diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index c547305feec..ece9696cc3a 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Note that this project **does not** adhere to [Semantic Versioning](https://semv
 - Passwords can be stored in GNOME key ring. [#10274](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/10274)
 - We fixed an issue where groups based on an aux file could not be created due to an exception [#10350](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/10350)
 - We fixed an issue where the JabRef browser extension could not communicate with JabRef under macOS due to missing files. You should use the `.pkg` for the first installation as it updates all necessary files for the extension [#10308](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/10308)
+- We fixed a bug where an exception was raised when saving less than three export save orders in the preference. [#10157](https://github.com/JabRef/jabref/issues/10157)
 
 ### Removed
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jabref/preferences/JabRefPreferences.java b/src/main/java/org/jabref/preferences/JabRefPreferences.java
index 129beb48274..ba88549b5b0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jabref/preferences/JabRefPreferences.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jabref/preferences/JabRefPreferences.java
@@ -2237,11 +2237,17 @@ public ExportPreferences getExportPreferences() {
     }
 
     private SaveOrder getExportSaveOrder() {
-        List<SaveOrder.SortCriterion> sortCriteria = List.of(
-                new SaveOrder.SortCriterion(FieldFactory.parseField(get(EXPORT_PRIMARY_SORT_FIELD)), getBoolean(EXPORT_PRIMARY_SORT_DESCENDING)),
-                new SaveOrder.SortCriterion(FieldFactory.parseField(get(EXPORT_SECONDARY_SORT_FIELD)), getBoolean(EXPORT_SECONDARY_SORT_DESCENDING)),
-                new SaveOrder.SortCriterion(FieldFactory.parseField(get(EXPORT_TERTIARY_SORT_FIELD)), getBoolean(EXPORT_TERTIARY_SORT_DESCENDING))
-        );
+        List<SaveOrder.SortCriterion> sortCriteria = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        if (!"".equals(get(EXPORT_PRIMARY_SORT_FIELD))) {
+            sortCriteria.add(new SaveOrder.SortCriterion(FieldFactory.parseField(get(EXPORT_PRIMARY_SORT_FIELD)), getBoolean(EXPORT_PRIMARY_SORT_DESCENDING)));
+        }
+        if (!"".equals(get(EXPORT_SECONDARY_SORT_FIELD))) {
+            sortCriteria.add(new SaveOrder.SortCriterion(FieldFactory.parseField(get(EXPORT_SECONDARY_SORT_FIELD)), getBoolean(EXPORT_SECONDARY_SORT_DESCENDING)));
+        }
+        if (!"".equals(get(EXPORT_TERTIARY_SORT_FIELD))) {
+            sortCriteria.add(new SaveOrder.SortCriterion(FieldFactory.parseField(get(EXPORT_TERTIARY_SORT_FIELD)), getBoolean(EXPORT_TERTIARY_SORT_DESCENDING)));
+        }
 
         return new SaveOrder(
                 SaveOrder.OrderType.fromBooleans(getBoolean(EXPORT_IN_SPECIFIED_ORDER), getBoolean(EXPORT_IN_ORIGINAL_ORDER)),
@@ -2253,12 +2259,28 @@ private void storeExportSaveOrder(SaveOrder saveOrder) {
         putBoolean(EXPORT_IN_ORIGINAL_ORDER, saveOrder.getOrderType() == SaveOrder.OrderType.ORIGINAL);
         putBoolean(EXPORT_IN_SPECIFIED_ORDER, saveOrder.getOrderType() == SaveOrder.OrderType.SPECIFIED);
 
-        put(EXPORT_PRIMARY_SORT_FIELD, saveOrder.getSortCriteria().get(0).field.getName());
-        put(EXPORT_SECONDARY_SORT_FIELD, saveOrder.getSortCriteria().get(1).field.getName());
-        put(EXPORT_TERTIARY_SORT_FIELD, saveOrder.getSortCriteria().get(2).field.getName());
-        putBoolean(EXPORT_PRIMARY_SORT_DESCENDING, saveOrder.getSortCriteria().get(0).descending);
-        putBoolean(EXPORT_SECONDARY_SORT_DESCENDING, saveOrder.getSortCriteria().get(1).descending);
-        putBoolean(EXPORT_TERTIARY_SORT_DESCENDING, saveOrder.getSortCriteria().get(2).descending);
+        long saveOrderCount = saveOrder.getSortCriteria().size();
+        if (saveOrderCount >= 1) {
+            put(EXPORT_PRIMARY_SORT_FIELD, saveOrder.getSortCriteria().get(0).field.getName());
+            putBoolean(EXPORT_PRIMARY_SORT_DESCENDING, saveOrder.getSortCriteria().get(0).descending);
+        } else {
+            put(EXPORT_PRIMARY_SORT_FIELD, "");
+            putBoolean(EXPORT_PRIMARY_SORT_DESCENDING, false);
+        }
+        if (saveOrderCount >= 2) {
+            put(EXPORT_SECONDARY_SORT_FIELD, saveOrder.getSortCriteria().get(1).field.getName());
+            putBoolean(EXPORT_SECONDARY_SORT_DESCENDING, saveOrder.getSortCriteria().get(1).descending);
+        } else {
+            put(EXPORT_SECONDARY_SORT_FIELD, "");
+            putBoolean(EXPORT_SECONDARY_SORT_DESCENDING, false);
+        }
+        if (saveOrderCount >= 3) {
+            put(EXPORT_TERTIARY_SORT_FIELD, saveOrder.getSortCriteria().get(2).field.getName());
+            putBoolean(EXPORT_TERTIARY_SORT_DESCENDING, saveOrder.getSortCriteria().get(2).descending);
+        } else {
+            put(EXPORT_TERTIARY_SORT_FIELD, "");
+            putBoolean(EXPORT_TERTIARY_SORT_DESCENDING, false);
+        }
     }
 
     /**