diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/Optimizer.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/Optimizer.scala
index c0f6e75ae4bfa..2415646acbbd9 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/Optimizer.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/Optimizer.scala
@@ -1257,9 +1257,9 @@ object CollapseWindow extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
  */
 object TransposeWindow extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
   private def compatiblePartitions(ps1 : Seq[Expression], ps2: Seq[Expression]): Boolean = {
-    ps1.length < ps2.length && ps2.take(ps1.length).permutations.exists(ps1.zip(_).forall {
-      case (l, r) => l.semanticEquals(r)
-    })
+    ps1.length < ps2.length && ps1.forall { expr1 =>
+      ps2.exists(expr1.semanticEquals)
+    }
   }
 
   private def windowsCompatible(w1: Window, w2: Window): Boolean = {
diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/TransposeWindowSuite.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/TransposeWindowSuite.scala
index 60869d7f94842..a9796141c0c7e 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/TransposeWindowSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/TransposeWindowSuite.scala
@@ -143,4 +143,21 @@ class TransposeWindowSuite extends PlanTest {
     comparePlans(optimized, analyzed)
   }
 
+  test("SPARK-38034: transpose two adjacent windows with compatible partitions " +
+    "which is not a prefix") {
+    val query = testRelation
+      .window(Seq(sum(c).as('sum_a_2)), partitionSpec4, orderSpec2)
+      .window(Seq(sum(c).as('sum_a_1)), partitionSpec3, orderSpec1)
+
+    val analyzed = query.analyze
+    val optimized = Optimize.execute(analyzed)
+
+    val correctAnswer = testRelation
+      .window(Seq(sum(c).as('sum_a_1)), partitionSpec3, orderSpec1)
+      .window(Seq(sum(c).as('sum_a_2)), partitionSpec4, orderSpec2)
+      .select('a, 'b, 'c, 'd, 'sum_a_2, 'sum_a_1)
+
+    comparePlans(optimized, correctAnswer.analyze)
+  }
+
 }