diff --git a/hypothesis-python/RELEASE.rst b/hypothesis-python/RELEASE.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f77dec91ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hypothesis-python/RELEASE.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+RELEASE_TYPE: patch
+
+This patch fixes :func:`~hypothesis.strategies.from_type` and
+:func:`~hypothesis.strategies.register_type_strategy` for
+:obj:`python:typing.NewType` on Python 3.10, which changed the
+underlying implementation (see :bpo:`44353` for details).
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/_settings.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/_settings.py
index 8bf291613d..850fceba3c 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/_settings.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/_settings.py
@@ -461,8 +461,14 @@ def all(cls) -> List["HealthCheck"]:
         return list(HealthCheck)
 
     data_too_large = 1
-    """Check for when the typical size of the examples you are generating
-    exceeds the maximum allowed size too often."""
+    """Checks if too many examples are aborted for being too large.
+
+    This is measured by the number of random choices that Hypothesis makes
+    in order to generate something, not the size of the generated object.
+    For example, choosing a 100MB object from a predefined list would take
+    only a few bits, while generating 10KB of JSON from scratch might trigger
+    this health check.
+    """
 
     filter_too_much = 2
     """Check for when the test is filtering out too many examples, either
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/core.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/core.py
index ca360bfe07..97499929dd 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/core.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/core.py
@@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@ def register_type_strategy(
     from hypothesis.strategies._internal import types
 
     if not types.is_a_type(custom_type):
-        raise InvalidArgument("custom_type=%r must be a type")
+        raise InvalidArgument(f"custom_type={custom_type!r} must be a type")
     elif not (isinstance(strategy, SearchStrategy) or callable(strategy)):
         raise InvalidArgument(
             "strategy=%r must be a SearchStrategy, or a function that takes "
diff --git a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/types.py b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/types.py
index 8d11fc56a4..fb4d596771 100644
--- a/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/types.py
+++ b/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/types.py
@@ -98,13 +98,17 @@ def try_issubclass(thing, superclass):
 
 
 def is_a_new_type(thing):
-    # At runtime, `typing.NewType` returns an identity function rather
-    # than an actual type, but we can check whether that thing matches.
-    return (
-        hasattr(thing, "__supertype__")
-        and getattr(thing, "__module__", None) in ("typing", "typing_extensions")
-        and inspect.isfunction(thing)
-    )
+    if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 10):
+        # At runtime, `typing.NewType` returns an identity function rather
+        # than an actual type, but we can check whether that thing matches.
+        return (
+            hasattr(thing, "__supertype__")
+            and getattr(thing, "__module__", None) in ("typing", "typing_extensions")
+            and inspect.isfunction(thing)
+        )
+    # In 3.10 and later, NewType is actually a class - which simplifies things.
+    # See https://bugs.python.org/issue44353 for links to the various patches.
+    return isinstance(thing, typing.NewType)  # pragma: no cover  # on 3.8, anyway
 
 
 def is_a_type(thing):
diff --git a/requirements/coverage.txt b/requirements/coverage.txt
index abf0a90ea6..7304293bb0 100644
--- a/requirements/coverage.txt
+++ b/requirements/coverage.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ coverage==5.5
     # via -r requirements/coverage.in
 lark-parser==0.11.3
     # via -r requirements/coverage.in
-numpy==1.21.0
+numpy==1.21.1
     # via
     #   -r requirements/coverage.in
     #   pandas
diff --git a/requirements/tools.txt b/requirements/tools.txt
index 4477338d00..3d1ebb20ea 100644
--- a/requirements/tools.txt
+++ b/requirements/tools.txt
@@ -155,11 +155,11 @@ packaging==21.0
     #   tox
 parso==0.8.2
     # via jedi
-pathspec==0.8.1
+pathspec==0.9.0
     # via black
 pbr==5.6.0
     # via stevedore
-pep517==0.10.0
+pep517==0.11.0
     # via pip-tools
 pexpect==4.8.0
     # via ipython
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ pytz==2021.1
     # via
     #   babel
     #   django
-pyupgrade==2.21.2
+pyupgrade==2.22.0
     # via shed
 pyyaml==5.4.1
     # via
@@ -290,11 +290,12 @@ toml==0.10.2
     # via
     #   -r requirements/tools.in
     #   mypy
-    #   pep517
     #   pytest
     #   tox
-tomli==1.0.4
-    # via black
+tomli==1.1.0
+    # via
+    #   black
+    #   pep517
 tox==3.24.0
     # via -r requirements/tools.in
 tqdm==4.61.2
@@ -303,7 +304,7 @@ traitlets==4.3.3
     # via
     #   -r requirements/tools.in
     #   ipython
-twine==3.4.1
+twine==3.4.2
     # via -r requirements/tools.in
 types-click==7.1.2
     # via -r requirements/tools.in