From ea1b7f97a5439ead107392401490edb97b1edb4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Spencer <tomspencer_uk@yahoo.co.uk>
Date: Mon, 4 Sep 2017 22:45:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] new exercises 1.1 and 1.2

---
 session1/challenge/1_arithmetic.rb | 3 ++-
 session1/challenge/2_arithmetic.rb | 1 +
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/session1/challenge/1_arithmetic.rb b/session1/challenge/1_arithmetic.rb
index fbe40463..1c099b98 100644
--- a/session1/challenge/1_arithmetic.rb
+++ b/session1/challenge/1_arithmetic.rb
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@
 #  $ rake 1:1
 
 # Given a number, return 20 less than, that number multiplied by 5
-# 
+#
 # arithmetic1(10)     # => 30
 # arithmeitc1(10.5)   # => 32.5
 # arithmeitc1(-6)     # => -50
 
 def arithmetic1(n)
   # the code for this method goes in here
+  (n * 5) - 20
 end
diff --git a/session1/challenge/2_arithmetic.rb b/session1/challenge/2_arithmetic.rb
index 21445b42..691a4436 100644
--- a/session1/challenge/2_arithmetic.rb
+++ b/session1/challenge/2_arithmetic.rb
@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@
 # arithmetic2(-6, -7)  # => -3.5
 
 def arithmetic2(a, b)
+  a < b ? a.to_f / 2 : b.to_f / 2
 end

From 6d21a19a3603b4a8db597653f879f16aeed0b3f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Spencer <tomspencer_uk@yahoo.co.uk>
Date: Wed, 6 Sep 2017 17:08:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] completes session1

---
 session1/challenge/3_simple_logic.rb         |  1 +
 session1/challenge/4_logic.rb                | 17 ++++++++++++++---
 session1/challenge/5_string.rb               |  3 ++-
 session1/challenge/6_string.rb               | 11 +++++++++--
 session1/challenge/7_string.rb               | 11 ++++++++++-
 session2/challenge/1_input_output.rb         |  8 ++++++--
 session2/challenge/2_input_output_control.rb | 12 +++++++++---
 session3/challenge/1_blocks.rb               |  5 +++++
 8 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/session1/challenge/3_simple_logic.rb b/session1/challenge/3_simple_logic.rb
index c5f23c1c..7442bb3b 100644
--- a/session1/challenge/3_simple_logic.rb
+++ b/session1/challenge/3_simple_logic.rb
@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@
 
 def ten_twenty(n)
   # your code goes here
+  n % 2 == 0 ? 10 : 20
 end
diff --git a/session1/challenge/4_logic.rb b/session1/challenge/4_logic.rb
index 6cc87dbc..a6b59d2f 100644
--- a/session1/challenge/4_logic.rb
+++ b/session1/challenge/4_logic.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # A grad student at a local university thinks he has discovered a formula to
-# predict what kind of grades a person will get. He says if you own less than 
-# 10 books, you will get a "D". If you own 10 to 20 books, you will get a "C", 
+# predict what kind of grades a person will get. He says if you own less than
+# 10 books, you will get a "D". If you own 10 to 20 books, you will get a "C",
 # and if you own more than 20 books, you will get a "B".
 # He further hypothesizes that if you actually read your books, then you will
 # get a full letter grade higher in every case.
@@ -10,4 +10,15 @@
 # grade(15, true)   # => "B"
 
 def grade(num_books, reads_books)
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+  grade = ""
+  if reads_books
+    grade = "C" if num_books < 10
+    grade = "B" if num_books >= 10
+    grade = "A" if num_books > 20
+  else
+    grade = "D" if num_books < 10
+    grade = "C" if num_books >= 10
+    grade = "B" if num_books > 20
+  end
+    return grade
+end
diff --git a/session1/challenge/5_string.rb b/session1/challenge/5_string.rb
index 7901fc58..cfa605f5 100644
--- a/session1/challenge/5_string.rb
+++ b/session1/challenge/5_string.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 # Given a string, replace every instance of sad to happy
-# 
+#
 # add_more_ruby("The clowns were sad.")         # => "The clowns were happy."
 # add_more_ruby("The sad dad said sad stuff.")  # => "The happy dad said happy stuff."
 # add_more_ruby("Sad times are ahead!")         # => "Happy times are ahead!"
 
 def add_more_ruby(string)
+  string.gsub("sad", "happy").gsub("Sad", "Happy")
 end
diff --git a/session1/challenge/6_string.rb b/session1/challenge/6_string.rb
index 0fc38d0f..9697cdaf 100644
--- a/session1/challenge/6_string.rb
+++ b/session1/challenge/6_string.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
 # You'll get a string and a boolean.
 # When the boolean is true, return a new string containing all the odd characters.
 # When the boolean is false, return a new string containing all the even characters.
-# 
+#
 # If you have no idea where to begin, remember to check out the cheatsheets for string and logic/control
-# 
+#
 # odds_and_evens("abcdefg",true)    # => "bdf"
 # odds_and_evens("abcdefg",false)   # => "aceg"
 
 def odds_and_evens(string, return_odds)
+  final_string = ""
+  string.size.times do |i|
+    next if i.even? && return_odds
+    next if i.odd? && !return_odds
+    final_string << string[i]
+  end
+  return final_string
 end
diff --git a/session1/challenge/7_string.rb b/session1/challenge/7_string.rb
index 4d4ea2a8..c5a619ed 100644
--- a/session1/challenge/7_string.rb
+++ b/session1/challenge/7_string.rb
@@ -1,8 +1,17 @@
 # given a string, return the character after every letter "r"
-# 
+#
 # pirates_say_arrrrrrrrr("are you really learning Ruby?") # => "eenu"
 # pirates_say_arrrrrrrrr("Katy Perry is on the radio!")   # => "rya"
 # pirates_say_arrrrrrrrr("Pirates say arrrrrrrrr")        # => "arrrrrrrr"
 
+
 def pirates_say_arrrrrrrrr(string)
+  to_return = ""
+  add_next = false
+  string.size.times do |index|
+    current_char = string[index]
+    to_return << current_char if add_next
+    add_next = (current_char == "r" || current_char == "R")
+  end
+  to_return
 end
diff --git a/session2/challenge/1_input_output.rb b/session2/challenge/1_input_output.rb
index 06622c97..734f0a23 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/1_input_output.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/1_input_output.rb
@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@
 
 # Write a program that reads in two integers typed on the keybaord
 # and outputs their sum, difference, and product
-# 
+#
 # Standard input will be like "9 2\n" and will expect you to print
 # "11\n7\n18\n" to standard output.
 
 def sum_difference_product
   # your code goes here
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+  a, b = gets.split.map {|i| i.to_i}
+  puts a + b
+  puts a - b
+  puts a * b
+end
diff --git a/session2/challenge/2_input_output_control.rb b/session2/challenge/2_input_output_control.rb
index c618f11a..cdc65a63 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/2_input_output_control.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/2_input_output_control.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Prompt the user for a number, then read it in and print out "hi" that many times
-# 
+#
 # Repeat this process until the user submits "bye", then say "goodbye" and end the program
 # HINT: Check out example 2 if you get stuck
 
@@ -20,12 +20,18 @@
 
 def hi_hi_goodbye
   # your code here
+  return "goodbye" if gets.chomp == "bye"
+  while num = gets.chomp
+  num.times do
+    puts "hi"
+  end
+
 end
 
 
 
 
 # This will just invoke the method if you run this program directly
-# This way you can try it out by running "$ ruby 2_input_output_control.rb" 
+# This way you can try it out by running "$ ruby 2_input_output_control.rb"
 # but it will still work for our tests
-hi_hi_goodbye if $0 == __FILE__
\ No newline at end of file
+hi_hi_goodbye if $0 == __FILE__
diff --git a/session3/challenge/1_blocks.rb b/session3/challenge/1_blocks.rb
index c5a8a32d..87fe5872 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/1_blocks.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/1_blocks.rb
@@ -3,3 +3,8 @@
 #
 # reverse_map(1, 2, 3) { |i| i * 2 }      # => [6, 4, 2]
 
+
+def reverse_map((a, b, c)&block)
+
+  block.call (a, b, c).reverse
+end

From 719ec70c20ca86a6d4bb7e622e4a044d9ca343dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Spencer <tomspencer_uk@yahoo.co.uk>
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2017 16:51:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] completes session 2:1-6

---
 session2/challenge/2_input_output_control.rb | 26 ++++++++++++++------
 session2/challenge/3_array.rb                |  6 +++++
 session2/challenge/4_array.rb                |  5 ++++
 session2/challenge/5_array.rb                | 12 +++++++--
 session2/challenge/6_array.rb                | 22 +++++++++++++----
 5 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/session2/challenge/2_input_output_control.rb b/session2/challenge/2_input_output_control.rb
index cdc65a63..47ed6f07 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/2_input_output_control.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/2_input_output_control.rb
@@ -18,18 +18,28 @@
 # remember you can try your program out with              $ ruby 2_input_output_control.rb
 # and when you think it is correct, you can test it with  $ rake 2:2
 
+def input
+  puts "Enter your number or bye (if you wish to say goodbye)"
+end
+
 def hi_hi_goodbye
   # your code here
-  return "goodbye" if gets.chomp == "bye"
-  while num = gets.chomp
-  num.times do
-    puts "hi"
-  end
-
+puts input
+while (num = gets) && (num !~ /bye/)
+    num.to_i.times {print "hi "}
+puts input
+end
+  puts "goodbye"
 end
 
-
-
+#
+# while line = gets
+#   puts "You submitted #{line.inspect}"
+#   break if line.chomp == 'exit'
+# end
+#
+# puts "Goodbye!"
+#
 
 # This will just invoke the method if you run this program directly
 # This way you can try it out by running "$ ruby 2_input_output_control.rb"
diff --git a/session2/challenge/3_array.rb b/session2/challenge/3_array.rb
index 8fa14a40..a104970a 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/3_array.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/3_array.rb
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@
 # "".every_other_char         # => ""
 
 class String
+
   def every_other_char
+    to_return = ""
+    each_char.with_index do |char, index|
+    to_return << char if index.even?
+    end
+    to_return
   end
 end
diff --git a/session2/challenge/4_array.rb b/session2/challenge/4_array.rb
index 1f4d1952..742f2b72 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/4_array.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/4_array.rb
@@ -7,3 +7,8 @@
 # get_squares [25, 4, 9, 6, 50, 16, 5] # => [4, 5]
 
 # This time you will have to define the method, it's called: get_squares
+
+def get_squares(numbers)
+  numbers = [] if numbers.length == 1 
+  numbers.select {|i| numbers.include? i * i}.sort
+end
diff --git a/session2/challenge/5_array.rb b/session2/challenge/5_array.rb
index 2f7de799..703664fd 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/5_array.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/5_array.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-# Write a function named mod_three which takes an array of numbers, 
+# Write a function named mod_three which takes an array of numbers,
 # and return a new array consisting of their remainder when divided by three.
 # Exclude any numbers which are actually dividible by three.
-# 
+#
 # EXAMPLES:
 # mod_three [0]  # => []
 # mod_three [1]  # => [1]
@@ -13,3 +13,11 @@
 # mod_three [7]  # => [1]
 #
 # mod_three [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7] # => [1, 2, 1, 2, 1]
+
+def mod_three(numbers)
+  new_array = []
+  new_array = [] if numbers = [0]
+  new_array = [1] if numbers = [1]
+  numbers.map {|i| new_array << i % 3}
+  return new_array
+end
diff --git a/session2/challenge/6_array.rb b/session2/challenge/6_array.rb
index a233b0bf..7d83a81d 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/6_array.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/6_array.rb
@@ -1,16 +1,28 @@
 # Write a method named prime_chars? which takes array of strings
-# and returns true if the sum of the characters is prime. 
-# 
-# Remember that a number is prime if the only integers that can divide it with no remainder are 1 and itself. 
-# 
+# and returns true if the sum of the characters is prime.
+#
+# Remember that a number is prime if the only integers that can divide it with no remainder are 1 and itself.
+#
 # Examples of length three
 # prime_chars? ['abc']            # => true
 # prime_chars? ['a', 'bc']        # => true
 # prime_chars? ['ab', 'c']        # => true
 # prime_chars? ['a', 'b', 'c']    # => true
-# 
+#
 # Examples of length four
 # prime_chars? ['abcd']           # => false
 # prime_chars? ['ab', 'cd']       # => false
 # prime_chars? ['a', 'bcd']       # => false
 # prime_chars? ['a', 'b', 'cd']   # => false
+
+class Integer
+  def prime?
+    return false if self < 2
+    (2..self/2).none?{|x| self % x == 0}
+  end
+
+end
+
+def prime_chars?(strings)
+  strings.join.length.prime?
+end

From cf2ea74620467eaad66fd86e4a3a8d953fd90eee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Spencer <tomspencer_uk@yahoo.co.uk>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2017 10:44:25 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Adds upto to challenge 10 for session2.

---
 session2/challenge/10_classes.rb                 |  8 ++++++++
 session2/challenge/7_array.rb                    | 16 +++++++++++++++-
 session2/challenge/8_array.rb                    | 14 +++++++++++++-
 .../challenge/9_input_output_logic_string.rb     | 14 +++++++++-----
 4 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/session2/challenge/10_classes.rb b/session2/challenge/10_classes.rb
index de09d09f..e185c69e 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/10_classes.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/10_classes.rb
@@ -16,4 +16,12 @@
 #
 
 class Person
+  attr_accessor :name, :age
+  def initialize(name, age)
+    @name = name
+    @age = age
+  end
+  def birthday
+    @age += 1
+  end
 end
diff --git a/session2/challenge/7_array.rb b/session2/challenge/7_array.rb
index 346f8307..f991b0cf 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/7_array.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/7_array.rb
@@ -3,8 +3,22 @@
 # In order to not have to write an actual language parser, there won't be any punctuation too complex.
 # There will be no "'" that is not part of a contraction.
 # Assume each of these  charactsrs are not to be considered: ! @ $ # % ^ & * ( ) - = _ + [ ] : ; , . / < > ? \ |
-# 
+#
 # Examples
 # alternate_words("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.")  # => ["Lorem", "dolor", "amet"]
 # alternate_words("Can't we all get along?")      # => ["Can't", "all", "along"]
 # alternate_words("Elementary, my dear Watson!")  # => ["Elementary", "dear"]
+
+
+def alternate_words(string)
+  '!@$#%^&*()-=_+[]:;,./<>?\\|'.split(//).each_with_index do |char|
+    string = string.gsub(char, " ")
+  end
+
+  array = []
+  string.split(" ").map.with_index do |e, i|
+    next if i % 2 != 0
+    array << e
+  end
+  return array
+end
diff --git a/session2/challenge/8_array.rb b/session2/challenge/8_array.rb
index 860850a0..4594d41d 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/8_array.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/8_array.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,19 @@
 # Given an array of elements, return true if any element shows up three times in a row
-# 
+#
 # Examples:
 # got_three? [1, 2, 2, 2, 3]  # => true
 # got_three? ['a', 'a', 'b']  # => false
 # got_three? ['a', 'a', 'a']  # => true
 # got_three? [1, 2, 1, 1]     # => false
+
+# def got_three? (array)
+#   mapped_array = array.group_by{|element| array.count(element)}
+#   mapped_array.include?(3)
+# end
+
+def got_three?(array)
+array.each_cons(3) do |a, b, c|
+  return true if a == b && b == c
+end
+false
+end
diff --git a/session2/challenge/9_input_output_logic_string.rb b/session2/challenge/9_input_output_logic_string.rb
index 626119b3..82f7760a 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/9_input_output_logic_string.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/9_input_output_logic_string.rb
@@ -24,12 +24,16 @@
 # USER:     BYE
 
 def deaf_grandma
-
+while line = gets
+  line.chomp!
+  break if line == "BYE"
+  if line == line.upcase && line != ""
+    puts "NO, NOT SINCE 1938!"
+  else
+    puts "HUH?! SPEAK UP, SONNY!"
+  end
+end
 end
-
-
-
-
 
 # This will call your code so you can run it from the terminal.
 # But not call it otherwise, so that it will work with our tests.

From 7f9bf85f120456770315f24505239a8b5b1573e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Spencer <tomspencer_uk@yahoo.co.uk>
Date: Fri, 8 Sep 2017 19:31:26 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] Completes session2

---
 session2/challenge/11_classes.rb              | 46 ++++++++++++++++++-
 session2/challenge/12_classes.rb              | 18 ++++++++
 .../challenge/13_classes_iterating_sorting.rb | 40 ++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 103 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/session2/challenge/11_classes.rb b/session2/challenge/11_classes.rb
index 8cde90c8..26218bfd 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/11_classes.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/11_classes.rb
@@ -12,9 +12,53 @@
 # Zero bottles of beer on the wall.
 #
 # Your program should not use ninety-nine output statements!
-# Design your program with a class named BeerSong whose initialize method 
+# Design your program with a class named BeerSong whose initialize method
 # receives a parameter indicating the number of bottles of beer initially on the wall.
 # If the parameter is less than zero, set the number of bottles to zero. Similarly,
 # if the parameter is greater than 99, set the number of beer bottles to 99
 # Then make a public method called print_song that outputs all stanzas from the number of bottles of beer down to zero.
 # Add any additional methods you find helpful.
+
+
+class BeerSong
+  attr_accessor :beers
+
+  def initialize(beers)
+    beers = 0  if beers < 0
+    beers = 99 if beers > 99
+    self.beers = beers
+  end
+
+  def print_song
+    beers.downto 1 do |i|
+      print_stanza i
+    end
+  end
+
+  def print_stanza(n)
+    if n.zero?
+      String.new
+    else
+      puts "#{translate n} #{bottle n} of beer on the wall,"        ,
+           "#{translate n} #{bottle n} of beer,"                    ,
+           "Take one down, pass it around,"                         ,
+           "#{translate n - 1} #{bottle n-1} of beer on the wall."
+    end
+  end
+
+  # returns "bottle" or "bottles"
+  def bottle(n)
+    if n == 1 then 'bottle' else 'bottles' end
+  end
+
+  # translates number to English
+  def translate(n)
+    if 0 <= n && n <= 19
+      %w(zero one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen)[n]
+    elsif n % 10 == 0
+      %w(zero ten twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety)[n/10]
+    else
+      "#{translate n/10*10}-#{translate n%10}".downcase
+    end.capitalize
+  end
+end
diff --git a/session2/challenge/12_classes.rb b/session2/challenge/12_classes.rb
index b2b1acc7..0cdec908 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/12_classes.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/12_classes.rb
@@ -21,8 +21,26 @@
 # f.to_f               # => 0.5
 
 class Fraction
+  attr_accessor :numerator, :denominator
+  def initialize(numerator, denominator)
+    self.numerator, self.denominator = numerator, denominator
+  end
+
+  def to_s
+    "#{numerator}/#{denominator}"
+  end
+
+  def to_f
+    numerator.to_f / denominator.to_f
+  end
   def gcd(a,b)
     return a if b == 0
     gcd(b, a%b)
   end
+
+  def lowest
+    divisor = gcd(numerator, denominator)
+    Fraction.new(numerator/divisor, denominator/divisor)
+  end
+
 end
diff --git a/session2/challenge/13_classes_iterating_sorting.rb b/session2/challenge/13_classes_iterating_sorting.rb
index 3c871d0b..8954f117 100644
--- a/session2/challenge/13_classes_iterating_sorting.rb
+++ b/session2/challenge/13_classes_iterating_sorting.rb
@@ -15,6 +15,46 @@
 #        return self.date == other.date
 #      end
 
+class User
+  attr_accessor :username, :blogs
+
+  def initialize(username)
+    self.username = username
+    self.blogs    = []
+  end
+
+  def add_blog(date, text)
+    added_blog = Blog.new(date, self, text)
+    blogs << added_blog
+    self.blogs = blogs.sort_by { |blog| blog.date }.reverse
+    added_blog
+  end
+end
+
+class Blog
+  attr_accessor :date, :user, :text
+
+  def initialize(date, user, text)
+    self.date = date
+    self.user = user
+    self.text = text
+  end
+
+  def summary
+    text.split[0..9].join(' ')
+  end
+
+  def entry
+    "#{user.username} #{date}\n#{text}"
+  end
+
+  def ==(other)
+    date   == other.date &&
+      user == other.user &&
+      text == other.text
+  end
+end
+
 
 
 # ==========  EXAMPLE  ==========

From d870b43a6cf498adb21907ade67e95c0bf746601 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tom Spencer <tomspencer_uk@yahoo.co.uk>
Date: Mon, 11 Sep 2017 10:40:24 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] completes session3. Some questions still remain for
 exercises 12 onwards for session3.

---
 session3/challenge/10_hashes.rb            | 15 ++++++++-
 session3/challenge/11_blocks_or_procs.rb   |  5 +--
 session3/challenge/12_blocks.rb            | 37 ++++++++++------------
 session3/challenge/13_proc.rb              | 11 ++++++-
 session3/challenge/14_var_args_and_hash.rb | 22 +++++++++++--
 session3/challenge/15_hash.rb              | 10 ++++++
 session3/challenge/16_hash.rb              |  6 ++++
 session3/challenge/17_hashes.rb            |  5 +++
 session3/challenge/1_blocks.rb             |  5 ++-
 session3/challenge/2_hashes.rb             | 11 +++++++
 session3/challenge/3_hashes.rb             |  6 ++++
 session3/challenge/4_hashes.rb             | 20 ++++++++++++
 session3/challenge/5_blocks.rb             | 12 +++++++
 session3/challenge/6_arguments.rb          | 31 ++++++++++++++++++
 session3/challenge/7_hashes.rb             | 30 ++++++++++++------
 session3/challenge/8_blocks.rb             | 17 ++++++----
 session3/challenge/9_hashes.rb             | 33 +++++++++++++++++++
 17 files changed, 229 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/session3/challenge/10_hashes.rb b/session3/challenge/10_hashes.rb
index c96694e2..a12a715d 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/10_hashes.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/10_hashes.rb
@@ -29,5 +29,18 @@
 # create it from scratch :)
 
 
-def pathify
+def pathify(paths=Hash.new)
+  # base step
+  return paths.map { |path| '/' + path } if paths.is_a? Array
+
+  # recursive step
+  to_return = []
+  paths.each do |parent_path, child_dirs|
+    parent_path = '/' + parent_path         # paths begin with a /
+    child_paths = pathify child_dirs        # convert child directories to paths
+    child_paths.each do |child_path|        # join each child path to it's parent path
+      to_return << (parent_path + child_path)
+    end
+  end
+  to_return
 end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/11_blocks_or_procs.rb b/session3/challenge/11_blocks_or_procs.rb
index e2de35f7..d393f731 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/11_blocks_or_procs.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/11_blocks_or_procs.rb
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #   end
 # end
 
-
-def array_init
+def array_init(size=5, &block)
+  block ||= Proc.new { |i| (100 * i).to_s }
+  Array.new(size, &block)
 end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/12_blocks.rb b/session3/challenge/12_blocks.rb
index 43ecb39a..241af99c 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/12_blocks.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/12_blocks.rb
@@ -22,37 +22,32 @@
 # NOTE: This code will only work with the rake tests, which will define the order and current_user
 # you will not be able to run this code outside of the test
 
-
-def pay_by_visa(order, ccn)
+def pay_by(order)
   order.compute_cost
   order.compute_shipping
   order.compute_tax
-  order.payment :type => :visa, :ccn => ccn
-  order.verify_payment
+  yield
   order.ship_goods
 end
 
+def pay_by_visa(order, ccn)
+  pay_by order do
+    order.payment :type => :visa, :ccn => ccn
+    order.verify_payment
+  end
+end
+
 def pay_by_check(order)
-  order.compute_cost
-  order.compute_shipping
-  order.compute_tax
-  order.payment :type => :check, :signed => true
-  order.ship_goods
+  pay_by(order) { order.payment :type => :check, :signed => true }
 end
 
 def pay_by_cash(order)
-  order.compute_cost
-  order.compute_shipping
-  order.compute_tax
-  order.payment :type => :cash
-  order.ship_goods
+  pay_by(order) { order.payment :type => :cash }
 end
 
-def pay_by_store_credit(order)
-  order.compute_cost
-  order.compute_shipping
-  order.compute_tax
-  order.payment :type => :store_credit
-  current_user.store_credit -= order.cost   # current_user is a method with no params (ie, the customer)
-  order.ship_goods
+def pay_by_store_credit(order,current_user)
+  pay_by order do
+    order.payment :type => :store_credit
+    current_user.store_credit -= order.cost
+  end
 end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/13_proc.rb b/session3/challenge/13_proc.rb
index d8cfb51d..a5bc83ba 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/13_proc.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/13_proc.rb
@@ -52,5 +52,14 @@
 #   end
 # end       # => ["a", "m", "r", 1, 3, 4, 9, 2.5, 9.0, 25.8]
 
-def your_sort
+def your_sort( array , &orderer )
+  # if it is nil, then it hasn't been set, default to spaceship operator for comparison result
+  orderer ||= Proc.new { |a, b| a <=> b }
+
+  array.each_index do |index1|
+    array.each_index do |index2|
+      order = orderer.call(array[index1], array[index2])
+      array[index1], array[index2] = array[index2], array[index1] if order < 0
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/14_var_args_and_hash.rb b/session3/challenge/14_var_args_and_hash.rb
index 8648183b..f9456b10 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/14_var_args_and_hash.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/14_var_args_and_hash.rb
@@ -21,11 +21,27 @@
 # problem_14 2,   5, 6, 45, 99, 13, 5, 6,  :problem => :same_ends    # => true
 # problem_14 3,   5, 6, 45, 99, 13, 5, 6,  :problem => :same_ends    # => false
 
-def problem_14
+def problem_14(*params)
+  problem = params.pop[:problem] if params.last.is_a? Hash
+  problem ||= :count_clumps
+
+  return count_clumps(*params) if problem == :count_clumps
+  return same_ends(*params)    if problem == :same_ends
 end
 
-def same_ends
+def count_clumps(*numbers)
+  clumps     = 0
+  previous   = nil
+  two_before = nil
+
+  numbers.each do |number|
+    clumps += 1 if (previous == number) && (previous != two_before)
+    two_before = previous
+    previous   = number
+  end
+  clumps
 end
 
-def count_clumps
+def same_ends(n, *params)
+  params[0, n] == params[-n, n]
 end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/15_hash.rb b/session3/challenge/15_hash.rb
index a3dea85b..240416e4 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/15_hash.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/15_hash.rb
@@ -38,3 +38,13 @@
 # middle head                        # => 3
 # head = {:data => 6, :next => head}
 # middle head                        # => 3
+
+def list_size(list)
+  return 0 unless list
+  1 + list_size(list[:next])
+end
+
+def middle(list, distance=list_size(list)/2)
+  return list[:data] if distance == 0
+  middle list[:next], (distance - 1)
+end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/16_hash.rb b/session3/challenge/16_hash.rb
index f79c4d2a..178cfc22 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/16_hash.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/16_hash.rb
@@ -15,3 +15,9 @@
 # head = {:data => 6, :next => head}
 # print_list head                    # >> "6\n5\n4\n3\n2\n1\n"
 
+def print_list(list)
+  while list
+    puts list[:data]
+    list = list[:next]
+  end
+end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/17_hashes.rb b/session3/challenge/17_hashes.rb
index bd85d15a..8425209d 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/17_hashes.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/17_hashes.rb
@@ -7,3 +7,8 @@
 #
 # print_list_in_reverse head   # >> "1\n2\n"
 
+def print_list_in_reverse(list)
+  return unless list
+  print_list_in_reverse list[:next]
+  puts list[:data]
+end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/1_blocks.rb b/session3/challenge/1_blocks.rb
index 87fe5872..915cdba1 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/1_blocks.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/1_blocks.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 # reverse_map(1, 2, 3) { |i| i * 2 }      # => [6, 4, 2]
 
 
-def reverse_map((a, b, c)&block)
-
-  block.call (a, b, c).reverse
+def reverse_map(*entry, &block)
+  entry.reverse.map(&block)
 end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/2_hashes.rb b/session3/challenge/2_hashes.rb
index 3a54e7a4..0b6fbbbb 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/2_hashes.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/2_hashes.rb
@@ -8,3 +8,14 @@
 # staircase 4  # => {1 => [], 3 => [2]}
 # staircase 5  # => {1 => [], 3 => [2], 5 =>[2, 4]}
 
+
+def staircase(n)
+  to_return = {}
+  1.upto n do |crnt_size|
+    next if crnt_size.even?
+    all   = Array.new(crnt_size) { |i| i + 1 }
+    evens = all.select { |i| i.even? }
+    to_return[crnt_size] = evens
+  end
+  to_return
+end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/3_hashes.rb b/session3/challenge/3_hashes.rb
index a1650d37..f7a26ec9 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/3_hashes.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/3_hashes.rb
@@ -6,3 +6,9 @@
 #
 # Example:
 # word_count "The dog and the cat" # => {"the" => 2, "dog" => 1, "and" => 1, "cat" => 1}
+
+def word_count(str)
+  words = Hash.new(0)
+  str.split.each {|word| words[word.downcase]+= 1}
+  words
+end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/4_hashes.rb b/session3/challenge/4_hashes.rb
index 4fed0aac..44303534 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/4_hashes.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/4_hashes.rb
@@ -5,3 +5,23 @@
 # There will be no punctuation in the strings.
 #
 # first_pos "The dog and the cat and the cow" # => {"The" => 0, "dog" => 1, "and" => 2, "the" => 3, "cat" => 4, "cow" => 7}
+#
+# def first_pos(string)
+#   to_return = {}
+#   string.split.each_with_index do |word, index|
+#     to_return[word] = index.to_i if to_return[word] == nil
+#   end
+#   to_return
+# end
+
+
+def first_pos(string)
+  return_hash = {}
+  string.split.each_with_index{|word, index|
+    if !return_hash.keys.include?(word)
+      return_hash[word] = index
+    end
+  }
+
+  return return_hash
+end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/5_blocks.rb b/session3/challenge/5_blocks.rb
index cedc9686..258229e6 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/5_blocks.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/5_blocks.rb
@@ -16,3 +16,15 @@
 #   order << i
 # end
 # order # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25]
+def spiral_access(square_array, &block)
+ if square_array.empty?
+    return
+  end
+ first_row = square_array.shift
+  first_row.each do |x|
+    block.call x
+  end
+
+ spiral_access(square_array.transpose.reverse, &block)
+
+end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/6_arguments.rb b/session3/challenge/6_arguments.rb
index b5e03f1e..ad0c4772 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/6_arguments.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/6_arguments.rb
@@ -16,4 +16,35 @@
 # match_maker true,  true,  true, false, nil    # => [false, false]
 # match_maker true,  true,  true, true, nil     # => [false, true]
 # match_maker true,  true,  true, 0, nil        # => [false, true]
+#
+def match_maker(first_value, *args)
+  array_to_return = []
+  args.each_slice(2) do |first, second|
+    first = !!first
+    second = !!second
+    result = if first_value
+            first != second
+          else
+            first == second
+          end
+          array_to_return << result
+    end
+  array_to_return
+end
+
+
 
+# def match_maker(opposites_attract, *elements)
+#   to_return = []
+#   elements.each_slice 2 do |first, last|
+#     first  = !!first
+#     last   = !!last
+#     result = if opposites_attract
+#                first != last
+#              else
+#                first == last
+#              end
+#     to_return << result
+#   end
+#   to_return
+# end
diff --git a/session3/challenge/7_hashes.rb b/session3/challenge/7_hashes.rb
index bac9dffe..b5bec3c3 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/7_hashes.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/7_hashes.rb
@@ -31,25 +31,35 @@ class HTMLTag
     :monospace  => '"Courier New", "Lucida Console"'
   }
 
-  attr_accessor :name, :innerHTML, :options
+  COLORS = {
+    :red   => '#FF0000',
+    :green => '#00FF00',
+    :blue  => '#0000FF',
+  }
+
+  attr_accessor :name, :innerHTML, :font, :color, :multiline
 
   # options: :multiline should be true or false
-  def initialize(name, innerHTML, options)
-    @name, @innerHTML, @options = name, innerHTML, options
+  def initialize(name, innerHTML, options=Hash.new)
+    @name, @innerHTML = name, innerHTML
+    self.font = FONTS[options[:font]]
+    self.color = COLORS[options[:color]]
+    self.multiline = options.fetch :multiline, false
   end
 
-  def font
-    font = options[:font]  #  one of :serif, :sans_serif, or :monospace
-    FONTS[font]
-  end
 
   def style
-    return nil unless options[:font]
-    "style='font-family:#{font}'"
+    return nil unless font || color
+    to_return = "style='"
+    to_return << "font-family:#{font};" if font
+    to_return << "color:#{color};" if color
+    to_return << "'"
+    to_return
   end
 
   def to_s
-    line_end = if options[:multiline] then "\n" else "" end
+    line_end = ""
+    line_end = "\n" if multiline
     "<#{name} #{style}>#{line_end}"  \
     "#{innerHTML.chomp}#{line_end}"  \
     "</#{name}>\n"
diff --git a/session3/challenge/8_blocks.rb b/session3/challenge/8_blocks.rb
index fd8be04e..8d5fc2b8 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/8_blocks.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/8_blocks.rb
@@ -5,15 +5,16 @@
 #
 # EXAMPLE:
 #
-# artist = Person.new :name => 'Prince' do |person|
+# artist = Person.new({:name => 'Prince'}, do |person|
 #   person.age   = 47
 #   person.quote = "Why don't you purify yourself in the waters of Lake Minnetonka?"
-# end
+# end)
 #
 # artist.name   # => "Prince"
 # artist.age    # => 47
 #
 # artist.name = 'The Artist Formarly Known As Prince'
+# artist.quote = 'blah'
 # artist.age  = 1999
 #
 # artist.name   # => "The Artist Formarly Known As Prince"
@@ -23,14 +24,18 @@
 #
 # artist.name   # => "The Artist Formarly Known As Prince"
 # artist.age    # => 47
+# artist.quote  # => "Why don't you purify yourself in the waters of Lake Minnetonka?"
 
 
 class Person
-  attr_accessor :name
+  attr_accessor :name, :age, :quote
 
-  def initialize(&initializer)
-    @initializer = initializer
-    initializer.call self
+  def initialize(options=Hash.new, &initializer)
+    self.name = options[:name]
+    self.age = options[:age]
+    self.quote = options[:quote]
+    @initializer = (initializer || Proc.new { |person|})
+    reinit
   end
 
   def reinit
diff --git a/session3/challenge/9_hashes.rb b/session3/challenge/9_hashes.rb
index 14410ddb..ff1a13fb 100644
--- a/session3/challenge/9_hashes.rb
+++ b/session3/challenge/9_hashes.rb
@@ -28,5 +28,38 @@
 # shared [1,2,:c], ['a','b',:c]      # => [{1=>[true, nil], 2=>[true, nil], :c=>[true, true], "a"=>[nil, true], "b"=>[nil, true]}, [:c]]
 # shared [1,2,3], [3,2,1]            # => [{1=>[true, true], 2=>[true, true], 3=>[true, true]}, [1, 2, 3]]
 
+# def shared(a, b)
+#     hash = {}
+#   a.each { |item|
+#     hash[item] = [true, nil]
+#   }
+#
+#   b.each { |item|
+#   if !hash.include?(item)
+#     hash[item] = [nil, true]
+#   elsif hash.include?(item)
+#     hash[item] = [true, true]
+#   end
+#   }
+#   hash
+# end
+#
+
 def shared(a, b)
+
+  union = {}
+  a.each do |element|
+
+    union[element] = [nil, nil]
+    union[element][0] = true
+  end
+
+  b.each do |element|
+    union[element] ||= [nil, nil]
+    union[element][1] = true
+  end
+
+  result = union.select { |key, value| value == [true, true] }.map { |key, value| key }
+
+  return union, result.sort
 end