-4 increased proportionately with disease progression. Our data are consistent with those reported in two smaller series both of which found that IL-4 levels increases as prostate cancer progresses to castrate resistant status. [PMID:24213139]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0046","UPKB:P22301","Interleukin-10 (IL10)","increased IL10 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26848-2","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 showed significant positive correlations with each other. Moreover, high levels of serum IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were independently strongly associated with poor survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Patients with high IL-6, IL-8, or IL-10 expression (greater than median expression levels) exhibited a significantly shorter survival time, compared with patients with low expression (less than median expression levels) (p<0.001 for IL-6, p<0.01 for IL-8, and p<0.05 for IL-10)  Univariate Cox analysis revealed that a high expression level of either IL-6, IL-8, or IL-10 was associated with poor survival (IL-6: HR = 0.204, 95% CI: 0.107-0.410, p<0.001; IL-8: HR = 0.303, 95% CI: 0.135-0.683, p<0.01; IL-10: HR = 0.336, 95% CI: 0.125-0.900, p<0.05). [PMID:30304975]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0046","UPKB:P22301","Interleukin-10 (IL10)","increased IL10 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","26848-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Comparison between ICU and non-ICU patients showed that plasma concentrations of IL2, IL7, IL10, GCSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha were higher in ICU patients than non-ICU patients. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNF alpha. [PMID:31986264] IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, G-CSF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, TNF alpha were higher in severe patients. [PMID:32222466]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0046","UPKB:P22301","Interleukin-10 (IL10)","decreased IL10 level","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","26848-2","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","A reduction of plasma interleukin-10 levels significantly correlated with an increase in the mean number of metabolic risk factors such as increased waist circumference, BMI, dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure and glucose intolerance. [PMID:28420440]",""
"A0047","PCCID:588","Creatinine (CREA)","increased CREA level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","38483-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","A larger study of 701 patients revealed that elevated serum creatinine levels on admission correlated with severity due to significant abnormalities in the coagulation pathway. [PMID:32475810] We found that patients with elevated baseline serum creatinine were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit and to undergo mechanical ventilation. [PMID:32247631] Serum urea, CREA, CysC, DBIL, CHE and LDH could be used to distinguish severe COVID-19 cases from mild COVID-19 cases. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.19.20034447]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0048","PCCID:1176","Urea (UREA)","increased UREA level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","22664-7","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","Univariate Cox regression analysis found elevated creatinine levels was also associated with in-hospital mortality (HR 2.99, 95% CI: 2.00, 4.47). Proteinuria, haematuria and elevated urea levels had similar, if not larger, hazard ratios. [PMID:32475810] Serum urea, CREA, CysC, DBIL, CHE and LDH could be used to distinguish severe COVID-19 cases from mild COVID-19 cases . [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.19.20034447]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0048","PCCID:1176","Urea (UREA)","increased UREA level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","22664-7","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","Other consistently reported markers in non-survivors are increased procalcitonin (PCT) and IL-6 levels, as well as increased serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C, direct bilirubin, and cholinesterase. [PMID:32505227] We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. [PMID:32296824] Urea has very good accuracy in predicting cases with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19. [PMID:32259132]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0048","PCCID:1176","Urea (UREA)","increased UREA level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","22664-7","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","metabolite","A raised serum urea above the upper limit of normal (ULN) significantly predicted for increased risk of early death. We have identified raised serum urea as a significant contributory factor that is predictive of an increased risk of early death in SCLC patients treated with chemotherapy. [PMID:18845424]","Increased serum urea level|Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0049","UPKB:P01034","Cystatin C (CST3)","increased CST3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","33863-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Other consistently reported markers in non-survivors are increased procalcitonin (PCT) and IL-6 levels, as well as increased serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C, direct bilirubin, and cholinesterase. [PMID:32505227]",""
"A0049","UPKB:P01034","Cystatin C (CST3)","increased CST3 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","33863-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Serum urea, CREA, CysC, DBIL, CHE and LDH could be used to distinguish severe COVID-19 cases from mild COVID-19 cases. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.19.20034447]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0049","UPKB:P01034","Cystatin C (CST3)","increased CST3 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","33863-2","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Cystatin C was greatly increased in patients with ovarian cancer compared to patients with benign tumors. Results could be used as to differentiate between malignant and benign gynaecological tumors. [PMID:23986888]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0050","PCCID:5280352","Direct bilirubin (DBIL)","increased DBIL level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","35672-5","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. [PMID:32296824] Serum urea, CREA, CysC, DBIL, CHE and LDH could be used to distinguish severe COVID-19 cases from mild COVID-19 cases. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.19.20034447]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0050","PCCID:5280352","Direct bilirubin (DBIL)","increased DBIL level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35672-5","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","metabolite","Elevated TBIL, DBIL, and CEA were significantly associated with poor 5-year OS in stage IV CRC patients. Moreover, DBIL could be considered as an independent prognostic biomarker for OS. [PMID:29168585]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0051","UPKB:P06276","Cholinesterase (BCHE)","increased BCHE level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","11154-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Serum urea, CREA, CysC, DBIL, CHE and LDH could be used to distinguish severe COVID-19 cases from mild COVID-19 cases. [DOI:10.1101/2020.03.19.20034447]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0051","UPKB:P06276","Cholinesterase (BCHE)","increased BCHE level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","11154-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Other consistently reported markers in non-survivors are increased procalcitonin (PCT) and IL-6 levels, as well as increased serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C, direct bilirubin, and cholinesterase. [PMID:32505227]",""
"A0051","UPKB:P06276","Cholinesterase (BCHE)","increased BCHE level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","11154-2","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","Serum concentrations of albumin, cholinesterase and total cholesterol, and total peripheral lymphocyte count (TLC) were used as nutrition related markers. Results: In multivariate analysis of nutrition related markers, serum albumin and cholinesterase levels were found to be independent prognostic indicators. [PMID:30711999]",""
"A0051","UPKB:P06276","Cholinesterase (BCHE)","increased BCHE level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","11154-2","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","Serum cholinesterase activity was measured in diabetes, hypertensive and diabetic/hypertensive patients. The sample consisted of volunteer patients and was divided in a control group (n = 26), type 2 diabetic group (n = 16), hypertensive group (n = 12) and type 2 diabetic/hypertensive group (n = 26). In addition, blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined. Serum cholinesterase activity in the control group was significantly lower in relation to the other groups (p < 0.001). Blood glucose levels were elevated in type 2 diabetic and type 2 diabetic/hypertensive groups. In vitro studies showed increased cholinesterase activity in the presence of glucose 5100 mM or insulin 0.525 UI (p < 0.001). Cholesterol and triglycerides were at normal levels only in the control group. Possibly, a relationship exists between the increase in serum cholinesterase and the vascular complications in the diabetic patients, potentially stimulated by the levels of glycemia and dyslipidemia. Although patients were receiving different medicines, the increase in enzyme activity was similar in all groups. This enzymatic profile suggests a possible interference of the diseases in the catalytic mechanism of the serum cholinesterase enzyme. [PMID:16233931]",""
"A0052","UPKB:P02768","Albumin (ALB)","decreased ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","The combinations of the hypoalbuminemia, lymphopenia, and high concentrations of CRP and LDH in 2019-nCoV infected patients upon hospital admission may predict more severe acute lung injury. [PMID:32048163] Decreased albumin (p <0.001), and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p <0.001) at admission were significantly associated with severe and critical disease conditions (Table 3). [PMID:32304745] We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. [PMID:32296824] Albumin levels could be used as an independent predictor of the risk of nonsurvivors in critically ill patients with COVID-19. [PMID:32490680]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0052","UPKB:P02768","Albumin (ALB)","decreased ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0052","UPKB:P02768","Albumin (ALB)","decreased ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0052","UPKB:P02768","Albumin (ALB)","decreased ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0052","UPKB:P02768","Albumin (ALB)","decreased ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","thyroid cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0052","UPKB:P02768","Albumin (ALB)","decreased ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0052","UPKB:P02768","Albumin (ALB)","decreased ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","cervical cancer (DOID:4362)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0052","UPKB:P02768","Albumin (ALB)","decreased ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0052","UPKB:P02768","Albumin (ALB)","decreased ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0052","UPKB:P02768","Albumin (ALB)","decreased ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0052","UPKB:P02768","Albumin (ALB)","decreased ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","lymphoma (DOID:8584)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0052","UPKB:P02768","Albumin (ALB)","decreased ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well"
"A0053","PDB:2ERJ","Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R)","increased IL-2R level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","76039-7","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","With following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R >793.5U/mL, CRP >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >ug/L, WBC>9.5*10^9/L or NC >7.305*10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. [PMID:33349241]",""
"A0053","PDB:2ERJ","Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R)","increased IL-2R level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","76039-7","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","In 6 cases with lymph node metastasis, serum soluble IL-2R levels were significantly higher than in those without lymph node metastasis. Five of these 6 cases demonstrated statistically significantly increased levels of serum soluble IL-2R suggesting serum soluble IL-2R as a predictor of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer. [PMID:11961349]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0054","","Ferroprotein (FERRO)","increased FERRO level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","With following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R >793.5U/mL, CRP >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >ug/L, WBC>9.5*10^9/L or NC >7.305*10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. [PMID:33349241]",""
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","With following parameters such as age >67.5 years, IL2R >793.5U/mL, CRP >30.7ng/mL, ferroprotein >ug/L, WBC>9.5*10^9/L or NC >7.305*10^9/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. [PMID:33349241]",""
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","In this study, the most important finding was that the neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and platelet count were independent risk factors for predicting the development of severe illness in COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32352397]",""
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","cell","Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","cell","Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","cell","Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","cell","Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","cell","Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","cervical cancer (DOID:4362)","cell","Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","cell","Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","cell","Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","cell","Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","hematologic cancer (DOID:2531)","cell","Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]","lymphoma (DOID:8584)"
"A0055","CO:CL_0000775","Neutrophil (NEUT)","increased NEUT count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","21418-9","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","cell","Pro-inflammatory and infection-related biomarkers, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, as well as organ damage indices (leucocytes, neutrophils, and lactate dehydrogenase), coagulation-related indicators (D-dimer, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time), and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with worse severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790] Post-COVID-19 infection, lower hemoglobin levels, higher total white blood cell (WBC) counts, and higher absolute neutrophil counts were associated with increased mortality (Table 3). Analysis of other serologic biomarkers demonstrated that elevated D-dimer, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients were significantly correlated with dying (Table 3). [PMID:32357994]",""
"A0056","CO:CL_0000576","Monocyte (MONO)","increased MONO count","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","cell","Serum monocyte fraction were significantly associated with high Gleason score prostate cancer. The number of white blood cell count was a lot higher in patients with a Gleason score higher than 7 prostate cancer than in patients without it. Suggesting an interaction of monocytes with the progression of prostate cancer. Serum monocyte fraction was also significantly higher in men with Gleason score prostate cancer than in men with negative biopsy and Gleason score prostate cancer in the cohort of men. [PMID:27823973]","High serum monocyte fraction"
"A0056","CO:CL_0000576","Monocyte (MONO)","decreased MONO count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","26484-6","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. [PMID:32161940]",""
"A0056","CO:CL_0000576","Monocyte (MONO)","increased MONO count","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26484-6","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","cell","This monocyte signature was expressed at early disease onset, remained robust over the course of disease progression, and was specific for the monocytic fraction of mononuclear cells. The identified distinct signature in tumour-educated monocytes might be used as a candidate biomarker in CRC diagnosis and harbours the potential for disease follow-up and therapeutic monitoring. [PMID:25814648]","Presence of signature tumour-educated monocytes."
"A0056","CO:CL_0000576","Monocyte (MONO)","decreased MONO count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26484-6","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","cell","We performed high dimensional flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing of COVID-19 patient peripheral blood cells and detected the disappearance of non-classical CD14LowCD16High monocytes, the accumulation of HLA-DRLow classical monocytes, and the release of massive amounts of calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) in severe cases. Immature CD10LowCD101-CXCR4+/- neutrophils with an immuno-suppressive profile accumulated as well in blood and lungs, suggesting emergency myelopoiesis. We finally showed that calprotectin plasma level and a routine flow cytometry assay detecting decreased frequencies of non-classical monocytes could discriminate patients who develop a severe COVID-19 form, suggesting a predictive value that deserves prospective evaluation. [PMID:32810439]","disappearance of non-classical CD14LowCD16High monocytes, accumulation of HLA-DRLow classical monocytes"
"A0057","CO:CL_0000767","Basophil (BASO)","decreased BASO count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","26444-0","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. [PMID:32161940]",""
"A0057","CO:CL_0000767","Basophil (BASO)","decreased BASO count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","26444-0","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","cell","As a common immune/inflammation-related biomarker available from the blood routine examination, low level of preoperative serum basophil count was associated with aggressive biology and indicated evidently poor survival. Preoperative serum basophil count would be a useful and simple marker for the management of CRC patients. [PMID:32037496]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0058","CO:CL_0000912","Helper T cell (TH)","decreased TH count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","65758-5","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. [PMID:32161940]",""
"A0058","CO:CL_0000912","Helper T cell (TH)","increased TH count","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","65758-5","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","cell","Our results demonstrate that circulating CXCR5-PD-1hi Tph cells are associated with progression to clinical type 1 diabetes. Consequently, Tph cells could have potential both as a biomarker of disease progression and as a target for immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes. [PMID:31270583]","increase CXCR5-PD-1hi Tph cells"
"A0060","CO:CL_0000898","Naive Th cell (NTH)","increased NTH count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","80720-6","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. [PMID:32161940]",""
"A0060","CO:CL_0000898","Naive Th cell (NTH)","decreased NTH count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","80720-6","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","cell","The frequency of Treg, HLA-DRlow monocytes and naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as the ratios of CD4/HLA-DRlow monocytes and HLA-DRlow monocytes/pDC correlated with patient's overall survival. Next to Treg, HLA-DRlow monocytes and naive T cells represent prognostic markers for NSCLC patients and might be useful for monitoring of patients' responses to immunotherapies in future studies. [PMID:30246868]","Decrease in naive T cell counts."
"A0061","CO:CL_0000813","Memory Th cell (MTH)","decreased MTH count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. [PMID:32161940]",""
"A0061","CO:CL_0000813","Memory Th cell (MTH)","increased MTH count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","cell","Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus had elevated percentages of effector memory T cells ((CD4+CD45RO+CD62L-; 21.8% ± 11.2% vs 17.0% ± 9.2% in non-type 2 diabetes mellitus, p < 0.01) and central memory T cells (CD4+CD45RO+CD62L+; 38.0% ± 10.7% vs 36.0% ± 9.5% in non-type 2 diabetes mellitus, p < 0.01). The proportion of effector memory T cells was increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with cardiovascular disease as compared to those without (26.4% ± 11.5% vs 18.4% ± 10.2%, p < 0.05), while no difference in regulatory T cells was observed between these two patient groups. This study identifies effector memory T cells as a potential cellular biomarker for cardiovascular disease among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting a state of exacerbated immune activation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with cardiovascular disease. [PMID:30574794]","Elevated percentage of effector memory T cells (CD4+CD45RO+CD62L-)."
"A0062","CO:CL_0000815","Regulatory T cell (TREG)","decreased TREG count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","90413-6","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. [PMID:32161940]",""
"A0062","CO:CL_0000815","Regulatory T cell (TREG)","decreased TREG count","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","14135-8","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Severe cases tend to have lower lymphocytes counts, higher leukocyte counts and neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), as well as lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Most of severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of infection-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. The number of T cells significantly decreased, and more hampered in severe cases. Both helper T cells and suppressor T cells in patients with COVID-19 were below normal levels, and lower level of helper T cells in severe group. The percentage of naive helper T cells increased and memory helper T cells decreased in severe cases. Patients with COVID-19 also have lower level of regulatory T cells, and more obviously damaged in severe cases. [PMID:32161940]",""
"A0062","CO:CL_0000815","Regulatory T cell (TREG)","increased TREG count","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","90413-6","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","cell","The percentages of naive Treg were found elevated in NSCLC patients compared to HD and were associated with poor clinical outcome, whereas the percentage of terminal effector Treg was lower compared to HD and higher levels were correlated with improved clinical response. At baseline, normal levels of naive and effector Treg were associated with longer overall survival (OS) compared to high levels, while the high frequency of the terminal effector Treg was correlated with longer Progression-Free Survival and OS. [PMID:27976733]",""
"A0063","NCIt:C74611","Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)","increased ESR","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","30341-2","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","cell","Elevated ESR was found to be associated with metastatic disease and was also found to be a prognostic factor adversely affecting survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma. [PMID:29285390]","melanoma (DOID:1909)"
"A0063","NCIt:C74611","Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)","increased ESR","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","30341-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (R=0.55, p < .01) was positively associated with CT severity scores. To sum up, we can conclude from the analysis of published studies that hematological (lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, and NLR), inflammatory (CRP, ESR, IL-6), and especially biochemical (D-dimer, Troponins, CK) parameters correlate with severe prognosis or exitus in COVID-19 patients and can therefore be used as predictive biomarkers. [PMID:32503382] Inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were increased. [PMID:32324595]",""
"A0064","UPKB:P10145","Interleukin-8 (IL8)","increased IL8 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","33211-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","COVID-19 is associated with high levels of [IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1b, and CXCL8/IL-8]. We found that high serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF alpha levels at the time of hospitalization were strong and independent predictors of patient survival. [PMID:32511562]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0064","UPKB:P10145","Interleukin-8 (IL8)","increased IL8 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","33211-4","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","The study showed that IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels correlated with clinical disease stage and lymph node metastasis as well as with ER and HER2 antigen expression. Specifically, IL-6 and IL-8 seem to have significant potential as prognostic cancer biomarkers. [PMID:28791816]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0064","UPKB:P10145","Interleukin-8 (IL8)","increased IL8 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","33211-4","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","Patients with T2D exhibited significantly higher serum IL-8 levels than non-diabetic subjects (69.27 ± 112.83 vs. 16.03 ± 24.27 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Patients with T2D display a marked elevation of circulating IL-8 levels which identify subjects with worse inflammatory, glycometabolic and lipid profile and lower vitamin D levels. [PMID:28836077]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0065","UPKB:P19429","Cardiac troponin I (TNNI3)","increased TNNI3 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","10839-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","cTnI values are significantly increased in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to those with milder forms of disease. It is hence reasonable to hypothesize that initial measurement of cardiac damage biomarkers immediately after hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as longitudinal monitoring during hospital stay, may help identifying a subset of patients with possible cardiac injury and thereby predict the progression of COVID-19 towards a worse clinical picture. [PMID:32169400] High troponin I levels with either advanced age more than 60 years or elevated AST levels was the best model to predict poor outcomes. [PMID:32530509] Age, comorbidities, lymphocytopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, d-dimer, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, prothrombin time, and disease severity were reported to be associated with intensive care unit admission. [PMID:32171076]",""
"A0065","UPKB:P19429","Cardiac troponin I (TNNI3)","increased TNNI3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","10839-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","A retrospective study performed in China of patients with confirmed COVID-19 based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, revealed a univariable odds ratio for death at 80.1 (95% CI 10.3-620.4, p<0.0001) for hs-TnI. Another study of 416 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 reported that hs-TnI was elevated in 1 in 5 patients on presentation. [PMID:32475810] In a cohort of 191 patients with confirmed COVID-19 based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, the univariable odds ratio for death when high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentrations were above the 99th percentile upper reference limit was 80.1 (95% CI, 10.3-620.4; P<0.0001). This was higher than the odds ratios observed for all other biomarkers tested, including D-dimer and lymphocyte count. [PMID:32251612]",""
"A0066","PCCID:5462222","Potassium (K+)","decreased K+ level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","51720-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","Hypokalemia is prevailing in patients with COVID-19. The end of urine K+ loss indicates a good prognosis and may be a reliable, in-time, and sensitive biomarker directly reflecting the end of adverse effect on RAS system. [DOI:10.1101/2020.02.27.20028530]",""
"A0066","PCCID:5462222","Potassium (K+)","decreased K+ level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","51720-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","Hypokalemia is prevailing in patients with COVID-19. The correction of hypokalemia is challenging because of continuous renal K+ loss resulting from the degradation of ACE2. [DOI:10.1101/2020.02.27.20028530]",""
"A0066","PCCID:5462222","Potassium (K+)","decreased K+ level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","51720-1","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","chemical element","Diabetic patients frequently develop a constellation of electrolyte disorders. These disturbances are particularly common in decompensated diabetics, especially in the context of diabetic ketoacidosis or nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. These patients are markedly potassium, magnesium and phosphate-depleted. [PMID:25325058]",""
"A0067","CO:CL_0000775|CO:CL_0000624","Neutrophil to CD4+ Lymphocyte ratio (NCD4LR)","increased NCD4LR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","The NCDLR value can be widely used as a clinical biomarker for disease progression and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32531713]","NCIt:C174433|CO:CL_0000775|CO:CL_0000624"
"A0069","UPKB:P01008","Antithrombin (SERPINC1)","decreased SERPINC1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","20991-6","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Compared with healthy controls, the AT values were found to be lower in COVID-19 patients (85% vs. 99%; p<0.001). [PMID:32172226] The correlation between AT reduction to clinical outcomes can be extrapolated from studies in sepsis where this association has already been well established. [PMID:32829961]",""
"A0069","UPKB:P01008","Antithrombin (SERPINC1)","increased SERPINC1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","20991-6","brain cancer (DOID:1319)","protein","Our results pointed antithrombin (down) and fibrinogen (up) regulated after a four months treatment deserving to be further verified as prognostic markers for this treatment. Possible links between tumor progression and anti-thrombin expression level are also discussed. [PMID:19227008]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|glioblastoma (DOID:3068)"
"A0070","PCCID:439199","Fibrin degradation product (FDP)","increased FDP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","29263-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","FDP (33.83 vs. 1.55 mg/L; p<0.001) were higher in patients with SARS-CoV-2 than those in controls. [PMID:32172226] Non-survivors revealed significantly higher D-dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels, longer prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. [PMID:32073213]",""
"A0071","PDB:3GHG","Fibrinogen (FIB)","increased FIB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","30009-5","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","FIB values in SARS-CoV-2 patients were also higher than those in the control group (5.02 vs. 2.90 g/L; p<0.001). [PMID:32172226]",""
"A0071","PDB:3GHG","Fibrinogen (FIB)","increased FIB level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","30009-5","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Fibrinogen levels were shown to be much higher in patients with severe COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32367765]",""
"A0072","","CT score (CTS)","increased CTS","prognostic","lung (UN:0002048)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","image","CT score is positively correlated with age, inflammatory biomarkers, severity of clinical categories, and disease phases. A CT score >/=18 has shown to be highly predictive of patient's mortality in short-term follow-up. [PMID:32623505] Quantitative CT may have potential in assessing the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia on admission. [PMID:32346594]",""
"A0073","NCIt:C180931","Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)","increased NET level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","DNA","We now report that sera from patients with COVID-19 (n=50 patients, n=84 samples) have elevated levels of cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA, and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3); the latter two are highly specific markers of NETs. In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. [PMID:32511633] Indeed, we posit here that excess NETs may elicit the severe multi-organ consequences of COVID-19 via their known effects on tissues and the immune, vascular, and coagulation systems. There are multiple individual or combinatorial - and likely safe - therapeutic strategies available to antagonize NETs in COVID-19 patients today, and NETs themselves may be an appropriate biomarker to follow studies to test their efficacy. [PMID:32302401]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0073","NCIt:C180931","Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)","increased NET level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","DNA","In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. [PMID:32511633]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0073","NCIt:C180931","Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)","increased NET level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","DNA","The results showed that NETs formation was obviously elevated in T2DM patients. An increased NETs formation was observed in DWR, NPDR, and PDR groups when compared with healthy controls. NE expression was also elevated in T2DM patients when compared with healthy controls. [PMID:30671057]",""
"A0074","","Myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA)","increased MPO-DNA level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","DNA","We now report that sera from patients with COVID-19 (n=50 patients, n=84 samples) have elevated levels of cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA, and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3); the latter two are highly specific markers of NETs. In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. [PMID:32511633]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0074","","Myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA)","increased MPO-DNA level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","gastrointestinal system cancer (DOID:3119)","DNA","To further certify autonomous NET formation in patients with GC, we assessed the levels of circulating MPO-DNA complex, a well-established marker of NET formation. We found that the amount of circulating MPO-DNA complex in patients with GC was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. These results suggest that GC creates a systemic environment that primes neutrophils to release procoagulant NETs. [PMID:26823721]",""
"A0075","PRO:PR_000050386","Citrullinated histone H3 (CIT-H3)","increased CIT-H3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","We now report that sera from patients with COVID-19 (n=50 patients, n=84 samples) have elevated levels of cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA, and citrullinated histone H3 (Cit-H3); the latter two are highly specific markers of NETs. In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. [PMID:32511633]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0075","PRO:PR_000050386","Citrullinated histone H3 (CIT-H3)","increased CIT-H3 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Cit-H3 associated strongly with platelet levels. In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. [PMID:32511633]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0075","PRO:PR_000050386","Citrullinated histone H3 (CIT-H3)","increased CIT-H3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Our results are the first to unveil H3Cit as a potential diagnostic and prognostic blood marker associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. [PMID:29324871]",""
"A0075","PRO:PR_000050386","Citrullinated histone H3 (CIT-H3)","increased CIT-H3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Our results are the first to unveil H3Cit as a potential diagnostic and prognostic blood marker associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. [PMID:29324871]",""
"A0075","PRO:PR_000050386","Citrullinated histone H3 (CIT-H3)","increased CIT-H3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","Our results are the first to unveil H3Cit as a potential diagnostic and prognostic blood marker associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. [PMID:29324871]",""
"A0075","PRO:PR_000050386","Citrullinated histone H3 (CIT-H3)","increased CIT-H3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","cervical cancer (DOID:4362)","protein","Our results are the first to unveil H3Cit as a potential diagnostic and prognostic blood marker associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. [PMID:29324871]",""
"A0075","PRO:PR_000050386","Citrullinated histone H3 (CIT-H3)","increased CIT-H3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","Our results are the first to unveil H3Cit as a potential diagnostic and prognostic blood marker associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. [PMID:29324871]",""
"A0075","PRO:PR_000050386","Citrullinated histone H3 (CIT-H3)","increased CIT-H3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","Our results are the first to unveil H3Cit as a potential diagnostic and prognostic blood marker associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response in patients with advanced cancer. [PMID:29324871]",""
"A0075","PRO:PR_000050386","Citrullinated histone H3 (CIT-H3)","increased CIT-H3 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","In T2DM, NETosis markers in circulating plasma, such as H3Cit and cfDNA, are related to glycemia control, systemic low-grade inflammation markers and previous MI. Enhanced NETosis detectable in circulating blood is associated with a prothrombotic state, especially hypofibrinolysis in T2DM patients. The present study shows that NETosis might contribute to thrombotic and cardiovascular risk in that disease. [PMID:30992036]",""
"A0076","","Ground-glass opacity (GGO)","presence of","diagnostic","lung (UN:0002048)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","image","The typical feature was multiple lobular ground-glass opacity  and subsegmental areas of consolidation in COVID-19 patients. CT scan may be a reliable test for screening COVID-19 cases. [PMID:32161968] We identified a simple, reliable, and accurate COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic imaging biomarker obtained from CTA lung apices: the presence or absence of ground-glass opacification. [PMID: 32943416]","Cartoid CTA scan|Apical ground-glass opacification"
"A0077","PRO:PR_000050341","Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)","increased ALT level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","76625-3","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Alanine aminotransferase is present at increased level in COVID-19 patients with severe disease and as such may be useful to monitor in patients admitted to the ICU. [PMID:32311826] Liver enzymes including ALT and AST are useful biomarkers of hepatic dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Most liver diseases initially cause mild symptoms, but they must be detected early. [PMID:32669866] Liver dysfunction with chronically increased serum Alanine aminotransferase indicates adverse outcome of COVID-19. [PMID:32438331] Increase in alanine aminotransferase can be used to predict COVID-19 severity. [PMID:32234718] Age, comorbidities, lymphocytopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, d-dimer, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, prothrombin time, and disease severity were reported to be associated with intensive care unit admission. [PMID:32171076] Our findings suggest that level of LDH, CRP, ALT and NEU can be used to predict the result of COVID-19 test. [PMID:32259132]",""
"A0077","PRO:PR_000050341","Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)","increased ALT level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","76625-3","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Several prospective studies have demonstrated associations between GGT or ALT and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, vascular and nonvascular mortality, and all cause mortality outcomes. Emerging evidence indicates that increasing levels of GGT and ALT may each be linked to cancer risk. A number of prospective studies have been published reporting on the associations between baseline levels of these enzymes and risk of cancer, but their results have been inconsistent, particularly for ALT. Whereas some studies have observed positive associations of circulating levels of these enzymes with risk of cancer, others have shown inverse associations, with some studies showing no associations at all. [PMID:25043373]",""
"A0078","UPKB:P14210","Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)","increased HGF level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","79394-3","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","The accuracy of classification of severe case was also the highest when using HGF. Thus, HGF was ultimately used as the biomarker to discriminate severe from nonsevere COVID-19 patients. [DOI:10.1101/2020.05.31.20118315]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0078","UPKB:P14210","Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)","Increased HGF level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","79394-3","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) classified severe from nonsevere COVID-19 patients with a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 97.9% under a cutoff value of 1128 pg/ml. The level of this cytokine did not increase in nonsevere patients but was significantly elevated in severe patients. Considering its potent antiinflammatory function, we suggest that HGF might be a new candidate therapy for critical COVID-19. [DOI:10.1101/2020.05.31.20118315]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0078","UPKB:P14210","Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)","increased HGF level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","79394-3","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","Serum HGF concentration may be a new marker of atherosclerotic complications in patients with Type 2 DM. [PMID:16759302]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0079","UPKB:P17174","Aspartate aminotransferase (GOT1)","increased GOT1 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","AST is strongly associated with mortality risk compared to other parameters. Significant elevation in liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) is associated with critical changes in renal function parameters (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine) and coagulation markers. [PMID:32503382] High troponin I levels with either advanced age more than 60 years or elevated AST levels was the best model to predict poor outcomes. [PMID:32530509]",""
"A0079","UPKB:P17174","Aspartate aminotransferase (GOT1)","increased GOT1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Compared to non-severe patients, severe patients showed significant suppression of lymphocyte count and monocyte count, as well as increase of CRP and AST. [PMID:32492406] Combined with significant elevations in liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), renal biomarkers (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine), and coagulation measures, a picture of MOF becomes very apparent in patients who develop the severe form of the disease, even with laboratory parameters measured primarily at admission. [PMID:32286245] Impending hyperinflammation can manifest as cytopenias (thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia), coagulopathy (low platelet and fibrinogen levels, and elevated d -dimer levels), tissue damage/hepatitis (elevated LDH, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels), and macrophage/hepatocyte activation (elevated ferritin levels). [PMID:32293098]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0079","UPKB:P17174","Aspartate aminotransferase (GOT1)","increased GOT1 level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","Increased levels of AST had a higher risk for esophageal cancer. [PMID:20376881]","Increased AST level|Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0080","PRO:PR_000050361","Creatine kinase (CK)","increased CK level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","2157-6","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","COVID-19 patients typically present increased levels of biomarkers of muscle injury, namely creatine-kinase (CK) and myoglobin. However, the alterations of such biomarkers could be the result of several clinical conditions, including kidney dysfunction and cardiac injury, or a direct effect of the SARS-CoV-2, which can also infect cells of the muscle tissue due to the expression of the ACE2 receptor. [PMID:32589600] To sum up, we can conclude from the analysis of published studies that hematological (lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, and NLR), inflammatory (CRP, ESR, IL-6), and especially biochemical (D-dimer, Troponins, CK) parameters correlate with severe prognosis or exitus in COVID-19 patients and can therefore be used as predictive biomarkers. [PMID:32503382]",""
"A0080","PRO:PR_000050361","Creatine kinase (CK)","increased CK level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","2157-6","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In keeping with this observation, 138 patients with COVID-19, who were admitted to an intensive care unit, showed a tendency toward increased creatine kinase levels. [PMID:32247631] Age, comorbidities, lymphocytopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, d-dimer, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, prothrombin time, and disease severity were reported to be associated with intensive care unit admission. [PMID:32171076]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0081","PCCID:5360545","Sodium (Na+)","decreased Na+ level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","chemical element","Lower levels of sodium can indicate poorer results of esophageal carcinoma, but higher survival benefits of adjuvant therapy. [PMID:33552948]","Also a predictive biomarker"
"A0081","PCCID:5360545","Sodium (Na+)","decreased Na+ level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","2947-0","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","Interestingly, a large proportion of patients had sodium and calcium levels below the reference range on admission (28.7% and 20.6%, respectively). Hong et al. [15] recently reported similar findings, where 50% of COVID-19 patients they examined had hyponatremia and hypokalemia and they suggested there was a correlation with the degree of renal injury in those patients. [PMID:32766546] A total of 108 patients with hypokalemia exhibited moderate decreases in sodium, white blood cells, and lymphocyte than the 67 patients with normokalemia. [DOI:10.1101/2020.02.27.20028530]",""
"A0081","PCCID:5360545","Sodium (Na+)","increased Na+ level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","2947-0","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","chemical element","The influx of sodium (Na+ ) ions into a resting cell is regulated by Na+ channels and by Na+/H+ and Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, whereas Na+ ion efflux is mediated by the activity of Na+ /K+ -ATPase to maintain a high transmembrane Na+ ion gradient. Dysfunction of this system leads to changes in the intracellular sodium concentration that promotes cancer metastasis by mediating invasion and migration. Alterations in the Na+ ion concentration may potentially be used as a biomarker for malignant tumor diagnosis and prognosis. [PMID:32219933]",""
"A0081","PCCID:5360545","Sodium (Na+)","increased Na+ level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","2947-0","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","chemical element","The results of this study showed that Na level were higher in blood and scalp hair samples of hypertensive diabetic (HD) patients and nonhypertensive diabetic (NHD) patients as compared to control subjects of both genders (p < 0.05). [PMID:18488152]",""
"A0082","PCCID:9750","Plasma citrulline (CIT)","decreased CIT level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","2129-5","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","In our cohort study, we showed that a majority of patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 had decreased levels of plasma citrulline, which correlated with digestive symptoms and systemic inflammation. Low citrulline is likely involved in SARS-CoV-2-associated diarrhea by causing alteration of intestinal permeability and enterocyte malabsorption. It could also participate in the significant weight loss that is observed in patients with COVID-19. [PMID:32646736]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0082","PCCID:9750","Plasma citrulline (CIT)","decreased CIT level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","2129-5","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","metabolite","Plasma citrulline (Cit) is an amino acid that is produced by small bowel enterocytes. The plasma citrulline level is a reliable and objective biochemical marker of enterocyte mass and function in humans, and therefore can be used to monitor enterocyte toxicity resulting from chemotherapy and radiotherapy during anticancer therapy in patients with severely disturbed gut integrity. [PMID:25473654]","Decreased plasma citrulline level"
"A0084","PRO:PR_000050356","Creatine kinase MB (CK-MB)","increased CK-MB level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","20569-0","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Besides radiographic presentations, variables that were associated significantly with severity of COVID-19 were decreased lymphocytes, elevated body temperature, and high levels of procalcitonin, D-dimer, and creatine kinase MB. [PMID:32220650]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0084","PRO:PR_000050356","Creatine kinase MB (CK-MB)","increased CK-MB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","20569-0","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","A meta-analysis which included 4189 confirmed patients of COVID-19 from 28 studies pointed out that cardiac injury biomarkers rose above normal by the midpoint of hospitalization and spiked immediately before death, which seemed to be the most seen in severe cases. [PMID:32596365]",""
"A0085","UPKB:P51649","Alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (ALDH5A1)","increased ALDH5A1 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","1677-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","LDH and alpha-HBDH may be considerable markers for evaluation of NCOVID-19. [PMID:32161968]",""
"A0085","UPKB:P51649","Alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase (ALDH5A1)","increased ALDH5A1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","1677-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","This study reveals that the heart is also a major target of COVID-19 infection, and myocardial enzyme spectrum assays could help the diagnosis, prognosis and guide the treatments to prevent heart failure in COVID-19 patients. [DOI:https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-23849/v1] We noted significantly increased cTnI, CK, HBDB and LDH levels in very severe group as compare to severe. [PMID:32209382]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0086","UPKB:P09603","Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1)","increased CSF1 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) regulates growth and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and functionally activates the maturation of macrophages. The M-CSF in breast cancer patients were investigated and compared with control groups. The medians of M-CSF, which was 464.28 pg/ml in its levels similarly to the level of the commonly accepted tumor marker, which is CA 15-3 at 25.00 U/ml in the total group of breast cancer patients were significantly higher when compared to the healthy subjects, which is 298.55 pg/ml (p < 0.001). In other words, the median levels of M-CSF in breast cancer total group were statistically higher than in benign breast tumor patients group (p = 0.0004). [PMID:23688065]","EDRN biomarker"
"A0086","UPKB:P09603","Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1)","increased CSF1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","17106-6","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Three cytokines, M-CSF, IL-8 and SCF, which were clustered into 3 different correlation groups and had relatively small fluctuations during SARS-CoV-2 infection, were selected for the construction of a multiclass classification model. This model discriminated healthy individuals and asymptomatic and nonsevere patients with accuracy of 77.4% but was not successful in classifying severe patients. [DOI:10.1101/2020.05.31.20118315]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0087","UPKB:P21583","Stem cell factor (KITLG)","increased KITLG level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","SCF were significantly higher in fatal than severe and/or mild COVID-19 patients. The temporal changes of the identified CCGFs may serve as biomarkers for prognosis of COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32561706] Regulatory DCs (regDCs) play an important role in controlling immune homeostasis and can possess an immunosuppressive ability to induce specific immune tolerance and dampen Th2 type inflammation. [PMID:32292113] Therefore, the fact that the transplantation of MSCs improved the outcome of COVID-2019 patients may be due to regulating inflammatory response and promoting tissue repair and regeneration. [PMID:32257537] Three cytokines, M-CSF, IL-8 and SCF, which were clustered into 3 different correlation groups and had relatively small fluctuations during SARS-CoV-2 infection, were selected for the construction of a multiclass classification model. This model discriminated healthy individuals and asymptomatic and nonsevere patients with accuracy of 77.4% but was not successful in classifying severe patients. [DOI:10.1101/2020.05.31.20118315]",""
"A0087","UPKB:P21583","Stem cell factor (KITLG)","increase KITLG level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Increase in SCF causes a downregulation of certain proteins which induces and activates metastasis in breast cancer patients after surgery. SCF triggers the activation of transcription factors involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, which are frequently associated with tumor progression or metastasis. [PMID:31254605]","Increased SCF level."
"A0088","PCCID:5280352","Bilirubin (BIL)","increased BIL level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","33898-8","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","metabolite","This study found that the increased level of serum bilirubin correlates with better prognosis in patients with EOC. In this study, patients with higher preoperative serum TBIL and IBL levels showed prolonged OS and PFS compared with those with lower preoperative TBIL and IBL levels. [PMID:32509218]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0088","PCCID:5280352","Bilirubin (BIL)","increased BIL level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","33898-8","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","Increased levels of total bilirubin have been shown to distinguish between COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU vs those with less severe disease. [PMID:32311826] Other consistently reported markers in non-survivors are increased procalcitonin (PCT) and IL-6 levels, as well as increased serum urea, creatinine, cystatin C, direct bilirubin, and cholinesterase. [PMID:32505227]",""
"A0089","NCIt:C38462","Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)","increased APTT","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","3173-2","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein|lipid","This study also showed that APTT increased gradually in patients with CRC, which could cause decreases in blood coagulation function and render patients prone to colorectal bleeding. [PMID:32753955]",""
"A0089","NCIt:C38462","Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)","prolonged APTT","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","3173-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)-based clot waveform analysis (CWA) is a form of global haemostatic assay. In conclusion, the rise of CWA (clot waveform analysis) parameters precedes and coincides with ICU admission. COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) support exhibit haemostatic disturbances and interrogated their aPTT-based CWA parameters as surrogates of their haemostatic functions. [PMID:32267008] Non-survivors revealed significantly higher D-dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels, longer prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. [PMID:32073213] The nonsurvivors demonstrated significantly higher D-dimer and FDP levels, and longer PT and APTT compared to survivors on admission. [PMID:32311826]",""
"A0090","NCIt:C62656","Prothrombin time (PT)","increased PT","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","5894-1","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","The PT level in patients with advanced stage colorectal cancer was increased significantly compared with those in an early stage, which indicated that PT could be used as a marker for evaluating prognosis in patients with CRC. [PMID:32753955]",""
"A0090","NCIt:C62656","Prothrombin time (PT)","prolonged PT","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","5894-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","The nonsurvivors demonstrated significantly higher D-dimer and FDP levels, and longer PT and APTT compared to survivors on admission. [PMID:32311826] Non-survivors revealed significantly higher D-dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels, longer prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. [PMID:32073213]",""
"A0091","UPKB:P02776","Platelet factor 4 (PF4)","decreased PF4 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","6002-0","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In a proteomic investigation of sera in SARS patients, decreasing PF4 was found to be associated with poor prognosis which is in consistent with our findings in COVID-19. [PMID:32492406]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0092","UPKB:Q01844","RNA-binding protein EWS (EWSR1)","increased EWSR1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Best baseline predictors of respiratory failure were suPAR with an AUC (95% CI) of 0.88 (0.80-0.95), EWS 0.84 (0.75-0.93), LDH 0.82 (0.71-0.93), and CRP 0.80 (0.70-0.89). [DOI:10.1101/2020.05.27.20114678]",""
"A0093","UPKB:O15123","Angiopoietin-2 gene polymorphism rs12674822 (ANGPT2)","presence of","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","gene","Genetic variants of the Angpt2 rs12674822 polymorphism appears to be correlated with the risk of CRC and PFS in CRC patients. [PMID:31929743]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well|UPKB:O15123"
"A0095","UPKB:Q8IWL2","Surfactant protein A (SFTPA1)","increased SFTPA1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Serum SP-A and SP-D levels were significantly higher in severe cases than in non severe cases. Additionally, SP-A was higher in non-severe cases than in healthy subjects. We propose that serum SP-A and SP-D level might be useful as biomarkers of COVID-19 pneumonia severity. [DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-29567/v1]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0096","UPKB:P35247","Surfactant protein D (SFTPD)","increased SFTPD level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","74541-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Serum SP-A and SP-D levels were significantly higher in severe cases than in non severe cases. Additionally, SP-A was higher in non-severe cases than in healthy subjects. We propose that serum SP-A and SP-D level might be useful as biomarkers of COVID-19 pneumonia severity. [DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-29567/v1]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0097","UPKB:P09104","Neuron-specific enolase (ENO2)","increased ENO2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","19193-2","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","This is the first report with such a substantial evaluation of cancer biomarkers on a large patient population of COVID-19. Our data demonstrate that levels of serum HE4, CYFRA21-1, CEA, CA125, CA153, SCC, and NSE are positively associated with CRP, a crucial factor in correlation with the severity of the disease. We concluded that elevations of serum cancer biomarkers positively correlated with the pathological progressions of COVID-19, demonstrating diffuse and acute pathophysiological injuries in COVID-19. [PMID:32347972] Tumor marker serum levels were related to histological type and tumor extension, with ProGRP being the most sensitive marker in SCLC, CEA in adenocarcinomas and CYFRA 21-1 in squamous tumors. The most sensitive combinations of tumor markers were ProGRP and NSE in SCLC (88%), and CEA plus CYFRA in NSCLC (82%). In summary, ProGRP is the tumor marker of choice in SCLC and NSE is a complementary tumor marker in this histological type. [PMID:16033098] Tumor biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) and Pro-Gastrin Releasing Peptide (ProGRP), were elevated. [PMID:32504736]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0097","UPKB:P09104","Neuron-specific enolase (ENO2)","increased ENO2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","19193-2","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Alteration of serum tumor markers cytokeratin 19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen and neuron-specific enolase is associated with particular tumor histology, smoking habit, more advanced disease and poor prognosis. The number of patients with elevated levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment and neuron-specific enolase was higher in more advanced disease than in early lung cancer (p=0.036 and p=0.036, respectively). Preoperative levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment (p=0.017 and p=0.016, respectively) and neuron-specific enolase (p=0.03 and p=0.006, respectively) were significantly associated with more advanced disease and tumor size, as well as tumor histology in non-small cell lung cancer (p=0.03 and p=0.016, respectively). [PMID:16062024]",""
"A0097","UPKB:P09104","Neuron-specific enolase (ENO2)","increased ENO2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","19193-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In short, we concluded that the concentrations of tumor biomarkers of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, SCCA, ProGRP were elevated in COVID-19 patients, and that CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA could predicte the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32504736] Presence of elevated NSE levels shown as predictor of COVID-19 severity. [PMID:32347972]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0097","UPKB:P09104","Neuron-specific enolase (ENO2)","increased ENO2 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","19193-2","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Our results confirm that patients with lung cancer have increased serum levels of CEA, CYFRA 21-1, ProGRP, and NSE compared to patients with benign disease. Moreover, we found a strong association among the SCLC patients and high levels of ProGRP and NSE. [PMID:30994045]",""
"A0098","PRO:PR_000050383","Progastrin releasing peptide (PROGRP)","increased PROGRP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Tumor marker serum levels were related to histological type and tumor extension, with ProGRP being the most sensitive marker in SCLC. The most sensitive combinations of tumor markers were ProGRP and NSE in SCLC (88%), and CEA plus CYFRA in NSCLC (82%). In summary, ProGRP is the tumor marker of choice in SCLC and NSE is a complementary tumor marker in this histological type. [PMID:16033098] Tumor biomarkers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) and Pro-Gastrin Releasing Peptide (ProGRP), were elevated in cases than those in controls (pall<0.01. [PMID:32504736]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0098","PRO:PR_000050383","Progastrin releasing peptide (PROGRP)","increased PROGRP level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Plasma proGRP level could be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring biomarker for patients with SCLC and the initial level may help with SCLC tumor staging. At cutoff level of 63 pg/mL, proGRP shows 85.7% sensitivity, 90.2% specificity, 72.5% positive predictive value and 95.4% negative predictive value in patients with SCLC. Median proGRP level was higher in extensive disease (1,055.2 pg/mL) than limited disease (253.8 pg/mL, P=0.005). Median OS was significantly shorter in patients with extensive disease (6.0±0.7 months) than limited disease (12.7±4.5 months, P<0.01). [PMID:27747005]",""
"A0098","PRO:PR_000050383","Progastrin releasing peptide (PROGRP)","increased PROGRP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In short, we concluded that the concentrations of tumor biomarkers of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, SCCA, ProGRP were elevated in COVID-19 patients, and that CEA, CYFRA21-1, SCCA could predicte the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32504736]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0099","NCIt:C60832","Oxygen saturation (SaO2)","decreased SaO2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","2713-6","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","chemical element","Oxygen saturation (SaO2) was found as another candidate marker of progressive severity. The fact that it was so tightly associated to hospitalization or even death in our model is unsurprising, because a low SaO2 is one of the main criteria for the definition of a severe case. [PMID:32471703]",""
"A0100","PDB:3GHG|UPKB:P02768","Fibrinogen to Albumin ratio (FAR)","increased FAR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","In our study, higher FAR was thought to be associated with a number of important clinicopathological parameters shown to be predictive of worse outcomes. Moreover, higher FAR was also associated with poor survival in ESCC patients, which indicated that elevated FAR might be associated with aggressive burden and systemic progression of ESCC. [PMID:28529615]","NCIt:C174434|PDB:3GHG|UPKB:P02768"
"A0100","PDB:3GHG|UPKB:P02768","Fibrinogen to Albumin ratio (FAR)","increased FAR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","Patients with CAR (C-reactive protein/albumin ratios) were predictors for overall survival (OS). Different analysis showed that patients with postoperative complications, preoperative NLR, and postoperative CAR, were more subject to recurrence-free survival (RFS). It showed that patients who did not receive chemotherapy with CAR >/= 0.035 had a shorter RFS and OS than those who did receive chemo. The postoperative CAR is strongly associated with a poor prognosis in patients with stage III colorectal cancer. It is more readily available than other proposed prognostic scores based on inflammation markers. [PMID:32279124]","PDB:3GHG|UPKB:P02768"
"A0100","PDB:3GHG|UPKB:P02768","Fibrinogen to Albumin ratio (FAR)","increased FAR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","The most important finding was that FAR and PLT count were independent risk factors to predict the development of severe illness in COVID-19. Patients with FAR<0.0883 and PLT count>135*109/L were unlikely to develop into severe disease. [PMID:32367765]","NCIt:C174434|PDB:3GHG|UPKB:P02768"
"A0100","PDB:3GHG|UPKB:P02768","Fibrinogen to Albumin ratio (FAR)","increased FAR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In our study, higher FAR was thought to be associated with a number of important clinicopathological parameters shown to be predictive of worse outcomes. Moreover, higher FAR was also associated with poor survival in ESCC patients, which indicated that elevated FAR might be associated with aggressive burden and systemic progression of ESCC. [PMID:28529615]","NCIt:C174434|PDB:3GHG|UPKB:P02768"
"A0101","UPKB:O43915","Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D)","increased VEGF-D level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","82911-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","VEGF-D was identified as the most important indicator related to the severity of COVID-19. [PMID:32576222] Initial plasma VEGF concentrations were higher in both ICU patients and non-ICU patients than in healthy adults. [PMID:31986264]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0101","UPKB:O43915","Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D)","increased VEGF-D level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","82911-9","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","VEGF-D expression may play a crucial role for lymph node metastasis of breast cancers. Our data identifying VEGF-D expression in tumors of patients with a poor survival prognosis provides, to our knowledge, a first analysis of this VEGF as prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. [PMID:12576440]",""
"A0102","UPKB:Q06187","Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK)","increased BTK level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","75708-8","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Analysis revealed significantly elevated BTK activity, as evidenced by autophosphorylation, and increased IL-6 production. [PMID:32503877]",""
"A0102","UPKB:Q06187","Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK)","increased BTK level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","75708-8","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In contrast, Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib and acalabrutinib, may actually have some protective effect. [PMID:32388230]",""
"A0103","UPKB:P02144","Myoglobin (MB)","increased MB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","2639-3","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","An increased concentration of myoglobin was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization mortality in non-survivors with NCIP. In conclusion, our study provides important documentation that in this single-center, an elevated serum concentration of myoglobin (>/=306.5 ug/L) is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization mortality in non-survivor with NCIP, independent of elevation in CK-MB and Troponin I levels. [PMID:32450473]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0103","UPKB:P02144","Myoglobin (MB)","increased MB level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","2639-3","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","The severity of COVID-19 is associated with acute cardiac injury, and acute cardiac injury is associated with death. Cardiac injury biomarkers mainly increase in non-survivors. This highlights the need to effectively monitor heart health to prevent myocarditis in patients infected with COVID-19. [PMID:32305557]",""
"A0105","PDB:3B75","Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1C)","increased HBA1C level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","4548-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","High HbA1c level is associated with inflammation, hypercoagulability, and low SaO2 in COVID-19 patients, and the mortality rate (27.7%) is higher in patients with diabetes. Determining HbA1c level after hospital admission is thus helpful assessing inflammation, hypercoagulability, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32416121]",""
"A0105","PDB:3B75","Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1C)","increased HBA1C level","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","4548-4","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c Is associated with Anthropometric Measurements and Tumor Characteristics in Breast Cancer Patients. [PMID:32189971]",""
"A0105","PDB:3B75","Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1C)","increased HBA1C level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","4548-4","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","HbA1c measurements may be useful not only in optimizing glycemic control but also as a tool for managing overall vascular risk in patients with diabetes. The degree of glycemic control (HbA1c levels) provide valuable information on the vascular status of patients. [PMID:32403389]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0106","UPKB:Q8NHJ6","Leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B4 (LILRB4)","increased LILRB4 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Increased expression of LILRB4 was associated with increased disease severity in this study, suggesting a possible decrease in monocyte activation leading to an immune suppressive microenvironment. LILRB4 represents a compelling target to investigate COVID343 19 treatment. [PMID:33737684]",""
"A0109","PRO:PR_000050252","Immunoglobulin G (IGG)","increased IGG level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","2465-3","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","IgM and IgG immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were profiled in the serum of ten COVID-19 patients. Such epitope biomarkers provide insight into the immune response to COVID-19 and are potential targets for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccine development. [PMID:33372199]",""
"A0109","PRO:PR_000050252","Immunoglobulin G (IGG)","increased IGG level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","2465-3","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","In this study, we found that the extents of IgG expression in 86 lung cancers were positively related to clinical stage, pathological grade and lymph node metastasis. We also found that IgG of cancerous origin has the ability of promoting growth and survival of tumor cells. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0097359]",""
"A0110","PRO:PR_000050257","Immunoglobulin M (IGM)","increased IGM level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","2472-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","IgM and IgG immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were profiled in the serum of ten COVID-19 patients. Such epitope biomarkers provide insight into the immune response to COVID-19 and are potential targets for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccine development. [PMID:33372199]",""
"A0111","PCCID:7762","Ethyl butanoate (EB)","increased EB level","diagnostic","gas in respiratory system (UN:0034947)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","Higher levels of ethyl butanoate were detected in exhaled breath of COVID-19 patients. breath-borne butyraldehyde and isopropanol were significantly higher for non-COVID-19 respiratory infections. [DOI:10.1101/2020.06.21.20136523]",""
"A0111","PCCID:7762","Ethyl butanoate (EB)","increased EB level","diagnostic","feces (UN:0001988)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","metabolite","Volatile organic compound analysis may have a superior diagnostic ability for the identification of colorectal adenocarcinoma, when compared to other faecal biomarkers, including those currently employed in UK. [PMID:30828825]",""
"A0111","PCCID:7762","Ethyl butanoate (EB)","increased EB level","diagnostic","pus (UN:0000177)","","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","metabolite","While the use of VOCs to diagnose wounds is in its infancy, limited results show promise, including early results on the detection of bacterial infections in diabetic foot ulcers using an eNose. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-816413-6.00023-X]",""
"A0112","PCCID:261","Butyraldehyde (BA)","decreased BA level","diagnostic","gas in respiratory system (UN:0034947)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","Higher levels of ethyl butanoate were detected in exhaled breath of COVID-19 patients. breath-borne butyraldehyde and isopropanol were significantly higher for non-COVID-19 respiratory infections. [DOI:10.1101/2020.06.21.20136523]",""
"A0113","PCCID:3776","Isopropanol (IP)","decreased IP level","diagnostic","gas in respiratory system (UN:0034947)","32084-6","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","Higher levels of ethyl butanoate were detected in exhaled breath of COVID-19 patients. breath-borne butyraldehyde and isopropanol were significantly higher for non-COVID-19 respiratory infections. [DOI:10.1101/2020.06.21.20136523]",""
"A0113","PCCID:3776","Isopropanol (IP)","decreased IP level","diagnostic","feces (UN:0001988)","32084-6","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","metabolite","Volatile organic compound analysis may have a superior diagnostic ability for the identification of colorectal adenocarcinoma, when compared to other faecal biomarkers, including those currently employed in UK. [PMID:30828825]",""
"A0113","PCCID:3776","Isopropanol (IP)","decreased IP level","diagnostic","pus (UN:0000177)","32084-6","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","metabolite","While the use of VOCs to diagnose wounds is in its infancy, limited results show promise, including early results on the detection of bacterial infections in diabetic foot ulcers using an eNose. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-816413-6.00023-X]",""
"A0114","CO:CL_0000542|UPKB:P02741","Lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio (LCR)","decreased LCR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell|protein","A lower LCR and a high NLR could serve as predictive markers for in-hospital complications and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Compared to NLR, high LCR on presentation accurately predicts the in-hospital need for IMV and an upgrade to the ICU. [PMID:32655735]","NCIt:C174193|CO:CL_0000542|UPKB:P02741"
"A0115","","Oxygen-saturated hemoglobin fraction (SpO2)","decreased SpO2 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","59406-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","chemical element","Hypoxemia was independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Patients with SpO2 values less than 90% despite oxygen supplementation, in whom there is a particularly high mortality risk, may be more likely to benefit from experimental therapies such as investigational drugs and antibody drug therapy. [PMID:32376101]",""
"A0116","UPKB:Q9BZZ2","Sialoadhesin (SIGLEC1)","increased SIGLEC1 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","mCD169 could predict SARS-CoV-2 infection at hospital admission during the outbreak. This biomarker could be relevant for triage and rapid therapeutic decision in patients suspected of acute viral infections since mCD169 can be overexpressed in other infections responsible of outbreaks such as influenza or dengue fever. [PMID:33206973]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0116","UPKB:Q9BZZ2","Sialoadhesin (SIGLEC1)","increased SIGLEC1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","Quantitative analysis revealed that the percentages of circulating CD14+CD169+ monocytes from the patients were significantly higher than from HC (18.21% vs. 1.42%, P<0.0001; Fig 1C). Hence, significantly increased percentages of circulating CD14+CD169+ monocytes existed in CRC patients.[PMID:26509874]","Monocyte CD169"
"A0117","UPKB:P04275","von Willebrand factor (VWF)","increased VWF level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","41867-3","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","We also show that critical illness is associated with further elevations in VWF, as well as increases in soluble P-selectin and sCD40L when compared with controls. Together, these results provide biochemical evidence that endotheliopathy and platelet activation are ubiquitous in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and might play key roles in the progression of disease. [PMID:32619411]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0117","UPKB:P04275","von Willebrand factor (VWF)","increased VWF level","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","41867-3","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","The VWF: Ag levels were higher in patients with severe liver fibrosis stage and/or HCC development than in those without. The area under the curve of VWF: Ag for diagnosis of severe liver fibrosis stage was 0.721. Multivariable analysis showed that only VWF: Ag was a predictive biomarker for HCC development. [PMID:30386613]","hepatocellular carcinoma (DOID:684)"
"A0118","UPKB:P16109","P-selectin (SELP)","increased SELP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","17181-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Biomarkers of platelet activity and vascular health are significantly associated with the composite outcome of thrombosis or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. P-selectin and sCD40L contribute to thrombosis by supporting platelet-myeloid heteroaggregate formation and thrombi stability by interaction with PSGL-1 and alpha IIb beta3, respectively. [PMID:32757722]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0118","UPKB:P16109","P-selectin (SELP)","increased SELP level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","17181-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","We also show that critical illness is associated with further elevations in VWF, as well as increases in soluble P-selectin and sCD40L when compared with controls. Together, these results provide biochemical evidence that endotheliopathy and platelet activation are ubiquitous in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and might play key roles in the progression of disease. [PMID:32619411]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0119","UPKB:P29965","CD40 ligand (CD40LG)","increased CD40LG level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Patients with lung cancer had median sCD40L levels higher than in control subjects (0.46 versus 0.13 ng/ml; P < 0.0001), although correlation with the stage of disease was not evident. Nonetheless, sCD40L levels were significantly higher in squamous cancer compared with adenocarcinoma (0.75 versus 0.27 ng/ml; P < 0.05). Moreover, median sCD40L levels were higher in stage IV compared with nonmetastatic squamous lung cancer (1.02 versus 0.61 ng/ml; P < 0.05). sCD40L levels significantly correlated with sP-selectin (P < 0.001), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (P < 0.001), or thrombin-antithrombin III complex (P < 0.05) in squamous lung cancer, but only sP-selectin (P = 0.011) was independently related to sCD40L. [PMID:14760083]",""
"A0119","UPKB:P29965","CD40 ligand (CD40LG)","increased CD40LG level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","Serum sCD40L levels were significantly higher in PDAC group compared with non-cancer groups in both training (p < 0.05) and validation (p < 0.05 datasets. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated patients with high-serum sCD40L (> 35,000 ng/ml) had a poorer prognosis than those with low serum sCD40L (log-rank, p = 0.015). Serum sCD40L is correlated with immunosuppression and angiogenesis in PDAC carcinogenesis/progression, and is a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PDAC superior to CA19-9 and CEA. [PMID:24745825]","Prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (DOID:3498)"
"A0119","UPKB:P29965","CD40 ligand (CD40LG)","increased CD40LG level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","We also show that critical illness is associated with further elevations in VWF, as well as increases in soluble P-selectin and sCD40L when compared with controls. Together, these results provide biochemical evidence that endotheliopathy and platelet activation are ubiquitous in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and might play key roles in the progression of disease. [PMID:32619411]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0119","UPKB:P29965","CD40 ligand (CD40LG)","increased CD40LG level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Biomarkers of platelet activity and vascular health are significantly associated with the composite outcome of thrombosis or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. P-selectin and sCD40L contribute to thrombosis by supporting platelet-myeloid heteroaggregate formation and thrombi stability by interaction with PSGL-1 and alpha IIb beta3, respectively. [PMID:32757722]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0120","UPKB:P07204","Thrombomodulin (THBD)","increased THBD level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","The preoperative plasma TM level of patients with HCC (10.2+/-5.7 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of those patients with benign liver-occupying lesion (6.1+/-2.2 ng/ml) and that of normal controls (5.7+/-1.0 ng/ml), respectively (P<0.05). Plasma TM increases in patients with HCC and can be a biomarker of the formation of PVTT. [PMID:11570577]",""
"A0120","UPKB:P07204","Thrombomodulin (THBD)","decreased THBD level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","The migratory ability of ovarian cancer cells was enhanced dramatically after TM silencing. TM overexpression in ovarian cells suppressed the proliferation and migration capability. Furthermore, we found that skov-3 cells treated with TM shRNA expressed high levels of fibronectin and vimentin and that the expression of these markers correlated positively with their migratory ability. Our results demonstrate that TM expression may regulate cell growth and migration in ovarian cancer cells. This finding suggests that TM may be a novel prognostic and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. [PMID:23918310]","Silencing of TM expression"
"A0120","UPKB:P07204","Thrombomodulin (THBD)","increased THBD level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In all patients, soluble thrombomodulin concentrations greater than 3.26 ng/mL were associated with lower rates of hospital discharge (22 [88%] of 25 patients with low concentrations vs 13 [52%] of 25 patients with high concentrations; p=0.0050) and lower likelihood of survival on Kaplan-Meier analysis (hazard ratio 5.9, 95% CI 1.9-18.4; p=0.0087). [PMID:32619411]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0121","UPKB:P05305","Endothelin-1 (EDN1)","increased EDN1 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","protein","Serum big ET-1 levels may be useful as a diagnostic tool in OSCC and as an adjunct to OSCC staging. By comparing the mean of the big ET-1 concentrations of cases and controls, the independent t-test revealed significant higher big ET-1 concentration of OSCC cases when compared to controls (p<0.0001). [PMID:26537720]",""
"A0121","UPKB:P05305","Endothelin-1 (EDN1)","increased EDN1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","We propose that elevated circulating ET-1 levels might also serve as a prominent biomarker and prognostic tool to identify individuals with the greatest risks of severe COVID-19. [DOI:10.33218/001c.13525]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0122","NCIt:C156117","Cell-free DNA (CFDNA)","increased CFDNA level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","75605-6","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","DNA","Baseline cfDNA concentration correlated with pre-treatment tumour burden (p = 0.52, P < 0.001). Baseline cfDNA levels correlated significantly with hazard of death and overall survival, and a cut off value of 89 pg/ul identified two distinct prognostic groups (HR = 2.22 for high cfDNA, P = 0.004). Patients with cfDNA 89 pg/ul had shorter OS (10.0 versus 22.7 months, P = 0.009; HR = 2.22 for high cfDNA, P = 0.004) In addition, the ratio between baseline cfDNA and tumour burden was prognostic (HR = 2.7 for cfDNA/tumour volume 8 pg/(l*cm3), P = 0.024). Plasma cfDNA level correlates to tumour volume and is a surrogate biomarker for tumour burden and a prognostic marker for survival in metastatic melanoma patients. [PMID:29175734]",""
"A0122","NCIt:C156117","Cell-free DNA (CFDNA)","increased CFDNA level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","DNA","Cell-free DNA strongly correlated with absolute neutrophil count. In summary, these data reveal high levels of NETs in many patients with COVID-19, where they may contribute to cytokine release and respiratory failure. [PMID:32511633]",""
"A0123","CHEBI:39026","Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OXLDL)","increased OXLDL level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","54238-1","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","Higher levels of serum oxLDL may increase risk of colorectal cancer. Cases included both colon and rectal cancers. Risk for colon cancer only was increased with high serum oxLDL levels after adjusting for gender, age, study area, and potential confounders. [PMID:15533907]",""
"A0123","CHEBI:39026","Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OXLDL)","decreased OXLDL level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","SARS-COV-2 infection caused an LDL decrease to occur in the majority of the mild cases; this could be used, in combination with viral RNA detection, as a potential biomarker to facilitate early diagnosis. Serum cancer biomarkers, including CYFRA21-1 and HE4, can be used to monitor the pathological progression of the disease. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3552854]",""
"A0124","NCIt:2697049","Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SC2) RNA","increased SC2 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","94660-8","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","RNA","SARS-COV-2 infection caused an LDL decrease to occur in the majority of the mild cases; this could be used, in combination with viral RNA detection, as a potential biomarker to facilitate early diagnosis. Serum cancer biomarkers, including CYFRA21-1 and HE4, can be used to monitor the pathological progression of the disease. [DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3552854]",""
"A0125","UPKB:P16860","N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NPPB)","increased NPPB level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","71425-3","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Among 35 patients with lung cancer, 26 (74%) had elevated NT-proBNP (>/= 125 pg/mL), versus 9 (26%) with NT-proBNP < 125 pg/mL (P < .0001). By multivariate analysis, the presence of lung cancer was an independent risk factor for a level of NT-proBNP >/= 125 pg/mL (odds ratio, 7; 95% CI, 2.9-17; P < .0001). In our study, patients with lung cancer were 7 times more likely to have elevated NT-proBNP (>/= 125 pg/mL). [PMID:20837460]",""
"A0125","UPKB:P16860","N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NPPB)","increased NPPB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71425-3","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","This meta-analysis showed elevated NT-proBNP level was associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia. [PMID:32434874]",""
"A0126","NCIt:C64800","Coefficient of RBC distribution width (RDW)","increased RDW","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","We found that old age, and higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, the coefficient of variation of red blood cell distribution width, blood urea nitrogen, direct bilirubin, lower albumin, are associated with severe COVID-19. [PMID:32296824]",""
"A0127","NCIT:C105971","Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9)","increased S100A8/S100A9 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","93771-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","As compared with serum samples from 47 healthy controls, the COVID-19 samples showed markedly higher levels of calprotectin. Calprotectin levels were significantly higher in those individuals who required mechanical ventilation at any point during their hospitalization (n = 32), as compared with those who did not (P < 0.0001, Fig. 2F).  We found that high levels of serum calprotectin on day 1 or 2 of hospitalization tracked with a requirement for mechanical ventilation at any point during the admission. [PMID:32869342] Calprotectin level positively correlates with neutrophil count and disease severity. Expression of the S100A8 and S100A9 genes in peripheral blood nucleated cells of patients with severe COVID-19. This study presents evidence that patients who develop severe COVID-19 exhibit high levels of calprotectin and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, correlating with emergency myelopoiesis generating ROS- and NOS-expressing immunosuppressive myeloid cells (HLA-DRLow monocytes and immature subsets of neutrophils). [PMID:32810439]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0127","NCIT:C105971","Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9)","increased S100A8/S100A9 level","monitoring","urine (UN:0001088)","93771-4","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","protein","Urothelial malignancies are associated with highly increased concentrations of calprotecin in the urine. In absence of renal failure and pyuria, calprotectin constitutes a promising biomarker for the detection of bladder cancer. [PMID:24378824]",""
"A0127","NCIT:C105971","Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9)","increased S100A8/S100A9 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","93771-4","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","These first results in T2DM patients appear to be a good starting point to investigate the potential role of serum calprotectin as a biomarker in prospective studies. [PMID:33138021]",""
"A0128","UPKB:P22894","Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8)","increased MMP8 level","diagnostic","saliva (UN:0001836)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Periodontitis could be associated with severe COVID-19 infections. According to several studies, the excessive elevation and activation of MMP-8 (aMMP-8) is linked to the progression of periodontitis, which is also reflected in oral fluids. [PMID:33254580]",""
"A0128","UPKB:P22894","Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8)","increased MMP8 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","The patients with high-serum MMP-8 levels (>100 ng/mL) had poor cancer-specific survival, independent of tumour stage, grade, lymphatic invasion, patient age, BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry, mismatch repair deficiency, Immunoscore and mGPS. High-serum MMP-8 levels are associated with systemic inflammation and adverse outcome in CRC. [PMID:29808017]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0129","UPKB:Q9Y5Y4","Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (PTGDR2)","decreased PTGDR2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","COVID-19 alters the frequency and functional phenotypes of granulocyte subsets with the emergence of CRTH2 as a disease biomarker. [PMID: 3294161 ]",""
"A0130","UPKB:Q15582","Transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBI)","increased TGFBI level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","We report a highly reliable severity diagnostic biomarker, acetylated 676th lysine transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBIp K676Ac). TGFBIp K676Ac was consistently elevated in the blood of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (n = 113), especially in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) compared to non-ICU patients. [PMID:32937590]",""
"A0131","UPKB:P02461|UPKB:B8V7R6|UPKB:P08572|UPKB:P04080|UPKB:O46392|UPKB:O35206|UPKB:C0HJN6|UPKB:P02458|UPKB:Q14055|UPKB:P02452|UPKB:P13942|UPKB:Q14050|UPKB:P20908","COVID20 endogenous peptides panel","increased level of 20 urinary peptides","prognostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","COVID20 is composed of 20 endogenous peptides mainly derived from various collagen chains that enable differentiating moderate or severe disease from critical state or death with 83% sensitivity at 100% specificity. [PMID: 32960510] The 20 peptides are PpGENGKpG (from UPKB:P02461), GDRGEpGpP (from UPKB:B8V7R6), QGAPGERGPP (from UPKB:P08572), YQTNKAKH (from UPKB:P04080), YDGKGVGLGPGP (from UPKB:O46392), GPpGPpGPPGPpA (from UPKB:O35206), GSpGGpGSDGKpGPpG (from UPKB:P02461), GISGPpGPpGPAGKEG (from UPKB:C0HJN6), PGTpGNPGpPGpPGPPGP (from UPKB:P02458), ERGpPGpPGpPGVpGSD (from UPKB:Q14055), GPpGPpGKNGDDGEAGKpG (from UPKB:P02452), DGQPGAKGEPGDAGAKGDAGPPGP (from UPKB:P02452), GARGpEGAQGPRGEpGTPGSpGP (from UPKB:P02458), pGpSGEKGETGDVGPMGpPGPpGP (from UPKB:P13942), DRGETGPAGpPGApGApGApGPVGPAG (from UPKB:P02452), GNEGpSGPPGpAGSPGERGAAGSGGPIGpPG (from UPKB:P13942), mPGFKGpTGYKGEQGEVGKDGEKGDpGpPG (from UPKB:Q14050), GPpGADGQPGAKGEpGDAGAKGDAGPPGpAGPAGPPGpIG (from UPKB:P02452), pGpPGPPGVTGMDGQPGPKGNVGPQGEPGPPGQQGNP (from UPKB:P20908), SGPPGRAGEPGLQGPAGPpGEKGEPGDDGpSGAEGPpGPQG (from UPKB:P02458).","20 endogenous (mainly) collagen chain peptides"
"A0132","UPKB:P45379","High-sensitivity troponin-T (TNNT2)","increased TNNT2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","89575-5","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, hs-TnT identifies patients at high risk for adverse in-hospital events, and trends of hs-TnT over time, particularly during the first day, provide additional prognostic information. [PMID:33003961]",""
"A0133","UPKB:P17931","Galectin-3 (LGALS3)","increased LGALS3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","GAL3 could be a good prognostic marker for severe COVID-19 and that elevated plasma levels of GAL3 can participate in triggering the cytokine storm observed in severe COVID-19 patients. [PMID:32973815]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0133","UPKB:P17931","Galectin-3 (LGALS3)","increased LGALS3 level","prognostic","colon (UN:0001155)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","High expression of tumoral gal-3 was associated with tumor size, poor differentiation and negatively related to low E-cadherin expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumoral gal-3 expression was the only independent predictor of both tumor recurrence and overall survival after resection. [PMID:28085015]",""
"A0133","UPKB:P17931","Galectin-3 (LGALS3)","increased LGALS3 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","Gal-3 is a promising biomarker for detecting prediabetes and diabetes. Sixty-one patients had prediabetes (Group 1), 57 had diabetes (Group 2), and 56 had neither diabetes nor prediabetes (Group 3) Gal-3 levels were higher in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3. [1,053.9 (358.1) and 744.1 (119.3) vs. 481.7 (175.4) pg/mL; P < 0.001. [PMID:25501605]","Increased galectin-3 expression|Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0134","UPKB:P06702","Protein S100A9 (S100A9)","increased S100A9 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Among the most highly increased inflammatory mediators in severe/critically ill patients, S100A9, an alarmin and TLR4 ligand, was found as a noteworthy biomarker, because it inversely correlated with the serum albumin levels. [PMID:32989935]",""
"A0134","UPKB:P06702","Protein S100A9 (S100A9)","increased S100A9 level","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","Serum and mRNA expression levels of S100A8 and S100A9 were found to be upregulated in patients with RCC. The overexpression of S100A8 and S100A9 in cancer cells was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. [PMID:25673070]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well|renal cell carcinoma (DOID:4450)"
"A0134","UPKB:P06702","Protein S100A9 (S100A9)","Increased S100A9 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","S100A9 and Galectin-3 are overexpressed in PCDM tumors and mediate insulin resistance. Galectin-3 and S100A9 distinguish PCDM from type 2 diabetes in subjects with new-onset diabetes. [PMID:31262951]","Increased S100A9 expression|Measured in serum (UN: 0001977) as well."
"A0135","UPKB:P07196","Neurofilament light chain (NEFL)","increased NEFL level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","COVID-19 patients who later developed intensive care unit acquired weakness had significantly higher NfL and GFAp in the early phase of ICU care. [PMID:33875374]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0135","UPKB:P07196","Neurofilament light chain (NEFL)","increased NEFL level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","brain cancer (DOID:1319)","protein","The median NfL level was significantly higher in patients with brain metastases than in patients without (35 versus 16 pg/mL, p = 0.001) and separated patients with an area under the curve of 0.77 (0.66-0.89). An increase in NfL could be measured median 3 months (range: 1-5) before the brain metastasis diagnosis. Further, a high level of NfL at time of brain metastasis diagnosis correlated with an inferior survival (hazard ratio: 2.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.11-3.98)). [PMID:33023150]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well|glioblastoma (DOID:3068)"
"A0136","UPKB:P14136","Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)","increased GFAP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","93424-0","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","COVID-19 patients who later developed intensive care unit acquired weakness had significantly higher NfL and GFAp in the early phase of ICU care. [DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-78038/v2]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0137","CHEBI:28728","Thromboxane B2 (TXB2)","increased TXB2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","3012-2","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","metabolite","Biomarkers of platelet activity and vascular health are significantly associated with the composite outcome of thrombosis or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Increased plasma TxB2 levels indicate the activation of platelets via COX-1. [PMID:32757722]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0137","CHEBI:28728","Thromboxane B2 (TXB2)","increased TXB2 level","prognostic","urine (UN:0001088)","3012-2","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","metabolite","We found increased levels of thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) the major metabolite of TXAS and increased levels of the TP beta receptor. These results raised the possibility that patients with bladder cancer may be followed for progression or remission of their disease by quantitation of these substances in their urine. [PMID:21983220]",""
"A0139","NCIt:C74730","Mean platelet volume (MPV)","increased MPV level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","28542-9","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell","Biomarkers of platelet activity and vascular health are significantly associated with the composite outcome of thrombosis or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. MPV is a biomarker of platelet hyperactivity. [PMID:32757722]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0139","NCIt:C74730","Mean platelet volume (MPV)","decreased MPV","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","28542-9","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","cell","NRL, PLR, and MPV may be useful markers in diagnostic and early recognition of different stages of CRC; additionally combined all together have stronger diagnostic efficacy. [PMID:30800188]",""
"A0140","UPKB:P01031","Complement C5A (C5)","increased C5 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","4505-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","We identified elevated levels of plasma C3a and C5a in HD patients with severe COVID-19 compared with controls. Serial sampling identified that C5a levels were elevated prior to clinical deterioration in patients who developed severe disease. C3a more closely mirrored both clinical and biochemical disease severity. [PMID:33123364]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0140","UPKB:P01031","Complement C5A (C5)","increased C5 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","4505-4","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","protein","Higher C5a concentrations correlated with tumor differentiation and OSCC extension state. [PMID:29423024]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well|oral squamous cell carcinoma (DOID:0050866)"
"A0141","UPKB:P01024","Complement 3A (C3)","increased C3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","We identified elevated levels of plasma C3a and C5a in HD patients with severe COVID-19 compared with controls. Serial sampling identified that C5a levels were elevated prior to clinical deterioration in patients who developed severe disease. C3a more closely mirrored both clinical and biochemical disease severity. [PMID:33123364]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0141","UPKB:P01024","Complement 3A (C3)","increased C3 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","C3a fragment is a potential marker for the early detection of HCV-related HCC. [PMID:20012107]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well|hepatocellular carcinoma (DOID:684)"
"A0142","UPKB:P78423","Fractalkine (CX3CL1)","increased CX3CL1 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Serum levels of fractalkine, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) were elevated in patients with mild disease, dramatically elevated in severe cases, and decreased in the convalescence phase. [PMID:32582936]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0142","UPKB:P78423","Fractalkine (CX3CL1)","increased CX3CL1 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","Fractalkine/CX3CR1 could serve as a diagnostic marker and as a potential target for chemotherapy in early stage pancreatic cancer. [PMID:28845524]",""
"A0143","UPKB:P19320","Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)","increased VCAM-1 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","75627-0","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Serum levels of fractalkine, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) were elevated in patients with mild disease, dramatically elevated in severe cases, and decreased in the convalescence phase. [PMID:32582936]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0143","UPKB:P19320","Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)","increased VCAM-1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","75627-0","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","The current findings demonstrate that VCAM1 promotes tumor progression in CRC. [PMID:24771582]",""
"A0144","UPKB:P05362","Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)","increased ICAM-1 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","17174-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Serum levels of fractalkine, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) were elevated in patients with mild disease, dramatically elevated in severe cases, and decreased in the convalescence phase. [PMID:32582936]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0144","UPKB:P05362","Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)","decreased ICAM-1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","17174-4","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Improved prognosis was associated with … decreased Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) mRNA expression in lung cancer patients. [PMID:32195055]",""
"A0145","UPKB:Q16853","Vascular adhesion protein-1 (AOC3)","increased AOC3 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Serum levels of fractalkine, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) were elevated in patients with mild disease, dramatically elevated in severe cases, and decreased in the convalescence phase. [PMID:32582936]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0145","UPKB:Q16853","Vascular adhesion protein-1 (AOC3)","increased AOC3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","VAP-1 is shown to be a biomarker that can predict invasive potential and clinical outcome in breast cancer. [PMID:30160019]","Increased VAP-1 level."
"A0146","UPKB:P17174|UPKB:P24298","De Ritis ratio (GOT1 to GPT)","increased GOT1 to GPT ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","De Ritis ratio on admission was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. [PMID:33043447]","UPKB:P17174|UPKB:P24298"
"A0147","UPKB:P05231|UPKB:P22301","Dublin-Boston score (IL-6 to IL-10)","increased IL-6 to IL-10 score","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","The Dublin-Boston score uses the change between two IL-6:IL-10 ratio measurements taken 4 days apart to guide clinical decision-making by identifying hospitalized patients at risk of impending poor outcome, and is applicable to patients both in the ICU and on the ward. The score, and the change in IL-6:IL-10 from which it is derived, significantly outperform the predictive capabilities of IL-6 alone. [PMID:33039714]","UPKB:P05231|UPKB:P22301"
"A0148","UPKB:P49908","Selenoprotein P (SELENOP)","decreased SELENOP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","The Se status was significantly higher in samples from surviving COVID patients as compared with non-survivors (Se; 53.3 ± 16.2 vs. 40.8 ± 8.1 µg/L, SELENOP; 3.3 ± 1.3 vs. 2.1 ± 0.9 mg/L), recovering with time in survivors while remaining low or even declining in non-survivors. We conclude that Se status analysis in COVID patients provides diagnostic information patients suffering from COVID-19 display a deficiency in the essential trace element Se in blood, along with low concentrations of the Se transporter SELENOP and low enzymatic activity of the secreted GPx3. [PMID:32708526]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0149","UPKB:Q16552","Interleukin-17A (IL17A)","increased IL17A level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","82334-4","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Levels of VEGF-D, TNF-alpha, SCF, LIF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the critical group than in the severe group (Table 1). [PMID:32576222]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0150","UPKB:Q14116","Interleukin-18 (IL18)","increased IL18 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","33823-6","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Levels of VEGF-D, TNF-alpha, SCF, LIF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the critical group than in the severe group (Table 1). [PMID:32576222]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0151","UPKB:P40933","Interleukin-15 (IL15)","increased IL15 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Levels of VEGF-D, TNF-alpha, SCF, LIF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma were significantly higher in the critical group than in the severe group (Table 1). [PMID:32576222]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0152","UPKB:P00533","Epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation L858R (EGFR)","presence of","diagnostic","lung (UN:0002048)","13659-8","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","gene","EGFR mutation-specific (E746-A750del and L858R) antibodies could be an additional tool distinguishing primary versus metastatic carcinomas in the lung. EGFR mutation-specific antibodies are negative in other tumors that overexpress wild-type EGFR protein. [PMID:23599147]","EDRN biomarker|FDA approved for lung cancer|Alternate LOINC ID:14050-9|Epidermal growth factor receptor [Moles/mass] in tissue|UPKB:P00533"
"A0153","UPKB:P00738","Haptoglobin (HP)","increased HP level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","4542-7","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","HP may be a potential serological biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma diagnostics, especially in male subjects. We found that HP levels were significantly higher and APOA1 levels were significantly lower in lung cancer patients. However, after the participants were stratified by gender, the expression trends of HP and APOA1 in lung cancer patients existed only in men, which is gender specific phenomenon. HP, APOA1 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), used for distinguishing lung adenocarcinoma, had a sensitivity of 64%, 64% and 79%, respectively. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) of HP, APOA1 and CEA were 0.768, 0.761 and 0.884, respectively. When restricted to male subjects, HP, APOA1 and CEA showed sensitivity of 89%, 73% and 100%, respectively. AUC of HP, APOA1 and CEA were 0.929, 0.840 and 0.877, respectively. [PMID:27648369]","Lung adenocarcinoma"
"A0154","UPKB:Q13740","Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM)","increased ALCAM level","prognostic","skin epidermis (UN:0001003)","","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","protein","High ALCAM expression in primary melanoma cells (IRS >/=8) is strongly correlated with unfavorable prognosis as compared with patients with lower ALCAM immunoreactivity in tumor compartment as regards cancer specific overall survival (CSOS) (P = 0.001) and disease free survival (DFS) (P < 0.001). High ALCAM expression in melanoma cells of the primary tumor can be used as a marker of negative outcome and may indicate a more invasive phenotype of cancer cells, which would require a more intensive therapeutic strategy. [PMID:26134500]","Also associated with lymph node metastasis (UN:0000029)|High ALCAM expression"
"A0155","UPKB:Q9HCU9","Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1)","decreased BRMS1 level","prognostic","skin epidermis (UN:0001003)","","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","protein","BRMS1 expression was significantly correlated with disease-specific 5-year survival of melanoma patients (P=0.007, log-rank test). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that BRMS1 staining was an independent prognostic factor for melanoma patients (relative risk=0.51; confidence interval=0.29-0.91; P=0.022). BRMS1 expression was significantly decreased in metastatic melanoma compared with primary melanoma or dysplastic nevi (P=0.021 and 0.001, respectively, chi(2) test). BRMS1 may serve an important prognostic marker and therapeutic target for melanoma patients. [PMID:20935672]","Specimen type also unspecified metastatic tissues|Also associated with several metastases|Breast tissue (UN:0000310)|ovary tissue (UN:0000992)|Decreased BRMS1 expression"
"A0156","UPKB:P43146","Netrin receptor gene promoter methylation (DCC)","presence of","diagnostic","oral cavity (UN:0000167)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","gene","EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. [PMID:21558411]","EDRN biomarker|Colorectal cancer suppressor|Immunoglobulin superfamily DCC subclass member 1|Tumor suppressor protein DCC"
"A0157","UPKB:P24530","Endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB)","decreased EDNRB level","prognostic","breast (UN:0000310)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","EDNRB expression was low in TNBC samples (P<0.01). In conclusion, EDNRB was associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with TNBC, and may be used as a novel prognostic biomarker. [PMID:32934717]",""
"A0157","UPKB:P24530","Endothelin receptor type B gene promoter methylation (EDNRB)","presence of","diagnostic","oral cavity (UN:0000167)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","gene","EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. [PMID:21558411]","EDRN biomarker"
"A0158","UPKB:P43694","Transcription factor GATA-4 (GATA-4)","decreased GATA-4 level","prognostic","breast (UN:0000310)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","GATA4 overexpression decreased viability, invasion, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of MB-231 and BT549 cells, and markedly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that GATA4 is a potential prognostic biomarker and gene therapeutic target for human BrCa. [PMID:30187949]","GATA4 overexpression is implicated in some liver cancer tissue|Low expression of GATA4"
"A0158","UPKB:P43694","Transcription factor GATA-4 (GATA-4)","increased GATA-4 level","prognostic","liver (UN:0002107)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","This GATA4/miR125b/DKK3 axis may be a major regulator of growth, migration, invasion, and survival in hepatoma cells, and is therefore a potential therapeutic target or biomarker for progression in HB patients. GATA4 expression and activity were high in liver tumors in children, but not in adults. [PMID:27788486]","Decreased GATA4 expression is implicated in some breast cancer tissue|Increased expression of GATA4"
"A0158","UPKB:P43694","Transcription factor GATA-4 gene promoter methylation (GATA-4)","presence of","diagnostic","oral cavity (UN:0000167)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","gene","EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. [PMID:21558411]","EDRN biomarker"
"A0159","UPKB:P31269","Homeobox protein Hox-A9 gene (HOXA9)","increased HOXA9 meth-ctDNA level","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","DNA","Detection of HOXA9 meth-ctDNA during treatment with a PARP inhibitor was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Longitudinal monitoring of HOXA9 meth-ctDNA is clinically feasible and is strongly correlated to clinical outcomes (PFS, OS), suggesting that it may serve as a valuable predictive biomarker to inform clinical decision-making in the setting of platinum-resistant BRCA-mutated OC treated with a PARP inhibitor. [PMID:31865042]","Detection of HOXA9 meth-ctDNA"
"A0159","UPKB:P31269","Homeobox HoxA9 gene promoter methylation (HOXA9)","presence of","diagnostic","oral cavity (UN:0000167)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","gene","EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. [PMID:21558411]","EDRN biomarker"
"A0160","UPKB:Q12756","Kinesin-like protein KIF1A gene promoter methylation (KIF1A)","presence of","diagnostic","oral cavity (UN:0000167)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","gene","EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. [PMID:21558411]","EDRN biomarker|Axonal transporter of synaptic vesicles|Microtubule-based motor KIF1A|Unc-104- and KIF1A-related protein|hUnc-104"
"A0161","UPKB:Q14112","Nidogen-2 (NID2)","increased NID2 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","The serum NID2 levels in ESCC patients (median 24.4 ug/L) are significantly higher (p= 4.3e-09) than that of the healthy controls (median 15.85 ug/L). In conclusion, we show that detecting the elevation of serum NID2 levels has potential diagnostic and prognostic value for ESCC patients. [PMID:29278876]","Also High potential prognostic biomarker"
"A0161","UPKB:Q14112","Nidogen-2 gene promoter methylation (NID2)","presence of","diagnostic","oral cavity (UN:0000167)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","gene","EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. [PMID:21558411]","EDRN biomarker"
"A0162","MRB:MI0003142","miRNA-498-5p (MIR-498-5P)","decreased MIR-498-5P level","diagnostic","liver (UN:0002107)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","RNA","The miR-498 expression level was significantly lower in liver cancer patient tissues than that in healthy control tissues. Furthermore, ZEB2 knockdown recapitulated the inhibitory effects of miR-498 overexpression in liver cancer cells. Thus, we demonstrated that miR-498 suppresses the growth and metastasis of liver cancer cells, partly at least, by directly targeting ZEB2, suggesting that miR-498 may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and therapy of liver cancer. [PMID:30592286]","Decreased expression of MIR-98"
"A0163","UPKB:Q9ULD0","Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL)","decreased OGDHL level","prognostic","liver (UN:0002107)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","gene","OGDHL had lower expression in cancerous liver tissues than noncancerous adjacent tissues, and low expression correlated with more advanced patient age, histologic grade, stage, T classification, and poor survival. Survival analysis showed that patients with lower OGDHL levels had shorter overall survival (OS), and subgroup analysis indicated this relationship also held for patients with grade G1/G2, stage I/II, T3, N0, and M0 cancers. In addition, patients with lower OGDHL levels had shorter relapse-free survival, and subgroup analysis indicated this relationship also held for patients with grade G1/G2, stage III/IV, T1, T3, N0, and M1 cancers. Patients with lower OGDHL expression had shorter OS and relapse-free survival. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that low OGDHL expression was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. [PMID:31781311]","Decreased OGDHL expression"
"A0164","UPKB:P07900","Heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90AA1)","increased HSP90AA1 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","Diagnostic performance of plasma Hsp90a was evaluated by the calculated sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). ROC curve showed plasma Hsp90a can discriminating liver cancer with a sensitivity of 92.7% and specificity of 91.3% from non-liver cancer control. [PMID:28939487]",""
"A0165","UPKB:Q02978","Mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein (SLC25A11)","decreased SLC25A11 level","prognostic","liver (UN:0002107)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","gene","Liver cancer patients with low SLC25A11 expression had shorter OS and RFS than patients with high SLC25A11 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of SLC25A11 was an independent predictor of RFS and OS. In conclusion, this study identified that SLC25A11 serves as a new prognostic marker for liver cancer. [PMID:32555317]","Downregulation of SLC25A11"
"A0166","UPKB:P27707","Deoxycytidine kinase (DCK)","increased DCK level","prognostic","liver (UN:0002107)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","gene","The deoxycytidine kinase messenger RNA level significantly upregulated in patients with liver cancer compared to normal liver samples. All the above findings suggested that increased expression of deoxycytidine kinase was significantly related to unfavorable prognosis in patients with liver cancer. Deoxycytidine kinase is correlated with immune infiltrating levels, including those of B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in patients with liver cancer. The survival curves revealed that in patients with liver cancer, the high expression level of DCK (RNA-SeqID:1633) indicated worse prognosis. high expression of DCK resulted in shorter OS (HR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.32-2.72, P value = .00043) and RFS (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.10-2.13, P value = .011). [PMID:32588770]","Upregulation of deoxycytidine kinase"
"A0167","UPKB:P16104","Histone H2AX (H2AX)","increased H2AX level","prognostic","breast (UN:0000310)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Greater tumor size, higher grade, and the number of affected lymph nodes are significantly associated with greater values of gamma-H2AX. Higher values of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor are significantly associated with lower gamma-H2AX values. In conclusion, a positive association between gamma-H2AX expression and infaust histopathological parameters was observed. [PMID:31552812]","Synonym: Gamma-H2AX|Increased gamma-H2AX expression"
"A0168","NCIt:C113243","Circulating tumor-derived DNA (CTDNA)","increased CTDNA level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","DNA","During surveillance after definitive therapy, ctDNA-positive patients were more than 40 times more likely to experience disease recurrence than ctDNA negative patients (HR, 43.5; 95% CI, 9.8-193.5 P < .001). In all multivariate analyses, ctDNA status was independently associated with relapse after adjusting for known clinicopathologic risk factors. Circulating tumor DNA analysis can potentially change the postoperative management of CRC by enabling risk stratification, ACT monitoring, and early relapse detection. [PMID:31070691]","ctDNA-postivity"
"A0169","UPKB:Q12933","Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2)","increased of TRAF2 level","prognostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","We found that TRAF2 was significantly upregulated in prostate cancer compared with normal prostate samples (P<0.001). TRAF2 high expression was associated with poorer recurrence-free survival in prostate cancer patients (P=0.013). TRAF2 was found to be a valuable independent prognostic factor for predicting recurrence-free survival (P=0.026). TRAF2 could be a novel prognostic biomarker for predicting recurrence-free survival in patients with prostate cancer, which might be associated with the effects of TRAF2 in regulating TRAIL-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via c-Flip/Caspase-8 signaling. [PMID:28855498]","Upregulation of TRAF2"
"A0170","","Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA)","increased TPA level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","63441-0","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","The determination of TPA in blood is useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Statistically significant differences were observed in serum TPA levels between normal controls and stage 1, stage 1 and stage 3, and in stage 3 and stage 4, suggesting a gradual increase in TPA levels accompanying the progress of the lung cancer. [PMID:2170727]",""
"A0171","MRB:MI0000290","miRNA-214 (MIR-214)","decreased MIR-214 level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","RNA","Underexpressed extracellular miR-214 in urine was significantly associated with higher tumor stage, higher lymph node status, higher grade, age and history of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Urinary cell-free miR-214 is a hopeful biomarker for tumor stratification, early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of bladder cancer. [PMID:25975233]","Downregulation of MIR-214"
"A0173","UPKB:Q9UN36","N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2)","decreased NDRG2 level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","protein","The relative NDRG2 expression were significantly downregulated both at mRNA and protein levels in urine of patients with bladder cancer and in cell lines, and its low expression was distinctively correlated with tumor grade and stage. NDRG2 was decreased in patients with bladder cancer and might be involved in the progression of this malignancy. Moreover, NDRG2 could be a potential independent diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer. [PMID:28953854]","Downregulation of NDRG2"
"A0174","UPKB:O75636","Ficolin-3 (FCN3)","increased FCN3 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","The serum ficolin-3 level in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) group was significantly higher than in the esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) group (19.59 ± 4.35 ng/mL vs. 18.39 ± 5.42 ng/mL, p < 0.01). Serum ficolin-3 levels were identified as an independent prognostic biomarker for DSS and OS in Chinese patients with EC, especially EAC. [PMID:31373851]",""
"A0175","UPKB:P36222","Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1)","increased CHI3L1 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","Plasma YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than those that were non-metastatic (p = 0.005). This study indicated that YKL-40 may be a biomarker for esophageal cancer and potential biomarker for identification of invasive esophageal cancer. [PMID:32162865]","ID map has LOINC code that is for serum not plasma, so this entry is NA"
"A0175","UPKB:P36222","Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1)","increased CHI3L1 level","prognostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","Here, we investigated the prognostic significance of CHI3L1 expression in thyroid neoplasms and examined the potential oncogenic roles. Compared with normal thyroid tissue and benign thyroid lesions that had low or no detectable CHI3L1 expression, CHI3L1 was overexpressed in both differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancer. [PMID:32613636]","Increased expression of CHI3L1"
"A0176","UPKB:P13674","Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1)","decreased P4HA1 level","prognostic","skin epidermis (UN:0001003)","","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","gene","We studied further the significance of one of the genes, prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1), in melanoma progression. P4HA1 depletion in melanoma cells reduced cell adhesion, invasion, and viability in vitro. Taken together, P4HA1 is an interesting potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in primary melanomas, influencing many aspects of melanoma tumor progression. [PMID:32053263]","Depletion of P4HA1"
"A0177","UPKB:Q99988","Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (GDF15)","increased GDF15 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","Ninety percent of patients with pancreatic cancer had MIC-1 levels >2 SD above age-matched controls. By logistic regression analysis, MIC-1 and CA19-9 were significant independent predictors of diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that MIC-1 was significantly better than CA19-9 in differentiating patients with pancreatic cancer from healthy controls (area under the curve is 0.99 and 0.78, respectively; P = 0.003), but not in distinguishing pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis (area under the curve of 0.81 and 0.74, respectively; P = 0.63). In the differentiation of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer from controls, serum MIC-1 outperforms other markers including CA19-9. [PMID:16428484]","Resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma"
"A0178","UPKB:O60238","BCL2/Adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L)","increased BNIP3L level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","protein","A specific antibody response was raised against an antigen identified as BNIP3L, which correlated with a good prognosis. Medium and high expression of BNIP3L was also linked with longer overall survival. BNIP3L is a candidate prognostic marker of clinical outcome of melanoma patients treated with AGI-101H, and may be considered as a prediction marker for patient survival. [PMID:32620611]","Higher levels of BNIP3L indicate a good prognosis in patients treated by AGI-101H|Increased expression of BNIP3L."
"A0179","UPKB:Q9Y625","Glypican 6 (GPC6)","increased GPC6 level","prognostic","skin epidermis (UN:0001003)","","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","gene","GPC6 expression was up-regulated in a melanoma cell line compared to normal melanocytes and in metastatic melanoma compared to primary melanoma. Together, our findings identified GPC6 as an early biomarker for melanoma metastatic progression, one that can be regulated by miR-509-3p. [PMID:31199813]","Upregulation of GPC6"
"A0181","MRB:MIMAT0000443","miRNA-125a-5p (MIR-125A-5P)","decreased MIR-125A-5P level","prognostic","skin epidermis (UN:0001003)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","RNA","miR-125a-5p downregulation was associated with recurrent disease in a panel of high-risk HNSCC and then confirmed poor survival associated with low expression in HNSCC via the Cancer Genome Atlas, suggesting that miR-125a-5p acts as a tumor suppressor miRNA. results reveal that in patients who developed a local recurrence, there was an associated decreased in miR-125a-5p expression, compared to patients who did not have evidence of disease (P = .0036), out of a total of 77 evaluable patient samples analyzed. patients with low levels of miR-125a-5p is associated with a worse overall survival than patients with high levels of miR-125a-5p (P = .006). [PMID:31325708]","Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (DOID:11934)"
"A0182","UPKB:Q68CQ7","Glycosyltransferase 8 domain containing 1 (GLT8D1)","increased GLT8D1 level","prognostic","skin epidermis (UN:0001003)","","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","gene","The GEO data analysis exhibited that the GLT8D1 mRNA expression was upregulated in the melanoma samples compared with the benign nevus samples. Furthermore, the GLT8D1 protein expression in cutaneous melanoma was higher than that in mucosal melanoma (P = 0.001). The high GLT8D1 protein expression was remarkably correlated with Clark level (P = 0.027), AJCC stage (P = 0.003), ulceration status (P = 0.041) Ki-67 expression (P = 0.030) and especially with histopathological type (P = 0.001). The results of the Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses revealed that cutaneous melanoma patients with high GLT8D1 expression (P = 0.036), Clark level (P = 0.018) and advanced AJCC stage (P = 0.003) encountered poor overall survival. Overall survival (P = 0.040) and progression free survival (P = 0.019) were worse for the patients with high GLT8D1 expression than for the patients with low expression. These data implied that GLT8D1 could be an independent prognostic factor for an unfavorable prognosis in cutaneous malignant melanoma patients and that GLT8D1 overexpression might serve as a novel prognostic biomarker. [PMID:31305325]","Specific specimen type: cutaneous melanoma and mucosal melanoma|Upregulation of GLT8D1 mRNA expression"
"A0183","MRB:MI0006321","miRNA-1231 (MIR-1231)","decreased MIR-1231 level","prognostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","RNA","miR-1231 expression was downregulated in both prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of miR-1231 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, higher TNM stage, higher clinical stage, and shorter overall survival. The expression of miR-1231 was predicted as a prognostic factor for prostate cancer patients. [PMID:31822000]","Downregulation of MIR-1231"
"A0184","UPKB:P46937","Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)","increased YAP1 level","prognostic","pancreas (UN:0001264)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","Mass spectrometry based proteomics showed that YAP1 is the top upregulated protein in pancreatic cancer tissue when compared to normal controls (log2 fold change 6.4; p = 5E-06). Prognostic analysis of YAP1 demonstrated a significant correlation between mRNA expression level data and reduced overall survival (p = 0.001). In addition, TMA and immunohistochemistry analysis suggested that YAP1 protein expression is an independent predictor of poor overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 1.870, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.224-2.855, p = 0.004], as well as reduced disease-free survival (HR 1.950, 95% CI 1.299-2.927, p = 0.001). Bioinformatic analyses coupled with in vitro assays indicated that YAP1 is involved in the transcriptional control of target genes, associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, which could be modified by selected substances disrupting the YAP1-TEAD interaction. We demonstrate that YAP1 is an independent prognostic marker associated with recurrence and unfavorable survival in pancreatic cancer. We also show that inhibition of YAP1/TEAD interaction interferes with the expression of AREG, CTGF, CYR61, and MSLN suggesting that YAP1 transcriptional activity may affect the development and persistence of a fibrotic tumor microenvironment. YAP1 is thus considered as a clinically and biologically relevant biomarker derived from pancreatic cancer tissue. [PMID:32054505]","Alternative assessed biomarker entity : Transcriptional coactivator YAP1|High expression of YAP1"
"A0185","UPKB:Q8IZT6","Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein (ASPM)","increased ASPM level","prognostic","urinary bladder (UN:0001255)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","gene","The upregulation of ASPM expression and the downregulation of TEF expression were observed in bladder cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and these levels were correlated with high-grade tumors, advanced stage disease and the presence of metastasis. Both genes had the ability to predict metastatic association with sensitivity (84.62%) and specificity (68.42%; *P < 0.001) for the ASPM gene and for the TEF gene with sensitivity (80.77%) and specificity (78.95%; *P < 0.001). Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that elevated ASPM expression levels and reduced TEF expression levels significantly correlated with decreased overall survival and progression-free survival. The current analysis concludes that ASPM and TEF expressions might be used as potential biomarkers in bladder cancer patients. [PMID:32274607]","ASPM biomarker|Upregulation of ASPM expression"
"A0186","UPKB:Q10587","Thyrotroph embryonic factor (TEF)","decreased TEF level","prognostic","urinary bladder (UN:0001255)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","gene","The upregulation of ASPM expression and the downregulation of TEF expression were observed in bladder cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and these levels were correlated with high-grade tumors, advanced stage disease and the presence of metastasis. Both genes had the ability to predict metastatic association with sensitivity (84.62%) and specificity (68.42%; *P < 0.001) for the ASPM gene and for the TEF gene with sensitivity (80.77%) and specificity (78.95%; *P < 0.001). Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that elevated ASPM expression levels and reduced TEF expression levels significantly correlated with decreased overall survival and progression-free survival. The current analysis concludes that ASPM and TEF expressions might be used as potential biomarkers in bladder cancer patients. [PMID:32274607]","TEF biomarker|Downregulation of TEF expression"
"A0187","NCIt:C37449","Survivin (SVV)","increased SVV level","monitoring","urine (UN:0001088)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","protein","The sensitivity of the urine survivin test for new or recurrent bladder cancer was 100%, and its specificity for other neoplastic and nonneoplastic genitourinary tract diseases was 95%. Undetectable in most normal adult tissues, survivin becomes the top fourth transcript expressed in common human cancers, in which it correlates with unfavorable disease and abbreviated overall survival. [ PMID:11176843]","EDRN biomarker|Also a diagnostic biomarker|Overexpression of Survivin"
"A0190","","G protein-coupled receptor 137 (GPCR137)","increased GPCR137 level","prognostic","urinary bladder (UN:0001255)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","protein","The expression of GPR137 mRNA and protein in pathological tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (P < .001). Moreover, similar result was found for bladder cancer patients and healthy controls (P < .001). And GPR137 expression was associated with tumor size (P = .006)  and TNM stage (P = .012). The results of Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that patients with high expression of GPR137 had shorter overall survival time than those with low expression (Log rank test, P = .001). Cox regression analysis indicated that GPR137 could act as an independent biomarker for bladder cancer prognosis (HR = 1.850, 95% CI = 1.272-2.689, P = .001). [PMID:31464892]","GPR137 is also associated with several other cancers of epithelial cells|Increased expression of G protein-coupled receptor 137"
"A0191","UPKB:P01009","Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT)","increased A1AT level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","protein","Increased levels of urinary A1AT glycoprotein were indicative of the presence of bladder cancer (P < 0.0001) and augmented voided urine cytology results. Application of glycoprotein enrichment provided novel candidates for further investigation as biomarkers for the noninvasive detection of bladder cancer. [PMID:21459797]",""
"A0192","UPKB:P10451","Osteopontin (OPN)","increased OPN level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","Serum OPN levels, as measured by ELISA, were elevated in the sera of 50 patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared to 22 healthy control individuals (mean +/- SD for OPN was 482 +/- 170 ng/ml and 204 +/- 65 ng/ml, respectively; P < 0.001). Serum OPN may have utility as a diagnostic marker in patients with pancreatic cancer. [PMID:15006928]",""
"A0192","UPKB:P10451","Osteopontin (OPN)","increased OPN level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Osteopontin levels in plasma were significantly higher (P<.001) in 51 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (486.5 ng/mL) compared with those of 107 healthy controls (147.1 ng/mL), 46 patients with benign ovarian disease (254.4 ng/mL), and 47 patients with other gynecologic cancers (260.9 ng/mL). [PMID:11926891]","EDRN biomarker"
"A0193","UPKB:P41273","Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 9 (TNFSF9)","increased TNFSF9 level","prognostic","pancreas (UN:0001264)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","gene","TNFSF9 mRNA expression level was remarkably increased in pancreatic cancer than that in normal tissues (both P < 0.05). In addition, high TNFSF9 expression was significantly related to poor overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in pancreatic cancer (OS HR = 2.02, P = 0.0012; RFS HR = 2.63, P = 0.022). These findings indicate that TNFSF9 can be serves as a prognostic biomarker in determining the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and is associated with different types of phenotypes of immune cell infiltration. [PMID:32077004]","Higher TNFSF9 expression"
"A0194","UPKB:Q6PIU2","Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH1)","increased NCEH1 level","prognostic","pancreas (UN:0001264)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","gene","Elevated ether lipid metabolism is one of the characteristics of cancer cells. NCEH1 is involved in ether lipid metabolism and is robustly expressed in macrophages. We also found that the expression level of NCEH1 in patients with pancreatic cancer is related to the N classification (P = 0.039), indicating that patients with local lymph node involvement express higher levels of NCEH1. From the differential analysis, the expression level of NCEH1 in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in healthy tissues (P = 1.732 e-50) Wilcoxon test indicated that the expression level of NCEH1 is related to the N classification in patients with pancreatic cancer (P = 0.039). Further, NCEH1 expression was higher in patients with regional lymph node involvement than in the control group. [PMID:33284889]","High NCEH1 expression"
"A0195","","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M complex (SCCA-IGM)","increased SCCA-IGM level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","Median SCCA-IgM values were significantly higher in BE and EAC than in controls (P=0.0001). Patients with SCCA-IgM levels above the cutoff had a 33 times higher relative risk of harboring BE or EAC (P=0.0001). Serum SCCA-IgM determination allows the identification of patients at risk for BE/EAC and the stratification of BE patients in subgroups with different cancer risk. [PMID:28422774]",""
"A0195","","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M complex (SCCA-IGM)","increased SCCA-IGM level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","In the current study, we have demonstrated that SCCA variants, which are overexpressed remarkably in liver tumor tissues, are detectable in serum from patients with HCC coupled to IgMs to form circulating Ics. [PMID:15887222]","SCCA-IgM ICs|Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0196","","Growth arrest-specific 5 long non-coding RNA (GAS5 lnRNA)","decreased GAS5 lncRNA level","prognostic","urinary bladder (UN:0001255)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","RNA","The expression analysis revealed that GAS5 levels are significantly downregulated (p = 0.001) in bladder tumours compared to the matched adjacent normal specimens in 67.4% of the screened patients. This finding was confirmed in NMIBC patients, where decreased GAS5 expression in tumours compared to their matched normal counterparts was detected in approximately 69.5% of the enrolled TaT1 patients. Prediction models incorporating GAS5 loss resulted in superior stratification specificity and improved positive prediction of NMIBC patients' poor survival outcome following tumour resection, offering a significantly higher clinical benefit for patients' prognosis and monitoring compared to models of the established and clinically used prognostic markers alone. [PMID:30374124]","GAS5 lncRNA is a biomarker for both prognostic and monitoring in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer|Downregulated GAS5 lncRNA levels"
"A0197","UPKB:O00231","26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 (PSMD11)","increased PSMD11 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","This exploratory study, using SWATH-MS analysis, identified potential prognostic biomarkers for PDAC in plasma (PTPRM and PTPRB) and plasma derived microparticles (PSMD11). Protein tyrosine phosphatases, PTPRM and PTPRB, were decreased in plasma of patients with poor PDAC prognosis, while proteasomal subunit PSMD11 was increased in microparticles of patients with poor prognosis. [PMID:32663515]","PSMD11 biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma|Increased PSMD11 in microparticles"
"A0198","UPKB:P28827","Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu (PTPRM)","decreased PTPRM level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","This exploratory study, using SWATH-MS analysis, identified potential prognostic biomarkers for PDAC in plasma (PTPRM and PTPRB) and plasma derived microparticles (PSMD11). Protein tyrosine phosphatases, PTPRM and PTPRB, were decreased in plasma of patients with poor PDAC prognosis, while proteasomal subunit PSMD11 was increased in microparticles of patients with poor prognosis. [PMID:32663515]","PTPRM biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"
"A0199","UPKB:P23467","Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta (PTPRB)","decreased PTPRB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","This exploratory study, using SWATH-MS analysis, identified potential prognostic biomarkers for PDAC in plasma (PTPRM and PTPRB) and plasma derived microparticles (PSMD11). Protein tyrosine phosphatases, PTPRM and PTPRB, were decreased in plasma of patients with poor PDAC prognosis, while proteasomal subunit PSMD11 was increased in microparticles of patients with poor prognosis. [PMID:32663515]","PTPRB biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma"
"A0200","HSA-CIRC-0000285","hsa_circ_0000285 RNA (CRNA285)","decreased CRNA285 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","RNA","hsa_circ_0000285 expression was lower in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer patients than in those who were cisplatin-sensitive. Here, hsa_circ_0000285 was associated with tumor size (p<0.001), differentiation (p<0.001), lymph node metastasis (p=0.038), distant metastasis (p=0.004) and TNM stage (p=0.013). Further analysis showed that hsa_circ_0000285 would be an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer patient outcome. In conclusion, our study indicates hsa_circ_0000285 may be a novel biomarker for bladder cancer because of its involvement in bladder cancer chemo sensitivity. In conclusion, we established that hsa_circ_0000285 is significantly down-regulated in bladder cancer tissues and plasma and this provides sufficient evidence for hsa_ circ_0000285 trial as a novel biomarker for bladder cancer, and especially for its role in chemo-sensitivity. [PMID:30509102]","Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000285 biomarker in bladder cancer tissue and plasma|Downregulation of hsa_circ_0000285"
"A0201","UPKB:P04818","Thymidylate synthase (TYMS)","increased TYMS level","prognostic","pancreas (UN:0001264)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","gene","Upregulation of TYMS was associated with poor RFS in patients with pancreatic cancer (P = .021). Subgroup analysis revealed that TYMS upregulation was associated with poor RFS in clinical stage I/II (P = .0038). Higher TYMS expression was associated with worse OS (P = .014) (Fig. 3). Subgroup analysis further indicated that high TYMS expression significantly affected the OS of patients in histologic grades G1/G2 (P = .025) and clinical stages I/II (P = .023). patients with pancreatic cancer, higher TYMS expression is associated with advanced clinical stages and undesirable prognosis, and that TYMS could be used as a biomarker for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in patients with pancreatic cancer. [PMID:31861032]","Upregulation of thymidylate synthase"
"A0202","UPKB:Q969X2","Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 6 (ST6GALNAC6)","increased ST6GALNAC6 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","gene","In patients with pancreatic cancer, 8.4% of subjects were Lewis (-), but only 41.9% of Lewis (-) subjects had CA19-9 values </= 2 U/mL. CA19-9 was even elevated (>37 U/mL) in 27.4% of Lewis (-) patients. CA19-9 can retain its utility as a biomarker in these patients in spite of Lewis (-) genotype. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for CA19-9 as a diagnostic biomarker was 0.842 in Lewis (-) patients with pancreatic cancer. [PMID:30131287]",""
"A0203","","S-pancreas antigen-1 (SPAN-1)","increased SPAN-1 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","protein","The antigenic determinant SPan-1, recognized by monoclonal antibodies, is elevated in sera of patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer. SPan-1 may be considered as an additional useful and reliable serum marker for the detection of this neoplasm, but it does not significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy obtained with CA 19.9. [PMID:11605732]",""
"A0204","UPKB:P52566","Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor protein (ARHGDIB)","increased ARHGDIB level","prognostic","breast (UN:0000310)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","We observed the expression of ARHGDIB is significantly higher in human breast cancer tissues compared with the benign tissues. ARHGDIB expression was positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in breast cancer patients. Hence, our results suggested the significance and predictive role of ARHGDIB in breast cancer. High expression of ARHGDIB indicated the poor prognosis for breast cancer patients. [PMID:32176626]","ARHGDIB is also associated with lymph node metastisis|The MMP2 gene is an important downstream effector of ARHGDIB|Increased expression of ARHGDIB"
"A0205","UPKB:P17405","Acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1)","decreased SMPD1 level","diagnostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","The levels of ASM were reducing with the development of ovarian cancer. ASM is higher expressed in normal cell than that in ovarian cancer, and can be a negative biomarker for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. ASM can be developed a new drug for the ovarian cancer therapy. [PMID:26125272]","This biomarker is considered a negative biomarker"
"A0206","UPKB:Q16236","Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2)","increased NFE2L2 level","prognostic","colon (UN:0001155)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","gene","High NRF2 was associated with worse disease free survival (DFS) and/or overall survival (OS) in all datasets. NRF2 is shown to be a consistent, robust prognostic biomarker across all stages of colorectal cancer with additional clinical value to current known prognostic biomarkers. [PMID:32871287]","High NRF2 signature"
"A0207","UPKB:P19012","Keratin-15 (KRT15)","increased KRT15 level","prognostic","colon (UN:0001155)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","gene","QRT-PCR results revealed that the mRNA levels of KRT15 in colorectal cancer tissues were significantly higher compared with those in normal tissues (p<0.0001). The rates of KRT15 high-expression in colorectal cancer and normal tissues were 57.1% and 8.9%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). KRT15 high-expression correlated with differentiation, T stage, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in colorectal cancer (p<0.05). KRT15 overexpression predicted poor prognosis and could be used as an independent prognostic factor. These data indicate KRT15 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and may serve as a prognostic biomarker. [PMID:31884802]","Increased expression of Keratin-15"
"A0208","MRB:MIMAT0000428","miRNA-135a-5p (MIR-135A-5P)","increased MIR-135A-5P level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","RNA","Serum miR-135a-5p expression in colorectal cancer patients was higher than that in patients with colorectal polyps and healthy controls, suggesting that serum miR-135a-5p may prove to be an important biomarker for auxiliary diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The relative expression level of serum miR-135a-5p in colorectal cancer patients, colorectal polyps patients and healthy controls was 2.451 (1.107, 4.413), 0.946 (0.401, 1.942) and 0.949 (0.194, 1.415), respectively, indicating that it was significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than that in the other two groups (U = 351.0, 313.0, both P < 0.001). Additionally, it was significantly correlated with different degrees of tumour differentiation (U = 215.0, P = 0.029) and different tumour stages (U = 202.0, P = 0.013). [PMID:27126269]","Increased expression of MIR-135A-5P"
"A0209","UPKB:P59052","Putative uncharacterized protein B3GALT5-AS1 (B3GALT5-AS1)","decreased B3GALT5-AS1 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","The level of B3GALT5-AS1 in CRC patients was significantly lower than that of healthy patients (p < 0.0001). B3GALT5-AS1 may be served as a diagnostic marker for distinguishing CRC patients from healthy people. Further exploration validated that high serum B3GALT5-AS1 level was related to tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.008) and histological differentiation (p = 0.027). Compared with the healthy control group, AUCROC of serum B3GALT5-AS1 in the CRC group was 0.762 with 95% CI: 0.698-0.826 (p < 0.0001). [PMID:32207329]",""
"A0210","UPKB:P02741|UPKB:P02768","C-reactive protein to Albumin ratio (CAR)","measured CRP, ALB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","Patients with CAR (C-reactive protein/albumin ratios) were predictors for overall survival (OS). Different analysis showed that patients with postoperative complications, preoperative NLR, and postoperative CAR, were more subject to recurrence-free survival (RFS). It showed that patients who did not receive chemotherapy with CAR >/= 0.035 had a shorter RFS and OS than those who did receive chemo. The postoperative CAR is strongly associated with a poor prognosis in patients with stage III colorectal cancer. It is more readily available than other proposed prognostic scores based on inflammation markers. [PMID:32279124]",""
"A0211","MRB:MI0000267","miRNA-10b (MIR-10B)","increased MIR-10B level","diagnostic","saliva (UN:0001836)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","RNA","miR-10b*, miR-144, miR-21, and miR-451 in saliva supernatant were significantly upregulated in patients, with sensitivities of 89.7, 92.3, 84.6, 79.5, 43.6, 89.7, and 51.3% and specificities of 57.9, 47.4, 57.9%, 57.9, 89.5, 47.4, and 84.2%, respectively. We found distinctive miRNAs for esophageal cancer in both whole saliva and saliva supernatant. These miRNAs possess discriminatory power for detection of esophageal cancer. Because saliva collection is noninvasive and convenient, salivary miRNAs show great promise as biomarkers for detection of esophageal cancer in areas at high risk. [PMID:23560033]","HGNC ID used for microRNA gene identification|Upregulated MIR-10B* level"
"A0212","MRB:MI0000460","miRNA-144 (MIR-144)","increased MIR-144 level","diagnostic","saliva (UN:0001836)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","RNA","miR-10b*, miR-144, miR-21, and miR-451 in saliva supernatant were significantly upregulated in patients, with sensitivities of 89.7, 92.3, 84.6, 79.5, 43.6, 89.7, and 51.3% and specificities of 57.9, 47.4, 57.9%, 57.9, 89.5, 47.4, and 84.2%, respectively. We found distinctive miRNAs for esophageal cancer in both whole saliva and saliva supernatant. These miRNAs possess discriminatory power for detection of esophageal cancer. Because saliva collection is noninvasive and convenient, salivary miRNAs show great promise as biomarkers for detection of esophageal cancer in areas at high risk. [PMID:23560033]","HGNC ID used for microRNA gene identification|Upregulated MIR-144 level"
"A0213","MRB:MI0001729","miRNA-451 (MIR-451)","increased MIR-451 level","diagnostic","saliva (UN:0001836)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","RNA","miR-10b*, miR-144, miR-21, and miR-451 in saliva supernatant were significantly upregulated in patients, with sensitivities of 89.7, 92.3, 84.6, 79.5, 43.6, 89.7, and 51.3% and specificities of 57.9, 47.4, 57.9%, 57.9, 89.5, 47.4, and 84.2%, respectively. We found distinctive miRNAs for esophageal cancer in both whole saliva and saliva supernatant. These miRNAs possess discriminatory power for detection of esophageal cancer. Because saliva collection is noninvasive and convenient, salivary miRNAs show great promise as biomarkers for detection of esophageal cancer in areas at high risk. [PMID:23560033]","HGNC ID used for microRNA gene identification|Upregulated MIR-451 level"
"A0214","MRB:MI0000077","miRNA-21 (MIR-21)","increased MIR-21 level","diagnostic","saliva (UN:0001836)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","RNA","miR-10b*, miR-144, miR-21, and miR-451 in saliva supernatant were significantly upregulated in patients, with sensitivities of 89.7, 92.3, 84.6, 79.5, 43.6, 89.7, and 51.3% and specificities of 57.9, 47.4, 57.9%, 57.9, 89.5, 47.4, and 84.2%, respectively. We found distinctive miRNAs for esophageal cancer in both whole saliva and saliva supernatant. These miRNAs possess discriminatory power for detection of esophageal cancer. Because saliva collection is noninvasive and convenient, salivary miRNAs show great promise as biomarkers for detection of esophageal cancer in areas at high risk. [PMID:23560033]","HGNC ID used for microRNA gene identification|Upregulated MIR-21 level"
"A0214","MRB:MI0000077","miRNA-21 (MIR-21)","increased MIR-21 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","RNA","Expression of circulating miR-21 was significantly elevated in breast cancer patients compared to healthy women (median miR-21 expression levels were 7.67±2.2 and 1.28±0.16, respectively; p<0.0001) Patients with upregulation of circulating miR-21 were associated with poor progression-free survival (median survival 72 vs 86 weeks, respectively; log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, p=0.049). MiR-21 expression was upregulated in breast cancer patients and might serve as a therapeutic monitoring marker. [PMID:31030498]","Elevated expression of MiR-21"
"A0214","MRB:MI0000077","miRNA-21 (MIR-21)","increased MIR-21 level","prognostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","RNA","At enrollment, high miR-21 levels were associated with high calcitonin levels (P = .0003), lymph node metastases (P = .001), and advanced stages (P = .0003). At the end of follow-up, high miR-21 levels were associated with biochemically persistent disease (P = .0076). This study showed, in MTCs, that miR-21 regulates PDCD4 expression and also that the miR-21/PDCD4 pathway correlates with clinicopathological variables and prognosis. [PMID:25316501]",""
"A0219","CHEBI:17927","N1-acetylspermidine (NAS)","increased NAS level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","metabolite","Serum samples from 30 breast cancer patients and 30 healthy female controls were tested using the procedure described in the notes section. Breast cancer patients have higher levels of N-acetylspermidine in their blood. The serum polyamines can be a helpful method in assessing the polyamine status of breast cancer patients, as well as a strong index for studying both polyamine synthesis and metabolism. The method was used for monitoring the polyamine concentration range in urine and serum samples obtained in 30 breast cancer patients and 30 age- and gender-matched normal controls. There was no significant difference between the urine of breast cancer patients and the controls in urinary polyamine levels. In contrast, the concentrations of 1,3-Dap, Put, Sp, and N-actSpd levels in serum were significantly increased in breast cancer patients. [PMID:17668437]","The researchers used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure polyamines in urine and serum, which were collected with diethyl ether at pH 9.0 with single reaction monitoring mode. The quantification cap was 1 ng/mL based on a signal-to-noise ratio of >3, and the calibration curves' correlation coefficient (r2) was >0.99 for all urine and serum samples."
"A0220","CHEBI:15725","1,3-Diaminopropane (DAP)","increased DAP level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","metabolite","Serum samples from 30 breast cancer patients and 30 healthy female controls were tested using the procedure described in the notes section. Breast cancer patients have higher levels of N-acetylspermidine in their blood. The serum polyamines can be a helpful method in assessing the polyamine status of breast cancer patients, as well as a strong index for studying both polyamine synthesis and metabolism. The method was used for monitoring the polyamine concentration range in urine and serum samples obtained in 30 breast cancer patients and 30 age- and gender-matched normal controls. There was no significant difference between the urine of breast cancer patients and the controls in urinary polyamine levels. In contrast, the concentrations of 1,3-Dap, Put, Sp, and N-actSpd levels in serum were significantly increased in breast cancer patients. [PMID:17668437]","The researchers used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure polyamines in urine and serum, which were collected with diethyl ether at pH 9.0 with single reaction monitoring mode. The quantification cap was 1 ng/mL based on a signal-to-noise ratio of >3, and the calibration curves' correlation coefficient (r2) was >0.99 for all urine and serum samples."
"A0221","CHEBI:17148","Putrescine (PUT)","increased PUT level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","metabolite","Serum samples from 30 breast cancer patients and 30 healthy female controls were tested using the procedure described in the notes section. Breast cancer patients have higher levels of N-acetylspermidine in their blood. The serum polyamines can be a helpful method in assessing the polyamine status of breast cancer patients, as well as a strong index for studying both polyamine synthesis and metabolism. The method was used for monitoring the polyamine concentration range in urine and serum samples obtained in 30 breast cancer patients and 30 age- and gender-matched normal controls. There was no significant difference between the urine of breast cancer patients and the controls in urinary polyamine levels. In contrast, the concentrations of 1,3-Dap, Put, Sp, and N-actSpd levels in serum were significantly increased in breast cancer patients. [PMID:17668437]","The researchers used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure polyamines in urine and serum, which were collected with diethyl ether at pH 9.0 with single reaction monitoring mode. The quantification cap was 1 ng/mL based on a signal-to-noise ratio of >3, and the calibration curves' correlation coefficient (r2) was >0.99 for all urine and serum samples."
"A0222","CHEBI:15746","Spermine (SPE)","increased SPE level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","metabolite","Serum samples from 30 breast cancer patients and 30 healthy female controls were tested using the procedure described in the notes section. Breast cancer patients have higher levels of N-acetylspermidine in their blood. The serum polyamines can be a helpful method in assessing the polyamine status of breast cancer patients, as well as a strong index for studying both polyamine synthesis and metabolism. The method was used for monitoring the polyamine concentration range in urine and serum samples obtained in 30 breast cancer patients and 30 age- and gender-matched normal controls. There was no significant difference between the urine of breast cancer patients and the controls in urinary polyamine levels. In contrast, the concentrations of 1,3-Dap, Put, Sp, and N-actSpd levels in serum were significantly increased in breast cancer patients. [PMID:17668437]","The researchers used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure polyamines in urine and serum, which were collected with diethyl ether at pH 9.0 with single reaction monitoring mode. The quantification cap was 1 ng/mL based on a signal-to-noise ratio of >3, and the calibration curves' correlation coefficient (r2) was >0.99 for all urine and serum samples."
"A0224","UPKB:Q8NBJ4","Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1)","increased GOLM1 level","predictive","urine (UN:0001088)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","Our data indicating the up-regulation of GOLM1 expression and its appearance in patients' urine suggest GOLM1 as a potential novel biomarker for clinically localized prostate cancer. our group has shown that increased GOLM1 transcript in urine, along with SPINK1 and PCA3 transcript expression, and TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status were able to predict prostate cancer outcome. [PMID:18953438]",""
"A0226","UPKB:P02771","Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)","increased AFP level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","Levels of DCP, AFP and AFP L-3 were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in those without HCC. High levels of AFP correlated with diffuse type of HCC. [PMID:18422961] DCP was significantly better than total AFP and AFP-L3 in differentiating HCC from cirrhosis, with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 93%. All 3 markers had a lower area under the ROC curve and lower sensitivity in the group with high versus that with low risk for HCC. DCP has the best performance characteristics of all 3 serum markers for the diagnosis of HCC. Performance of all 3 biomarkers is lower in patients with high risk for HCC. each marker had higher levels in patients with HCC compared to cirrhotic controls. [PMID:17522429] AFP was more sensitive than DCP and AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of early and very early stage HCC. [PMID:19362088] DCP was more sensitive and specific than AFP for differentiating HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease. Four groups were studied: G1, normal healthy subjects; G2, patients with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis; G3, patients with compensated cirrhosis; and G4, patients with histologically proven HCC. AFP levels increased progressively from G1 to G4. [PMID:12717392] This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of simultaneous measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis caused by hepatitis B virus infection. Subjects were 1,153 individuals had serum levels of AFP that were measured and clinicopathological features were determined for all subjects. Results showed that the levels of AFP were significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma group (550 patients, 74.18% with HBV infection) than that in other four groups (P < 0.001). Receiver operating curves (ROC) indicated the optimal cut-off value was 21 ng/mL for AFP with a sensitivity of 68.00% and specificity of 93.20%. The area under ROC curve was 0.832 for AFP. [PMID:25382443]","EDRN biomarker|Simultaneous measurement of AFP and DCP could achieve a better sensitivity in diagnosing Chinese HCC patients, even for small tumors."
"A0227","UPKB:Q9NS00","Glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1)","increased C1GALT1 level","prognostic","squamous epithelium (UN:0006914)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","protein","C1GALT1 expression is upregulated in HNSCC tumors and is associated with adverse clinicopathologic features. Moreover, high C1GALT1 expression predicts poor disease-free and overall survivals. For Kaplan-Meier analysis, we further classified C1GALT1 scores 0-1 and scores 2-3 as low and high expression, respectively. Results showed that high C1GALT1 expression was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival. [PMID:29930379]","Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)|Upregulated C1GALT1 expression"
"A0228","UPKB:P02750","Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRAG1)","increased LRAG1 level","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","Among them, the serum levels of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) were significantly different (p < 0.01) and well discriminated (area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve >0.8) between responder and non-responder groups. The present results suggest that LRG1 and its combination with CRP and sIL-6R are promising biomarker candidates to predict response to PCRT in esophageal cancer patients. [PMID:31582665]",""
"A0229","","UCA1 long non-coding RNA (UCA1 lnRNA)","decreased UCA1 lnRNA level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","RNA","The results revealed that the expression of UCA1 was decreased in esophageal cancer tissues and plasma exosomes. UCA1 was enriched in exosomes, and exosomal UCA1 was a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer with 86.7% sensitivity and 70.2% specificity. Overexpression of UCA1 played anticancer roles in esophageal cancer cells through inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and colony formation. The results suggested that exosomal UCA1 inhibits tumorigenesis and progression of esophageal cancer in vitro and in vivo, and might be a promising biomarker for esophageal cancer. [PMID:33122449]",""
"A0230","UPKB:O95235","Kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A)","increased KIF20A level","prognostic","breast (UN:0000310)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Moreover, KIF20A expression was significantly associated with the poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. A multivariate analysis indicated that KIF20A expression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. [PMID:32467984]","Increased expression of Kinesin family member 20A"
"A0231","UPKB:Q9Y5K2","Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4)","increased KLK4 level","diagnostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","Distinct KLK4 immunostaining was observed with both antibodies in cancerous glandular epithelial cells, but not in surrounding stromal cells. KLK4 expression was lower in stage pT3q4 than in pT1q2 tumors, which was highly significant when employing pAb 617A. Thus, the results indicate that KLK4, which is expressed in the healthy prostate, is upregulated in early-stage but not late-stage prostate cancer. [PMID:20180634]","Upregulated KLK4"
"A0232","UPKB:P12830","E-cadherin (CDH1)","increased CDH1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","29540-2","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","There is a significant difference in the expression level of the 80 kDa fragment in the serum of healthy individuals vs patients with BPH and between BPH vs Loc PCA and Met PCA (P<0.001). Highest expression levels are observed in advanced metastatic disease. High expression at the time of diagnosis is associated with a significantly increased risk of biochemical failure. [PMID:15870707]",""
"A0232","UPKB:P12830","E-cadherin (CDH1)","increased CDH1 level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","21652-3","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","CDH1 somatic alterations were found in approximately 30% of all patients with GC. CDH1 somatic alterations exist in all clinical settings and histotypes of GC and associate with different survival rates. Their screening at GC diagnosis may predict patient prognosis and is likely to improve management of patients with this disease. [PMID:23341533]","EDRN biomarker|Overexpression of CDH1"
"A0233","CHEBI:76792","5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5HMC)","decreased 5HMC level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","metabolite","When the measured levels of 5hmC2 in white blood cells were lower the patients showed significantly different distributions of prostate cancer conditions. Patients with low and elevated 5hmC content showed significantly different distributions across different prostate conditions. The distribution of these patients in prostate cancer was similar to that observed in healthy subjects, while for atypical small acinar proliferation, most patients had increased 5hmC levels. This 5hmC-based biomarker had a lower performance in the detection of prostate cancer in comparison with blood levels of prostate-specific antigen when using a cut-off point of 2.5 nanograms per milliliter. Above this threshold value, however, this biomarker allowed us to distinguish almost three-quarters of patients with prostate cancer from controls. [PMID:29156615]",""
"A0234","UPKB:O00244","Copper chaperone ATOX1 (ATOX1)","increased ATOX1 level","prognostic","breast (UN:0000310)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","gene","Since most cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis, we hypothesized that ATOX1 mRNA expression may be associated with breast cancer disease progression and thus, a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Our results indicate ATOX1 expression levels as a potential prognostic biomarker for ER-positive subtypes and early stages of breast cancer. [PMID:31898157]","ATOX1 is involved breast cancer cell migration and therefore metasis|May be a factor in disease progression|Increased ATOX1 expression"
"A0235","","Hepatocellular carcinoma up-regulated long non-coding RNA (HULC)","increased HULC level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","RNA","Long noncoding RNA HULC was identified as an inducer of the EMT and was aberrantly expressed in PDAC in vitro and in vivo. HULC is enriched within EVs released by tumor cells after incubation with TGFbeta and can modulate cellular signaling and tumor invasion and migration in recipient cells. We evaluated the role of EV lncRNA-miRNA signaling in tumor invasion and migration in PDAC cells, and identified EV-encapsulated lncRNA as a biomarker for PDAC (Figure 8). These findings provide mechanistic insights into cancer cell invasion and metastasis, identify novel therapeutic targets for cancer, and suggest the potential of EV HULC for early diagnosis of PDAC. [PMID:31715081]","Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma studied in extracellular vesicles (EVs) pancreatic cancer|Upregulation of HULC"
"A0236","MRB:MI0003137","miRNA-193b (MIR-193B)","decreased MIR-193B level","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","RNA","Reduction of miR-193b was found in ovarian cancer and its lower expression was associated with poorer prognosis. Tissue miR-193b showed potential as novel biomarker for ovarian cancer. The results showed that the miR-193b expression was significantly down-regulated in ovarian cancer cell lines and tumor tissues compared with normal controls. [PMID:26675282]","Lower expression of MIR-193B"
"A0237","NCIt:C96564","Lectin-bound alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3)","increased AFP-L3 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","DCP was significantly better than total AFP and AFP-L3 in differentiating HCC from cirrhosis, with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 93%. All 3 markers had a lower area under the ROC curve and lower sensitivity in the group with high versus that with low risk for HCC. DCP has the best performance characteristics of all 3 serum markers for the diagnosis of HCC. Performance of all 3 biomarkers is lower in patients with high risk for HCC. Each marker had higher levels in patients with HCC compared to cirrhotic controls. [PMID:17522429] AFP was more sensitive than DCP and AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of early and very early stage HCC. [PMID:19362088] AFP mRNA has been shown to correlate with the metastasis and recurrence of HCC, and it may be the most useful marker to prefigure the prognosis. [PMID:16534867] Levels of DCP, AFP and AFP L-3 were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in those without HCC. [PMID:18422961] DCP was more sensitive and specific than AFP for differentiating HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease. [PMID:12717392]","EDRN biomarker"
"A0238","UPKB:Q9NPI6","Des-gamma carboxy-prothrombin (DCP1A)","increased DCP1A level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","DCP was significantly better than total AFP and AFP-L3 in differentiating HCC from cirrhosis, with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 93%. All 3 markers had a lower area under the ROC curve and lower sensitivity in the group with high versus that with low risk for HCC. DCP has the best performance characteristics of all 3 serum markers for the diagnosis of HCC. Performance of all 3 biomarkers is lower in patients with high risk for HCC. Each marker had higher levels in patients with HCC compared to cirrhotic controls. [PMID:17522429] AFP was more sensitive than DCP and AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of early and very early stage HCC. [PMID:19362088] AFP mRNA has been shown to correlate with the metastasis and recurrence of HCC, and it may be the most useful marker to prefigure the prognosis. [PMID:16534867] Levels of DCP, AFP and AFP L-3 were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in those without HCC. [PMID:18422961] DCP was more sensitive and specific than AFP for differentiating HCC from nonmalignant chronic liver disease. [PMID:12717392] This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of simultaneous measurement of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis caused by hepatitis B virus infection. Subjects were 1,153 individuals had serum levels of DCP that were measured and clinicopathological features were determined for all subjects. Results showed that the levels of DCP and AFP were significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma group (550 patients, 74.18% with HBV infection) than that in other four groups (P < 0.001). Receiver operating curves (ROC) indicated the optimal cut-off value was 86 mAU/mL for DCP with a sensitivity of 71.50% and specificity of 86.30%. The area under ROC curve was 0.846 for AFP. [PMID:25382443]","EDRN biomarker|Simultaneous measurement of AFP and DCP could achieve a better sensitivity in diagnosing Chinese HCC patients, even for small tumors."
"A0239","","Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy RNA to DNA ratio (FTIR RNA to DNA)","increased FTIR RNA to DNA ratio","prognostic","epithelium (UN:0000483)","","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","DNA|RNA","The cancerous cells had a clear increased RNA/DNA ratio. The RNA/DNA ratio was equal or greater for the melanoma of patient no. 6. In the group of patients studied, tumour thickness did not exceed the limit of 0.75 mm. Because these melanomas were present on the skin surface and within the epidermis, we assume that the absorbance due to collagen would not significantly affect the values. The absence of collagen was further verified by the absence of peaks in the second derivative spectra of the samples at the characteristic wave numbers. [PMID:15230879]","NCIt:C0028606"
"A0242","UPKB:P04637","Tumor protein gene mutation (TP53)","increased mutation","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","Here we report that high-grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by TP53 mutations in almost all tumours (96%). Mutations in TP53 predominated, occurring in at least 96% of HGS-OvCa samples. [PMID:21720365]","EDRN biomarker|Low prevalence but statistically recurrent somatic mutations in nine further genes including NF1, BRCA1, BRCA2, RB1 and CDK12|113 significant focal DNA copy number aberrations and promoter methylation events involving 168 genes|TP53 mutations are implicated in numerous other cancers|UPKB:P04637"
"A0243","NCIt:C92514","Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)","increased VEGF level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","The most potent stimulator of angiogenesis, an important mechanism in tumor development, proliferation, and metastasis, is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). [PMID:19623180] The plasma levels of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in breast cancer patients were investigated and compared with control groups. The medians of VEGF, which was 134.96 pg/ml, levels similarly to the level of the commonly accepted tumor marker (CA 15-3 - 25.00 U/ml) in the total group of breast cancer patients were significantly higher when compared to the healthy subjects, which is 43.40 pg/ml (p < 0.001). In other words, the median levels of VEGF in breast cancer total group were statistically higher than in benign breast tumor patients group (p = 0.054). [PMID:23688065]","Elevation of VEGF concentration"
"A0245","UPKB:P01009|UPKB:P00738|UPKB:P02787|UPKB:P01042|UPKB:P02763|UPKB:P02790|NA|G06110VR|G23453IV|G39188ZX|G33609NS|G81295CK|G31936TA|G82119TF|G49347SB|G50045TK|G10256JP|G23432EQ|G64527OM|G12313PD|G23863VK|G70101JE|G06356OH|G44215PV|G24835MQ|G20425TQ|G39619TI|G84452RH|G72797UR|G48414YA|G75983OB|G22625SJ|G95977AE|G66163OV|G02030ZB|G59536GA|G70375MX|G47012YE|G96747WW|G22310AV|G81263BG|G90093AU|G86795LJ|G31596VW|G49874UX|G46687AB|G03382KH|G79568CQ|G91636VS|G40099BA","Glyco-typer 50 N-glycan liver disease panel","MALDI-MS measured N-glycans","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","glycan","Quantities (measured by MALDI-MS Glyco-typer technology) of 44 N-glycans covalently attached to serum glycoproteins Alpha-1-antitrypsin, Haptoglobin, Serotransferrin, Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, Low molecular weight kininogen, Immunoglobulin G, and Hemopexin in cirrhosis, HCC, and transplant cohorts. Quantities (measured by MALDI-MS Glyco-typer technology) of an additional 6 N-glycans covalently attached to serum glycoproteins Low molecular weight kininogen and Immunoglobulin G in the cirrhosis, HCC, and transplant cohorts. [PMID: 31721442, PMID: 31177770] Hex5HexNAc2 [Glytoucan ID: G06110VR], Hex4HexNAc3 [Glytoucan ID: G23453IV], Hex6HexNAc2 [Glytoucan ID: G39188ZX], Hex5HexNAc3 [Glytoucan ID: G33609NS], Hex4HexNAc4 [Glytoucan ID: G81295CK], Hex3HexNAc5 [Glytoucan ID: G31936TA], Hex3HexNAc5 (Hydrogen) [Glytoucan ID: G31936TA], Hex5dHex1HexNAc3 [Glytoucan ID: G82119TF], Hex3HexNAc4NeuGc1 [Glytoucan ID: G49347SB], Hex5HexNAc4 [Glytoucan ID: G50045TK], Hex3dHex1HexNAc5 [Glytoucan ID: G10256JP], Hex4HexNAc5 [Glytoucan ID: G23432EQ], Hex8HexNAc2 [Glytoucan ID: G64527OM], Hex5dHex2HexNAc3 [Glytoucan ID: G12313PD], Hex5dHex1HexNAc4 [Glytoucan ID: G23863VK], Hex9HexNAc2 [Glytoucan ID: G70101JE], Hex5HexNAc4NeuAc1 [Glytoucan ID: G06356OH], Hex5dHex2HexNAc4 [Glytoucan ID: G44215PV], Hex5HexNAc4NeuAc1 + 2Na [Glytoucan ID: G06356OH], Hex4HexNAc5NeuAc1 [Glytoucan ID: G24835MQ], Hex6HexNAc5 [Glytoucan ID: G20425TQ], Hex5dHex2HexNAc4 + 2Na + SO4 [Glytoucan ID: G44215PV], Hex5HexNAc6 [Glytoucan ID: G39619TI], Hex5dHex1HexNAc4NeuAc1 + 2Na [Glytoucan ID: G84452RH], Hex6dHex1HexNAc5 [Glytoucan ID: G72797UR], Unknown Glycan 1 [Glytoucan ID: unassigned], Hex5HexNAc4NeuAc2 [Glytoucan ID: G48414YA], Hex5HexNAc4NeuAc2 + 2Na [Glytoucan ID: G48414YA], Hex5dHex2HexNAc4NeuAc1 + 2Na [Glytoucan ID: G75983OB], Hex6dHex1HexNAc5 + 1SO4 + 2Na [Glytoucan ID: G72797UR], Hex5HexNAc4NeuAc2 + 3Na [Glytoucan ID: G48414YA], Hex5dHex3HexNAc5 [Glytoucan ID: G22625SJ], Hex4dHex2HexNAc5NeuAc1 + 2Na [Glytoucan ID: G95977AE], Hex6dHex2HexNAc5 [Glytoucan ID: G66163OV], Hex5dHex1HexNAc5NeuAc1 + 2Na [Glytoucan ID: G02030ZB], Hex6HexNAc5NeuAc1 + 2Na [Glytoucan ID: G59536GA], Hex6dHex1HexNAc6 [Glytoucan ID: G70375MX], Hex7HexNAc6 [Glytoucan ID: G47012YE], Hex9HexNAc3NeuAc1 + 2Na [Glytoucan ID: G96747WW], Hex5dHex1HexNAc4NeuAc2 + 3Na [Glytoucan ID: G22310AV], Hex6dHex1HexNAc5NeuAc1 + 2Na [Glytoucan ID: G81263BG], Hex7dHex1HexNAc6 [Glytoucan ID: G90093AU], Hex6dHex2HexNAc5NeuAc1 + 2Na [Glytoucan ID: G86795LJ], Hex6dHex1HexNAc6NeuAc1 + 2Na [Glytoucan ID: G31596VW]; Compositions and IDs of additional measured N-glycans attached to IgG, LMWK: Hex10HexNAc2 [Glytoucan ID: G40066BA], Hex3dHex1HexNAc4 [Glytoucan ID: G49874UX], Hex4dHex1HexNAc4 [Glytoucan ID: G46687AB], Hex4dHex1HexNAc5 [Glytoucan ID: G03382KH], Hex5dHex1HexNAc5 [Glytoucan ID: G91636VS], Hex5HexNAc5 [Glytoucan ID: G79568CQ]","A profile (panel) of N-linked glycans (identified based on theoretical mass value), covalently attached to specific immuno-captured serum proteins, believed to act as liver disease biomarkers. The panel provides compositional and quantitative N-glycan information. Assayed components of the panel may be used to compare disease-related glycosylation changes of the N-glycan elements (quantities, compositions) in the studied cirrhosis, HCC, and transplant cohort populations."
"A0246","UPKB:P12644|UPKB:P84022|UPKB:Q15796|UPKB:O95390|UPKB:P37023|UPKB:P08476|UPKB:P09529|UPKB:Q03167|UPKB:P22004|UPKB:P18075|UPKB:Q13485|UPKB:Q15797|UPKB:Q96S42|UPKB:O00238|UPKB:Q13873|UPKB:P12643|UPKB:P61812|UPKB:O95393|UPKB:P01137|UPKB:P10600|UPKB:Q9UKZ9|UPKB:P07585|UPKB:P29279|UPKB:P43235|UPKB:P13611|UPKB:Q9BX95|UPKB:P55287|UPKB:P02452|UPKB:P02458|UPKB:P02461|UPKB:P12109|UPKB:P12111|UPKB:A8TX70|UPKB:P39059|UPKB:P08253|UPKB:P08254|UPKB:P09237|UPKB:P22894|UPKB:P09238|UPKB:Q99542|UPKB:P35442|UPKB:P51884|UPKB:P04275|UPKB:Q14624|UPKB:P53350|UPKB:Q9BXY4|UPKB:P52926|UPKB:P37173|UPKB:P27037|UPKB:O95972|UPKB:Q13705|UPKB:P02771|UPKB:P12645|UPKB:P36896|UPKB:P55103|UPKB:Q9UK05|UPKB:O14965|UPKB:O94907|UPKB:Q9UK76|UPKB:P08727|UPKB:Q08050|UPKB:P63104|UPKB:P62826|UPKB:Q8N8S7|UPKB:P80188|UPKB:Q16667|UPKB:O95954|UPKB:O60218|UPKB:P51654|UPKB:P20248|UPKB:Q8N2S1|UPKB:P13497|UPKB:P03971|UPKB:Q13145|UPKB:O00292|UPKB:P56704|UPKB:P35222|UPKB:Q9Y2T1|UPKB:Q2I0M5|UPKB:Q76LX8|UPKB:Q8NBJ4|UPKB:O95750|UPKB:P08670|UPKB:P12830|UPKB:P55285|UPKB:P09341|UPKB:P80162|UPKB:P55107|UPKB:O60383|UPKB:Q99988|UPKB:P05019|UPKB:P08069|UPKB:P01344|UPKB:P11717|UPKB:P18065|UPKB:P17936|UPKB:P22692|UPKB:P24592|UPKB:Q16270|UPKB:P19320|UPKB:P05231|UPKB:P07225|UPKB:P40189|UPKB:P03950|UPKB:Q96P44","Cirrhosis, HCC 105 protein expression panel","measured differential expression","prognostic|risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","Panel of identified promising protein prognostic / risk biomarkers (differential expression) in cirrhosis and HCC. The promising proteins are BMP4 (UPKB: P12644), SMAD3 (UPKB: P84022), SMAD2 (UPKB: Q15796), GDF11 (UPKB: O95390), ACVRL1 (UPKB: P37023), INHBA (UPKB: P08476), INHBB (UPKB: P09529), TGFBR3 (UPKB: Q03167), BMP6 (UPKB: P22004), BMP7 (UPKB: P18075), SMAD4 (UPKB: Q13485), SMAD1 (UPKB: Q15797), NODAL (UPKB: Q96S42), BMPR1B (UPKB: O00238), BMPR2 (UPKB: Q13873), BMP2 (UPKB: P12643), TGFB2 (UPKB: P61812), BMP10 (UPKB: O95393), TGFB1 (UPKB: P01137), TGFB3 (UPKB: P10600), PCOLCE2 (UPKB: Q9UKZ9), DCN (UPKB: P07585), CTGF (UPKB: P29279), CTSK (UPKB: P43235), VCAN (UPKB: P13611), SPP1 (UPKB: Q9BX95), CDH11 (UPKB: P55287), COL1A1 (UPKB: P02452), COL2A1 (UPKB: P02458), COL3A1 (UPKB: P02461), COL6A1 (UPKB: P12109), COL6A3 (UPKB: P12111), COL6A5 (UPKB: A8TX70), COL15A1 (UPKB: P39059), MMP2 (UPKB: P08253), MMP3 (UPKB: P08254), MMP7 (UPKB: P09237), MMP8 (UPKB: P22894), MMP10 (UPKB: P09238), MMP19 (UPKB: Q99542), THBS2 (UPKB: P35442), LUM (UPKB: P51884), VWF (UPKB: P04275), ITIH4 (UPKB: Q14624), PLK1 (UPKB: P53350), RSPO3 (UPKB: Q9BXY4), HMGA2 (UPKB: P52926), TGFBR2 (UPKB: P37173), ACVR2A (UPKB: P27037), BMP15 (UPKB: O95972), ACVR2B (UPKB: Q13705), AFP (UPKB: P02771), BMP3 (UPKB: P12645), ACVR1B (UPKB: P36896), INHBC (UPKB: P55103), GDF2 (UPKB: Q9UK05), AURKA (UPKB: O14965), DKK1 (UPKB: O94907), HN1 (UPKB: Q9UK76), KRT19 (UPKB: P08727), FOXM1 (UPKB: Q08050), YWHAZ (UPKB: P63104), RAN (UPKB: P62826), ENAH (UPKB: Q8N8S7), LCN2 (UPKB: P80188), CDKN3 (UPKB: Q16667), FTCD (UPKB: O95954), AKR1B10 (UPKB: O60218), GPC3 (UPKB: P51654), CCNA2 (UPKB: P20248), LTBP4 (UPKB: Q8N2S1), BMP1 (UPKB: P13497), AMH (UPKB: P03971), BAMBI (UPKB: Q13145), LEFTY2 (UPKB: O00292), WNT3A (UPKB: P56704), CTNNB1 (UPKB: P35222), AXIN2 (UPKB: Q9Y2T1), RSPO4 (UPKB: Q2I0M5), ADAMTS13 (UPKB: Q76LX8), GOLM1 (UPKB: Q8NBJ4), FGF19 (UPKB: O95750), VIM (UPKB: P08670), CDH1 (UPKB: P12830), CDH6 (UPKB: P55285), CXCL1 (UPKB: P09341), CXCL6 (UPKB: P80162), GDF10 (UPKB: P55107), GDF9 (UPKB: O60383), GDF15 (UPKB: Q99988), IGF1 (UPKB: P05019), IGF1R (UPKB: P08069), IGF2 (UPKB: P01344), IGF2R (UPKB: P11717), IGFBP2 (UPKB: P18065), IGFBP3 (UPKB: P17936), IGFBP4 (UPKB: P22692), IGFBP6 (UPKB: P24592), IGFBP7 (UPKB: Q16270), VCAM1 (UPKB: P19320), IL6 (UPKB: P05231), PROS1 (UPKB: P07225), IL6ST (UPKB: P40189), ANG (UPKB: P03950), COL21 (UPKB: Q96P44)",""
"A0247","UPKB:Q9Y279","Protein V-set and Ig domain-containing 4 (VSIG4)","increased VSIG4 level","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","VSIG4 messenger RNA and protein expression levels in ovarian cancer tissues were higher than those in benign ovarian tumors (P = 0.0013 and 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, soluble VSIG4 levels are associated with the progression and recurrence of ovarian cancer, indicating that soluble VSIG4 may be used as a potential biomarker for predicting tumor prognosis. [PMID:28498255]","Increased expression of VSIG4"
"A0248","MRB:MI0003626","miRNA-613 (MIR-613)","decreased MIR-613 level","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","RNA","miR-613 expression in ovarian cancer tissue specimens was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than that in matched normal adjacent tissue specimens. miR-613 expression levels are low in ovarian cancer tissue and correlate with progression-free and overall survival. Thus, miR-613 may be useful as a prognostic marker in ovarian cancer. [PMID:27010138]","Decreased expression of MIR-613"
"A0249","MRB:MI0000783","miRNA-375-3p (MIR-375-3P)","increased MIR-375-3P level","prognostic","esophagus (UN:0001043)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","RNA","We performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to identify the top three gene sets that significantly altered between the patients with miR-375 low expression and high expression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that miR-375 serves as a promising independent prognostic factor for ESCC and function as a tumor suppressor. patients with high miR-375 expression in ESCC had a well prognosis due to down-regulated activity of RNA polymerase I and III. [PMID:30638952]","Increased MIR-375 expression"
"A0250","NCIt:C113815","Zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein (AZGP1)","increased AZGP1 level","predictive","urine (UN:0001088)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a significant predictive ability of ZAG for prostate cancer. The area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of prostate cancer was 0.68 (95% CI 0.59-0.78) ... The optimal cut-off was 1.13 for ZAG, which corresponded to 6.88 times greater odds for prostate cancer. [PMID:23020913]","Presence of ZAG in urine"
"A0250","NCIt:C113815","Zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein (AZGP1)","decreased AZGP1 level","prognostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","In the phase II cohort, with a median follow-up of 15.8 years, low/absent AZGP1 expression was an independent predictor of poor BRFS (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9; P = 0.03), MFS (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2-6.6; P = 0.02) and PCSS (HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.5-9.5; P = 0.005). These results were validated in our prospective phase III cohort. Low/absent AZGP1 expression independently predicted for BRFS (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3; P = 0.02), with shorter MFS (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4; P = 0.02). AZGP1 improved the discriminatory value when incorporated into existing prognostic risk models. [PMID:28486686]",""
"A0251","UPKB:P25311","T Helper cytokine 17 (Th17)","increased Th17 level","prognostic","breast (UN:0000310)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Greater varieties of helper t cell can infiltrate a breast cancer microenvironment. We found that Th17, was the most favorable prognostic signature in a subset of TN breast cancer with low T cell infiltrate. We provide evidence that a Th17 signature is associated with good prognosis in TN breast cancer specifically in T-low tumors. [PMID:31428522]","High Th17 cytokine metagenes expression"
"A0253","UPKB:P20700","Lamin B1 (LMNB1)","increased LMNB1 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","gene","Lamin B1 (LMNB1) mRNA was detected in 16 of 21 (76%) plasma from patients with early stage HCC and 12 of 14 (86%) from patients with late stage HCC, whereas only 19% and 17% in cirrhosis and normal subjects demonstrated LMNB1, respectively. The positivity rate of circulating LMNB1 mRNA gradually increased with tumor stages progression and it was significantly higher in HCC than in cirrhosis and normal individuals (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The overall detection sensitivity of LMNB1 mRNA for Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC was 80 and the specificity was 82%, where in particular for the detection of early stage and late stage HCCs the sensitivity is 76% and 86%, respectively. [PMID:19522540]","Elevation of circulating Lamin B1"
"A0254","UPKB:P46013","KI67 antigen (MKI67)","increased MKI67 level","predictive","breast (UN:0000310)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","The data indicated that patients whose tumors contained high levels of Ki67 effectively responded to anthracycline and taxane-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ki67 LI was a predictive marker for pCR, and all patients whose tumors achieved pathologic Complete Response (pCR) are currently disease-free. [PMID:23645542]","Ki67 expression is a predictive factor for pCR in neoadjuvant chemotherapy|High Ki67 expression."
"A0255","UPKB:P29972","Aquaporin-1 (AQP1)","increased AQP1 level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","The AQP1 concentrations in patients with either clear cell or papillary carcinoma were significantly greater and clearly separated from those in the nonnephrectomy surgical control patients and the healthy individuals. High concentration of AQP1 in urine demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in detecting renal cancer. [PMID:20375178]","Serve as a predictive biomarker as well|Increased urine AQP1 excretion"
"A0256","UPKB:Q99541","Adipophilin (ADFP)","increased ADFP level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","The ADFP concentrations in patients with either clear cell or papillary carcinoma were significantly greater and clearly separated from those in the nonnephrectomy surgical control patients and the healthy individuals. High ADFP concentration in the urine demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity in detecting renal cancer. [PMID:20375178]","Can also serve as predictive biomarker|Increased urine ADFP excretion."
"A0257","CHEBI:89446","Lactosylceramide (LACCER)","increased LACCER level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","metabolite","In terms of lipid classes, it was noted that HexCer species were in general more abundant in urinary exosomes from prostate cancer patients than from healthy controls, and that LacCer species were increased or unchanged. This is an interesting result since antibodies against LacCer and GlcCer are available, opening the alternative of analyzing these lipids by antibody-based methods, which are widely used in clinical laboratories. LacCer also showed the highest patient-to-control ratio. [PMID:27914242]",""
"A0258","CHEBI:77462","Hexosylceramide (HEXCER)","increased HEXCER level","prognostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","metabolite","It was noted that HexCer species were in general more abundant in urinary exosomes from prostate cancer patients than from healthy controls, and that LacCer species were increased or unchanged. [PMID:27914242]","Also a diagnostic biomarker"
"A0259","CHEBI:90437","Phosphatidylserine (PS)","decreased PS level","prognostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","metabolite","PS 18:1/18:1 alone demonstrated lower expression in urine in patients as compared to the controls. Also, the author calculated that in urinary exosomes, PS 18:0e18:1 in the inner leaflet could occupy 72 18% (mean SD; n Z 13) and 66 22% (mean SD; n Z 15) of the area occupied by long-chain sphingolipids (N amidated C22 and C24) in urinary exosomes from controls and prostate cancer patients, respectively. The highest significance was shown for phosphatidylserine (PS) 18:1/18:1 and lactosylceramide (d18:1/16:0), the latter also showed the highest patient-to-control ratio. Furthermore, combinations of these lipid species and PS 18:0-18:2 distinguished the two groups with 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity. [PMID:27914242]","Also a diagnostic biomarker"
"A0260","UPKB:Q8N2U0","Transmembrane protein 256 (TM256)","increased TM256 level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","The most interesting potential prostate cancer biomarker identified in our study (both at 100% specificity and combined specificity and sensitivity) is TM256/C17orf61, a protein that has been predicted to be located at the plasma membrane and in exosomes. TM256 showed the highest sensitivity (94%) and level of enrichment (140-fold) of all the detected proteins. The fact that TM256 is also relatively abundant in patient exosomes further increases the interest for this protein as a promising biomarker. [PMID:26196085]","The study analyzed urinary exosomes of prostate cancer patients, and found 246 protein changes. The authors also mentioned urinary exosomes can be used in the diagnosis and clinical management of prostate cancer|High expression of TM256."
"A0261","UPKB:Q02790","Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (FKBP4)","increased FKBP4 level","diagnostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","FKBP4 was increased in PCa specimen. It was also interesting that FKBP4 (also known as FKBP52) was up-regulated in Pca. [PMID:17722004]","Upregulation of FKBP4 level"
"A0262","UPKB:P21333","Filamin-A (FLNA)","decreased FLNA level","diagnostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","2-DE protein profile of FLNA(7-15) clearly reveals a decrease in this protein in PNBX specimens from PCa patients. FLNA(7-15) levels were notably reduced in AMACR-positive PCa specimens as measured by immunoblot analysis (Fig. 3e). These results, taken with proteomics observations, suggest that FLNA(7-15) is down-regulated in prostate cancer. Among the proteins identified, the most notable was the endogenous 100-kDa fragment of FLNA and FKBP4, FLNA(7-15), which was found to be markedly down-regulated in PCa specimens. [PMID:17722004]","Filamin-A (7-15)"
"A0263","UPKB:Q9Y4I1","Unconventional myosin-Va (MYO5A)","increased MYO5A level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","On the bottom left is the WASF1 module which included MYO5A and WASF1. These two genes both interacted with NCKAP1, CYFIP2, and CYFIP1. In this WASF1 module, four genes (CYFIP1, CYFIP2, NCKAP1, and WASF1) were involved in hsa04810: regulation of actin cytoskeleton. It has been reported that actin cytoskeleton was associated with lung cancer migration and invasion [PMID:30532555].","Dilute myosin heavy chain, non-muscle|Myosin heavy chain 12|Myosin-12|Myoxin"
"A0264","UPKB:Q92558","Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 1 (WASF1)","increased WASF1 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","On the bottom left is the WASF1 module which included MYO5A and WASF1. These two genes both interacted with NCKAP1, CYFIP2, and CYFIP1. In this WASF1 module, four genes (CYFIP1, CYFIP2, NCKAP1, and WASF1) were involved in hsa04810: regulation of actin cytoskeleton. It has been reported that actin cytoskeleton was associated with lung cancer migration and invasion [PMID:30532555].","Actin-binding protein WASF1|Protein WAVE-1|Verprolin homology domain-containing protein 1|Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 1|WASP family protein member 1"
"A0265","UPKB:P11177","Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial (PDHB)","increased PDHB level","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","The PDHB module, which was involved in carbohydrate metabolism. The PDHB module interacted with the RSRC1 module, which was associated with protein biosynthesis, growth, and migration. These biomarkers can accurately predict NSCLC. In-depth biological network analysis suggested that there were four modules and three intermodule hubs that may trigger NSCLC [PMID:30532555].",""
"A0267","UPKB:Q96IZ7","Serine/arginine-related protein 53 (RSRC1)","increased RSRC1 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","gene","At the top middle was the RSRC1 module, which included RSRC1 and FLOT1. Within this module, eight genes (RPS11, RPS14, RPS15, RPS26, RPS28, RPS3, RPS3A, and RPS9) that RSRC1 interacted with were ribosomal protein genes. Ribosome is important for protein biosynthesis, and there have been several reports that downregulation of ribosomal protein can inhibit or attenuate NSCLC growth and migration. [PMID:30532555]","High expression of RSRC1 gene"
"A0268","UPKB:Q99697","Pituitary homeobox 2 gene methylation (PITX2)","increased methylation","predictive","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","gene","However, after FDR adjustment at 5% was applied, only methylation of PITX2 remained significant (p = 0.005) for predicting PCa related death and is interpreted as the following: for each 10% increase in methylation of PITX2, the risk of PCa-related death increased by a factor of 1.56. [PMID:25402584]","Increase methylation of PITX2|UPKB:Q99697"
"A0269","","TMPRSS2-ERG fusion protein (TMPRSS2-ERG)","increased TMPRSS2-ERG level","predictive","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","gene","TMPRSS2-ERG was found to associate with these factors in a manner predicting a poor outcome of the patient (high tumor stromal expression of PDGFRbeta, hyaluronan, von Willebrand factor and low stromal expression of Caveolin-1) (Table 5 and 6). These results indicate that presence of TMPRSS2-ERG is related to stromal phenotypes associated with bad prognosis of prostate cancer patients. The present study suggests that the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion gene is associated with a more aggressive prostate cancer phenotype, supported by changes in the tumor stroma. [PMID:24505269]","Increased TMPRSS2-ERG expression"
"A0270","UPKB:P61073","C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)","increased CXCR4 level","prognostic","skin epidermis (UN:0001003)","","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","protein","The CXCR4 expression on tumor cells was correlated with an unfavorable prognosis with a median disease-free and overall survival of 22 and 35 months, respectively. The hazard ratios of relapse and death, compared with patients with CXCR4-negative tumors, were 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-6.1) and 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-7.2), respectively. This article provides the first evidence that CXCR4 expression could be an independent and powerful prognostic marker in primary cutaneous malignant melanomas. [PMID:15756007]","Increased CXCR4 expression"
"A0271","UPKB:P07858","Cathepsin B (CTSB)","increased CTSB level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","protein","Indeed, significantly elevated levels of Cathepsin B (as determined by unpaired t test) were observed in melanoma patients. However, Cathepsin B levels were also elevated in breast cancer patients, indicating that cathepsin B is not unique to melanoma but may be associated with general tumor progression. Cathepsin B levels were also independent of age and stages of melanoma. In our study, serum cathepsin B levels were elevated in both melanoma and breast cancer patients. Based on these data, it is suggested that cathepsin B might be relevant to the development of a broad range of tumor, possibly contributing to the tumor cell migration and metastasis due to its protease function. [PMID:21673904]","Can be used for breast cancer too"
"A0272","UPKB:Q9BXJ4","Complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 3 (C1QTNF3)","increased C1QTNF3 level","diagnostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","gene","We were able to draw the conclusion that C1QTNF3 was significantly overexpressed in prostate tumor tissues. [PMID:29861410]","Increased C1QTNF3 expression"
"A0273","UPKB:Q13144","Translation initiation factor eIF-2B subunit epsilon (EIF2B5)","decreased EIF2B5 level","predictive","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","Low EIF2B5 expression was found in ovarian cancer tissues and correlated with survival status. Survival analysis showed that ovarian cancer patients with low EIF2B5 expression had a short OS. Low EIF2B5 expression predicts poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. [PMID:32000373]","Low EIF2B5 expression"
"A0274","UPKB:P40692","DNA mismatch repair protein Mlh1 (MLH1)","decreased MLH1 level","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","81691-8","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Low MLH1 expression was associated with improved prognosis and is a possible predictor of the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer. [PMID:31570444]","EDRN biomarker|Low MLH1 expression"
"A0275","UPKB:Q6AZW8","Zinc finger protein 660 (ZNF660)","decreased ZNF660 level","prognostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","gene","We furthermore identify ZNF660 hypermethylation as associated with increased risk of BCR, as well as with reduced OS and reduced CSS, thus showing promising prognostic potential. ZNF660 hypermethylation was also significantly associated with poor overall and PC-specific survival in the RP. [PMID:29465788]",""
"A0276","UPKB:Q8NDV1","Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 3 (ST6GALNAC3)","decreased ST6GALNAC3 level","diagnostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","gene","ST6GALNAC3 and ZNF660 mRNA levels were significantly downregulated in PC compared to AN tissue samples (P < 0.0001; Fig. 1K,L). Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of each gene was moderately, but significantly, inversely correlated with the promoter methylation level (P < 0.001; Fig. 1M,N), collectively suggesting that aberrant promoter hypermethylation may contribute to downregulation of ST6GALNAC3 and ZNF660 in PC. [PMID:29465788]",""
"A0277","UPKB:Q96QU8","Exportin-6 (XPO6)","increased XPO6 level","prognostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","gene","XPO6 expression was significantly higher in patients with elevated PSA levels (>20 ng/ml) prior to radical prostatectomy (P=0.02). Elevated XPO6 expression was also found in patients with higher combined Gleason score (>/=8) in both biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens (P=1.34E-3, P=3.09E-3, respectively). Furthermore, a positive association was found for the elevated expression of XPO6 and lymph node metastasis occurrence (P=0.01), biochemical recurrence (P=1.57E-3), and distant metastasis occurrence (P=3.27E-4). [PMID:26709895]","Increased XPO6 expression"
"A0278","UPKB:P26651","Tristetraprolin (ZFP36)","decreased ZFP36 level","prognostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","gene","Lower levels of tristetraprolin in human prostate cancer prostatectomy tissue are associated with more aggressive prostate cancer and may serve as an actionable prognostic and predictive biomarker. [PMID:30420441]","Low Tristetraprolin expression"
"A0279","UPKB:Q15910","Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)","increased EZH2 level","prognostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","96964-2","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","EZH2 protein are increased in metastatic prostate cancer; in addition, clinically localized prostate cancers that express higher concentrations of EZH2 show a poorer prognosis. Thus, dysregulated expression of EZH2 may be involved in the progression of prostate cancer, as well as being a marker that distinguishes indolent prostate cancer from those at risk of lethal Progression. [PMID:12374981]","LOINC code not in cited specimen type: 96964-2|EZH2 gene mutations found in blood or tissue by molecular genetics method Nomina"
"A0280","UPKB:P15090","Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte (FABP4)","increased FABP4 level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Using clinical samples, we demonstrated that circulating A-FABP levels were significantly increased in obese patients with breast cancer in comparison with those without breast cancer. Collectively, these data suggest circulating A-FABP as a new link between obesity and breast cancer risk, thereby revealing A-FABP as a potential new therapeutic target for treatment of obesity-associated cancers. [PMID:30100196]",""
"A0281","UPKB:P17813","Endoglin (ENG)","increased ENG level","prognostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","Elevations in post-DRE urinary endoglin suggest there may be value in further studying endoglin as a urinary biomarker of prostate cancer. Endoglin levels in both urine and serum may aid in prostate cancer detection and prognostication. In the present study, we show that endoglin is increased in urine collected after DRE from men with prostate cancer on biopsy compared to men without prostate cancer, and that post-DRE urinary endoglin levels are predictive of prostate cancer in a cohort of men at increased risk by PSA and DRE criteria. [PMID:19004009]","The same group also reported Endoglin is upregulated in prostatic fluid of men with large volume prostate cancer|High CD105 expression."
"A0282","UPKB:Q9UHK6","Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR)","increased AMACR level","risk","urine (UN:0001088)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","AMACR was detected in the urine in 18 of 26 patients (69%). AMACR was detected in all 12 patients with biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate (100 sensitivity, 95% CI 75 to 100), in 5 of 12 with no evidence of cancer on biopsy (58% specificity, 95% CI 29 to 78) and in 1 of 2 (50%, 95% CI 3 to 80) with atypia on biopsy. Overall AMACR detection was associated with cancer status by prostate biopsy in 21 of 26 patients (86%). A screening test based on urinary AMACR may develop into a useful adjunct to serum prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination for identifying men at increased risk for harboring prostate cancer despite negative biopsy. Such a test has potential application for stratifying patients into low and high risk groups for surveillance vs repeat biopsy. [PMID:15371879]","This is a high sensitivity (100%) but low specificity (58%) marker|LOINC code not in cited specimen type: 82221-3|Alpha-methylacyl CoA racemase [enzymatic activity/mass] in fibroblast|Increased AMACR expression"
"A0283","UPKB:P12268","Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase type II (IMPDH2)","increased IMPDH2 level","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","IMPDH2 is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and correlates with prognosis, which may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker. [PMID:32305001]","Higher mRNA levels of IMPDH2"
"A0286","MRB:MIMAT0000103","miRNA-106a-5p (MIR-106A-5P)","increased MIR-106A-5P level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","RNA","miR-106a-5p was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in BC tissue samples compared to paired adjacent healthy tissue samples. [PMID:26276721]","Upregulated"
"A0287","MRB:MI0003135","miRNA-495 (MIR-495)","decreased MIR-495 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","RNA","Results showed differential pattern of expressions of these miRNAs in multiple cohorts, however in early stage breast cancer, miR-106a-5p and miR-454-3p were upregulated (p < 0.05), miR-195-5p and miR-495 were downregulated (p < 0.05) in PBMCs. In addition, these miRNAs were also significantly associated with cancer and ErbB signaling pathways. The present study delineated the importance of miR-195-5p and miR-495 miRNAs as prospective circulating surrogate molecular signatures for early detection of breast cancer. [PMID:26276721]","Downregulated of MIR-495"
"A0288","MRB:MIMAT0003885","miRNA-454-3p (MIR-454-3P)","increased MIR-454-3P level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","RNA","Results showed differential pattern of expressions of these miRNAs in multiple cohorts, however in early stage breast cancer, miR-106a-5p and miR-454-3p were upregulated (p < 0.05), miR-195-5p and miR-495 were downregulated (p < 0.05) in PBMCs. In addition, these miRNAs were also significantly associated with cancer and ErbB signaling pathways. [PMID:26276721]","Upregulated of MIR-454-3P"
"A0289","MRB:MIMAT0000461","miRNA-195-5p (MIR-195-5P)","decreased MIR-195-5P level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","RNA","In early stage breast cancer, miR-106a-5p and miR-454-3p were upregulated (p < 0.05), miR-195-5p and miR-495 were downregulated (p < 0.05) in PBMCs. Results showed differential pattern of expressions of these miRNAs in multiple cohorts, however in early stage breast cancer, miR-106a-5p and miR-454-3p were upregulated (p < 0.05), miR-195-5p and miR-495 were downregulated (p < 0.05) in PBMCs. In addition, these miRNAs were also significantly associated with cancer and ErbB signaling pathways. [PMID:32259560]","Downregulation of MIR-195-5P"
"A0290","UPKB:Q13018","Secretory phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1)","decreased PLA2R1 level","prognostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","gene","The main objective of this study was to characterize the stage-specific deregulation in genes and miRNA expression in PTC to identify potential prognostic biomarkers. LTF and PLA2R1 were identified as two promising biomarkers down-regulated in a subgroup of stage I (both in TCGA and in the validation data set) and in the majority of stage IV of PTC (in TCGA data set). [PMID:31965517]",""
"A0291","UPKB:O15554","Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 (KCNN4)","increased KCNN4 level","prognostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","gene","We examined expression of KCNN4 in public databases and discovered that it is upregulated in PTC. These results suggest that KCNN4 promotes PTC progression by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppressing apoptosis, which suggests KCNN4 may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of PTC. [PMID:32857728]","Also a diagnostic biomarker|Upregulation of KCNN4 levels"
"A0292","NCIT:C1297","8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG)","increased 8-OHDG level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","metabolite","The concentrations of 8-OHdG were significantly increased in the BC group (55.2 ng/dL) compared with the benign tumor group (30.2 ng/dL) and with the healthy control group (9.08 ng/dL). [PMID:30683611]",""
"A0293","UPKB:O00300","Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B)","increased TNFRSF11B level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Especially in women with ER+ disease, higher circulating OPG concentrations were associated with higher risk of breast cancer-specific. High pre-diagnosis endogenous concentrations of OPG, the decoy receptor for RANKL, were associated with increased risk of death after a breast cancer diagnosis, especially in those with ER+ disease. [PMID:30348163]","EDRN biomarker|Increased OPG concentration"
"A0294","NCIT:C179394","Plasma tumor DNA (PTDNA)","increased PTDNA level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","DNA","This prospective study demonstrates accurate mutation detection in tumor tissues using ddPCR, and that ptDNA can be detected in blood before and after surgery in patients with early-stage breast cancer. [PMID:24504125]",""
"A0295","UPKB:Q96R06","Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5)","increased SPAG5 level","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","These results suggest that high SPAG5 expression was correlated with multiple clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer and can be used as an evaluation indicator for a poor ovarian cancer prognosis. [PMID:31985007]","High SPAG5 expression"
"A0296","UPKB:Q06830","Peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX-1)","increased PRDX-1 level","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Multivariate analysis showed that a high expression of PRDX-1 is an independent prognostic factor of poor, overall survival (P<0.002) and a disease-free survival (P<0.01). [PMID:31559796]","High expression of PRDX-1"
"A0297","UPKB:P04792","Heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1)","increased HSPB1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Taken together, our findings demonstrate that high levels of circulating HSP27 in serum are associated with improved overall survival of OC patients. [PMID:33130378]",""
"A0298","UPKB:Q9BYZ8","Regenerating islet-derived protein 4 (REG4)","increased REG4 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Finally, an ELISA based serum biomarker assay demonstrated increased expression only in patients with mucinous ovarian cancer. This study identifies REG4 as a potential serum biomarker for histotype-specific detection of mucinous ovarian cancer and suggests serum REG4 measurement as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for postoperative follow-up of patients with mucinous ovarian cancer. [PMID:26981633]","High REG4 expression"
"A0298","UPKB:Q9BYZ8","Regenerating islet-derived protein 4 (REG4)","increased REG4 level","diagnostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","In the present study, we show that high expression of REG4 correlates with advanced stage and poor survival prognosis for gastric cancer patients. REG4 overexpression significantly enhances peritoneal metastasis by increasing adhesion ability. Moreover, SP1 is proved to be a transcription factor of REG4 and induce REG4 expression upon TGF-alpha stimulation. [PMID:27036049]",""
"A0299","RNAC:URS0000759B00","HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR)","increased HOTAIR level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","RNA","We measured the HOTAIR and GAPDH DNA in 24 randomly selected patients and 24 age-matched healthy individuals using the direct serum qPCR assay, and found that the relative concentration of HOTAIR DNA was significantly higher in the breast cancer patients than in healthy individuals, corresponding to an average fold change of 2.01 (P = 0.0008). [PMID:26033707]",""
"A0300","RNAC:URS00008B9C5E","Long non-coding RNA H19 (LNCRNA H19)","increased LNCRNA H19 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","RNA","The results revealed that the expression of H19 was significantly increased in BC tissues and plasma compared with healthy controls (P< 0.05). [PMID:27540977]","Increased lncRNA H19 expression"
"A0302","UPKB:P36956","Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1)","increased SREBP1 level","diagnostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","The expression of SREBP1 was significantly different among DTCs, thyroid nodules and the adjacent normal tissues. SREBP1 was upregulated follow with the malignancy. [PMID:31887541]","Upregulation of SREBP1"
"A0303","","Differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA (DANCR)","decreased DANCR level","diagnostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","RNA","These results demonstrated that the expression of DANCR was notably decreased in tumor tissues in comparison with adjacent normal tissues. The present study demonstrated that DANCR was associated with PTC aggressive clinical features and may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for detecting PTC patients. [PMID:30910839]","Down-regulation of DANCR"
"A0304","UPKB:P12429","Annexin A3 (ANXA3)","decreased ANXA3 level","prognostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","ANXA3 represents a promising candidate tissue marker, and when combined with the standard prognostic parameters, is suggested to provide a more precise prediction of prognosis in the individual patient, therefore harboring the potential to contribute to future patient management. [PMID:18222597]","Decreased ANXA3 expression"
"A0305","UPKB:Q5TGI4","Sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 5 (SAMD5)","increased SAMD5 level","prognostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","gene","SAMD5 mRNA was shown to be up-regulated in multiple microarray datasets of prostate cancer with the strict statistic criteria: p<0.01 and fold change >/=2. In TCGA_PCa cohort study, high expression of SAMD5 was a risk factor for patients on post-operative BCR (HR 2.181, 95%CI 1.199-3.966, p=0.011) and this predictive ability was independent of Gleason score and pathologic T stage (HR 2.018, 95%CI 1.102-3.698, p=0.023). In another validating cohort study, the statistic trend was similar, and the pooled analysis by combining the two cohort study further confirmed its prognostic effect. [PMID:30739268]",""
"A0307","UPKB:P09630","Homeobox C6 (HOXC6)","increased HOXC6 level","prognostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","Relative expressions of HOXC6 at mRNA and protein levels were obviously higher in both PCa tissues and cells than in adjacent non-cancerous tissues and normal human prostate epithelial cells (p < .05). Chi-square test demonstrated that high expression of HOXC6 was significantly associated with PSA concentration, Gleason score and TNM stage (p < .05). [PMID:31271305]",""
"A0308","UPKB:Q8N490","Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 (PNKD)","increased PNKD level","diagnostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","MR-1 was overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues and SKOV3 cells. Knockdown of MR-1 expression inhibited cell adhesion and invasion, and treatment with anti-cancer drugs decreased its expression in cancer cells. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which MR-1 might serve as a novel biological marker and potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. [PMID:21702971]","Overexpression of MR-1"
"A0309","UPKB:O95994","Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog (AGR2)","increased AGR2 level","diagnostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","We noted a marked overexpression of AGR2 mRNA and protein in early stage mucinous ovarian tumors compared to normal ovarian tissues and serous type ovarian tumors by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. To further elucidate the role of AGR2 in ovarian tumorigenesis, stable 2774 human ovarian cancer cell lines overexpressing AGR2 were established. Forced expression of AGR2 in 2774 cells enhanced the growth and migration of ovarian cancer cells. [PMID:21200134]","Overexpression of AGR2 mRNA and proteins"
"A0309","UPKB:O95994","Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog (AGR2)","increased AGR2 level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","AGR2 and CTSD expression were both elevated in GC lesions compared with noncancerous tissues. In 204/436 (46.8%) GC patients, high expression of AGR2 was positively correlated with the expression of CTSD (r=0.577, P<0.01). Furthermore, several clinicopathological parameters were significantly associated with AGR2 expression level, including tumor size, depth of invasion and TNM stage (P<0.05). The findings of the present study indicate that AGR2 expression is significantly associated with location and size of GC, depth of invasion, TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis, vessel invasion, distant metastasis, Lauren's classification, high CTSD expression and poor prognosis. Thus, AGR2 may be a novel GC marker and may present a potential therapeutic target for GC. [PMID:26998125]",""
"A0310","UPKB:P00747","Plasminogen (PLG)","increased PLG level","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","PLG staining was positively associated with prolonged overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR)=0.59, p=0.026] of the patients. In summary, these data indicate that elevated PLG expression represents a favorable prognostic biomarker in advanced (FIGO III/IV) high-grade serous ovarian cancer. [PMID:27935848]","Elevated PLG expression"
"A0311","UPKB:Q16651","Serine protease prostasin (PRSS8)","increased PRSS8 level","diagnostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","Overexpression of PRSS8 mRNA and high levels of prostasin in multiple subtypes of early stage ovarian tumors may provide clinical biomarkers for early detection of OVC, which can potentially be used with CA125 and HE4. [PMID:27036110]","Overexpression of PRSS8 mRNA"
"A0312","UPKB:P17096","High mobility group protein A1 (HMGA1)","increased HMGA1 level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Urine HMGA1 was significantly elevated in serous epithelial ovarian cancer specimen relative to healthy control specimens with G3 specimens exhibiting higher levels than G1-G2 specimens. Furthermore, urine HMGA1 and serum CA-125 combined AUC indicated that urine HMGA1 is an excellent diagnostic biomarker for serous epithelial ovarian cancer. [PMID:25586095]","Elevated urine HMGA1 levels"
"A0313","UPKB:P18510","Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN)","increased IL1RN level","prognostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","gene","IL1RN showed higher expression levels and lower methylation levels in PTC tissues than in normal tissues. IL1RN is a good prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for PTC. IL1RN may promote thyroid cancer progression through immune-related pathways. [PMID:33238942]","Diagnostic marker too|Increased expression level of IL1RN"
"A0314","UPKB:P62324","B cell translocation gene 1 protein (BTG1)","decreased BTG1 level","prognostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","We determined the expression and function of B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) in thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid samples were obtained from cancer lesions (n=83) and adjacent normal tissue (n=35) in thyroid cancer patients immediately after endoscopic biopsy. TG1 protein expression was significantly lower in thyroid cancer tissue biopsies compared to normal tissue. Reduced BTG1 expression is associated with increased disease severity, suggesting it is a negative regulator of thyroid cancer and can serve as a prognostic indicator. [PMID:25017022]","Decreased BTG1 expression"
"A0315","UPKB:P40123","Cyclase-associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2 (CAP2)","increased CAP2 level","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Multivariate analyses showed that CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (P = 0.019). CAP2 expression is upregulated in aggressive histologic types of epithelial ovarian cancer and serves as a novel prognostic biomarker for patient survival. [PMID:32211793]","CAP2 overexpression"
"A0316","UPKB:Q9BV68","RING finger protein 126 (RNF126)","increased RNF126 level","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Upregulated protein level of RNF126 in EOC tissues is a biomarker predicting poor outcomes of EOC patients. [PMID:32254065]","High expression of RNF126"
"A0317","UPKB:O43240","Kallikrein-10 (KLK10)","increased KLK10 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","HK10 concentration is significantly elevated in serum of presurgical ovarian cancer patients (range: 106-11,746 ng/liter; mean = 1067 ng/liter) but not in serum of patients with benign gynecologic diseases (range: 120-1200 ng/liter; mean = 447 ng/liter). Serum hK10 represents a novel biomarker for ovarian cancer. We conclude that preoperative serum hK10 concentration is a strong and independent unfavorable prognostic marker for ovarian cancer. [PMID:12591730]","Elevated hK10 concentration"
"A0318","UPKB:P40763","Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)","increased STAT3 level","diagnostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","Expression of STAT3 in all PTC primary tumors was 98% (40/41) and thus significantly higher than corresponding benign thyroid tissue. [PMID:21577321]","Upregulation of STAT3"
"A0318","UPKB:P40763","Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)","increased STAT3 level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","The data demonstrated that eight genes associated with ApoE were differentially expressed, with six of these upregulated and two downregulated. Functionally, these genes were involved in the JAK-STAT cascade, acute-phase response, acute inflammatory response, and the steroid hormone response. Among these ApoE-associated genes, expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) and STAT3 transcription factors was upregulated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the network of ApoE-related genes and transcription factors in gastric cancer. Additional studies are required in order to confirm these data and to translate the results into the identification of clinical biomarkers and novel treatment strategies for gastric cancer. [PMID:26622669]","diagnostic marker too|increased STAT3 level"
"A0319","UPKB:Q9NYA1","Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1)","increased SPHK1 level","predictive","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","Sphingosine kinase 1 is up-regulated in many different types of human malignancies and plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Sphingosine kinase 1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissue was significantly higher than in nodular goiter (p<0.001) or normal thyroid (p<0.001)  tissue. [PMID:28982849]","Upregulation of SPHK1"
"A0324","UPKB:Q96BK5","PIN2/TERF1 interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PINX1)","increased PINX1 level","prognostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","Immunohistochemistry for PINX1 was performed using a tissue microarray of samples taken from the 160 patients with PTC. PINX1 expression was significantly associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, telomerase reverse transcriptase, promoter mutation and recurrence. PINX1 mRNA expression was more pronounced in the recurrent group than in the nonrecurrent group. In addition, results of the binary logistic regression model showed that PINX1 protein expression had a significant influence on recurrence. [PMID:30026037]","Increased PINX1 expression"
"A0324","UPKB:Q96BK5","PIN2/TERF1 interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PINX1)","decreased PINX1 level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","PinX1 low expression staining was observed in 7 of 35 (20%) normal renal tissues, and 168 of 278 (60%) ccRCC tissues (P < 0.001) low PinX1 staining correlated with both worse overall and disease-specific survival in ccRCC (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002). [PMID:26033551] To further understand the molecular mechanism of PinX1 in renal cancer angiogenesis, we obtained the gene microarray to determine the downstream molecules of PinX1 in renal cancer. Surprisingly, PinX1 promoted the expression level of miR-125a-3p, which is a tumor suppressor of multiple oncogenes, including VEGF, CDK3, FUT5/6, and ERBB2/3. [PMID:31254127]",""
"A0325","NCIT:C17961","Genomic DNA cytosine methylation (5-MC GDNA)","decreased 5-MC GDNA level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","DNA","We have shown in a large case-control study that leucocyte DNA hypomethylation is associated with increased risk of developing bladder cancer, and this association is independent of smoking and the other assessed risk factors. [PMID:18339581","Global methylation in genomic DNA could be a biomarker for the suseptibility to certain cancer types."
"A0329","UPKB:O94907","Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1)","increased DKK-1 level","diagnostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","DKK-1 expression index (EI) was found to increase in PIN and primary lesions compared to non-neoplastic tissue (106±10 vs. 19±6, respectively, where the EI is the product of the percent expression and staining intensity). DKK-1 expression was also found to be higher in all PCa metastatic lesions (56±21 EI) compared to non-neoplastic tissues but was significantly decreased vs. primary PCa lesions (p<0.008). The decline in DKK-1 correlated with a shift of beta-catenin staining from the nucleus to the cytoplasm suggesting possible mechanism for the observed decrease in DKK-1 levels during PCa progression. Within metastatic lesions, DKK-1 expression was least abundant in PCa bone metastases relative to all soft tissue PCa metastatic lesions except lymph node metastases. High DKK-1 expression within PCa metastases was further associated with shorter over-all patient survival. [PMID:18561248]","EDRN|Increased Dickkopf-1 expression"
"A0330","UPKB:P27487","Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4)","increased DPP-4 level","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","The serum DPP-IV concentration was measured in 171 male patients with PTC, 81 male patients with a benign thyroid nodule (BTN), and 52 male healthy controls (HCs). he ROC curve indicated a good performance of DPP-IV for discriminating PTC from BTN, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.881 (95% CI, 0.840-0.922). Serum DPP-IV demonstrated a modest performance in predicting nonstructurally persistent disease/recurrent disease (NSPRD) survival. [PMID:30594915]",""
"A0331","UPKB:O00533","Close homolog of L1 (CHL1)","increased CHL1 level","prognostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","CHL1 was found to have greater than 15-fold higher expression in fragments per kilobase million in HCC compared with benign Hurthle cell tumors. This was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Moreover, the immunoreactivity score of the CHL1 protein was significantly higher in HCC compared with benign Hürthle cell nodules. Moreover, the immunoreactivity score of the CHL1 protein was significantly higher in HCC compared with benign Hürthle cell nodules. CHL1 expression may represent a novel and useful prognostic biomarker to distinguish HCC from benign Hürthle cell disease. [PMID:30311656]","Increased expression of CHL1"
"A0332","UPKB:P06748","Nucleophosmin (NPM)","increased NPM level","diagnostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","In these cells, a positive correlation between NPM protein levels, but not mRNA, and proliferation state was detected. By using thyroid tumor cell lines, we demonstrated that such a post-mRNA regulation may depend on NPM binding to p-Akt, whose levels were found to be increased in the tumor cells, in parallel with reduction of PTEN. In conclusion, our present data demonstrate for the first time that nucleophosmin is overexpressed in thyroid tumors, as an early event of thyroid tumorigenesis. [PMID:20515654]","Overexpression of NPM"
"A0333","UPKB:P63261","Actin gamma 1 gene amplification (ACTG1)","presence of","prognostic","uterus (UN:0000995)","","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","gene","Given that ACTG1 and MYLK2 amplifications or overexpression were consistently observed in uterine cancers, we sought to analyze their potential as uterine cancer biomarkers. We found that patients with ACTG1 gains in the UCEC cohort, relative to those without, had a worse prognosis, while patients with MYLK2 gains did not. Based on Kaplan-Meier curves, ACTG1 gains predicted significantly shorter overall survival (p-value = 6.198 × 10-4). [PMID:33217970]","Overexpression or amplification of ACTG1"
"A0334","UPKB:Q92597","Differentiation-related gene 1 protein (NDRG1)","Increased NDRG1 level","diagnostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","Increase in the expression of BTF3, HINT1, NDRG1 and ODC1 in malignant cores, diagnosed by histopathology, compared to non-malignant cores (p<0.0001, Mann Whitney U test). These results identify BTF3, HINT1, NDRG1 and ODC1 as proteins that are overexpressed in prostate cancer. NDRG1 could be a useful protein biomarker for prostate cancer. [PMID:24386364]",""
"A0335","UPKB:P04626","Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 (ERBB2)","increased ERBB2 level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank statistics) revealed a significant association of increasing expression of c-erbB-2 with shorter disease-free (P =. 0023) and overall survival (P =.0160). High amounts of p185 were significantly associated with a high expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) (P <.010), uPA-receptor (P =.030), type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) (P <.010), type-2 PAI (P =.021), cathepsin D (P =.036), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (P =. 024), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (P =.025), and alpha-2-macroglobulin (P =.017). Multivariate analysis considering these proteases/protease inhibitors, in addition to alpha-1-antitrypsin, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen, alpha-2-antiplasmin, and antithrombin III, and established prognostic parameters revealed that, in addition to surgical curability, pT stage, pN stage, and PAI-1, c-erbB-2 is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of curatively resected patients (n = 139; P =.049; relative risk, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.67) and all patients (P =.028; relative risk 1.33; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.38). [PMID:10829039]","EDRN biomarker|Overexpression of c-erbB-2 gene"
"A0336","UPKB:O00559","Receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1)","increased RCAS1 level","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","Uterine cancer patients had significantly higher serum RCAS1 concentrations than did healthy women. The RCAS1 level was dramatically reduced in patients who had a positive response to treatment; however, the RCAS1 value increased in patients whose tumors clearly grew (P= 0.0007 and P= 0.0008, respectively) (Fig. 3). [PMID:16842844]","Higher serum RCAS1 concentration"
"A0337","UPKB:P21802","Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene amplification (FGFR2)","presence of","predictive","stomach (UN:0000945)","48972-4","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","Amplification of the FGFR2 gene was identified in a subset of Chinese and Caucasian patients with gastric cancer. [PMID:23493349]","FDA approved biomarker|UPKB:P21802"
"A0338","UPKB:P08581","Hepatocyte growth factor receptor gene copy number (MET)","increased copy number","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","In 216 assessable patients, MET CNG five or more copies and homozygous HGF-truncated DATE occurred in 21 patients (10%) and 30 patients (13%), respectively. Patients with MET CNG five or more copies (MET-positive) showed significantly worse prognosis with multivariate hazard ratio (HR) of 3.02 (95% CI, 1.71 to 5.33; P < .001) for DFS and multivariate HR of 2.91 (95% CI, 1.65 to 5.11; P < .001) for OS. [PMID:22042954]","FDA approved biomarker|UPKB:P08581"
"A0339","UPKB:P42336","Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform gene amplification (PIK3CA)","presence of","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","63419-6","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","PIK3CA mutations and amplification were found in 8/113 (7.1%) and 88/131 (67%) gastric cancer patients, respectively. Our data showed that PIK3CA mutations were not common, but its amplification was very common in gastric cancer and may be a major mechanism in activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in gastric cancer. Importantly, Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that PIK3CA amplification was significantly positively associated with poor survival of gastric cancer patients. In the present study, a high prevalence of PIK3CA amplification was found in gastric cancer, which was significantly associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. [PMID:22292935]","FDA approved biomarker|Amplification and mutation of PIK3CA gene|UPKB:P42336"
"A0340","UPKB:Q99572","P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2RX7)","decreased P2RX7 level","diagnostic","uterus (UN:0000995)","","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","The P2X7 is expressed predominantly in the epithelial components of the uterus, (a) Levels of the P2X(7) are lower in uterine epithelial cancer tissues than in the corresponding normal tissues. (b) The data suggest that tissue P2X(7) mRNA and protein levels could be used as a novel biomarker to differentiate normal and cancer uterine epithelial tissues. Uterine epithelial cancerous lesions lack expression of the P2X7. [PMID:17035398]","Decreased P2X(7) expression"
"A0341","UPKB:Q92876","Kallikrein-6 (KLK6)","increased KLK6 level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","In contrast, serum and plasma hK6 values in USPC patients (6.1 +/- 1.1) were significantly higher than those in the noncancer group (P = 0.006), benign group (P = 0.003), and endometrioid carcinoma patients (P = 0.005). [PMID:15867230]","High levels of expression of hK6 gene"
"A0342","MRB:MI0000466","miRNA-9-1 gene hypermethylation (MIR-9-1)","presence of","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","These findings attest to oncosuppressive role of the studied microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) in the pathogenesis and progress of ovarian cancer and indicated their prognostic potential. [PMID:29313235]",""
"A0344","UPKB:Q16610","Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1)","increased EMC1 level","diagnostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","gene","By cDNA array analysis, ADAMTS8, ECM1, MMP8, PLAU, SELP, and TMPRSS4 were upregulated, and by quantitative PCR, ECM1, SELP, and TMPRSS4 mRNA expression was higher in malignant (n = 57) than in benign (n = 38) thyroid neoplasms. Combining both markers improved their diagnostic use (AUC 0.985; sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 89.8%; positive predictive value, 85.7%; negative predictive value, 82.8%). ECM1 and TMPRSS4 expression analysis improved the diagnostic accuracy of FNA biopsy in 35 of 38 indeterminate or suspicious results. [PMID:16135921]","Upregulation of EMC1"
"A0345","","ALU repeat 115 (ALU115)","increased ALU115 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","DNA","The results of Mann-Whitney U testing (Figure 1) showed that the median serum ALU115 level and ALU247/115 index of the patients newly diagnosed with BC were 1083.66 ng per mL (342.87 to 2248.42 ng/mL) and 1.81 ng per mL (0.52 to 3.95 ng/mL), respectively. These values were significantly higher than those in patients with benign mammary hyperplasia: 145.87 ng per mL (87.45 to 357.92 ng/mL) and 0.33 ng per mL (0.26 to 0.55 ng/mL) and healthy controls: 228.19 ng per mL (123.47 to 597.1 ng/mL) and 0.48 ng/mL (0.21 to 0.55 ng/mL) (both P <.001). [PMID:29701836]","Also a diagnostic biomarker"
"A0346","UPKB:P05093","CYP17 A2 allele polymorphism (CYP17A2)","presence of","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","77057-8","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","Our data indicate that the CYP17 A2 allele polymorphism may confer an increased risk and can provide a biomarker for ovarian cancer patients in whom no mutations in the BRCA genes are observed. [PMID:16783967]","Specimen type is white blood cell (CL_0000738)|UPKB:P05093"
"A0347","UPKB:P19440","Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)","increased GGT level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","2324-2","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","Women with higher pre-treatment GGT serum levels showed impaired Overall Survival (OS) compared to women with normal low levels. Higher pre-treatment GGT serum levels were independently associated with unfavorable prognosis in women with ULMS. Thus, GGT seems to be a useful novel biomarker in ULMS. [PMID:27646551]",""
"A0348","UPKB:P28065","Proteasome subunit beta type 9 (PSMB9)","decreased PSMB9 level","diagnostic","uterus (UN:0000995)","","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","The immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments, performed separately at several medical facilities, revealed a serious loss in the ability to induce PSMB9/beta1i expression in human uterine LMS tissues in comparison with normal human myometrium tissues located in same tissue sections. [PMID:28482675]","Uterine leiomyosarcoma tissue (UN:0000459)|Loss in expression of PSMB9/Beta1i"
"A0349","UPKB:P25106","Atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3)","increased ACKR3 level","prognostic","esophagus (UN:0001043)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","High CXCR7 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with EAC, and high expression of CXCR7 with its ligand CXCL12 had a stronger association with prognosis. High CXCR7 expression was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion (present vs absent, P = 0.005) and higher number of lymph node metastases (pN0-1 vs pN2-3, P = 0.0014). [PMID:33709176]","Alternative CXCR7"
"A0350","UPKB:P48061","Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12)","increased CXCR12 level","prognostic","esophagus (UN:0001043)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","Immunohistochemistry revealed positive CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression in 48 (61 %) and 62 (78 %) patients, respectively. The MIB-1 proliferation index was markedly higher in ESCC with a positive expression of CXCR4 or CXCL12. [PMID:27439769]",""
"A0351","UPKB:Q9NS71","Gastrokine 1 (GNK1)","decreased GNK1 level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","The present study investigated GNK1 expression in different mucosa biopsy specimens from gastric cancer, cancer-adjacent lesions, atrophic gastritis and normal control subjects (superficial gastritis patients). We found that GKN1 mRNA expression was progressively downregulated from corresponding distant non-tumour tissues to tumour tissues, and was lower than in the control tissues of both groups. This suggested that low or absent expression of GKN1 may contribute to gastric carcinogenesis. This is consistent with a previous study that demonstrated decreased GKN1 expression in gastric cancer tissues. In addition, we analysed GKN1 expression in two types of gastric cancer and found that the mRNA level of GKN1 was lower in patients with diffuse type gastric cancer. This indicates that GKN1 may be related to tumour classification. [PMID:25469040]","GKN1 was expressed differently in gastric cancer and normal gastric tissue, and it may be related to the tumour classification. The results provide a better understanding of the role of GKN1 in the development of gastric cancer|Low expression of gastrokine 1 mRNA."
"A0352","UPKB:P35398","Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha gene promoter methylation (RORA)","increased methylation","diagnostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","When considering progressive stages, 2 patterns were evident: (1) type 1 markers, showing consistently high levels of methylation in both gastric dysplasia and cancer (MINT25 and GDNF); (2) type 2 markers, showing high levels of methylation in early gastric cancer and gastric dysplasia but decreased levels in advanced gastric cancer (RORA, ADAM23, PRDM5, and MLF1). Of interest, use of the type 2 markers showed higher methylation levels in gastric dysplasia than in advanced gastric cancer (P < .001), which is consistent with our studies in ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. RORA and MINT25 were more hypermethylated in intestinal type GCs than those of diffuse type GCs, whereas CDH1 showed opposite patterns of methylation. [PMID:19375421]","UPKB:P35398"
"A0353","UPKB:P35354","Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)","increased COX-2 level","prognostic","uterus (UN:0000995)","49476-5","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","COX-2 overexpression was noted in one third of the cases in both early and advanced stage disease. These patients fared significantly worse than those without COX-2 overexpression. [PMID:15589595]","Since this is the first report of the prognostic role of COX-2 expression in uterine carcinosarcoma, results should be interpreted with caution and validated in a larger series. COX-2 overexpression."
"A0354","UPKB:Q8IVL1","Neuron navigator-2 (NAV2)","increased NAV2 level","prognostic","uterus (UN:0000995)","","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","The presence of any degree of NAV2, assessed in 159 of these patients who had informative cores, was significantly related to shorter Overall Survival (OS) (p = 0.037; Fig. 2a). Expression was analyzed for association with clinicopathologic parameters and survival. TGLN (p < 0.001), NAV2 (p < 0.001), and FABP3 (p = 0.005) were overexpressed in LMS compared to LG-ESS, whereas nuclear CCND2 (p < 0.001) was overexpressed in LG-ESS. NAV2 and CCND2 are novel candidate prognostic markers in LMS and LG-ESS, respectively. [PMID:28643014]","NAV2 expression"
"A0355","UPKB:P30279","Cyclin D2 (CCND2)","increased CCND2 level","prognostic","uterus (UN:0000995)","","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","The presence of nuclear CCND2 expression in >10% tumor cells, assessed in 62 of these patients who had informative cores, was significantly related to longer Overall Survival (OS) (p = 0.012; Fig. 2b). TGLN (p < 0.001), NAV2 (p < 0.001), and FABP3 (p = 0.005) were overexpressed in LMS compared to LG ESS, whereas nuclear CCND2 (p < 0.001) was overexpressed in LG-ESS. NAV2 expression was associated with shorter overall survival in patients with LMS (p = 0.037), whereas nuclear CCND2 expression in LG-ESS was significantly related to longer survival (p = 0.012) in univariate analysis. Nuclear CCND2 expression was an independent prognosticator in Cox multivariate analysis (p = 0.023). In conclusion, TGLN, FABP3, NAV2, and nuclear CCND2 aid in differentiating LG-ESS from LMS. NAV2 and CCND2 are novel candidate prognostic markers in LMS and LG-ESS, respectively. [PMID:28643014]","CCND2 expression"
"A0356","UPKB:Q01995","Transgelin (TAGLN)","increased TAGLN level","diagnostic","smooth muscle tissue (UN:0001135)","","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","For the diagnosis of leiomyosarcomas versus all other sarcomas including GIST, transgelin emerged as the best diagnostic marker with 83% Se, 82% Sp, a PPV of 67%, a NPV of 92% and an accuracy rate of 83%. [PMID:23174934]","immunohistochemical detection of TAGLN|expression of TAGLN|22 kDa actin-binding protein|Protein WS3-10|Smooth muscle protein 22-alpha|SM22-alpha"
"A0357","UPKB:Q9NV31","Insulin-like growth factor II messenger RNA-binding protein-3 (IMP3)","increased IMP3 level","prognostic","uterus (UN:0000995)","","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","IMP3 expression was predominantly found in endometrial serous carcinoma and its putative precursor lesions, with 3 (14%) of 21 endometrial glandular dysplasia, 16 (89%) of 18 serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma, and 48 (94%) of 51 serous carcinomas (P<0.001). We conclude that expression of IMP3, a newly identified cytoplasmic marker, is closely associated with type II endometrial cancer. It seems that IMP3 expression is associated with an aggressive histologic phenotype among endometrial neoplastic lesions. Strong and diffuse IMP3 expression is highly sensitive for endometrial serous and clear cell carcinomas including their putative precursor lesions. Therefore, IMP3 may be a useful diagnostic marker in the assessment of endometrial cancers and their precursor lesions, particularly when the amount of available tissue material is limited and a concern of type II cancer arises. [PMID:18223334]","PMID: 29077232 supports IMP3 as a diagnostic biomarker|High expression of IMP3|Also diagnostic biomarker."
"A0358","","MINT25 gene promoter methylation (MINT25)","increased methylation","diagnostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","MINT25 methylation had the best sensitivity (90%), specificity (96%), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.961) in terms of tumor detection in gastric washes. These findings suggest MINT25 is a sensitive and specific marker for screening in gastric cancer. Aberrant DNA methylation is an early and frequent process in gastric carcinogenesis and could be useful for detection of gastric neoplasia. We hypothesized that methylation analysis of DNA recovered from gastric washes could be used to detect gastric cancer. [PMID:19375421]","No current UniProtKB record for MINT25|Possible synonym: APBA25|Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 25"
"A0359","UPKB:P08473","Cluster of differentiation 10 (CD10)","increased CD10 level","diagnostic","uterus (UN:0000995)","51214-5","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","Uterine Adenosarcoma (UAS) with sarcomatous overgrowth stained strongly positive in five of eight (63%) cases. Pattern of strong positivity was focal in four of five (80%). These findings suggest that CD10 can be used to differentiate UAS from cellular leiomyoma, or in case endometrial stromal cells exhibit muscle differentiation. Furthermore, CD10 positivity in recurrent UAS might guide the pathologist toward an endometrial stromal origin. [PMID:15571618] CD10 is a reliable and sensitive immunohistochemical marker of normal endometrial stroma. Positivity, which is often strong and/or diffuse is found in endometrial stromal nodules and low-grade ESS. Positive staining with CD10, when strong and diffuse, may be useful in distinguishing these tumours from histological mimics, especially cellular leiomyoma and AGCT which are generally negative. There was positive staining of all low-grade Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). [PMID:11532038]","CD10 antigen positivity measured|Synonym: Neprilysin, CD10 antigen"
"A0360","UPKB:Q9NZQ7","Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (CD274)","increased CD274 level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","Based on our established CTC detection platform, CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood samples collected from 70 patients (38 resectable and 32 unresectable) with GC using magnetic positive selection and a CSV-specific monoclonal antibody, 84-1. CSV+ PD-L1+ CTCs were observed in 50 of 70 (71%) GC patient samples, ranging from 0 to 261 mL-1. A higher number of CSV+ PD-L1+ CTCs were significantly associated with a short survival duration and poor therapeutic response. This study demonstrated that detection of PD-L1+ CTCs using a CSV-enrichment method has promising value as a clinically relevant prognostic marker for GC. [PMID:31981446] We found that inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors or small interfering RNAs increased the levels of PD-L1 in cultured gastric cancer cells and in xenografts. Mechanistically, autophagy inhibition led to the accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 and activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kB, in which NF-kB inhibition or p62/SQSTM1 knockdown attenuated PD-L1 induction by autophagy inhibition. Immunohistochemical staining of primary tumor tissues of 137 patients with gastric cancer showed that LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 protein levels were positively correlated with PD-L1 (LC3, p < 0.001; p62/SQSTM1, p < 0.05). The expression of PD-L1 was also positively correlated with tumor lymphocyte infiltration (p < 0.001). We discovered that autophagy regulates PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer through the p62/SQSTM1-NF-kB pathway. Pharmacological modulation of autophagy may thus influence the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in gastric cancer. [PMID:30925913]",""
"A0360","UPKB:Q9NZQ7","Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (CD274)","increased CD274 level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","Among the 150 samples, 66 (44%) expressed PDL1 expression in the tumor cell surface, and a significant association was between the PDL1 expression and the high graded tumors [PMID:31653140] PD-L1 expression predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell carcinomas (RCC), but has also been suggested to be linked to poor patient outcome. [PMID:33797012]",""
"A0361","UPKB:P56211","cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19 (ARPP-19)","increased ARPP-19 level","diagnostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","We observed ARPP-19 was up-regulated in Herceptin resistance gastric cancer cells NCI-N87-HR and MKN45-HR. The forced expression of ARPP-19 promoted, whereas the silencing of ARPP-19 impaired Herceptin resistance of HER2-positive gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ARPP-19 significantly enhanced the sphere formation capacity and CD44 expression, CD44 was also a positive factor of Herceptin resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer cells. In addition, high level of ARPP-19 was positively associated with Herceptin resistance and poor survival rate of gastric cancer patients. We have demonstrated that ARPP-19 promoted Herceptin resistance of gastric cancer via up-regulation of CD44, our study suggested that ARPP-19 could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic candidate for HER2-positive gastric cancer. [PMID:32753897]","Upregulation of ARPP-19"
"A0362","UPKB:P52630","Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2)","increased STAT2 level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","The data demonstrated that eight genes associated with ApoE were differentially expressed, with six of these upregulated and two downregulated. Functionally, these genes were involved in the JAK-STAT cascade, acute-phase response, acute inflammatory response, and the steroid hormone response. Among these ApoE-associated genes, expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) and STAT3 transcription factors was upregulated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the network of ApoE-related genes and transcription factors in gastric cancer. Additional studies are required in order to confirm these data and to translate the results into the identification of clinical biomarkers and novel treatment strategies for gastric cancer. [PMID: 26622669]","diagnostic marker too|upregulation of STAT2|p113"
"A0363","UPKB:P40763","Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT3)","increased STAT3 level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","The data demonstrated that eight genes associated with ApoE were differentially expressed, with six of these upregulated and two downregulated. Functionally, these genes were involved in the JAK-STAT cascade, acute-phase response, acute inflammatory response, and the steroid hormone response. Among these ApoE-associated genes, expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) and STAT3 transcription factors was upregulated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the network of ApoE-related genes and transcription factors in gastric cancer. Additional studies are required in order to confirm these data and to translate the results into the identification of clinical biomarkers and novel treatment strategies for gastric cancer. [PMID: 26622669]","Diagnostic marker too; upregulation of STAT3"
"A0364","UPKB:Q02487","Desmocollin-2 (DSC2)","increased DSC2 level","diagnostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Genes expressed only in cancer tissue, and especially on the cell membrane, will be useful molecular markers for diagnosis and may also be good therapeutic targets. To identify genes that encode transmembrane proteins present in GC, we generated Escherichia coli ampicillin secretion trap (CAST) libraries from two GC cell lines and normal stomach. By sequencing 4320 colonies from CAST libraries, we identified 30 candidate genes that encode transmembrane proteins present in GC. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of these candidates revealed that ZDHHC14, BST2, DRAM2, and DSC2 were expressed much more highly in GC than in 14 kinds of normal tissues. Among these, DSC2 encodes desmocollin 2, which is one of three known desmocollins. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that 22 (28%) of 80 GC cases were positive for desmocollin 2, and desmocollin 2 expression was observed frequently in GC with the intestinal mucin phenotype. Furthermore, desmocollin 2 expression was correlated with CDX2 expression. These results suggest that expression of desmocollin 2, induced by CDX2, may be a key regulator for GC with the intestinal mucin phenotype. Our results provide a list of genes that have high potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for GC. [PMID:20527021]","Overexpression of DSC2"
"A0365","UPKB:P31260","Homeobox protein HOXA10 (HOXA10)","increased HOXA10 level","diagnostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","HOXA10 expression was obviously increased in gastric cancer tissues and cells when compared with the normal gastric tissue samples and cells. Upregulation of HOXA10 significantly enhanced cell proliferation, cloning formation and tumorigenesis abilities and reduced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer, and promoted the activation of JAK1/STAT3 signaling. [PMID:31406476]",""
"A0366","UPKB:Q6UX06","Olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4)","decreased OLFM4 level","diagnostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","Our study suggests that depletion of OLFM4 significantly inhibits tumorigenicity of the gastric cancer SGC-7901 and MKN45 cells. Blocking OLFM4 expression can sensitize gastric cancer cells to H2O2 or TNF alpha treatment by increasing caspase-3 dependent apoptosis. The elimination of OLFM4 protein by RNA interference in SGC-7901 and MKN45 cells significantly inhibits tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo by induction of cell G1 arrest (all P < 0.01). OLFM4 knockdown did not trigger obvious cell apoptosis but increased H2O2 or TNF alpha-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activity (all P < 0.01). [PMID:22471589]",""
"A0367","UPKB:Q12864","Cadherin-17 (CDH17)","increased CDH17 level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","Expression of CDH17 or MUC13 correlated with patient survival in the test and validation sets. Multivariate analysis showed that CDH17 was an independent prognostic factor in patients with stage I or node-negative disease. Expression of CDH17 and MUC13 was up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues. CDH17 is a promising prognostic marker for early stage gastric cancer. [PMID:20398667]",""
"A0368","RNAC:URS0000D3E92F","Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1)","increased PVT1 level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","RNA","Compared with paracancerous tissues, the expression of PVT1 and miR-125 was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues. There were no significant differences in the expression level of PVT1 between gastric cancer patients of different genders and ages. The higher the gastric cancer staging was, the more obvious the expression level of PVT1 in the tissues of patients with gastric cancer was, and the more obvious the expression of PVT1 in the tissues of patients with gastric lymph node metastasis was. [PMID:31966056]",""
"A0370","UPKB:Q99873","Protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1)","decreased PRMT1 level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","Nuclear PRMT1 IHC expression was seen in all samples of the renal parenchyma used as a positive control. PRMT1 expression together with low-nuclear tumor grade and stage were significantly associated with better cancer-specific survival (p = 0.029). Patients who died of clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) showed homogenous loss of PRMT1 in 44.7%. [PMID:31655611] Taken together, our study revealed a PRMT1-dependent epigenetic mechanism in the control of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumor growth and drug resistance, indicating PRMT1 may serve as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in ccRCC patients. [PMID:33859753]",""
"A0371","UPKB:O60356","Nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1)","increased NUPR1 level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","NUPR1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in ccRCC cells and cancer tissues compared with HK-2 cells (human renal cortex/proximal tubular epithelial cells) and adjacent normal kidney tissues. High NUPR1 mRNA level in primary tumors was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). [PMID:34030133] Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong expression of NUPR1 in the nuclei of renal proximal tubules of injured human kidney allografts, but not in those of stable allografts. Taken together, these results suggest that epithelial expression of NUPR1 has a protective role in response to injury after renal transplant and, presumably, in other forms of acute tubular damage. [PMID:27451286]",""
"A0372","UPKB:O60832","H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit (DKC1)","increased DKC1 level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","High DKC1 expression was detected in 61.3% ccRCC tissues and 34.7% paracancerous tissues. ccRCC patients with high DKC1 expression were correlated with greater unfavorable 5-year overall and disease-specific survival than the rest of the patients with low DKC1 expression (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). [PMID:29901172]",""
"A0373","UPKB:Q8WTV0","Scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1)","increased SCARB1 level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","The expression of SR-BI was significantly increased in ccRCC tissues compared with normal matched tissues. Patients with tumors that expressed high levels of SR-BI had a shorter PFS survival (P = 0.0062). [PMID:29357836] Our findings demonstrate that hSR-BII, and to a lesser extent hSR-BI, significantly increase LPS-induced inflammation and contribute to LPS-induced tissue injury in the liver and kidney, two major organs susceptible to LPS toxicity. [PMID:26936883]",""
"A0374","UPKB:Q96PU8","Protein quaking (QKI)","decreased QKI level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","The relative expression level of QKI-5 was significantly lower in the tumor tissues than it was in their noncancerous counterparts (P < 0.01). Decreased QKI-5 expression significantly correlated with poorer overall survival in ccRCC patients. [PMID:27767378] Our results revealed that downregulation of QKI-5 by miR-200c attenuated KIRC migration and invasion via the EMT process, indicating that QKI-5 may be a potential therapeutic target and a key indicator of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) progression. [PMID:34804823]",""
"A0375","UPKB:O94875","Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 2 (SORBS2)","decreased SORBS2 level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","There was significantly lower expression of SORBS2 protein in metastatic tissues than that in primary tissues and normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that patients with low SORBS2 had a poorer overall survival than those belonging to high SORBS2 levels in ccRCC. [PMID:33311452] KCNQ1OT1 and SORBS2 were elevated in DN. Both knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 and silencing of SORBS2 restrained proliferation and fibrosis and induced apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) cells. [PMID:32905431]",""
"A0376","","Piwi-interacting RNA piR-57125 (piR-57125)","decreased piR-57125 level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","RNA","piR-57125 was lower in metastatic primary tumors compared to non-metastatic primary tumors. Metastasis was the decisive factor for overall survival. Backward elimination approach of multivariate Cox regression with all clinicopathological factors and piRNAs showed that, piR-30924 and piR-57125 remained significant variables for metastasis. [PMID:26071182] Expression of piR-57125 was downregulated in ccRCC tissues compared to the normal tissue. [PMID:34732692]",""
"A0377","UPKB:O00425","Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3)","increased IGF2BP3 level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","IMP3 concentration was significantly elevated in plasma samples of tumor patients compared to healthy controls (p=0.015). IMP3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) tissues compared to tumor neighboring normal tissues (p=0.001). high IMP3 plasma concentration was an independent risk factor of Overall Survival, OS, (p=0.002) and DSS (p=0.039) and elevated IMP3 mRNA expression levels were independently associated with poor DSS (p=0.047). [PMID:30650187] IMP3 promotes RCC cell migration and invasion by activation of NF-kB pathway. IMP3 is validated to be an independent prognostic marker for localized CCRCC. [PMID:25919292]",""
"A0378","UPKB:P02654","Apolipoprotein C-I (APOC1)","increased APOC1 level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","It was firstly found that concentration of APOC1 in serum was significantly higher in GC than that in control. Expression of APOC1 protein was also higher in GC than that in adjacent issues of GC and normal tissues using tissues array by immunohistochemistry. [PMID:31555694]","Also a diagnostic biomarker"
"A0379","UPKB:P51164","Potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta (ATP4B)","decreased ATP4B level","diagnostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","ATP4B expression was decreased in human GC tissues and cell lines associated with DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 at its intragenic region close to the transcriptional start site. [PMID:28281974]",""
"A0380","UPKB:P17844","Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase (DDX5)","increased DDX5 level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","In this study, we observed that DDX5 was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with the paired adjacent normal tissues. The expression of DDX5 correlated strongly with Ki67 index and pathological stage of gastric cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that knockdown of DDX5 inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and xenografts growth, whereas ectopic expression of DDX5 promoted these cellular functions. [PMID:28216662]","Also a diagnostic biomarker"
"A0381","UPKB:Q9NZR2","Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B gene mutation (LRP1B)","increased mutation","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","LRP1B is one of the top 10 genes with high gene mutation frequency in gastric cancer. The mutation status of LRP1B in gastric cancer patients was significantly correlated with age and TP53 and MUC16 mutation status. The result of ROC curve analysis revealed that the mutation status of LRP1B could be considered as an indicator of the degree of TMB in patients with gastric cancer. [PMID:34603481]","Also a diagnostic biomarker|UPKB:Q9NZR2"
"A0382","UPKB:P07203","Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1)","increased GPX1 level","diagnostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","LP15611-4","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","Bioinformatics analysis found that high expression of GPX1 was positively correlated with tumor stage, distant metastasis and lymphatic metastasis. ROC curve analysis found that high expression of GPX1 could effectively distinguish ccRCC from normal individuals. [PMID:31844035]",""
"A0383","UPKB:O60271","C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 4 (SPAG9)","increased SPAG9 level","diagnostic","skin epidermis (UN:0001003)","","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","protein","SPAG9 was upregulated in NMSC when compared with normal skin. In conclusion, SPAG9 is expressed in NMSC cases. [PMID:25033008]",""
"A0384","UPKB: P22607","Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)","decreased FGFR3 level","prognostic","urinary bladder (UN:0001255)","LP19706-8","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","gene","Low FGFR3 expression level was associated with high-grade tumors and cancer progression (P=0.006 and P=0.001), whereas FGFR3 mutation status was not associated with cancer progression. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a similar result (log-rank, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified low FGFR3 expression level (odds ratio, 3.300; 95% confidence interval, 1.310-8.313; P=0.011) as an independent predictor of cancer progression. [PMID:28927152]",""
"A0385","UPKB:Q9NY43","BarH-like 2 homeobox protein gene methylation (BARHL2)","increased methylation","diagnostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","High levels of BARHL2 methylation were detected in three of seven GC cell lines; consistent with this, these cell lines expressed low levels of BARHL2. Treatment of these cell lines with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored BARHL2 expression. Levels of BARHL2 methylation in 18 normal and 14 atrophic gastritis samples were low irrespective of Helicobacter pylori infection. High levels of BARHL2 methylation were observed in gastric wash-derived DNA obtained from early GC patients before endoscopic resection (ER), but methylation was significantly lower after curative ER. Analysis using gastric juice derived exoDNA samples revealed that BARHL2 methylation yielded an area under the curve of 0.923 with 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity with respect to discriminating GC patients from non-GC controls. [PMID:27441821]","UPKB:Q9NY43"
"A0386","UPKB:O60609","GDNF family receptor alpha-3 gene promoter methylation (GFRA3)","increased methylation","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","The different DNA methylation clusters of the tumors and normal tissue indicate that aberrant DNA methylation is a distinct feature of gastric cancer, although there is little difference in the overall, and low, methylation levels between the two tissue types. The GFRA3 promoter region showed marked hypermethylation in almost all tumors, and its correlation with survival and other clinicopathological parameters may have important prognostic significance. [PMID:26984265]","UPKB:O60609"
"A0388","UPKB:P22352","Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3)","decreased GXP3 level","diagnostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","Downregulation or silencing of GPX3 was detected in 8 of 9 cancer cell lines, 83% (90/108) gastric cancers samples, as compared to non-tumor adjacent normal gastric samples (P<0.0001). Examination of GPX3 promoter demonstrated DNA hypermethylation (= 10% methylation level determined by Bisulfite Pyrosequencing) in 6 of 9 cancer cell lines and 60% of gastric cancer samples (P = 0.007). We also detected a significant loss of DNA copy number of GPX3 in gastric cancers (P<0.001). [PMID:23071548]",""
"A0389","RNAC:URS000075B42D","Long noncoding RNA SNHG5 (SNHG5)","increased SNHG5 level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","RNA","SNHG5 expression was found to be remarkably increased in ccRCC samples. [PMID:32281285] SNHG5 expression levels were significantly increased in ccRCC tissues compared to those in non-tumor tissue. Inhibition of SNHG5 expression significantly reduced invasion ability and increased apoptosis rate of 786-O RCC cells infected with shR-NA-SNHG5. [PMID:32194916]",""
"A0390","UPKB:P38398|UPKB:P51587","BRACAnalysis CDx ovarian cancer germline BRCA1, BRCA2 mutations panel","presence of","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","21636-6","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","Panel of identified gene predictive biomarkers (mutations) in ovarian cancer patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA variants. The genes are BRCA1 (UPKB:P38398), BRCA2 (UPKB:P51587).","FTCID:P140020|NCT00753544|UPKB:P38398|UPKB:P51587"
"A0391","UPKB:P01116|UPKB:P12645|UPKB:Q9ULP0|NA","Cologuard colorectal cancer KRAS, BMP3, NDRG4 panel","presence of","diagnostic","feces (UN:0001988)","77354-9","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","gene","Panel of identified gene and protein alterations in colorectal cancer to screen adults of either sex, 50 years or older, who are at typical average risk for CRC. The genes are KRAS (UPKB:P01116), BMP3 (UPKB:P12645), NDRG4 (UPKB:Q9ULP0), and the hemoglobin (HBB) protein.","FTCID:P130017|NCT01260168|UPKB:P01116|UPKB:P12645|UPKB:Q9ULP0"
"A0392","UPKB:Q9Y2D5|UPKB:P63010|UPKB:Q9BXH1|UPKB:O95388|NA|UPKB:P08572|UPKB:Q9NRP2|UPKB:P30038|UPKB:Q9NZJ0|UPKB:P27707|UPKB:Q14566|UPKB:Q9NQ30|UPKB:O75521|UPKB:Q16394|UPKB:O76093|UPKB:O96020|UPKB:P21266|UPKB:P49915|UPKB:P19086|UPKB:O14777|UPKB:P49450|UPKB:P24593|UPKB:Q14680|UPKB:P14780|UPKB:Q9GZW8|UPKB:Q5JRX3|UPKB:P48645|UPKB:Q9Y5N6|UPKB:P53816|UPKB:Q9H8V3|UPKB:O43663|UPKB:Q9NRW1|UPKB:P35249|UPKB:Q9NQ36|UPKB:Q9GZT9|UPKB:O75920|UPKB:P11169|UPKB:P55809|UPKB:Q86VY4|UPKB:Q8IYR6|UPKB:Q9BQW3|UPKB:P10600|UPKB:Q9Y5K5|UPKB:P17948","MammaPrint breast cancer 70-gene expression profile panel","expression level","risk","breast (UN:0000310)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","gene","Gene expression signature profile (measured by calculating the cosinor correlation of the sample expression profile to a template, (the mean expression profile of 44 tumors with a known good clinical outcome), and by determining the 70-gene molecular profile of the sample (Low Risk, High Risk) for breast cancer  recurrence. The genes are AKAP2 (UPKB:Q9Y2D5), AP2B1 (UPKB:P63010), BBC3 (UPKB:Q9BXH1), CCN4 (UPKB:O95388), Clone HQ0310 PRO0310p1 (HQ0310), COL4A2 (UPKB:P08572), CMC2 (UPKB:Q9NRP2), ALDH4A1 (UPKB:P30038), DTL (UPKB:Q9NZJ0), DCK (UPKB:P27707), MCM6 (UPKB:Q14566), ESM1 (UPKB:Q9NQ30), ECI2 (UPKB:O75521), EXT1 (UPKB:Q16394), Expressed sequence tag (EST6), Expressed sequence tag (EST7), Expressed sequence tag (EST8), Expressed sequence tag (EST9), Expressed sequence tag (EST10), Expressed sequence tag (EST11), Expressed sequence tag (EST12), Expressed sequence tag (EST13), Expressed sequence tag (EST14), Expressed sequence tag (EST15), Expressed sequence tag (EST1), Expressed sequence tag (EST3), Expressed sequence tag (EST4), Expressed sequence tag (EST5), Expressed sequence tag (EST2), FGF18 (UPKB:O76093), CCNE2 (UPKB:O96020), GSTPK, GSTM3 (UPKB:P21266), GMPS (UPKB:P49915), GNAZ (UPKB:P19086), HEC (UPKB:O14777), CENPA (UPKB:P49450), Homo sapiens mRNA cDNA DKFZp434C0931 (from clone DKFZp434C0931) partial cds (DKFZp434C0931mRNA, Hypothetical protein DKFZp564D0462 (DKFZp564D0462), Hypothetical protein FLJ11190 (FLJ11190), Hypothetical protein FLJ11354 (FLJ11354), Hypothetical protein FLJ12443 (FLJ12443), Hypothetical protein FLJ22477 (FLJ22477), IGFBP5 (UPKB:P24593), MELK (UPKB:Q14680), MMP9 (UPKB:P14780), CFFM4 (UPKB:Q9GZW8), MP1 (UPKB:Q5JRX3), NMU (UPKB:P48645), ORC6 (UPKB:Q9Y5N6), PLAAT3 (UPKB:P53816), ECT2 (UPKB:Q9H8V3), PRC1 (UPKB:O43663), RAB6B (UPKB:Q9NRW1), RFC4 (UPKB:P35249), Ser-Thr protein kinase related to the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase, SCUBE2 (UPKB:Q9NQ36), SM20 (UPKB:Q9GZT9), SERF1A (UPKB:O75920), SLC2A3 (UPKB:P11169), OXCT1 (UPKB:P55809), TSPYL5 (UPKB:Q86VY4), TMEFF1 (UPKB:Q8IYR6), EBF4 (UPKB:Q9BQW3), TGFB3 (UPKB:P10600), UCHL5 (UPKB:Q9Y5K5), FLT1 (UPKB:P17948).","FTCID:K101454|UPKB:Q9Y2D5|UPKB:P63010|UPKB:Q9BXH1|UPKB:O95388|HQ0310|UPKB:P08572|UPKB:Q9NRP2|UPKB:P30038|UPKB:Q9NZJ0|UPKB:P27707|UPKB:Q14566|UPKB:Q9NQ30|UPKB:O75521|UPKB:Q16394|EST6|EST7|EST8|EST9|EST10|EST11|EST12|EST13|EST14|EST15|EST1|EST3|EST4|EST5|EST2|UPKB:O76093|UPKB:O96020|GSTPK|UPKB:P21266|UPKB:P49915|UPKB:P19086|UPKB:O14777|UPKB:P49450|DKFZp434C0931|DKFZp564D0462|FLJ11190|FLJ11354|FLJ12443|FLJ22477|UPKB:P24593|UPKB:Q14680|UPKB:P14780|UPKB:Q9GZW8|UPKB:Q5JRX3|UPKB:P48645|UPKB:Q9Y5N6|UPKB:P53816|UPKB:Q9H8V3|UPKB:O43663|UPKB:Q9NRW1|UPKB:P35249|Ser-Thr protein kinase related to the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase|UPKB:Q9NQ36|UPKB:Q9GZT9|UPKB:O75920|UPKB:P11169|UPKB:P55809|UPKB:Q86VY4|UPKB:Q8IYR6|UPKB:Q9BQW3|UPKB:P10600|UPKB:Q9Y5K5|UPKB:P17948"
"A0393","UPKB:P01116|UPKB:P01111","Praxis colorectal cancer extended KRAS, NRAS mutations panel","presence of","predictive","colon (UN:0001155)","81420-2","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","gene","Panel of identified KRAS (UPKB:P01116) and NRAS (UPKB:P01111) gene predictive biomarkers (mutations) in colorectal cancer.","FTCID:P160038|NCT00364013|UPKB:P01116|UPKB:P01111"
"A0394","UPKB:P38398|UPKB:P51587","FoundationFocus CDxBRCA ovarian cancer BRCA1, BRCA2 mutations panel","presence of","risk","ovary (UN:0000992)","94191-4","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","Panel of identified gene risk biomarkers (mutations) in ovarian cancer. The genes are BRCA1 (UPKB:P38398) and BRCA2 (UPKB:P51587).","FTCID:P160018|NCT01482715|UPKB:P38398|UPKB:P51587"
"A0395","UPKB:P08727|NA","GeneSearch breast cancer breast lymph node (BLN) MG, KRT19 expression panel","increased level","predictive","lymph node (UN:0000029)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","gene","Gene expression levels (measured by the Ct value determined when the fluorescent signal exceeds a pre-defined threshold limit. If the external controls are valid, then the Ct value for each gene marker in the patient sample is compared to marker-specific Ct cutoff values. Samples with Ct values less than or equal to one or both of the cutoff values for MG or CKi9 are considered positive. The Cutoff Ct values are as follows: MG < 31, CK19 < 30, Internal Control < 36.) for breast cancer metastasis. The genes are MG and KRT19 (UPKB:P08727).","FTCID:P060017|UPKB:P08727"
"A0396","UPKB:Q9UM73|UPKB:P11802|UPKB:Q16832|UPKB:Q02750|UPKB:P36507|UPKB:P00533|UPKB:P21802|UPKB:P22607|UPKB:P01112|UPKB:P01116|UPKB:P01111|UPKB:P08581|UPKB:P10721|UPKB:P42336|UPKB:P16234|UPKB:P07949|UPKB:P08922|UPKB:P31749|UPKB:P04049|UPKB:P04626|UPKB:P21860|UPKB:P15056|UPKB:P42345","Oncomine lung cancer Dx 23 target gene mutations panel","presence of","predictive","lung (UN:0002048)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","gene","Panel of identified gene predictive biomarkers (mutations) in lung cancer. The genes are ALK (UPKB:Q9UM73), CDK4 (UPKB:P11802), DDR2 (UPKB:Q16832), MAP2K1 (UPKB:Q02750), MAP2K2 (UPKB:P36507), EGFR (UPKB:P00533), FGFR2 (UPKB:P21802), FGFR3 (UPKB:P22607), HRAS (UPKB:P01112), KRAS (UPKB:P01116), NRAS (UPKB:P01111), MET (UPKB:P08581), KIT (UPKB:P10721), PIK3CA (UPKB:P42336), PGFRA (UPKB:P16234), RET (UPKB:P07949), ROS1 (UPKB:P08922), ATK1 (UPKB:P31749), RAF1 (UPKB:P04049), ERBB2 (UPKB:P04626), ERBB3 (UPKB:P21860), BRAF (UPKB:P15056), MTOR (UPKB:P42345).","FTCID:P160045|UPKB:Q9UM73|UPKB:P11802|UPKB:Q16832|UPKB:Q02750|UPKB:P36507|UPKB:P00533|UPKB:P21802|UPKB:P22607|UPKB:P01112|UPKB:P01116|UPKB:P01111|UPKB:P08581|UPKB:P10721|UPKB:P42336|UPKB:P16234|UPKB:P07949|UPKB:P08922|UPKB:P31749|UPKB:P04049|UPKB:P04626|UPKB:P21860|UPKB:P15056|UPKB:P42345"
"A0397","NA|UPKB:P07288","PROGENSA prostate cancer PCA3, PSA mRNA ratio","mRNA ratio","risk","urine (UN:0001088)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","gene","PCA3 score of measured ratio of PCA3 mRNA to PSA mRNA (UPKB:P07288) level as risk biomarker for prostate cancer patients. A PCA3 Score <25 is associated with a decreased likelihood of a positive biopsy. Prostatic biopsy is required for diagnosis of cancer.","FTCID:P100033|NCT01024959|UPKB:P07288"
"A0398","UPKB:Q9P1U1|UPKB:Q9NQW6|UPKB:P10415|UPKB:P18440|UPKB:O15392|UPKB:Q99933|UPKB:P53004|UPKB:P22223|UPKB:Q99741|UPKB:Q12834|UPKB:P49454|UPKB:Q53EZ4|UPKB:Q7LFL8|UPKB:O43175|UPKB:Q00987|UPKB:P00533|UPKB:P03372|UPKB:Q9UQ84|UPKB:P22455|UPKB:Q12948|UPKB:P24864|UPKB:P14635|UPKB:Q14451|UPKB:P55317|UPKB:P02533|UPKB:Q04695|UPKB:P13647|UPKB:Q99661|UPKB:O14777|UPKB:Q9BZD4|UPKB:Q14680|UPKB:Q96PC5|UPKB:Q9BV36|UPKB:P10636|UPKB:Q9BYG3|UPKB:P10244|UPKB:P01106|UPKB:Q9Y5N6|UPKB:Q8H112|UPKB:Q9UJ42|UPKB:P46013|UPKB:P04626|UPKB:P31350|UPKB:Q8N474|UPKB:O95997|UPKB:P24347|UPKB:P04818|UPKB:Q96B21|UPKB:O00762|UPKB:Q9NPD8|UPKB:Q13433","Prosigna breast cancer 51 mRNA expression panel","expression level","risk","breast (UN:0000310)","76546-1","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","RNA","Gene expression signature profile (measured by calculating the amount of each RNA entered into a proprietary algorithm to produce a Prosigna score (0-100) and risk category (low 0-40/intermediate 41-60/high 41-40 for node-negative classification and 61-100 for node positive classification) for breast cancer patients. The genes are ACTR3B (UPKB:Q9P1U1), ANLN (UPKB:Q9NQW6), BCL2 (UPKB:P10415), NAT1 (UPKB:P18440), BIRC5 (UPKB:O15392), BAG1 (UPKB:Q99933), BLVRA (UPKB:P53004), CDH3 (UPKB:P22223), CDC6 (UPKB:Q99741), CDC20 (UPKB:Q12834), CENPF (UPKB:P49454), CEP55 (UPKB:Q53EZ4), CXXC5 (UPKB:Q7LFL8), PHGDH (UPKB:O43175), MDM2 (UPKB:Q00987), EGFR (UPKB:P00533), ESR1 (UPKB:P03372), EXO1  (UPKB:Q9UQ84), FGFR4 (UPKB:P22455), FOXC1 (UPKB:Q12948), CCNE1 (UPKB:P24864), CCNB1 (UPKB:P14635), GRB7 (UPKB:Q14451), FOXA1 (UPKB:P55317), KRT14 (UPKB:P02533), KRT17 (UPKB:Q04695), KRT5 (UPKB:P13647), KIF2C (UPKB:Q99661), NDC80 (UPKB:O14777), NUF2 (UPKB:Q9BZD4), MELK (UPKB:Q14680), MIA2 (UPKB:Q96PC5), MLPH (UPKB:Q9BV36), MAPT (UPKB:P10636), MIKF (UPKB:Q9BYG3), MYBL2 (UPKB:P10244), MYC (UPKB:P01106), ORC6 (UPKB:Q9Y5N6), PGRL1A (UPKB:Q8H112), GPR160 (UPKB:Q9UJ42), MKI67 (UPKB:P46013), ERBB2 (UPKB:P04626), RRM2 (UPKB:P31350), SFRP1 (UPKB:Q8N474), PTTG1 (UPKB:O95997), MMPL1 (UPKB:P24347), TYMS (UPKB:P04818), TMEM45B (UPKB:Q96B21), UBE3C (UPKB:O00762), UBE2T (UPKB:Q9NPD8), SLC39A6 (UPKB:Q13433).","FTCID:K130010|UPKB:Q9P1U1|UPKB:Q9NQW6|UPKB:P10415|UPKB:P18440|UPKB:O15392|UPKB:Q99933|UPKB:P53004|UPKB:P22223|UPKB:Q99741|UPKB:Q12834|UPKB:P49454|UPKB:Q53EZ4|UPKB:Q7LFL8|UPKB:O43175|UPKB:Q00987|UPKB:P00533|UPKB:P03372|UPKB:Q9UQ84|UPKB:P22455|UPKB:Q12948|UPKB:P24864|UPKB:P14635|UPKB:Q14451|UPKB:P55317|UPKB:P02533|UPKB:Q04695|UPKB:P13647|UPKB:Q99661|UPKB:O14777|UPKB:Q9BZD4|UPKB:Q14680|UPKB:Q96PC5|UPKB:Q9BV36|UPKB:P10636|UPKB:Q9BYG3|UPKB:P10244|UPKB:P01106|UPKB:Q9Y5N6|UPKB:Q8H112|UPKB:Q9UJ42|UPKB:P46013|UPKB:P04626|UPKB:P31350|UPKB:Q8N474|UPKB:O95997|UPKB:P24347|UPKB:P04818|UPKB:Q96B21|UPKB:O00762|UPKB:Q9NPD8|UPKB:Q13433"
"A0399","","Vysis urinary bladder cancer 9p21, chromosome 3, 7, 17 panel","locus absence|somatic aneuploidy","monitoring","urine (UN:0001088)","21665-5","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","gene","Panel of identified chromosome somatic mutants (aneuploidy) and locus mutant (loss) monitoring biomarkers in urinary bladder cancer. The chromosomes  are chromosme 3, chromosme 7, chromosme 17, and the locus is  9p21.","Also measured in blood (UN:0000178)"
"A0400","UPKB:P40692|UPKB:P43246|UPKB:P52701|UPKB:P54278|UPKB:P15056","Ventana colorectal cancer BRAF, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 panel","expression level","prognostic","colon (UN:0001155)","81691-8","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","gene|protein","Panel of identified protein prognostic biomarkers (differential expression) and a gene prognostic biomarker (mutation) in colorectal cancer. The proteins are MLH1 (UPKB:P40692), MSH2 (UPKB:P43246), MSH6 (UPKB:P52701), PMS2 (UPKB:P54278) and the gene is BRAF (UPKB:P15056).","FTCID:DEN170026|UPKB:P40692|UPKB:P43246|UPKB:P52701|UPKB:P54278|UPKB:P15056"
"A0403","UPKB:P00533","COBAS lung cancer EGFR G719X, L858R, L861Q, S768I, T790M mutations panel","presence of","diagnostic","lung (UN:0002048)","21665-5","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","gene","The Cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 is a real-time PCR test for the qualitative detection of defined mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Defined EGFR mutations are detected using DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue (FFPET) or circulating-free tumor DNA (cfDNA) from plasma derived from EDTA anti-coagulated peripheral whole blood.The test is indicated as a companion diagnostic to aid in selecting NSCLC patients for treatment with the targeted therapies listed ... Drug FFPET PlasmaTARCEVA  (erlotinib) Exon 19 deletions and L858R Exon 19 deletions and L858R TAGRISSO (osimertinib) 790M T790M ... Table 2 below that are also detected by the cobas  EGFR Mutation Test v2: Table 2Drug FFPET PlasmaTARCEVA  (erlotinib) G719X, exon 20 insertions, T790M, S768I and L861Q G719X, exon 20 insertions, T790M, S768I and L861QTAGRISSO (osimertinib) G719X, exon 19 deletions, L858R, exon 20 insertions, S768I, and L861Q G719X, exon 19 deletions, L858R, exon 20 insertions, S768I, and L861Q.","Also measured in blood (UN:0000178)|FTCID:P150045|UPKB:P00533"
"A0404","UPKB:P00533","THERASCREEN lung cancer EGFR mutation panel","presence of","predictive","lung (UN:0002048)","55764-5","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","gene","THERASCREEN EGFR RGQ PCR KIT is a real-time pcr test for the qualitative detection of exon 19 deletions and exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in DNA derived from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor tissue. the test is intended to be used to select patients with NSCLC for whom gilotrjf (afatinib), an EGFR TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR (TKI), is indicated. Safety and efficacy of gilotrif (afatinib) have not been established in patients whose tumors have L861Q, G719X, 87681, exon 20 insertions, and T790M mutations, which are also detected by the THERASCREEN  EGFR RGQ PCR KIT. Specimens are processed using the QIAAMP  DSP DNA FFPE TISSUE KIT for manual sample preparation and the rotor-gene Q MDX instrument for automated amplification and detection.","FTCID:P120022|NCT00949650|UPKB:P00533"
"A0405","UPKB:P01116","COBAS colorectal cancer KRAS somatic codon mutations panel","presence of","predictive","colon (UN:0001155)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","gene","The Cobas KRAS Mutation Test, for use with the cobas 4800 System, is a real-time PCR test for the detection of seven somatic mutations in codons 12 and 13 of the KRAS gene in DNA derived from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor tissue. The test is intended to be used as an aid in the identification of CRC patients for whom treatment with Erbitux (cetuximab) or with Vectibix (panitumumab) may be indicated based on a no mutation detected result. Specimens are processed using the cobas DNA Sample Preparation Kit for manual sample preparation and the cobas z 480 analyzer for automated amplification and detection.","FTCID:P140023|UPKB:P01116"
"A0406","UPKB:P01116","THERASCREEN colorectal cancer KRAS somatic exon mutations panel","presence of","predictive","colon (UN:0001155)","21703-4","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","gene","The therascreen KRAS RGQ PCR Kit is a real-time qualitative PCR assay used on the Rotor-Gene Q MDx instrument for the detection of seven somatic mutations in the human KRAS oncogene, using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue. The therascreen KRAS RGQ PCR Kit is intended to aid in the identification of CRC patients for treatment with Erbitux (cetuximab) and Vectibix (panitumumab) based on a KRAS no mutation detected test result. The QIAGEN therascreen KRAS RGQ PCR Kit contains reagents for eight separate reactions; seven mutation specific reactions to amplify and detect mutations in codons 12 and 13 in exon 2 of the KRAS oncogene, and one Control Reaction that amplifies and detects a region of exon 4 in the KRAS oncogene.","FTCID:P110027|UPKB:P01116"
"A0407","UPKB:P11388","Dako breast cancer TOP2A  copy number FISH panel","presence of","prognostic","breast (UN:0000310)","63070-7","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","gene","TOP2A FISH pharmDx Kit is designed to detect amplifications and deletions (copy number changes) of the TOP2A gene using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique on formalin- fixed, paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue specimens. Deletions and amplifications of the TOP2A gene serve as a marker for poor prognosis in high-risk breast cancer patients. Results from the TOP2A FISH pharmDx MT Kit are intended for use as an adjunct to existing clinical and pathological information.","FTCID:P050045|UPKB:P11388"
"A0408","UPKB:P15056","THXID skin cancer BRAF V600E, K mutations panel","presence of","diagnostic","skin epidermis (UN:0001003)","","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","gene","THXID BRAF kit is an in vitro diagnostic device intended for the qualitative detection of the BRAF V600E and V600K mutations in DNA samples extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (ffpe) human melanoma tissue. the THXID BRAF KIT is a real-time PCR test on the abi 7500 fast dx system and is intended to be used as an aid in selecting melanoma patients whose tumors carry the BRAF v600e mutation for treatment with dabrafenib [tafinlar ] and as an aid in selecting melanoma patients whose tumors carry the BRAF v600e or v600k mutation for treatment with trametinib [mekinist].","FTCID:P120014|NCT01153763|UPKB:P15056"
"A0409","UPKB:P22309","Invader skin cancer UGT1A1 *1, *28 alleles panel","presence of","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","skin cancer (DOID:4159)","gene","The Invader UGT1A1 Molecular Assay is an in vitro diagnostic test for the detection and genotyping of the *1 (TA6) and *28 (TA7) alleles of the UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene in genomic DNA from whole peripheral blood as an aid in the identification of patients with greater risk for decreased UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity.","FTCID:K051824|UPKB:P22309"
"A0410","UPKB:P42336","THERASCREEN breast cancer PIK3CA exonic mutations panel","presence of","predictive","breast (UN:0000310)","60034-6","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","gene","Therascreen PIK3CA RGQ PCR Kit is a real-time qualitative PCR test for the detection of 11 mutations in the PIK3CA gene (Exon 7: C420R; Exon 9: E542K, E545A, E545D [1635G>T only], E545G, E545K, Q546E, Q546R; and Exon 20: H1047L, H1047R, H1047Y) using genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast tumor tissue or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from plasma derived from K2EDTA anticoagulated peripheral whole blood ... The test is intended to aid clinicians in identifying breast cancer patients who may be eligible for treatment with PIQRAY (alpelisib) based on a PIK3CA Mutation Detected result.","Also measured in blood (UN:0000178)|FTCID:P190001|NCT02437318|UPKB:P42336"
"A0411","UPKB:Q9UIF7","23andMe colorectal cancer MUTYH mutations panel","presence of","risk","saliva (UN:0001836)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","gene","The 23andMe PGS Genetic Health Risk Report for MUTYH Associated Polyposis is indicated for reporting of the Y179C and the G396D variants in the MUTYH gene. The report describes if a person is at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.","FTCID:K182784|UPKB:Q9UIF7"
"A0412","UPKB:Q9UM73","Vysis lung cancer ALK gene rearrangements panel","presence of","predictive","lung (UN:0002048)","78205-2","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","gene","The Vysis ALK Break Apart FISH Probe Kit is a qualitative test to detect rearrangements involving the ALK gene via fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue specimens ... The test is for prescription use only.","FTCID:P110012|NCT00585195|UPKB:Q9UM73"
"A0413","UPKB:P38398|UPKB:P51587","23andMe breast and ovarian cancer BRCA1, BRCA2 mutations panel","presence of","risk","saliva (UN:0001836)","21640-8","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","gene","Panel of identified gene risk biomarkers (mutations) in breast cancer. The genes are BRCA1 (UPKB:P38398), BRCA2 (UPKB:P51587).","UPKB:P38398|UPKB:P51587"
"A0414","GTC:G78959US","Sialylated tumor-related antigen (sTRA)","increased sTRA level","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","glycan","Furthermore, a blood-plasma test for the sTRA glycan identified the PDACs that showed rapid relapse following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This research demonstrates the use of the sTRA glycan to identify the PDAC cases that are highly resistant to chemotherapy. [PMID:33093149]",""
"A0415","GTC:G53972TI","Trisialylated triantennary core fucosylated N-glycan","increased trisialylated triantennary core fucosylated N-glycan level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","From these representative chromatograms, it appears that the biantennary-monosialylated N-linked glycan is down-regulated in Stage IV breast cancer, while the fucosylated triantennary-trisialylated N-linked glycan appears to be up-regulated under such a condition. A biantennary-monosialylated N-linked glycan and a fucosylated triantennary-trisialylated structure were implicated as potential indicators of late-stage breast cancer. [PMID: 20491449]",""
"A0416","GTC:G73813HX","Monosialylated biantennary N-glycan","decreased monosialylated biantennary N-glycan level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","From these representative chromatograms, it appears that the biantennary-monosialylated N-linked glycan is down-regulated in Stage IV breast cancer, while the fucosylated triantennary-trisialylated N-linked glycan appears to be up-regulated under such a condition. A biantennary-monosialylated N-linked glycan and a fucosylated triantennary-trisialylated structure were implicated as potential indicators of late-stage breast cancer. [PMID: 20491449]",""
"A0417","GTC:G33187NK|UPKB:P02750","Lewis fucosylated triantennary N-glycan on leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG-FTG)","increased LRG-FTG level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","glycan|protein","Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 with fucosylated triantennary N-glycan (LRG-FTG) was identified as CRC marker after evaluating 30,000 candidate glycopeptide peaks. Serum LRG-FTG was significantly elevated in CRC patients compared with healthy volunteers, and its accuracy as a CRC tumor marker was equal to that of CEA. LRG with biantennary glycan did not change between CRC patients and healthy individuals, which meant that the sugar chain alteration in LRG was key to cancer diagnosis. The elution time (33 min) and m/z (1975.37, z4) of this marker was just coincident with leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1, whose Asn79 was modified with fucosylated triantennary N-glycan (LRG-FTG). [PMID: 29642865]","Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1|UPKB:P02750|A0228|Fucosylated triantennary N-glycan|GTC:G33187NK"
"A0418","GTC:G36521AS","Lewis x fucosylated monogalactosylated triantennary N-glycan (A3FG1)","increased A3FG1 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","Following digestion with sialidase and beta-galactosidase, the alpha1,3-fucosylated trisialylated triantennary structure (A3FG3S3, GU 10.75) digested to form the alpha1,3-fucosylated monogalactosylated triantennary structure (A3FG1). We observed a significant difference in the trends of both A3FG1 and CA 15-3 in all 10 patients. Interestingly, we found that A3FG1 increased in all the second samples, clearly consistent with breast cancer progression and/or metastasis. This preliminary result suggests that compared to the commonly measured CA 15-3 and CEA, the glycan marker A3FG1, quantified from whole serum of breast cancer patients, could be more reliable for detecting disease progression and metastasis. [PMID:18818422]",""
"A0419","GTC:G57321FI","Alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)","increased GalNAc level","diagnostic","brain (UN:0000955)","","brain cancer (DOID:1319)","glycan","Fluorescently labeled lectins that specifically recognize α-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and α-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) differentially bound to the cell surface based on the state of cellular differentiation. GalNAc and GlcNAc were highly expressed on the surface of undifferentiated cells and showed markedly reduced expression over a 12-day duration of differentiation. Our preliminary results on a single cerebellar GBM suggest that GalNAc and GlcNAc are novel biomarkers for identifying glioma-derived stem cells and can be used to isolate cancer stem cells from unsorted cell populations, thereby creating new cell lines for research or clinical testing. [PMID: 22435486]",""
"A0420","GTC:G68544GH","Alpha-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)","increased GlcNAc level","diagnostic","brain (UN:0000955)","","brain cancer (DOID:1319)","glycan","Fluorescently labeled lectins that specifically recognize α-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and α-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) differentially bound to the cell surface based on the state of cellular differentiation. GalNAc and GlcNAc were highly expressed on the surface of undifferentiated cells and showed markedly reduced expression over a 12-day duration of differentiation. Our preliminary results on a single cerebellar GBM suggest that GalNAc and GlcNAc are novel biomarkers for identifying glioma-derived stem cells and can be used to isolate cancer stem cells from unsorted cell populations, thereby creating new cell lines for research or clinical testing. [PMID: 22435486]",""
"A0422","GTC:G64669AQ|GTC:G00054MO|NA","Agalactosylated biantennary core fucosylated N-glycan (FA2) and Sialyl Lewis x (SLex)","increased FA2 and SLex level, Sialyl Lewis x level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","glycan","We have described differences between control and advanced ovarian cancer sera: a doubling in the amount of FA2 and SLex structures in whole serum glycan profiles and a shift in the sialic acid linkage from alpha2,3 to alpha2,6 in disialylated fractions. We have demonstrated that the level of SLex alone is not specific for ovarian cancer, but a combination of FA2 and SLex significantly improves the separation of benign gynecological conditions from ovarian cancer. This suggests that a combination of these two markers would improve the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. [PMID:17884841]","Core fucosylated agalactosylated biantennary glycan|GTC:G64669AQ|Sialyl Lewis x|GTC:G00054MO"
"A0435","GTC:G90233EO|GTC:G23384FD|UPKB:P02790","Disialylated to monosialylated O-glycoforms of hemopexin ratio(S-HPX)","increased S-HPX","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","glycan|protein","S-HPX, a measure of sialylated O-glycoforms of hemopexin, progressively increases in fibrotic and cirrhotic patient of HCV etiology and can be quantified by an LC-MS/MS-MRM assay in unfractionated serum of patients. Quantification of sialylated O-glycoforms of this liver secreted glycoprotein represents a novel measure of the stage of liver disease that could have a role in monitoring the progression of liver pathology. The ratio of disialylated (NeuAc2Hex1HexNAc1) to monosialylated (NeuAc1Hex1HexNAc1) glycoforms of the peptide TPLPPTSAHGNVAEGETKPDPVTER of HPX carrying one O-glycan on the T1 (S-HPX) was used as a final quantitative measure for evaluation of liver disease. The results show an approximately fourfold increase in disialylated O-glycopeptide of HPX in cirrhosis and further increase in the cirrhotics with HCC with a simultaneous approximately 20 % decrease in the monosialylated O-glycopeptide of HPX. [PMID: 27688741]","Disialylated O-glycan|GTC:G90233EO|Monosialylated O-glycan|GTC:G23384FD|Hemopexin|UPKB:P02790"
"A0436","UPKB:Q6P6C2","Alkylation repair homologue 5 (ALKBH5)","decreased ALKBH5 level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","ALKBH5 was significantly reduced in RCC compared to normal tissue (P < 0.001), low expression levels of ALKBH5 and FTO were correlated with a shorter overall survival (OS: ALKBH5 log-rank P = 0.007; FTO log-rank P = 0.033) and cancer-specific survival (CSS: ALKBH5 log-rank P = 0.018; FTO log-rank P = 0.029 [PMID:31985880]. Univariate analysis showed that higher FTO expression was associated with better overall and progression free survival in both ccRCC and pRCC patients. No associations were disclosed concerning ALKBH5 expressions levels. [PMID:34683137]",""
"A0437","UPKB:Q9C0B1","Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (FTO)","decreased FTO level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","ALKBH5 was significantly reduced in RCC compared to normal tissue (P < 0.001), low expression levels of ALKBH5 and FTO were correlated with a shorter overall survival (OS: ALKBH5 log-rank P = 0.007; FTO log-rank P = 0.033) and cancer-specific survival (CSS: ALKBH5 log-rank P = 0.018; FTO log-rank P = 0.029 [PMID: 31985880]. Univariate analysis showed that higher FTO expression was associated with better overall and progression free survival in both ccRCC and pRCC patients. No associations were disclosed concerning ALKBH5 expressions levels. [PMID:34683137]","Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO)"
"A0438","MRB:MI0003583","miR-576 (MIR-576)","differentially measured MIR-576 level","diagnostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","RNA","Thirteen miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in RCC patients were identified, 10 of them have been proved to be associated with kidney cancer in other studies, miR-576, miR-616 and miR-133a-2 are three newly discovered biomarkers of RCC in this study. We found that the target genes of miR-576 (CUL3 and RAC1) are involved in the regulation of multiple cancer-related biological pathways, and the target gene of miR-616 (ASB13 and FBXW2) has been reported to be associated with the development of other cancers. Our findings may have guiding significance for the early diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. [PMID:31350524]",""
"A0439","MRB:MI0003629","miR-616 (MIR-616)","differentially measured MIR-616 level","diagnostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","RNA","Thirteen miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in RCC patients were identified, 10 of them have been proved to be associated with kidney cancer in other studies, miR-576, miR-616 and miR-133a-2 are three newly discovered biomarkers of RCC in this study. We found that the target genes of miR-576 (CUL3 and RAC1) are involved in the regulation of multiple cancer-related biological pathways, and the target gene of miR-616 (ASB13 and FBXW2) has been reported to be associated with the development of other cancers. Our findings may have guiding significance for the early diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. [PMID:31350524]",""
"A0440","","miR-133a-2 (MIR-133a-2)","differentially measured MIR-133a-2 level","diagnostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","RNA","Thirteen miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in RCC patients were identified, 10 of them have been proved to be associated with kidney cancer in other studies, miR-576, miR-616 and miR-133a-2 are three newly discovered biomarkers of RCC in this study. We found that the target genes of miR-576 (CUL3 and RAC1) are involved in the regulation of multiple cancer-related biological pathways, and the target gene of miR-616 (ASB13 and FBXW2) has been reported to be associated with the development of other cancers. Our findings may have guiding significance for the early diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. [PMID:31350524]",""
"A0441","UPKB:P07237","Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide (P4HB)","increased P4HB level","prognostic","kidney (UN:0002113)","","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","High expression of P4HB mRNA was related to significantly worse Overall Survival (OS) for KIRC patients (Kidney renal cell carcinoma) (p<0.0001). Univariate Cox regression analyses, showed higher stage and high P4HB mRNA expression exhibited unfavorable effects on OS (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001). [PMID:31350524]",""
"A0442","HGNC:25223","4-Hydroxybenzoate (4-HB)","differentially measured 4-hydroxybenzoate level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","MTHU027525","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","metabolite","Quinolinate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and gentisate were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups at an FDR (False Discovery Rate) of 0.26, 4-hydroxybenzoate and gentisate being decreased in cancer patients urine compared to normal patients' urine. [PMID:21348635]",""
"A0443","UPKB:Q330M9","Gentisate (GEN)","differentially measured gentisate level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","47858-6","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","metabolite","Quinolinate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and gentisate were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups at an FDR (False Discovery Rate) of 0.26, 4-hydroxybenzoate and gentisate being decreased in cancer patients urine compared to normal patients' urine. [PMID:21348635]",""
"A0445","UPKB:P01584","Interleukin-1 beta protein (IL1B)","increased IL1B level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","13629-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","COVID-19 is associated with high levels of IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1b, and CXCL8/IL-8. IL-6 was one of the most robust prognostic markers of survival. It remained independently associated with severity and predictive of outcome. Furthermore, elevated TNF-a, known to contribute to organ damage, was also a strong predictor of poor outcome. [PMID:32511562]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well."
"A0445","UPKB:P01584","Interleukin-1 beta protein (IL1B)","increased IL1B level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","13629-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","We noted that patients infected with 2019-nCoV also had high amounts of IL1B, IFN gamma, IP10, and MCP1, probably leading to activated T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Initial plasma IL1B concentrations were higher in both ICU patients and non-ICU patients than in healthy adults. [PMID:31986264]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) and plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0445","UPKB:P01584","Interleukin-1 beta protein (IL1B)","increased IL1B level","diagnostic","saliva (UN:0001836)","13629-1","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","protein","IL1B protein and IL8 protein as well as S100P mRNA were increased the most between all OSCC patients and controls with a fold change of 3.96, 3.09, and 3.24 respectively. Combined markers proved to be the strongest discriminator of OSCC with an AUC of 0.86 for all cancer patients (IL1B protein + SAT1 mRNA + DUSP1 mRNA), 0.85 for T1-T2 (IL1B mRNA + SAT1 mRNA + DUSP1 mRNA), and 0.88 for T3-T4 (IL1B protein + DUSP1 mRNA) (Figure 1 and Table 3). The sensitivity/specificity for these groups were 0.89/0.78, 0.67/0.96, and 0.82/0.84 respectively. [PMID:21109482]","oral squamous cell carcinoma (DOID:0050866)"
"A0445","UPKB:P01584","Interleukin-1 beta protein (IL1B)","decreased IL1B level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","13629-1","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","gene","Changes in expression of IL1B, early growth response gene 3, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 resolved within 4 months of insulin therapy and were also observed in T2D, suggesting that they resulted from hyperglycemia. With use of a knowledge base, 81 of 282 genes could be placed within a network of interrelated genes with predicted functions including apoptosis and cell proliferation. IL1B and the MYC oncogene were the most highly connected genes in the network. IL1B was highly overexpressed in both T1D and T2D, whereas MYC was dysregulated only in T1D. [PMID:17595242]",""
"A0446","UPKB:P01579|UPKB:Q9NZQ7|UPKB:P18627|UPKB:Q07325","Interferon gamma+ (IFNG+) signature panel","increased IFNG, CD274, LAG3, CXCL9 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","12729-0","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","In the NSCLC discovery set, a four-gene IFN gamma-positive (IFN gamma+) signature comprising IFN gamma, CD274, LAG3, and CXCL9 was associated with higher overall response rates, longer median progression-free survival, and overall survival compared with signature-low patients. IFN gamma+ signature NSCLC patients had improved survival regardless of IHC PD-L1 status. These associations were replicated in a urothelial cancer cohort. The IFN gamma+ signature was induced 2-fold (P = 0.003) by durvalumab after 8 weeks of therapy in patients with NSCLC, and baseline signature was associated with TMB but not survival in TCGA data. [PMID:29716923]","UPKB:P01579|UPKB:Q9NZQ7|UPKB:P18627|UPKB:Q07325"
"A0446","UPKB:P01579|UPKB:Q9NZQ7|UPKB:P18627|UPKB:Q07325","Interferon gamma+ (IFNG+) signature panel","increased IFNG+ signature","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","12729-0","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","In the NSCLC discovery set, a four-gene IFNgamma-positive (IFNgamma+) signature comprising IFNgamma, CD274, LAG3, and CXCL9 was associated with higher overall response rates, longer median progression-free survival, and overall survival compared with signature-low patients. IFNgamma+-signature NSCLC patients had improved survival regardless of IHC PD-L1 status. These associations were replicated in a urothelial cancer cohort. The IFNgamma+ signature was induced 2-fold (P = 0.003) by durvalumab after 8 weeks of therapy in patients with NSCLC, and baseline signature was associated with TMB but not survival in TCGA data. [PMID:29716923]","UPKB:P01579|UPKB:Q9NZQ7|UPKB:P18627|UPKB:Q07325"
"A0447","","Squamous cell carcinoma antigen-Immunoglobulin M complex (SCCA-IgM IC)","increased SCCA-IgM IC level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","In the current study, we have demonstrated that SCCA variants, which are overexpressed remarkably in liver tumor tissues, are detectable in serum from patients with HCC coupled to IgMs to form circulating Ics. [PMID:15887222]","Measured in serum (UN:0001977) as well"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","cervical cancer (DOID:4362)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","hematologic cancer (DOID:2531)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","kidney cancer (DOID:263)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","lymphoma (DOID:8584)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0448","UPKB:P02768|NA","Albumin to Globulin ratio (ALB-GLO)","decreased ALB-GLO ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","35706-1","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Resistant organ damage indices (albumin and albumin-globulin ratio) were significantly associated with lower severity of COVID-19 in patients with cancer (table 3). [PMID:32479790]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well|UPKB:P02768"
"A0449","CO:CL_0000542|CO:CL_0000775|UPKB:P02741","LCR to NLR ratio (LCRNLR)","decreased LCRNLR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","cell|protein","A lower LCR and a high NLR could serve as predictive markers for in-hospital complications and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Compared to NLR, high LCR on presentation accurately predicts the in-hospital need for IMV and an upgrade to the ICU. [PMID:32655735]","CO:CL_0000542|CO:CL_0000775|UPKB:P02741"
"A0450","UPKB:Q9BZS1|UPKB:Q12933|UPKB:Q86VZ5|UPKB:Q9HCE3|UPKB:Q12955|UPKB:Q14392","Type 1 diabetes regulatory T cell gene panel (T1DTREG)","altered FOXP3, TNFRSF1B, TMEM23, ZNF532, ANK3, LRRC32 expression","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","90413-6","diabetes mellitus (DOID:9351)","protein","By using biomarker discovery analysis, we found that expression of a combination of six genes, including TNFRSF1B (CD120b) and FOXP3, was significantly different between Tregs from subjects with new-onset T1D and control subjects, resulting in a sensitive (mean ± SD 0.86 ± 0.14) and specific (0.78 ± 0.18) biomarker algorithm. Thus, although the proportion of Tregs in peripheral blood is similar between children with T1D and control subjects, significant changes in gene expression can be detected early in disease process. Lower expression of FOXP3, TNFRSF1B (CD120b),  TMEM23 (SGMS1), ZNF532, ANK3, and increased LRRC32 (GARP). [PMID:26786322]","CO:CL_0000815|lower expression of FOXP3|lower expression of TNFRSF1B|CD120b|lower expression of TMEM23|SGMS1|lower expression of ZNF532|lower expression of ANK3|increased expression of LRRC32|GARP|UPKB:Q9BZS1|UPKB:Q12933|UPKB:Q86VZ5|UPKB:Q9HCE3|UPKB:Q12955|UPKB:Q14392"
"A0450","UPKB:Q9BZS1|UPKB:Q12933|UPKB:Q86VZ5|UPKB:Q9HCE3|UPKB:Q12955|UPKB:Q14392","Type 1 diabetes regulatory T cell gene panel (T1DTREG)","altered FOXP3, TNFRSF1B, TMEM23, ZNF532, ANK3, LRRC32 expression","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","90413-6","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","By using biomarker discovery analysis, we found that expression of a combination of six genes, including TNFRSF1B (CD120b) and FOXP3, was significantly different between Tregs from subjects with new-onset T1D and control subjects, resulting in a sensitive (mean ± SD 0.86 ± 0.14) and specific (0.78 ± 0.18) biomarker algorithm. Thus, although the proportion of Tregs in peripheral blood is similar between children with T1D and control subjects, significant changes in gene expression can be detected early in disease process. Lower expression of FOXP3, TNFRSF1B (CD120b),  TMEM23 (SGMS1), ZNF532, ANK3, and increased LRRC32 (GARP). [PMID:26786322]","CO:CL_0000815|lower expression of FOXP3|lower expression of TNFRSF1B|CD120b|lower expression of TMEM23|SGMS1|lower expression of ZNF532|lower expression of ANK3|increased expression of LRRC32|GARP|UPKB:Q9BZS1|UPKB:Q12933|UPKB:Q86VZ5|UPKB:Q9HCE3|UPKB:Q12955|UPKB:Q14392"
"A0451","UPKB:P24530","Endothelin receptor type B gene promoter methylation (EDNRB)","presence of","diagnostic","oral cavity (UN:0000167)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","gene","EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. [PMID:21558411]",""
"A0452","UPKB:P43694","Transcription factor GATA-4 gene promoter methylation (GATA-4)","presence of","diagnostic","oral cavity (UN:0000167)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","gene","EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. [PMID:21558411]",""
"A0453","UPKB:Q14112","Nidogen-2 gene promoter methylation (NID2)","presence of","diagnostic","oral cavity (UN:0000167)","","head and neck cancer (DOID:11934)","gene","EDNRB, HOXA9, GATA4, NID2, KIF1A, DCC show differential methylation between cases and controls. Promoter methylation of KIF1A, NID2, and EDNRB had a moderate to substantial agreement with clinical diagnosis. [PMID:21558411]",""
"A0454","","Lethal-7e microRNA (Let-7e)","decreased Let-7e level","prognostic","uterus (UN:0000995)","","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","RNA","All let-7 miRNAs showed differential expression with greater downregulation in Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) than in Myometrium (MM). let-7d (p < 0.0001), let-7e (p < 0.0001) showed a highly significant pattern of downregulation. Our findings showed that patients with let-7e downregulation had worse overall survival (OS) and is an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.24). [PMID:31744257]",""
"A0455","UPKB:Q9NS23","Ras association domain-containing protein 1 gene methylation (RASSF1)","presence of","prognostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","gene","RASSF1 was methylated in 45% of prostate cancer urine samples with methylation intensity significantly higher in prostate cancer than in benign prostatic hyperplasia cases (p = 0.018). In a univariate model RASSF1 methylation and the total number of methylated genes in prostate cancer tissue were predictive of time to biochemical recurrence (p = 0.019 and 0.043, respectively). On multivariate analysis RASSF1 methylation together with pathological stage was the most significant predictor of biochemical recurrence in patients with Gleason score 6 tumors when analyzed in tissue and urine (p ≤0.001). [PMID:24980613]","increased RASSF1 gene methylation"
"A0456","UPKB:P05231|UPKB:Q14508|UPKB:Q8WXI7|UPKB:P12830","Earlier stage ovarian cancer IL6, WFDC2, MUC16, CDH1 panel","increased CA125, HE4, E-CAD, IL-6 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","55180-4|10334-1|26881-3","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","The four-marker panel, CA125, HE4, E-CAD, and IL-6, shows potential in detecting serous ovarian cancer at earlier stages. The 4-marker panel had the highest average sensitivity under the region of its ROC curve corresponding to specificity ranging from 100% down to ~95%. [PMID:29572027]","EDRN panel biomarker|A0032|UPKB:Q14508|A0035|UPKB:Q8WXI7|A0232|UPKB:P12830|A0001|UPKB:P05231|WFDC2|WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2|MUC16|Mucin-16|CDH1|E-cadherin|IL6|Interleukin-6"
"A0457","","Pancreatic cancer four-microRNA expression index I panel","measured 4 microRNAs level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","RNA","The discovery cohort demonstrated that 38 microRNAs in whole blood were significantly dysregulated in patients with pancreatic cancer compared with controls. 2 diagnostic panels were constructed comprising 4 microRNAs in index I (miR-145, miR-150, miR-223, miR-636) and 10 in index II (miR-26b, miR-34a, miR-122, miR-126*, miR-145, miR-150, miR-223, miR-505, miR-636, miR-885.5p). [PMID:24449318]","miRNA-145|MIR-145|miRNA-150|MIR-150|miRNA-223|MIR-223|miRNA-636|MIR-636"
"A0458","","Pancreatic cancer ten-microRNA expression index II panel","measured 10 microRNAs level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","pancreatic cancer (DOID:1793)","RNA","The discovery cohort demonstrated that 38 microRNAs in whole blood were significantly dysregulated in patients with pancreatic cancer compared with controls. 2 diagnostic panels were constructed comprising 4 microRNAs in index I (miR-145, miR-150, miR-223, miR-636) and 10 in index II (miR-26b, miR-34a, miR-122, miR-126*, miR-145, miR-150, miR-223, miR-505, miR-636, miR-885.5p). [PMID:24449318]","miRNA-26b|MIR-26b|miRNA-34a|MIR-34a|miRNA-122|MIR-122|miRNA-126*|MIR-126*|miRNA-145|MIR-145|miRNA-150|MIR-150|miRNA-223|MIR-223|miRNA-505|MIR-505|miRNA-636|MIR-636|miRNA-885.5p|MIR-885.5p"
"A0459","NA|MRB:MI0006381","Uterine cancer circulating miR-191-5p, miR-1246 panel","decreased MIR-191-5P, MIR-1246 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","RNA","7 miRNAs were selected as candidate miRNAs with a cross- validation score greater than 0.75 and an absolute value of fold change (log2) >0.5, and expression level significantly lower in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma (ULMS). All ULMS patients were precisely identified as having a positive DI using the two-miRNA prediction model. …the best combination was determined, which consisted of two miRNAs (miR-191-5p and miR-1246). Thus, the identified combination of two miRNAs is a promising biomarker for ULMS screening and distinction from ULM. The optimal model consisted of two miRNAs (miR-1246 and miR-191-5p). [PMID:31599471]","miRNA-191-5p|MIR-191-5p|miRNA-1246||MIR-1246|MRB:MI0006381"
"A0460","NA|MRB:MIMAT0000449|MRB:MIMAT0000646|MRB:MIMAT0000765","Gastric cancer downregulated miRNA-124-3p,  miRNA-146a-5p, miRNA-155-5p, miRNA-335-5p panel","decreased MIR-124-3p, MIR-146a-5p, MIR-155-5p, MIR-335-5p level","diagnostic","gastric cell line (CL:1000313)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","RNA","...4 screened miRNAs, mir-124-3p, mir-146a-5p, mir-155-5p and mir-335-5p were found to be downregulated in gastric cancer. Clinical significance and bioinformatic analysis on the target genes of these 4 miRNAs indicated that they were deeply involved in tumorigenesis, suggesting roles such as miRNA tumor suppressors in gastric cancer tumorigenesis which could be applied in gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis. [PMID:24805774]","miRNA-124-3p|MIR-124-3p|miRNA-146a-5p|MIR-146a-5p|miRNA-155-5p|MIR-155-5p|miRNA-335-5p|MIR-335-5p|MRB:MIMAT0000449|MRB:MIMAT0000646|MRB:MIMAT0000765"
"A0461","UPKB:Q8WXI7|UPKB:P10451|UPKB:P41159|UPKB:P01236|UPKB:P01344|UPKB:P14174","Ovarian cancer OPN, MUC16, LEP, PRL, IGF2, MIF expression panel","increased MUC16, OPN, LEP, PRL, IGF2, MIF level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","10334-1|21365-2|15081-3|2485-1","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","We describe the first blood biomarker test with a sensitivity of 95.3% and a specificity of 99.4% for the detection of ovarian cancer. Six markers provided a significant improvement over CA-125 alone for ovarian cancer detection. Validation was performed with a blinded cohort. This novel multiplex platform has the potential for efficient screening in patients who are at high risk for ovarian cancer. The combination of the six markers (leptin, prolactin, osteopontin, insulin-like growth factor II, macrophage inhibitory factor, and CA-125) provided a better differentiation than CA-125. [PMID:18258665]","A0035|UPKB:Q8WXI7|A0192|UPKB:P10451|A0215|UPKB:P41159|A0216|UPKB:P01236|A0217|UPKB:P01344|A0218|UPKB:P14174|MUC16|Mucin-16|OPN|Osteopontin|LEP|Leptin|PRL|Prolactin|IGF2|Insulin-like growth factor II|MIF|Macrophage inhibitory factor|Obese protein|Obesity factor|IGF-II|Somatomedin-A|T3M-11-derived growth factor|Macrophage migration inhibitory factor|Glycosylation-inhibiting factor|L-dopachrome isomerase|L-dopachrome tautomerase|Phenylpyruvate tautomerase"
"A0462","PCCID:123932|CHEBI:168264|PCCID:14717808|PCCID:46937960","High-grade urinary bladder cancer upregulated tryptophan metabolism panel","increased tryptophan metabolites level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","metabolite","Panels of metabolites were discovered to have potential value for high-grade NMIBC and low-grade NMIBC diagnosis as well as for NMIBC grading distinction. Our data will not only benefit the application of the urine metabolome in disease biomarker discovery but also contribute to the exploration of the initiation of NMIBC. Metabolites involved in tryptophan metabolism were upregulated in the urine of high-grade NMIBC patients when compared with low-grade NMIBC patients with the presence or absence of hematuria. The metabolite panel including dopamine 4-sulfate, MG00/1846Z,9Z,12Z,15Z/00, aspartyl-histidine, and tyrosyl-methionine was found in a discovery set, which showed the predictive ability to distinguish the NMIBC group from the control group with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.838 in an external validation set. The AUC of the panel for low-grade NMIBC samples, which consisted of 3-hydroxy-cis-5-tetradecenoylcarnitine, 6-ketoestriol, beta-cortolone, tetrahydrocorticosterone, and heptylmalonic acid, was 0.899. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.881 and 0.786, respectively. [PMID:30450336]","PCCID:123932|CHEBI:168264|PCCID:14717808|PCCID:46937960"
"A0463","CHEBI:89748|PCCID:11876959|PCCID:245259|PCCID:65553|PCCID:136574","Low-grade urinary bladder cancer tryptophan metabolism panel","measured 3-Hydroxy-cis-5-tetradecenoylcarnitine, 6-Ketoestriol, Beta-cortolone, Tetrahydrocorticosterone, Heptylmalonic acid level","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","metabolite","Panels of metabolites were discovered to have potential value for high-grade NMIBC and low-grade NMIBC diagnosis as well as for NMIBC grading distinction. Our data will not only benefit the application of the urine metabolome in disease biomarker discovery but also contribute to the exploration of the initiation of NMIBC. Metabolites involved in tryptophan metabolism were upregulated in the urine of high-grade NMIBC patients when compared with low-grade NMIBC patients with the presence or absence of hematuria. The metabolite panel including dopamine 4-sulfate, MG00/1846Z,9Z,12Z,15Z/00, aspartyl-histidine, and tyrosyl-methionine was found in a discovery set, which showed the predictive ability to distinguish the NMIBC group from the control group with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.838 in an external validation set. The AUC of the panel for low-grade NMIBC samples, which consisted of 3-hydroxy-cis-5-tetradecenoylcarnitine, 6-ketoestriol, beta-cortolone, tetrahydrocorticosterone, and heptylmalonic acid, was 0.899. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.881 and 0.786, respectively. [PMID:30450336]","CHEBI:89748|PCCID:11876959|PCCID:245259|PCCID:65553|PCCID:136574"
"A0464","UPKB:P19474|UPKB:P78358|UPKB:P04637|UPKB:Q06710","Ovarian cancer TRIM21, NY-ESO-1, TP53, PAX8 expression panel","measured TRIM21, NY-ESO-1, TP53, PAX8 level","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","TRIM21 achieved the highest sensitivity in the first validation screening of 33% with 100% specificity. Combining TRIM21 with NY-ESO-1, TP53, and PAX8 provided 67% sensitivity with 94% specificity, and 56% sensitivity at 98% specificity. These four markers resulted in 46% sensitivity with 98% specificity in the second validation cohort. Autoantibodies to TRIM21, NY-ESO-1, and TP53 may complement CA125 in screening of women at genetic risk for ovarian cancer. [PMID:32083570]","UPKB:P19474|UPKB:P04637|UPKB:Q06710|A0284|E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21|TRIM21|NY-ESO-1|Cellular tumor antigen p53|Antigen NY-CO-13|Phosphoprotein p53|Tumor suppressor p53|Tumor protein 53|Paired box protein Pax-8|PAX8|52 kDa Ro protein|52 kDa ribonucleoprotein autoantigen Ro/SS-A|RING finger protein 81|RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase TRIM21|Ro(SS-A)|Sjoegren syndrome type A antigen (SS-A)|Tripartite motif-containing protein 21|Autoimmunogenic cancer/testis antigen NY-ESO-1|Cancer/testis antigen 6.1 |CT6.1|L antigen family member 2 |LAGE-2"
"A0465","MRB:MI0006381|MRB:MI0000077","Breast cancer miR-1246, miR-21 plasma exosome panel","increased MIR-1246, MIR-21 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","RNA","This observation was extended to human plasma samples where miR-1246 and miR-21 were detected at significantly higher levels in the plasma exosomes of 16 patients with breast cancer as compared to the plasma exosomes of healthy control subjects. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the combination of plasma exosome miR-1246 and miR-21 is a better indicator of breast cancer than their individual levels. [PMID:27608715]","miRNA-1246|MIR-1246|miRNA-21|MIR-21|MRB:MI0006381|MRB:MI0000077|EDRN panel biomarker"
"A0466","UPKB:P01584|UPKB:Q99943|UPKB:P61769|UPKB:P17677|UPKB:P46695","Ovarian cancer AGPAT1, B2M, BASP2, IER3, IL1B RNA signature panel","decreased IL1B, AGPAT1, B2M, BASP2, IER3 level","diagnostic","saliva (UN:0001836)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","RNA","The logistic regression model revealed the combination of five validated biomarkers (AGPAT1, B2M, BASP2, IER3, and IL1B) can significantly discriminate ovarian cancer patients (n = 21) from the healthy controls (n = 35), yielding a receiver operating characteristic plot, area under the curve value of 0.909 with 85.7% sensitivity and 91.4% specificity. In summary, we have demonstrated that the RNA signatures in saliva could serve as biomarkers for detection of ovarian cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. [PMID:22095100]","A0445|Interleukin-1 beta protein|IL1B|Catabolin|IL1F2|A0320||1-Acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha|AGPAT1|1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 1|1-AGP acyltransferase 1|1-AGPAT 1|Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase alpha 1|LPAAT-alpha|Protein G15|A0321|Beta-2-microglobulin|B2M|A0322|Growth associated protein 43|BASP2|Neuromodulin|Axonal membrane protein GAP-43|Growth-associated protein 43|GAP43|Neural phosphoprotein B-50|pp46|A0323|Radiation-inducible immediate-early gene IEX-1|IER3|Differentiation-dependent gene 2 protein|Protein DIF-2|Immediate early protein GLY96|Immediate early response 3 protein|PACAP-responsive gene 1 protein|Protein PRG1|UPKB:P01584|UPKB:Q99943|UPKB:P61769|UPKB:P17677|UPKB:P46695"
"A0467","UPKB:Q12988|UPKB:Q02252|UPKB:Q99623","Prostate cancer trio-biomarker HSP27, ALDH6A1, Prohibitin overexpression panel","increased HSP27, ALDH6A1, PHB level","prognostic","prostate gland (UN:0002367)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","protein","In the present study, ALDH6A1 overexpression was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion in PCa. SP27 expression is correlated with clinical PCa progression, with the highest expression found in metastatic PCa. HSP expression independently predicts clinical outcome in prostate cancer, However, unlike previous studies showing that prohibitin expression suppresses prostate cancer, our findings show that prohibitin expression is higher in prostate cancer compared to normal cells. Also, this expression was stronger in higher-grade than in lower-grade cancers, and was stronger in metastatic prostate cancer than in localised cancers. HSP 27, ALDH6A1 and prohibitin were highly specific to metastatic tumor cells. Of all proteins, phohibitin had the highest value in predicting survival. However, all three proteins were a stronger marker than each one separately. Trio-biomarker composed of HSP27, ALDH6A1 and prohibitin may predict survival of metastatic prostate cancer patients. However, all three proteins were a stronger marker than each one separately. [PMID:30396985]","MMSDH|Malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating]|Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 6 member A1|Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial|ALDH6A1|Unclear if the Prohibitin component is Prohibitin 1 or Prohibitin-2|PHB1|UPKB:P35232|PHB2|UPKB:Q99623|UPKB:Q02252|Unclear if the Heat shock protein component is Heat shock protein beta-1 or Heat shock protein beta-3|UPKB:P04792|HSPB1|HSP27|HSP28|HspB1|28 kDa heat shock protein|Estrogen-regulated 24 kDa protein|Heat shock 27 kDa protein|HSP 27|Stress-responsive protein 27|SRP27|UPKB:Q12988|HSPB3|HSP27|HSPL27|HspB3|Heat shock 17 kDa protein|HSP 17|Protein 3"
"A0469","UPKB:Q9NRS4|UPKB:Q16610","Thyroid gland cancer upregulated ECM1, TMPRSS4 expression panel","increased ECM1, TMPRSS4 level","diagnostic","thyroid gland (UN:0002046)","","thyroid gland cancer (DOID:1781)","protein","By cDNA array analysis, ADAMTS8, ECM1, MMP8, PLAU, SELP, and TMPRSS4 were upregulated, and by quantitative PCR, ECM1, SELP, and TMPRSS4 mRNA expression was higher in malignant (n = 57) than in benign (n = 38) thyroid neoplasms. Combining both markers improved their diagnostic use (AUC 0.985; sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 89.8%; positive predictive value, 85.7%; negative predictive value, 82.8%). ECM1 and TMPRSS4 expression analysis improved the diagnostic accuracy of FNA biopsy in 35 of 38 indeterminate or suspicious results. [PMID:16135921]","A0344|Extracellular matrix protein 1|ECM1|Secretory component p85|A0343|Transmembrane protease serine 4|TMPRSS4|Channel-activating protease 2|CAPH2|Membrane-type serine protease 2|MT-SP2|Transmembrane protease serine 4 catalytic chain|UPKB:Q16610|UPKB:Q9NRS4"
"A0470","UPKB:P01042|UPKB:P02771|UPKB:Q8NBJ4","Liver cancer GOLM1, FC-KIN, FC-A1AT panel","increased GOLM1, FC-KIN, FC-A1AT level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","protein","The levels of fucosylated kininogen (Fc-Kin) and fucosylated α-1-antitrypsin were significantly higher in patients with HCC compared with those with cirrhosis (P < 0.0001). Greatest performance was achieved through the combination of Fc-Kin, α-fetoprotein, and GP73. These markers when used in combination with GP73 had an overall performance that was better than AFP alone. GP73 had a mean increase of 2.4-fold in patients with cirrhosis, 8.4-fold in patients with stage I or II HCC, and 8.1-fold in patients with stage III or IV HCC. [PMID:19454616]","EDRN panel biomarker|A0224|Golgi membrane protein 1|GOLM1|A0225|Fucosylated kininogen|FC-KIN|Fucosylated alpha-1-antitrypsin|A1AT|UPKB:Q8NBJ4|GP73|A0225|UPKB:P01042|UPKB:P01009"
"A0471","UPKB:Q8WXI7|UPKB:P10451","Ovarian cancer Osteopontin, MUC16 expression panel","increased OPN, CA125 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","protein","Osteopontin levels in plasma were significantly higher (P<.001) in 51 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (486.5 ng/mL) compared with those of 107 healthy controls (147.1 ng/mL), 46 patients with benign ovarian disease (254.4 ng/mL), and 47 patients with other gynecologic cancers (260.9 ng/mL). [PMID:11926891] Preoperative plasma OPN levels were significantly higher in patients with ovarian cancer than in those with benign ovarian tumor, in other gynecologic patients or in healthy women. The sensitivity of preoperative plasma OPN in detecting ovarian cancer was 81.3% and almost reached that of CA125. The specificity was moderate. Sensitivity increased to 93.8% with the combination of CA125, compared to 84.4% with CA125 alone. [PMID: 16764622]","EDRN panel biomarker|A0192|Osteopontin|OPN|A0035|Mucin-16|MUC16|CA125|UPKB:P10451|UPKB:Q8WXI7"
"A0472","UPKB:P06731|UPKB:Q15020|UPKB:P01009|UPKB:P09455","Lung cancer CEACAM5, SART3, A1AT, RBP protein panel","measured CEACAM5, SART3, A1AT, RBP level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis selected a panel of four markers that most efficiently predicted which patients had lung cancer. Four serum proteins-carcinoembryonic antigen, retinol binding protein, alpha1-antitrypsin, and squamous cell carcinoma antigen-were collectively found to correctly classify the majority of lung cancer. This panel of four serum proteins is valuable in suggesting the diagnosis of lung cancer. These data may be useful for treating patients with an indeterminate pulmonary lesion, and potentially in predicting individuals at high risk for lung cancer. [PMID:18065730]","EDRN panel biomarker|A0034|Carcinoembryonic antigen|CEACAM5|A0037|Squamous cell carcinoma antigen|SART3|A0191|Alpha-1-antitrypsin|A1AT|A0252|Retinol binding protein|RBP|Retinol-binding protein 1|Cellular retinol-binding protein|CRBP|Cellular retinol-binding protein I|CRBP-I|UPKB:P06731|UPKB:Q15020|UPKB:P01009|UPKB:P09455"
"A0473","UPKB:P0DJI8|UPKB:P02741","Breast cancer circulating SAA1, CRP panel","increased SAA1, CRP level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","71426-1","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","Circulating SAA and CRP may be important prognostic markers for long-term survival in breast cancer patients, independent of race, tumor stage, and body mass index. [PMID:19470939]","A0016|UPKB:P0DJI8|A0009|UPKB:P02741|Serum amyloid A protein|SAA1|A0009|C-reactive protein|CRP"
"A0474","UPKB:Q8N726|UPKB:Q9NS23|UPKB:Q9NS64|UPKB:Q13761","Gastric cancer circulating methylated P16, RASSF1A, RPRM, RUNX3 DNA panel","hypermethylated P16, RASSF1A, RPRM, RUNX3 gene","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","gene","Methylated P16, RASSF1A, RPRM, and RUNX3 were significantly higher in the GC patients (41.7, 33.3, 66.7, and 58.3%) compared to the controls (15.9, 0.0, 6.8, and 4.5%), respectively (p<0.001). Stratification of patients showed that RPRM (AUC: 0.70, Sensitivity: 0.47, Specificity: 0.93, and p<0.001) and RUNX3 (AUC: 0.77, Sensitivity: 0.59, Specificity: 0.95, and p<0.001) had the highest performances in detection of early-stage (I+II) GC. The combined methylation of RPRM and RUNX3 in detection of early-stage GC had a higher AUC of 0.88 (SE=0.042; 95% CI:0.793-0.957; p<0.001), higher sensitivity of 0.82 and reduced specificity of 0.89. [PMID:32431794]","P16|UPKB:Q8N726|Tumor suppressor ARF|CDKN2A|RASSF1A|UPKB:Q9NS23|Ras association domain-containing protein 1|RPRM|UPKB:Q9NS64|Protein reprimo|RUNX3|UPKB:Q13761|Runt-related transcription factor 3"
"A0476","UPKB:P16422|UPKB:P16070|UPKB:P21980","Uterine cancer increased plasma CD44, EPCAM, TGM2 panel","increased CD44, EPCAM, TGM2 level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","LP234195-8","uterine cancer (DOID:363)","protein","Significantly increased concentration in EC as compared to healthy controls were found in case of CD44 (p < 0.001), EpCAM (p = 0.033) and TGM2 (p < 0.001). EpCAM and mesothelin concentrations differed based on FIGO stages. Regression analysis revealed marker panels with high accuracy in detection of EC (Endometrial cancer). The highest AUC 0.937 was attributed to the 3-marker panel of CD44/TGM2/EpCAM (84% sensitivity, 100% specificity), FIGO IA samples were discriminated from more advanced stages of EC with the mesothelin/grade 1 model featuring AUC of 0.911 (95.24% sensitivity, 78.26% specificity). Novel plasma biomarkers presenting good accuracy in diagnosing EC were found with TGM2 reported for the first time as plasma marker. It was also revealed that endometriosis may share similarities in the pattern of markers alterations characteristic for EC. [PMID:31035965]","UPKB:P16422|UPKB:P16070|UPKB:P21980|CD44 antigen/Indian blood group|MTHU022199|Epithelial cell adhesion molecule|EPCAM|Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2|Transglutaminase 2|TGM2"
"A0477","PRO:PR_000050367|NA","Lung cancer peripheral blood NLR, LDH, PNI panel","measured NLR, LDH, PNI level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","14804-9","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","cell|protein","In patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-1 inhibitors, pretreatment NLR, LDH, and PNI may be useful predictive markers of clinical outcome and irAEs. NLR < 5, LDH < 240 U/L, or PNI ≥ 45 was favorably associated with significantly better outcomes compared with higher, higher, or lower values, respectively. The multivariate analysis determined that these parameters were independently associated with both better PFS (p = 0.049, 0.046, 0.014, respectively) and longer OS (p = 0.007, 0.031, < 0.001, respectively). Patients with three favorable factors among NLR, LDH, and PNI had better PFS and OS than did those with two, one, or none. PNI and NLR were associated with the onset of irAEs. In patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-1 inhibitors, pretreatment NLR, LDH, and PNI may be useful predictive markers of clinical outcome and irAEs. [PMID:32350592]","A0010|Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio|NLR|A0021|Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH|PRO:PR_000050367|A0444|prognostic nutrition index|PNI|NCIt:C141271|advanced non-small cell lung cancer|NSCLC"
"A0477","PRO:PR_000050367|NA","Lung cancer peripheral blood NLR, LDH, PNI panel","increased NLR ratio","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","cell","In patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-1 inhibitors, pretreatment NLR, LDH, and PNI may be useful predictive markers of clinical outcome and irAEs. NLR < 5, LDH < 240 U/L, or PNI ≥ 45 was favorably associated with significantly better outcomes compared with higher, higher, or lower values, respectively. The multivariate analysis determined that these parameters were independently associated with both better PFS (p = 0.049, 0.046, 0.014, respectively) and longer OS (p = 0.007, 0.031, < 0.001, respectively). Patients with three favorable factors among NLR, LDH, and PNI had better PFS and OS than did those with two, one, or none. PNI and NLR were associated with the onset of irAEs. In patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-1 inhibitors, pretreatment NLR, LDH, and PNI may be useful predictive markers of clinical outcome and irAEs. [PMID:32350592]","A0010|Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio|NLR"
"A0478","UPKB:Q8WW12|NA|UPKB:Q96HD1|UPKB:Q9H2H9|UPKB:P07951|UPKB:O60907|UPKB:P37058|UPKB:Q01628|UPKB:P11836|UPKB:Q8N6V9|UPKB:Q9H3Y8|UPKB:Q9BZL4|UPKB:Q9NZJ9|UPKB:P55268|UPKB:Q8IXV7|UPKB:P12111|UPKB:Q9Y4I1|UPKB:P17405|UPKB:Q5BKZ1|UPKB:Q9UL40|UPKB:O76003|UPKB:Q08380|UPKB:P24844|UPKB:Q9Y5V0|UPKB:A4D0V7|UPKB:Q8IZD0|UPKB:Q14894|UPKB:Q92686|UPKB:P11177|UPKB:Q9GZN7|UPKB:Q92558|UPKB:O95714|UPKB:Q9H8U3|UPKB:Q8WWK9|UPKB:P36404|UPKB:Q96IZ7|UPKB:Q9Y251|UPKB:Q9UHC1|UPKB:P56202|UPKB:O43741|UPKB:Q8TEA8|UPKB:O75955|UPKB:Q9Y3B8","Lung cancer forty-eight-gene TEP liquid-biopsy panel","measured 48 gene expression level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","lung cancer (DOID:1324)","protein","48 biomarker genes accurately predicted NSCLC with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Matthews correlation coefficients of 0.925, 0.827, 0.889, and 0.760, respectively. Network analysis of the 48 genes revealed that the WASF1 actin cytoskeleton module, PRKAB2 kinase module, RSRC1 ribosomal protein module, PDHB carbohydrate-metabolism module, and three intermodule hubs (TPM2, MYL9, and PPP1R12C) may play important roles in NSCLC tumorigenesis and progression. The 48-gene TEP liquid-biopsy biomarkers will facilitate early screening of NSCLC and prolong the survival of cancer patients. [PMID:30532555]","PCNP|SNRD13|CRELD1|SLC38A1|TPM2|TBL1X|HSD17B3|IFITM3|MS4A1|TEX9|PPDPF|PPP1R12C|AC004053.1|NUDT4|LAMB2|KLHDC8B|MEF2C-AS1|COL6A3|MYO5A|SMPD1|ZNF326|ZNF346|GLRX3|LGALS3BP|MYL9|ZNF706|CPED1|WDR11-AS1|SAMD14|CRYM|NRGN|PDHB|ROGDI|WASF1|AC090615.1|HERC2|ZFAND3|CKAP2|ARL2|RSRC1|HPSE|MLH3|CTSW|PRKAB2|DTD1|FLOT1|AL355073.1|REXO2|UPKB:Q8WW12|UPKB:Q96HD1|UPKB:Q9H2H9|UPKB:P07951|UPKB:O60907|UPKB:P37058|UPKB:Q01628|UPKB:P11836|UPKB:Q8N6V9|UPKB:Q9H3Y8|UPKB:Q9BZL4|UPKB:Q9NZJ9|UPKB:P55268|UPKB:Q8IXV7|UPKB:P12111|UPKB:Q9Y4I1|UPKB:P17405|UPKB:Q5BKZ1|UPKB:Q9UL40|UPKB:O76003|UPKB:Q08380|UPKB:P24844|UPKB:Q9Y5V0|UPKB:A4D0V7|UPKB:Q8IZD0|UPKB:Q14894|UPKB:Q92686|UPKB:P11177|UPKB:Q9GZN7|UPKB:Q92558|UPKB:O95714|UPKB:Q9H8U3|UPKB:Q8WWK9|UPKB:P36404|UPKB:Q96IZ7|UPKB:Q9Y251|UPKB:Q9UHC1|UPKB:P56202|UPKB:O43741|UPKB:Q8TEA8|UPKB:O75955|UPKB:Q9Y3B8|A0266|A0263|A0265|A0267|A0205|A0264"
"A0479","","UroMark bladder cancer 150 CpG loci methylation assay panel","increased 150 CpG loci methylation","diagnostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","urinary bladder cancer (DOID:11054)","gene","We defined a 150 CpG loci biomarker panel from a cohort of 86 muscle-invasive bladder cancers and 30 normal urothelium. Based on this panel, we developed the UroMark assay, a next-generation bisulphite sequencing assay and analysis pipeline for the detection of bladder cancer from urinary sediment DNA. The UroMark panel was defined using pre-set criteria in the training cohort (Table 1) as follows: in order for probes to be considered as potential biomarker candidates, they had to show no or very low methylation (beta  <10%) in normal urothelium, blood and non-cancer urine samples and methylation (beta) of >50% in bladder cancer. A <10% cut was selected from the analysis of beta values from fully unmethylated control DNA. The probes passing this filter were subsequently used to generate a classifier using a random forest model. [PMID:28163793]","FDA approval for detection of bladder cancer but not approved for stand-alone test to replace cystoscopy|list of specific UroMark CpG methylation loci is available at PMID:28163793, Additional file 1: Table S4, dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13148-016-0303-5 (12/02/2022)"
"A0480","CO:CL_0000233","Platelet (PLAT) aggregation","increased PLAT aggregation","risk","blood (UN:0000178)","11125-2","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","cell","Platelets significantly increased the invasiveness of the 3 types of mammalian tumor cell tested (MDA-MB231, MCF-7 and ZR-51). This increased invasiveness is due, at least partially, to an increase in gelatinase secretion. This was shown in the case of MDA-MB231 where the basal level of gelatinase was greatly stimulated by platelets. [PMID:7829253]",""
"A0481","UPKB:O15123","Angiopoietin-2 protein (ANGPT2)","increased ANGPT2 level","prognostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","COVID-19 (DOID:0080600)","protein","Angiopoietin-2 is a relevant predictive factor for ICU direct admission in COVID-19 patients. This result showing an endothelial activation reinforces the hypothesis of a COVID-19-associated microvascular dysfunction. [PMID:32458111]","Measured in plasma (UN:0001969) as well."
"A0482","UPKB:P00533","Epidermal growth factor receptor protein (EGFR)","increased EGFR level","prognostic","breast (UN:0000310)","13659-8","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","protein","The high expression of EGFR can be used to predict the severity of IBC, as well as the candidate biomarkers of metastasis, and it may also be associated with poor prognosis of IBC patients. [PMID:30431376]","EDRN biomarker|EGFR is also associated with various other cancers, most notably due to mutations that result in increased protein expression|Also a predictive biomarker|Increased expression of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)|Alternate LOINC ID:14050-9|Epidermal growth factor receptor [Moles/mass] in tissue"
"A0482","UPKB:P00533","Epidermal growth factor receptor protein (EGFR)","increased EGFR level","prognostic","stomach (UN:0000945)","13659-8","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","protein","One hundred and forty cases (27.4%) showed EGFR overexpression by IHC. EGFR overexpression was associated with older age (P = 0.001), moderately or poorly differentiated histology (P = 0.001) and higher stage disease (P = 0.046). [PMID:18397279]","FDA and EDRN biomarker|Overexpression of EGFR|Alternate LOINC ID:14050-9|Epidermal growth factor receptor [Moles/mass] in tissue"
"A0483","GTC:G35622MN","Monosialylated core fucosylated N-glycan","increased monosialylated core fucosylated N-glycan level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). [PMID:18487288]",""
"A0484","GTC:G03692CL","Disialylated Lewis fucosylated triantennary core fucosylated N-glycan","increased disialylated Lewis fucosylated triantennary core fucosylated N-glycan level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). [PMID:18487288]",""
"A0485","GTC:G28790AT","Disialylated tetraantennary core fucosylated N-glycan","increased disialylated tetraantennary core fucosylated N-glycan level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). [PMID:18487288]",""
"A0486","GTC:G20102QS","Trisialylated Lewis fucosylated triantennary core fucosylated N-glycan","increased trisialylated Lewis fucosylated triantennary core fucosylated N-glycan level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). [PMID:18487288]",""
"A0487","GTC:G72750GQ","Trisialylated core fucosylated tetraantennary N-glycan","increased trisialylated core fucosylated tetraantennary N-glycan level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). [PMID:18487288]",""
"A0488","GTC:G66374JF","Tetrasialylated tetraantennary N-glycan","increased tetrasialylated tetraantennary N-glycan level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). [PMID:18487288]",""
"A0489","GTC:G46440UD","Disialylated triantennary N-glycan","decreased disialylated triantennary N-glycan level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). [PMID:18487288]",""
"A0490","GTC:G41793DV","Monosialylated hybrid N-glycan","decreased monosialylated hybrid N-glycan level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","Two statistical procedures implicated several sialylated and fucosylated N-glycan structures as highly probable biomarkers. Quantitative changes according to a cancer stage resulted when we categorized the glycans according to molecular size, number of oligomer branches, and abundance of sugar residues. Increases in sialylation and fucosylation of glycan structures appeared to be indicative of cancer progression. Different statistical evaluations confirmed independently that changes in the relative intensities of 8 N-glycans are characteristic of breast cancer (P < 0.001), whereas other glycan structures might contribute additionally to distinctions in the statistically recognizable patterns (different stages). [PMID:18487288]",""
"A0491","GTC:G85767HW","Biantennary bisected core fucosylated N-glycan (A2G1(6)FB)","increased (A2G1(6)FB) level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","liver cancer (DOID:3571)","glycan","The level of serum N-glycan A2G1(6)FB, a biantennary N-glycan containing core fucose and bisecting GlcNAc residues, was significantly higher in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected cirrhotic patients with HCC than in those without HCC. In addition, A2G1(6)FB was detectable in HCV-infected patients with early-stage HCC. In conclusion, the N-glycan A2G1(6)FB may be a potential biomarker to detect early HCC development in HCV-infected patients. [PMID:33255418]",""
"A0492","UPKB:P16070|GTC:G36123IU","Circulating CD44v6 variant and STn O-glycoform panel","measured CD44 STn glycoforms","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","glycan|protein","Two identified candidate O-glycoprotein biomarkers (CD44 and GalNAc-T5) circulating with the STn glycoform were further validated as being expressed in gastric cancer tissue. This study clearly shows that cancer patients have a variety of circulating O-glycoproteins with the STn glycoform, and supports the hypothesis that these glycoproteins originate from the cancer tissue. We confirmed that gastric cancer tissue express the CD44v6 variant and carries STn O-glycans by in situ PLA. It is therefore likely that CD44v6/STn in serum originate from cancer cells and may represent a useful biomarker. [PMID:25813380]","CD44v6|CD44v6/STn|CD44 antigen|CDw44|Epican|Extracellular matrix receptor III|ECMR-III|GP90 lymphocyte homing/adhesion receptor|HUTCH-I|CD44|UPKB:P16070|STn glycoform|GTC:G36123IU"
"A0493","UPKB:Q7Z7M9|GTC:G36123IU","Circulating GalNAc-T5 and STn O-glycoform panel","measured GalNAc-T5 STn glycoforms","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","stomach cancer (DOID:10534)","glycan|protein","Two identified candidate O-glycoprotein biomarkers (CD44 and GalNAc-T5) circulating with the STn glycoform were further validated as being expressed in gastric cancer tissue. This study clearly shows that cancer patients have a variety of circulating O-glycoproteins with the STn glycoform, and supports the hypothesis that these glycoproteins originate from the cancer tissue. Nevertheless, the present study provides compelling evidence that GalNAc-T5 is shed from gastric tumors with STn O-glycans and may have potential as a biomarker. [PMID:25813380]","Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5|Polypeptide GalNAc transferase 5|GalNAc-T5|pp-GaNTase 5|Protein-UDP acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5|UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 5|GALNT5|STn glycoform|GTC:G36123IU"
"A0494","GTC:G52069SB","Biantennary core fucosylated N-glycan","decreased biantennary core fucosylated N-glycan level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","glycan","The changes in the relative intensities of three of the known glycan structures predicted esophageal adenocarcinoma with 94% sensitivity and better than 60% specificity as determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. We have demonstrated that comparative glycomic profiling of EAC reveals a subset of glycans that can be selected as candidate biomarkers. These markers can differentiate disease-free from HGD, disease-free from EAC, and HGD from EAC. [PMID:19441788]",""
"A0495","GTC:G86265JV","Monogalactosylated biantennary core fucosylated N-glycan","decreased monogalactosylated biantennary core fucosylated N-glycan level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","glycan","The changes in the relative intensities of three of the known glycan structures predicted esophageal adenocarcinoma with 94% sensitivity and better than 60% specificity as determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. We have demonstrated that comparative glycomic profiling of EAC reveals a subset of glycans that can be selected as candidate biomarkers. These markers can differentiate disease-free from HGD, disease-free from EAC, and HGD from EAC. [PMID:19441788]",""
"A0496","GTC:G06014UR","Monosialylated monogalactosylated biantennary N-glycan","decreased monosialylated monogalactosylated biantennary N-glycan level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","esophageal cancer (DOID:5041)","glycan","The changes in the relative intensities of three of the known glycan structures predicted esophageal adenocarcinoma with 94% sensitivity and better than 60% specificity as determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. We have demonstrated that comparative glycomic profiling of EAC reveals a subset of glycans that can be selected as candidate biomarkers. These markers can differentiate disease-free from HGD, disease-free from EAC, and HGD from EAC. [PMID:19441788]",""
"A0497","GTC:G80966KZ","Man6 high mannose N-glycan (F0H6N2S0)","increased F0H6N2S0 level","diagnostic","tissue (UN:0000479)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","In comparing the N-glycan profiles of healthy individuals with those suffering from breast cancer, six N-glycans with AUC greater than 0.9 indicated excellent diagnostic accuracy (Figure 4). Of those, two bisected N-glycans (F0H4N5S0 and F1H4N5S0, Figure 4A,B) exhibited decreased relative abundances, while the other four N-glycans included three high-mannose N-glycans (F0H6N2S0, F0H7N2S0, and F0H8N2S0, Figure 4C,D,E), and fucosylated glycan (F1H3N2S0, Figure 4F) exhibited increased relative abundances. Overall, three high-mannose N-glycans (F0H6N2S0, F0H7N2S0, F0H8N2S0) exhibited significant diagnostic accuracy in both breast cancer cells and tissues, suggesting their potential role in biomarkers. [PMID:30889355]",""
"A0498","GTC:G36059IK","Man7 high mannose N-glycan (F0H7N2S0)","increased F0H7N2S0 level","diagnostic","tissue (UN:0000479)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","In comparing the N-glycan profiles of healthy individuals with those suffering from breast cancer, six N-glycans with AUC greater than 0.9 indicated excellent diagnostic accuracy (Figure 4). Of those, two bisected N-glycans (F0H4N5S0 and F1H4N5S0, Figure 4A,B) exhibited decreased relative abundances, while the other four N-glycans included three high-mannose N-glycans (F0H6N2S0, F0H7N2S0, and F0H8N2S0, Figure 4C,D,E), and fucosylated glycan (F1H3N2S0, Figure 4F) exhibited increased relative abundances. Overall, three high-mannose N-glycans (F0H6N2S0, F0H7N2S0, F0H8N2S0) exhibited significant diagnostic accuracy in both breast cancer cells and tissues, suggesting their potential role in biomarkers. [PMID:30889355]",""
"A0499","GTC:G66676MI","Man8 high mannose N-glycan (F0H8N2S0)","increased F0H8N2S0 level","diagnostic","tissue (UN:0000479)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","In comparing the N-glycan profiles of healthy individuals with those suffering from breast cancer, six N-glycans with AUC greater than 0.9 indicated excellent diagnostic accuracy (Figure 4). Of those, two bisected N-glycans (F0H4N5S0 and F1H4N5S0, Figure 4A,B) exhibited decreased relative abundances, while the other four N-glycans included three high-mannose N-glycans (F0H6N2S0, F0H7N2S0, and F0H8N2S0, Figure 4C,D,E), and fucosylated glycan (F1H3N2S0, Figure 4F) exhibited increased relative abundances. Overall, three high-mannose N-glycans (F0H6N2S0, F0H7N2S0, F0H8N2S0) exhibited significant diagnostic accuracy in both breast cancer cells and tissues, suggesting their potential role in biomarkers. [PMID:30889355]",""
"A0500","GTC:G41793DV|NA|GTC:G46440UD|GTC:G44246UD|GTC:G67579EM|GTC:G42079FQ|GTC:G53972TI|GTC:G12638YK|GTC:G09503CT","Nine sialylated and fucosylated CRPC N-glycans panel","increased eight N-glycans level","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","glycan","N-Glycan profiling was compared between the non-CRPC (BPH, newly diagnosed PC and PC-ADT) and CRPC patients. We obtained the quantitative score for CRPC (CRPC N-glycan score) by discriminant analysis based on the combination of 9 N-glycans that were significantly associated with CRPC. The median CRPC N-glycan score was found to be significantly greater in CRPC patients than in non-CRPC patients. The overexpression of specific N-glycans may be associated with their castration-resistant status and be a potential biomarker for CRPC. [PMID:31727974]","Monosialylated monogalactosylated hybrid N-glycan|GTC:G41793DV|Triantennary N-glycan|Disialylated triantennary N-glycan|GTC:G46440UD|Disialylated triantennary core fucosylated N-glycan|GTC:G44246UD|Trisialylated triantennary N-glycan|GTC:G67579EM|Disialylated tetraantennary N-glycan|GTC:G42079FQ|Trisialylated triantennary core fucosylated N-glycan|GTC:G53972TI|Trisialylated tetraantennary N-glycan|GTC:G12638YK|Tetrasialylated tetraantennary core fucosylated N-glycan|GTC:G09503CT"
"A0501","GTC:G36949LL|GTC:G52069SB","Monosialylated monoantennary N-glycan to digalactosylated biantennary core fucosylated N-glycan ratio","increased monosialylated monoantennary N-glycan to digalactosylated biantennary core fucosylated N-glycan ratio","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","colorectal cancer (DOID:9256)","glycan","Serum glycans, especially the m/z 1708/1914 ratio, were useful for the diagnosis, staging, and prognosis prediction of CRC. The glycan ratio m/z 1708/1914 showed a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.889) than any other single glycan or conventional tumor marker, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (0.766, P = 0.040) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (0.615, P < 0.001). High m/z 1708/1914 was also correlated with an advanced cancer stage and short overall survival. [PMID:35064597]","1708m/z|Monosialylated monoantennary N-glycan|GTC:G36949LL|1914m/z|Biantennary core fucosylated N-glycan|GTC:G52069SB"
"A0502","GTC:G26366JF","Neu5Gc","increased Neu5Gc level","monitoring","blood (UN:0000178)","","breast cancer (DOID:1612)","glycan","Analysis of sera from breast cancer cases revealed significantly elevated levels of Neu5Gc biomarkers at all stages of breast cancer. We show that Neu5Gc serum biomarker levels can discriminate breast cancer patients from cancer-free individuals with 98.96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Neu5Gc serum biomarkers are a promising new tool for early detection and disease monitoring for breast cancer that may complement current imaging- and biopsy-based approaches. [PMID:35346112]",""
"A0503","GTC:G57321FI|UPKB:Q8WXI7","CA125-Tn glycoform","increased Tn glycoform of CA125","predictive","blood (UN:0000178)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","glycan|protein","Serum CA125-Tn level could be a novel biomarker for peritoneal dissemination and a promising predictor of surgical completeness in ovarian cancer. Patients with lower CA125-Tn levels were more likely to have no residual disease. CA125-Tn could help surgeons to adopt optimized treatment strategies for patients with advanced ovarian cancer as a pre-treatment evaluator. [PMID:36564848]","Tn glycoform|CA125|CA-125|Ovarian cancer-related tumor marker CA125|Ovarian carcinoma antigen CA125|Mucin-16|MUC-16|MUC16"
"A0504","GTC:G09737HO|UPKB:P07288","Fucosylated PSA","increased fucosylated PSA level","diagnostic","blood (UN:0000178)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","glycan|protein","Among three fucosylated glycoproteins, the fucosylated PSA was significantly increased and correlated with the tumor Gleason score (p<0.05). The ratio of fucosylated PSA showed a marked increase in aggressive tumors in comparison to non-aggressive tumors. ROC analysis also showed an improved predictive power of fucosylated PSA in the identification of aggressive Pca. Our data suggested that the fucosylated PSA had the potential to be used as a biomarker to separate aggressive from non-aggressive prostate cancers. [PMID:25553114]","Fucose|GTC:G09737HO|PSA|UPKB:P07288"
"A0505","","miRNA-9-3 gene (MIR-9-3)","hypermethylated MIR-9-3 gene","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","...five microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) methylated in the majority of tumor specimens in comparison with paired specimens of histologically intact tissue (37-57% vs. 4-9%, p<0.01). Methylation of three genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, and MIR-130b) was significantly (p≤0.05) associated with the parameters of ovarian cancer progress (clinical stage, differentiation degree, tumor size, and presence of metastases). These findings attest to oncosuppressive role of the studied microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) in the pathogenesis and progress of ovarian cancer and indicated their prognostic potential. [PMID:29313235]",""
"A0506","","miRNA-107 gene (MIR-107)","hypermethylated MIR-107 gene","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","...five microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) methylated in the majority of tumor specimens in comparison with paired specimens of histologically intact tissue (37-57% vs. 4-9%, p<0.01). Methylation of three genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, and MIR-130b) was significantly (p≤0.05) associated with the parameters of ovarian cancer progress (clinical stage, differentiation degree, tumor size, and presence of metastases). These findings attest to oncosuppressive role of the studied microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) in the pathogenesis and progress of ovarian cancer and indicated their prognostic potential. [PMID:29313235]",""
"A0507","","miRNA-1258 gene (MIR-1258)","hypermethylated MIR-1258 gene","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","...five microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) methylated in the majority of tumor specimens in comparison with paired specimens of histologically intact tissue (37-57% vs. 4-9%, p<0.01). Methylation of three genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, and MIR-130b) was significantly (p≤0.05) associated with the parameters of ovarian cancer progress (clinical stage, differentiation degree, tumor size, and presence of metastases). These findings attest to oncosuppressive role of the studied microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) in the pathogenesis and progress of ovarian cancer and indicated their prognostic potential. [PMID:29313235]",""
"A0508","","miRNA-130b gene (MIR-130b)","hypermethylated MIR-130b gene","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","...five microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) methylated in the majority of tumor specimens in comparison with paired specimens of histologically intact tissue (37-57% vs. 4-9%, p<0.01). Methylation of three genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, and MIR-130b) was significantly (p≤0.05) associated with the parameters of ovarian cancer progress (clinical stage, differentiation degree, tumor size, and presence of metastases). These findings attest to oncosuppressive role of the studied microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) in the pathogenesis and progress of ovarian cancer and indicated their prognostic potential. [PMID:29313235]",""
"A0509","MRB:MI0000466","miRNA-9-1 gene (MIR-9-1)","hypermethylated MIR-9-1 gene","prognostic","ovary (UN:0000992)","","ovarian cancer (DOID:2394)","gene","...five microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) methylated in the majority of tumor specimens in comparison with paired specimens of histologically intact tissue (37-57% vs. 4-9%, p<0.01). Methylation of three genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, and MIR-130b) was significantly (p≤0.05) associated with the parameters of ovarian cancer progress (clinical stage, differentiation degree, tumor size, and presence of metastases). These findings attest to oncosuppressive role of the studied microRNA genes (MIR-9-1, MIR-9-3, MIR-107, MIR-1258, and MIR-130b) in the pathogenesis and progress of ovarian cancer and indicated their prognostic potential. [PMID:29313235]",""
"A0510","UPKB:Q9NS23","Ras association domain-containing protein 1 gene (RASSF1)","hypermethylated RASSF1 gene","prognostic","urine (UN:0001088)","","prostate cancer (DOID:10283)","gene","Hypermethylation of RASSF1 in cancerous tissue and urine from patients with prostate cancer correlated with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. The prognostic potential of this biomarker deserves further investigation. [PMID:24980613]",""