Jib is a Maven plugin for building Docker and OCI images for your Java applications.
For the Gradle plugin, see the jib-gradle-plugin project.
For information about the project, see the Jib project README.
You can containerize your application easily with one command:
mvn compile com.google.cloud.tools:jib-maven-plugin:1.2.0:build -Dimage=<MY IMAGE>This builds and pushes a container image for your application to a container registry. If you encounter authentication issues, see Authentication Methods.
To build to a Docker daemon, use:
mvn compile com.google.cloud.tools:jib-maven-plugin:1.2.0:dockerBuildIf you would like to set up Jib as part of your Maven build, follow the guide below.
In your Maven Java project, add the plugin to your pom.xml:
<project>
...
<build>
<plugins>
...
<plugin>
<groupId>com.google.cloud.tools</groupId>
<artifactId>jib-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.2.0</version>
<configuration>
<to>
<image>myimage</image>
</to>
</configuration>
</plugin>
...
</plugins>
</build>
...
</project>Configure the plugin by setting the image to push to:
Using Google Container Registry (GCR)...
Make sure you have the docker-credential-gcr command line tool. Jib automatically uses docker-credential-gcr for obtaining credentials. See Authentication Methods for other ways of authenticating.
For example, to build the image gcr.io/my-gcp-project/my-app, the configuration would be:
<configuration>
<to>
<image>gcr.io/my-gcp-project/my-app</image>
</to>
</configuration>Make sure you have the docker-credential-ecr-login command line tool. Jib automatically uses docker-credential-ecr-login for obtaining credentials. See Authentication Methods for other ways of authenticating.
For example, to build the image aws_account_id.dkr.ecr.region.amazonaws.com/my-app, the configuration would be:
<configuration>
<to>
<image>aws_account_id.dkr.ecr.region.amazonaws.com/my-app</image>
</to>
</configuration>Using Docker Hub Registry...
Make sure you have a docker-credential-helper set up. For example, on macOS, the credential helper would be docker-credential-osxkeychain. See Authentication Methods for other ways of authenticating.
For example, to build the image my-docker-id/my-app, the configuration would be:
<configuration>
<to>
<image>docker.io/my-docker-id/my-app</image>
</to>
</configuration>Using Azure Container Registry (ACR)...
Make sure you have a ACR Docker Credential Helper installed and set up. For example, on Windows, the credential helper would be docker-credential-acr-windows. See Authentication Methods for other ways of authenticating.
For example, to build the image my_acr_name.azurecr.io/my-app, the configuration would be:
<configuration>
<to>
<image>my_acr_name.azurecr.io/my-app</image>
</to>
</configuration>Build your container image with:
mvn compile jib:buildSubsequent builds are much faster than the initial build.
Having trouble? Let us know by submitting an issue, contacting us on Gitter, or posting to the Jib users forum.
Jib can also build your image directly to a Docker daemon. This uses the docker command line tool and requires that you have docker available on your PATH.
mvn compile jib:dockerBuildIf you are using minikube's remote Docker daemon, make sure you set up the correct environment variables to point to the remote daemon:
eval $(minikube docker-env)
mvn compile jib:dockerBuildAlternatively, you can set environment variables in the Jib configuration. See dockerClient for more configuration options.
You can build and save your image to disk as a tarball with:
mvn compile jib:buildTarThis builds and saves your image to target/jib-image.tar, which you can load into docker with:
docker load --input target/jib-image.tarYou can also bind jib:build to a Maven lifecycle, such as package, by adding the following execution to your jib-maven-plugin definition:
<plugin>
<groupId>com.google.cloud.tools</groupId>
<artifactId>jib-maven-plugin</artifactId>
...
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>build</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>Then, you can build your container image by running:
mvn packageAs part of an image build, Jib also writes out the image digest to
target/jib-image.digest, as well as the image ID to target/jib-image.id.
Extended configuration options provide additional options for customizing the image build.
| Field | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
to |
to |
Required | Configures the target image to build your application to. |
from |
from |
See from |
Configures the base image to build your application on top of. |
container |
container |
See container |
Configures the container that is run from your image. |
extraDirectories |
extraDirectories |
See extraDirectories |
Configures the directories used to add arbitrary files to the image. |
allowInsecureRegistries |
boolean | false |
If set to true, Jib ignores HTTPS certificate errors and may fall back to HTTP as a last resort. Leaving this parameter set to false is strongly recommended, since HTTP communication is unencrypted and visible to others on the network, and insecure HTTPS is no better than plain HTTP. If accessing a registry with a self-signed certificate, adding the certificate to your Java runtime's trusted keys may be an alternative to enabling this option. |
skip |
boolean | false |
If set to true, Jib execution is skipped (useful for multi-module projects). This can also be specified via the -Djib.skip command line option. |
from is an object with the following properties:
| Property | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
image |
string | gcr.io/distroless/java |
The image reference for the base image. |
auth |
auth |
None | Specify credentials directly (alternative to credHelper). |
credHelper |
string | None | Specifies a credential helper that can authenticate pulling the base image. This parameter can either be configured as an absolute path to the credential helper executable or as a credential helper suffix (following docker-credential-). |
to is an object with the following properties:
| Property | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
image |
string | Required | The image reference for the target image. This can also be specified via the -Dimage command line option. |
auth |
auth |
None | Specify credentials directly (alternative to credHelper). |
credHelper |
string | None | Specifies a credential helper that can authenticate pushing the target image. This parameter can either be configured as an absolute path to the credential helper executable or as a credential helper suffix (following docker-credential-). |
tags |
list | None | Additional tags to push to. |
auth is an object with the following properties (see Using Specific Credentials):
| Property | Type |
|---|---|
username |
String |
password |
String |
container is an object with the following properties:
| Property | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
appRoot |
string | /app |
The root directory on the container where the app's contents are placed. Particularly useful for WAR-packaging projects to work with different Servlet engine base images by designating where to put exploded WAR contents; see WAR usage as an example. |
args |
list | None | Additional program arguments appended to the command to start the container (similar to Docker's CMD instruction in relation with ENTRYPOINT). In the default case where you do not set a custom entrypoint, this parameter is effectively the arguments to the main method of your Java application. |
entrypoint |
list | None | The command to start the container with (similar to Docker's ENTRYPOINT instruction). If set, then jvmFlags and mainClass are ignored. You may also set <entrypoint>INHERIT</entrypoint> to indicate that the entrypoint and args should be inherited from the base image.* |
environment |
map | None | Key-value pairs for setting environment variables on the container (similar to Docker's ENV instruction). |
extraClasspath |
list |
None | Additional paths in the container to prepend to the computed Java classpath. |
format |
string | Docker |
Use OCI to build an OCI container image. |
jvmFlags |
list | None | Additional flags to pass into the JVM when running your application. |
labels |
map | None | Key-value pairs for applying image metadata (similar to Docker's LABEL instruction). |
mainClass |
string | Inferred** | The main class to launch the application from. |
ports |
list | None | Ports that the container exposes at runtime (similar to Docker's EXPOSE instruction). |
useCurrentTimestamp |
boolean | false |
By default, Jib wipes all timestamps to guarantee reproducibility. If this parameter is set to true, Jib will set the image's creation timestamp to the time of the build, which sacrifices reproducibility for easily being able to tell when your image was created. |
user |
string | None | The user and group to run the container as. The value can be a username or UID along with an optional groupname or GID. The following are all valid: user, uid, user:group, uid:gid, uid:group, user:gid. |
volumes |
list | None | Specifies a list of mount points on the container. |
workingDirectory |
string | None | The working directory in the container. |
extraDirectories is an object with the following properties (see Adding Arbitrary Files to the Image):
| Property | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
paths |
list | [(project-dir)/src/main/jib] |
List of extra directories. Can be absolute or relative to the project root. |
permissions |
list | None | Maps file paths on container to Unix permissions. (Effective only for files added from extra directories.) If not configured, permissions default to "755" for directories and "644" for files. |
(jib:dockerBuild only) dockerClient is an object with the following properties:
| Property | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
executable |
string | docker |
Sets the path to the Docker executable that is called to load the image into the Docker daemon. |
environment |
map | None | Sets environment variables used by the Docker executable. |
Each of these parameters is configurable via commandline using system properties. Jib's system properties follow the same naming convention as the configuration parameters, with each level separated by dots (i.e. -Djib.parameterName[.nestedParameter.[...]]=value). Some examples are below:
mvn compile jib:build \
-Djib.to.image=myregistry/myimage:latest \
-Djib.to.auth.username=$USERNAME \
-Djib.to.auth.password=$PASSWORD
mvn compile jib:dockerBuild \
-Djib.dockerClient.executable=/path/to/docker \
-Djib.container.environment=key1="value1",key2="value2" \
-Djib.container.args=arg1,arg2,arg3The following table contains additional system properties that are not available as build configuration parameters:
| Property | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
jib.httpTimeout |
int | 20000 |
HTTP connection/read timeout for registry interactions, in milliseconds. Use a value of 0 for an infinite timeout. |
jib.useOnlyProjectCache |
boolean | false |
If set to true, Jib does not share a cache between different Maven projects (i.e. jib.baseImageCache defaults to [project dir]/target/jib-cache instead of [user cache home]/google-cloud-tools-java/jib). |
jib.baseImageCache |
string | [user cache home]/google-cloud-tools-java/jib |
Sets the directory to use for caching base image layers. This cache can (and should) be shared between multiple images. |
jib.applicationCache |
string | [project dir]/target/jib-cache |
Sets the directory to use for caching application layers. This cache can be shared between multiple images. |
jib.console |
String |
None | If set to plain, Jib will print plaintext log messages rather than display a progress bar during the build. |
* If you configure args while entrypoint is set to 'INHERIT', the configured args value will take precedence over the CMD propagated from the base image.
** Uses the main class defined in the jar task or tries to find a valid main class.
In this configuration, the image:
- Is built from a base of
openjdk:alpine(pulled from Docker Hub) - Is pushed to
localhost:5000/my-image:built-with-jib,localhost:5000/my-image:tag2, andlocalhost:5000/my-image:latest - Runs by calling
java -Xms512m -Xdebug -Xmy:flag=jib-rules -cp app/libs/*:app/resources:app/classes mypackage.MyApp some args - Exposes port 1000 for tcp (default), and ports 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003 for udp
- Has two labels (key1:value1 and key2:value2)
- Is built as OCI format
<configuration>
<from>
<image>openjdk:alpine</image>
</from>
<to>
<image>localhost:5000/my-image:built-with-jib</image>
<credHelper>osxkeychain</credHelper>
<tags>
<tag>tag2</tag>
<tag>latest</tag>
</tags>
</to>
<container>
<jvmFlags>
<jvmFlag>-Xms512m</jvmFlag>
<jvmFlag>-Xdebug</jvmFlag>
<jvmFlag>-Xmy:flag=jib-rules</jvmFlag>
</jvmFlags>
<mainClass>mypackage.MyApp</mainClass>
<args>
<arg>some</arg>
<arg>args</arg>
</args>
<ports>
<port>1000</port>
<port>2000-2003/udp</port>
</ports>
<labels>
<key1>value1</key1>
<key2>value2</key2>
</labels>
<format>OCI</format>
</container>
</configuration>* Note: this is an incubating feature and may change in the future.
You can add arbitrary, non-classpath files to the image by placing them in a src/main/jib directory. This will copy all files within the jib folder to the image's root directory, maintaining the same structure (e.g. if you have a text file at src/main/jib/dir/hello.txt, then your image will contain /dir/hello.txt after being built with Jib).
You can configure different directories by using the <extraDirectories> parameter in your pom.xml:
<configuration>
<!-- Copies files from 'src/main/custom-extra-dir' and '/home/user/jib-extras' instead of 'src/main/jib' -->
<extraDirectories>
<paths>
<path>src/main/custom-extra-dir</path>
<path>/home/user/jib-extras</path>
</paths>
</extraDirectories>
</configuration>Alternatively, the <extraDirectories> parameter can be used as an object to set custom extra directories, as well as the extra files' permissions on the container:
<configuration>
<extraDirectories>
<paths>src/main/custom-extra-dir</paths> <!-- Copies files from 'src/main/custom-extra-dir' -->
<permissions>
<permission>
<file>/path/on/container/to/fileA</file>
<mode>755</mode> <!-- Read/write/execute for owner, read/execute for group/other -->
</permission>
<permission>
<file>/path/to/another/file</file>
<mode>644</mode> <!-- Read/write for owner, read-only for group/other -->
</permission>
</permissions>
</extraDirectories>
</configuration>Note that Jib does not follow symbolic links. If a symbolic link is present, it will be removed prior to placing the files and directories.
Pushing/pulling from private registries require authorization credentials. These can be retrieved using Docker credential helpers or defined in your Maven settings. If you do not define credentials explicitly, Jib will try to use credentials defined in your Docker config or infer common credential helpers.
Docker credential helpers are CLI tools that handle authentication with various registries.
Some common credential helpers include:
- Google Container Registry:
docker-credential-gcr - AWS Elastic Container Registry:
docker-credential-ecr-login - Docker Hub Registry:
docker-credential-* - Azure Container Registry:
docker-credential-acr-*
Configure credential helpers to use by specifying them as a credHelper for their respective image.
Example configuration:
<configuration>
...
<from>
<image>aws_account_id.dkr.ecr.region.amazonaws.com/my-base-image</image>
<credHelper>ecr-login</credHelper>
</from>
<to>
<image>gcr.io/my-gcp-project/my-app</image>
<credHelper>gcr</credHelper>
</to>
...
</configuration>You can specify credentials directly in the <auth> parameter for the from and/or to images. In the example below, to credentials are retrieved from the REGISTRY_USERNAME and REGISTRY_PASSWORD environment variables.
<configuration>
...
<from>
<image>aws_account_id.dkr.ecr.region.amazonaws.com/my-base-image</image>
<auth>
<username>my_username</username>
<password>my_password</password>
</auth>
</from>
<to>
<image>gcr.io/my-gcp-project/my-app</image>
<auth>
<username>${env.REGISTRY_USERNAME}</username>
<password>${env.REGISTRY_PASSWORD}</password>
</auth>
</to>
...
</configuration>Alternatively, you can specify credentials via commandline using the following system properties.
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
-Djib.from.auth.username |
Username for base image registry. |
-Djib.from.auth.password |
Password for base image registry. |
-Djib.to.auth.username |
Username for target image registry. |
-Djib.to.auth.password |
Password for target image registry. |
e.g. mvn compile jib:build -Djib.to.auth.username=user -Djib.to.auth.password=pass
Note: This method of authentication should be used only as a last resort, as it is insecure to make your password visible in plain text.
Registry credentials can be added to your Maven settings. These credentials will be used if credentials could not be found in any specified Docker credential helpers.
If you're considering putting credentials in Maven, we highly recommend using maven password encryption.
Example settings.xml:
<settings>
...
<servers>
...
<server>
<id>MY_REGISTRY</id>
<username>MY_USERNAME</username>
<password>{MY_SECRET}</password>
</server>
</servers>
</settings>- The
idfield should be the registry server these credentials are for. - We do not recommend putting your raw password in
settings.xml.
Jib also containerizes WAR projects. If the Maven project uses the war-packaging type, Jib will by default use the distroless Jetty as a base image to deploy the project WAR. No extra configuration is necessary other than having the packaging type to war.
Note that Jib will work slightly differently for WAR projects from JAR projects:
<container><mainClass>and<container><jvmFlags>are ignored.- The WAR will be exploded into
/jetty/webapps/ROOT, which is the expected WAR location for the distroless Jetty base image.
To use a different Servlet engine base image, you can customize <container><appRoot>, <container><entrypoint>, and <container><args>. If you do not set entrypoint or args, Jib will inherit the ENTRYPOINT and CMD of the base image, so in many cases, you may not need to configure them. However, you will most likely have to set <container><appRoot> to a proper location depending on the base image. Here is an example of using a Tomcat image:
<configuration>
<from>
<image>tomcat:8.5-jre8-alpine</image>
</from>
<container>
<!--
For demonstration only: this directory in the base image contains a Tomcat default
app (welcome page), so you may first want to delete this directory in the base image.
-->
<appRoot>/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT</appRoot>
</container>
</configuration>See the Jib project FAQ.
See Milestones for planned features. Get involved with the community for the latest updates.
See the Jib project README.