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MANUAL.txt
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MANUAL.txt
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% Pandoc User's Guide
% John MacFarlane
% March 26, 2017
Synopsis
========
`pandoc` [*options*] [*input-file*]...
Description
===========
Pandoc is a [Haskell] library for converting from one markup format to
another, and a command-line tool that uses this library. It can read
[Markdown], [CommonMark], [PHP Markdown Extra], [GitHub-Flavored
Markdown], [MultiMarkdown], and (subsets of) [Textile],
[reStructuredText], [HTML], [LaTeX], [MediaWiki markup], [TWiki markup],
[Haddock markup], [OPML], [Emacs Org mode], [DocBook], [txt2tags],
[EPUB], [ODT] and [Word docx]; and it can write plain text, [Markdown],
[CommonMark], [PHP Markdown Extra], [GitHub-Flavored Markdown],
[MultiMarkdown], [reStructuredText], [XHTML], [HTML5], [LaTeX]
\(including [`beamer`] slide shows\), [ConTeXt], [RTF], [OPML],
[DocBook], [OpenDocument], [ODT], [Word docx], [GNU Texinfo], [MediaWiki
markup], [DokuWiki markup], [ZimWiki markup], [Haddock markup], [EPUB]
\(v2 or v3\), [FictionBook2], [Textile], [groff man], [groff ms], [Emacs
Org mode], [AsciiDoc], [InDesign ICML], [TEI Simple], and [Slidy],
[Slideous], [DZSlides], [reveal.js] or [S5] HTML slide shows. It can
also produce [PDF] output on systems where LaTeX, ConTeXt, `pdfroff`, or
`wkhtmltopdf` is installed.
Pandoc's enhanced version of Markdown includes syntax for [footnotes],
[tables], flexible [ordered lists], [definition lists], [fenced code
blocks], [superscripts and subscripts], [strikeout], [metadata blocks],
automatic tables of contents, embedded LaTeX [math], [citations], and
[Markdown inside HTML block elements][Extension:
`markdown_in_html_blocks`]. (These enhancements, described further under
[Pandoc's Markdown], can be disabled using the `markdown_strict` input
or output format.)
In contrast to most existing tools for converting Markdown to HTML, which
use regex substitutions, pandoc has a modular design: it consists of a
set of readers, which parse text in a given format and produce a native
representation of the document, and a set of writers, which convert
this native representation into a target format. Thus, adding an input
or output format requires only adding a reader or writer.
Because pandoc's intermediate representation of a document is less
expressive than many of the formats it converts between, one should
not expect perfect conversions between every format and every other.
Pandoc attempts to preserve the structural elements of a document, but
not formatting details such as margin size. And some document elements,
such as complex tables, may not fit into pandoc's simple document
model. While conversions from pandoc's Markdown to all formats aspire
to be perfect, conversions from formats more expressive than pandoc's
Markdown can be expected to be lossy.
[Markdown]: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
[CommonMark]: http://commonmark.org
[PHP Markdown Extra]: https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/
[GitHub-Flavored Markdown]: https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown/
[MultiMarkdown]: http://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/
[reStructuredText]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/docs/ref/rst/introduction.html
[S5]: http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/
[Slidy]: http://www.w3.org/Talks/Tools/Slidy/
[Slideous]: http://goessner.net/articles/slideous/
[HTML]: http://www.w3.org/html/
[HTML5]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
[polyglot markup]: https://www.w3.org/TR/html-polyglot/
[XHTML]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
[LaTeX]: http://latex-project.org
[`beamer`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer
[Beamer User's Guide]: http://ctan.math.utah.edu/ctan/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/doc/beameruserguide.pdf
[ConTeXt]: http://www.contextgarden.net/
[RTF]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format
[DocBook]: http://docbook.org
[txt2tags]: http://txt2tags.org
[EPUB]: http://idpf.org/epub
[OPML]: http://dev.opml.org/spec2.html
[OpenDocument]: http://opendocument.xml.org
[ODT]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDocument
[Textile]: http://redcloth.org/textile
[MediaWiki markup]: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting
[DokuWiki markup]: https://www.dokuwiki.org/dokuwiki
[ZimWiki markup]: http://zim-wiki.org/manual/Help/Wiki_Syntax.html
[TWiki markup]: http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/view/TWiki/TextFormattingRules
[Haddock markup]: https://www.haskell.org/haddock/doc/html/ch03s08.html
[groff man]: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/groff_man.7.html
[groff ms]: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/groff_ms.7.html
[Haskell]: https://www.haskell.org
[GNU Texinfo]: http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/
[Emacs Org mode]: http://orgmode.org
[AsciiDoc]: http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/
[DZSlides]: http://paulrouget.com/dzslides/
[Word docx]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_Open_XML
[PDF]: https://www.adobe.com/pdf/
[reveal.js]: http://lab.hakim.se/reveal-js/
[FictionBook2]: http://www.fictionbook.org/index.php/Eng:XML_Schema_Fictionbook_2.1
[InDesign ICML]: https://www.adobe.com/content/dam/Adobe/en/devnet/indesign/cs55-docs/IDML/idml-specification.pdf
[TEI Simple]: https://github.com/TEIC/TEI-Simple
Using `pandoc`
--------------
If no *input-file* is specified, input is read from *stdin*.
Otherwise, the *input-files* are concatenated (with a blank
line between each) and used as input. Output goes to *stdout* by
default (though output to *stdout* is disabled for the `odt`, `docx`,
`epub2`, and `epub3` output formats). For output to a file, use the
`-o` option:
pandoc -o output.html input.txt
By default, pandoc produces a document fragment, not a standalone
document with a proper header and footer. To produce a standalone
document, use the `-s` or `--standalone` flag:
pandoc -s -o output.html input.txt
For more information on how standalone documents are produced, see
[Templates], below.
Instead of a file, an absolute URI may be given. In this case
pandoc will fetch the content using HTTP:
pandoc -f html -t markdown http://www.fsf.org
It is possible to supply a custom User-Agent string when requesting a
document from a URL, by setting an environment variable:
USER_AGENT="Mozilla/5.0" pandoc -f html -t markdown http://www.fsf.org
If multiple input files are given, `pandoc` will concatenate them all (with
blank lines between them) before parsing. This feature is disabled for
binary input formats such as `EPUB`, `odt`, and `docx`.
The format of the input and output can be specified explicitly using
command-line options. The input format can be specified using the
`-r/--read` or `-f/--from` options, the output format using the
`-w/--write` or `-t/--to` options. Thus, to convert `hello.txt` from
Markdown to LaTeX, you could type:
pandoc -f markdown -t latex hello.txt
To convert `hello.html` from HTML to Markdown:
pandoc -f html -t markdown hello.html
Supported output formats are listed below under the `-t/--to` option.
Supported input formats are listed below under the `-f/--from` option. Note
that the `rst`, `textile`, `latex`, and `html` readers are not complete;
there are some constructs that they do not parse.
If the input or output format is not specified explicitly, `pandoc`
will attempt to guess it from the extensions of
the input and output filenames. Thus, for example,
pandoc -o hello.tex hello.txt
will convert `hello.txt` from Markdown to LaTeX. If no output file
is specified (so that output goes to *stdout*), or if the output file's
extension is unknown, the output format will default to HTML.
If no input file is specified (so that input comes from *stdin*), or
if the input files' extensions are unknown, the input format will
be assumed to be Markdown unless explicitly specified.
Pandoc uses the UTF-8 character encoding for both input and output.
If your local character encoding is not UTF-8, you
should pipe input and output through [`iconv`]:
iconv -t utf-8 input.txt | pandoc | iconv -f utf-8
Note that in some output formats (such as HTML, LaTeX, ConTeXt,
RTF, OPML, DocBook, and Texinfo), information about
the character encoding is included in the document header, which
will only be included if you use the `-s/--standalone` option.
[`iconv`]: http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
Creating a PDF
--------------
To produce a PDF, specify an output file with a `.pdf` extension.
By default, pandoc will use LaTeX to convert it to PDF:
pandoc test.txt -o test.pdf
Production of a PDF requires that a LaTeX engine be installed (see
`--latex-engine`, below), and assumes that the following LaTeX packages
are available: [`amsfonts`], [`amsmath`], [`lm`], [`unicode-math`],
[`ifxetex`], [`ifluatex`], [`eurosym`], [`listings`] (if the
`--listings` option is used), [`fancyvrb`], [`longtable`],
[`booktabs`], [`graphicx`] and [`grffile`] (if the document
contains images), [`hyperref`], [`ulem`], [`geometry`] (with the
`geometry` variable set), [`setspace`] (with `linestretch`), and
[`babel`] (with `lang`). The use of `xelatex` or `lualatex` as
the LaTeX engine requires [`fontspec`]. `xelatex` uses
[`polyglossia`] (with `lang`), [`xecjk`], and [`bidi`] (with the
`dir` variable set). If the `mathspec` variable is set,
`xelatex` will use [`mathspec`] instead of [`unicode-math`].
The [`upquote`] and [`microtype`] packages are used if
available, and [`csquotes`] will be used for [smart punctuation]
if added to the template or included in any header file. The
[`natbib`], [`biblatex`], [`bibtex`], and [`biber`] packages can
optionally be used for [citation rendering]. These are included
with all recent versions of [TeX Live].
Alternatively, pandoc can use ConTeXt, `wkhtmltopdf`, or
`pdfroff` to create a PDF. To do this, specify an output file
with a `.pdf` extension, as before, but add `-t context`, `-t
html5`, or `-t ms` to the command line.
PDF output can be controlled using [variables for LaTeX] (if
LaTeX is used) and [variables for ConTeXt] (if ConTeXt is used).
If `wkhtmltopdf` is used, then the variables `margin-left`,
`margin-right`, `margin-top`, `margin-bottom`, and `papersize`
will affect the output, as will `--css`.
[`amsfonts`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsfonts
[`amsmath`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/amsmath
[`lm`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/lm
[`ifxetex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ifxetex
[`ifluatex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ifluatex
[`eurosym`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/eurosym
[`listings`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/listings
[`fancyvrb`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fancyvrb
[`longtable`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/longtable
[`booktabs`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs
[`graphicx`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/graphicx
[`grffile`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/grffile
[`geometry`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/geometry
[`setspace`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/setspace
[`xecjk`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/xecjk
[`hyperref`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/hyperref
[`ulem`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/ulem
[`babel`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/babel
[`bidi`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bidi
[`mathspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/mathspec
[`unicode-math`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/unicode-math
[`polyglossia`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/polyglossia
[`fontspec`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/fontspec
[`upquote`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/upquote
[`microtype`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/microtype
[`csquotes`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/csquotes
[`natbib`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/natbib
[`biblatex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex
[`bibtex`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/bibtex
[`biber`]: https://ctan.org/pkg/biber
[TeX Live]: http://www.tug.org/texlive/
Options
=======
General options
---------------
`-f` *FORMAT*, `-r` *FORMAT*, `--from=`*FORMAT*, `--read=`*FORMAT*
: Specify input format. *FORMAT* can be `native` (native Haskell),
`json` (JSON version of native AST), `markdown` (pandoc's
extended Markdown), `markdown_strict` (original unextended
Markdown), `markdown_phpextra` (PHP Markdown Extra), `markdown_github`
(GitHub-Flavored Markdown), `markdown_mmd` (MultiMarkdown),
`commonmark` (CommonMark Markdown), `textile` (Textile), `rst`
(reStructuredText), `html` (HTML), `docbook` (DocBook), `t2t`
(txt2tags), `docx` (docx), `odt` (ODT), `epub` (EPUB), `opml` (OPML),
`org` (Emacs Org mode), `mediawiki` (MediaWiki markup), `twiki` (TWiki
markup), `haddock` (Haddock markup), or `latex` (LaTeX). If
`+lhs` is appended to `markdown`, `rst`, `latex`, or `html`, the
input will be treated as literate Haskell source: see [Literate
Haskell support], below. Markdown
syntax extensions can be individually enabled or disabled by
appending `+EXTENSION` or `-EXTENSION` to the format name. So, for
example, `markdown_strict+footnotes+definition_lists` is strict
Markdown with footnotes and definition lists enabled, and
`markdown-pipe_tables+hard_line_breaks` is pandoc's Markdown
without pipe tables and with hard line breaks. See [Pandoc's
Markdown], below, for a list of extensions and
their names. See `--list-input-formats` and `--list-extensions`,
below.
`-t` *FORMAT*, `-w` *FORMAT*, `--to=`*FORMAT*, `--write=`*FORMAT*
: Specify output format. *FORMAT* can be `native` (native Haskell),
`json` (JSON version of native AST), `plain` (plain text),
`markdown` (pandoc's extended Markdown), `markdown_strict`
(original unextended Markdown), `markdown_phpextra` (PHP Markdown
Extra), `markdown_github` (GitHub-Flavored Markdown), `markdown_mmd`
(MultiMarkdown), `commonmark` (CommonMark Markdown), `rst`
(reStructuredText), `html4` (XHTML 1.0 Transitional), `html`
or `html5` (HTML5/XHTML [polyglot markup]), `latex`
(LaTeX), `beamer` (LaTeX beamer slide show), `context` (ConTeXt),
`man` (groff man), `mediawiki` (MediaWiki markup),
`dokuwiki` (DokuWiki markup), `zimwiki` (ZimWiki markup),
`textile` (Textile), `org` (Emacs Org mode), `texinfo` (GNU Texinfo),
`opml` (OPML), `docbook` or `docbook4` (DocBook 4), `docbook5`
(DocBook 5), `jats` (JATS XML), `opendocument` (OpenDocument),
`odt` (OpenOffice text document), `docx` (Word docx), `haddock`
(Haddock markup), `rtf` (rich text format), `epub2` (EPUB v2 book),
`epub` or `epub3` (EPUB v3), `fb2` (FictionBook2 e-book),
`asciidoc` (AsciiDoc), `icml` (InDesign ICML), `tei` (TEI
Simple), `slidy` (Slidy HTML and JavaScript slide show),
`slideous` (Slideous HTML and JavaScript slide show),
`dzslides` (DZSlides HTML5 + JavaScript slide show),
`revealjs` (reveal.js HTML5 + JavaScript slide show), `s5`
(S5 HTML and JavaScript slide show), or the path of a custom
lua writer (see [Custom writers], below). Note that `odt`,
`epub`, and `epub3` output will not be directed to *stdout*;
an output filename must be specified using the `-o/--output`
option. If `+lhs` is appended to `markdown`, `rst`, `latex`,
`beamer`, `html4`, or `html5`, the output will be rendered as
literate Haskell source: see [Literate Haskell support],
below. Markdown syntax extensions can be individually
enabled or disabled by appending `+EXTENSION` or
`-EXTENSION` to the format name, as described above under `-f`.
See `--list-output-formats` and `--list-extensions`, below.
`-o` *FILE*, `--output=`*FILE*
: Write output to *FILE* instead of *stdout*. If *FILE* is
`-`, output will go to *stdout*. (Exception: if the output
format is `odt`, `docx`, `epub`, or `epub3`, output to stdout is disabled.)
`--data-dir=`*DIRECTORY*
: Specify the user data directory to search for pandoc data files.
If this option is not specified, the default user data directory
will be used. This is, in Unix:
$HOME/.pandoc
in Windows XP:
C:\Documents And Settings\USERNAME\Application Data\pandoc
and in Windows Vista or later:
C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Roaming\pandoc
You can find the default user data directory on your system by
looking at the output of `pandoc --version`.
A `reference.odt`, `reference.docx`, `epub.css`, `templates`,
`slidy`, `slideous`, or `s5` directory
placed in this directory will override pandoc's normal defaults.
`--bash-completion`
: Generate a bash completion script. To enable bash completion
with pandoc, add this to your `.bashrc`:
eval "$(pandoc --bash-completion)"
`--verbose`
: Give verbose debugging output. Currently this only has an effect
with PDF output.
`--quiet`
: Suppress warning messages.
`--fail-if-warnings`
: Exit with error status if there are any warnings.
`--log=`*FILE*
: Write log messages in machine-readable JSON format to
*FILE*. All messages above DEBUG level will be written,
regardless of verbosity settings (`--verbose`, `--quiet`).
`--list-input-formats`
: List supported input formats, one per line.
`--list-output-formats`
: List supported output formats, one per line.
`--list-extensions`
: List supported Markdown extensions, one per line, followed
by a `+` or `-` indicating whether it is enabled by default
in pandoc's Markdown.
`--list-highlight-languages`
: List supported languages for syntax highlighting, one per
line.
`--list-highlight-styles`
: List supported styles for syntax highlighting, one per line.
See `--highlight-style`.
`-v`, `--version`
: Print version.
`-h`, `--help`
: Show usage message.
Reader options
--------------
`--base-header-level=`*NUMBER*
: Specify the base level for headers (defaults to 1).
`--indented-code-classes=`*CLASSES*
: Specify classes to use for indented code blocks--for example,
`perl,numberLines` or `haskell`. Multiple classes may be separated
by spaces or commas.
`--default-image-extension=`*EXTENSION*
: Specify a default extension to use when image paths/URLs have no
extension. This allows you to use the same source for formats that
require different kinds of images. Currently this option only affects
the Markdown and LaTeX readers.
`--file-scope`
: Parse each file individually before combining for multifile
documents. This will allow footnotes in different files with the
same identifiers to work as expected. If this option is set,
footnotes and links will not work across files. Reading binary
files (docx, odt, epub) implies `--file-scope`.
`--filter=`*PROGRAM*
: Specify an executable to be used as a filter transforming the
pandoc AST after the input is parsed and before the output is
written. The executable should read JSON from stdin and write
JSON to stdout. The JSON must be formatted like pandoc's own
JSON input and output. The name of the output format will be
passed to the filter as the first argument. Hence,
pandoc --filter ./caps.py -t latex
is equivalent to
pandoc -t json | ./caps.py latex | pandoc -f json -t latex
The latter form may be useful for debugging filters.
Filters may be written in any language. `Text.Pandoc.JSON`
exports `toJSONFilter` to facilitate writing filters in Haskell.
Those who would prefer to write filters in python can use the
module [`pandocfilters`], installable from PyPI. There are also
pandoc filter libraries in [PHP], [perl], and
[javascript/node.js].
In order of preference, pandoc will look for filters in
1. a specified full or relative path (executable or
non-executable)
2. `$DATADIR/filters` (executable or non-executable)
3. `$PATH` (executable only)
`--lua-filter=`*SCRIPT*
: Transform the document in a similar fashion as JSON filters (see
`--filter`), but use pandoc's build-in lua filtering system. The given
lua script is expected to return a list of lua filters which will be
applied in order. Each lua filter must contain element-transforming
functions indexed by the name of the AST element on which the filter
function should be applied.
The `pandoc` lua module provides helper functions for element
creation. It is always loaded into the script's lua environment.
The following is an example lua script for macro-expansion:
function expand_hello_world(inline)
if inline.c == '{{helloworld}}' then
return pandoc.Emph{ pandoc.Str "Hello, World" }
else
return inline
end
end
return {{Str = expand_hello_world}}
`-M` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--metadata=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
: Set the metadata field *KEY* to the value *VAL*. A value specified
on the command line overrides a value specified in the document.
Values will be parsed as YAML boolean or string values. If no value is
specified, the value will be treated as Boolean true. Like
`--variable`, `--metadata` causes template variables to be set.
But unlike `--variable`, `--metadata` affects the metadata of the
underlying document (which is accessible from filters and may be
printed in some output formats).
`-p`, `--preserve-tabs`
: Preserve tabs instead of converting them to spaces (the default).
Note that this will only affect tabs in literal code spans and code
blocks; tabs in regular text will be treated as spaces.
`--tab-stop=`*NUMBER*
: Specify the number of spaces per tab (default is 4).
`--track-changes=accept`|`reject`|`all`
: Specifies what to do with insertions, deletions, and comments
produced by the MS Word "Track Changes" feature. `accept` (the
default), inserts all insertions, and ignores all
deletions. `reject` inserts all deletions and ignores
insertions. Both `accept` and `reject` ignore comments. `all` puts
in insertions, deletions, and comments, wrapped in spans with
`insertion`, `deletion`, `comment-start`, and `comment-end`
classes, respectively. The author and time of change is
included. `all` is useful for scripting: only accepting changes
from a certain reviewer, say, or before a certain date. This
option only affects the docx reader.
`--extract-media=`*DIR*
: Extract images and other media contained in or linked from
the source document to the path *DIR*, creating it if
necessary, and adjust the images references in the document
so they point to the extracted files. If the source format is
a binary container (docx, epub, or odt), the media is
extracted from the container and the original
filenames are used. Otherwise the media is read from the
file system or downloaded, and new filenames are constructed
based on SHA1 hashes of the contents.
`--abbreviations=`*FILE*
: Specifies a custom abbreviations file, with abbreviations
one to a line. If this option is not specified, pandoc will
read the data file `abbreviations` from the user data
directory or fall back on a system default. To see the
system default, use
`pandoc --print-default-data-file=abbreviations`. The only
use pandoc makes of this list is in the Markdown reader.
Strings ending in a period that are found in this list will
be followed by a nonbreaking space, so that the period will
not produce sentence-ending space in formats like LaTeX.
[`pandocfilters`]: https://github.com/jgm/pandocfilters
[PHP]: https://github.com/vinai/pandocfilters-php
[perl]: https://metacpan.org/pod/Pandoc::Filter
[javascript/node.js]: https://github.com/mvhenderson/pandoc-filter-node
General writer options
----------------------
`-s`, `--standalone`
: Produce output with an appropriate header and footer (e.g. a
standalone HTML, LaTeX, TEI, or RTF file, not a fragment). This option
is set automatically for `pdf`, `epub`, `epub3`, `fb2`, `docx`, and `odt`
output.
`--template=`*FILE*
: Use *FILE* as a custom template for the generated document. Implies
`--standalone`. See [Templates], below, for a description
of template syntax. If no extension is specified, an extension
corresponding to the writer will be added, so that `--template=special`
looks for `special.html` for HTML output. If the template is not
found, pandoc will search for it in the `templates` subdirectory of
the user data directory (see `--data-dir`). If this option is not used,
a default template appropriate for the output format will be used (see
`-D/--print-default-template`).
`-V` *KEY*[`=`*VAL*], `--variable=`*KEY*[`:`*VAL*]
: Set the template variable *KEY* to the value *VAL* when rendering the
document in standalone mode. This is generally only useful when the
`--template` option is used to specify a custom template, since
pandoc automatically sets the variables used in the default
templates. If no *VAL* is specified, the key will be given the
value `true`.
`-D` *FORMAT*, `--print-default-template=`*FORMAT*
: Print the system default template for an output *FORMAT*. (See `-t`
for a list of possible *FORMAT*s.) Templates in the user data
directory are ignored.
`--print-default-data-file=`*FILE*
: Print a system default data file. Files in the user data directory
are ignored.
`--eol=crlf`|`lf`|`native`
: Manually specify line endings: `crlf` (Windows), `lf`
(MacOS/linux/unix), or `native` (line endings appropriate
to the OS on which pandoc is being run). The default is
`native`.
`--dpi`=*NUMBER*
: Specify the dpi (dots per inch) value for conversion from pixels
to inch/centimeters and vice versa. The default is 96dpi.
Technically, the correct term would be ppi (pixels per inch).
`--wrap=auto`|`none`|`preserve`
: Determine how text is wrapped in the output (the source
code, not the rendered version). With `auto` (the default),
pandoc will attempt to wrap lines to the column width specified by
`--columns` (default 72). With `none`, pandoc will not wrap
lines at all. With `preserve`, pandoc will attempt to
preserve the wrapping from the source document (that is,
where there are nonsemantic newlines in the source, there
will be nonsemantic newlines in the output as well).
Automatic wrapping does not currently work in HTML output.
`--columns=`*NUMBER*
: Specify length of lines in characters. This affects text wrapping
in the generated source code (see `--wrap`). It also affects
calculation of column widths for plain text tables (see [Tables] below).
`--toc`, `--table-of-contents`
: Include an automatically generated table of contents (or, in
the case of `latex`, `context`, `docx`, `rst`, or `ms`,
an instruction to create one) in the output document. This
option has no effect on `man`, `docbook4`, `docbook5`, `jats`,
`slidy`, `slideous`, `s5`, or `odt` output.
`--toc-depth=`*NUMBER*
: Specify the number of section levels to include in the table
of contents. The default is 3 (which means that level 1, 2, and 3
headers will be listed in the contents).
`--no-highlight`
: Disables syntax highlighting for code blocks and inlines, even when
a language attribute is given.
`--highlight-style=`*STYLE*|*FILE*
: Specifies the coloring style to be used in highlighted source code.
Options are `pygments` (the default), `kate`, `monochrome`,
`breezeDark`, `espresso`, `zenburn`, `haddock`, and `tango`.
For more information on syntax highlighting in pandoc, see
[Syntax highlighting], below. See also
`--list-highlight-styles`.
Instead of a *STYLE* name, a JSON file with extension
`.theme` may be supplied. This will be parsed as a KDE
syntax highlighting theme and (if valid) used as the
highlighting style. To see a sample theme that can be
modified, `pandoc --print-default-data-file default.theme`.
`--syntax-definition=`*FILE*
: Instructs pandoc to load a KDE XML syntax definition file,
which will be used for syntax highlighting of appropriately
marked code blocks. This can be used to add support for
new languages or to use altered syntax definitions for
existing languages.
`-H` *FILE*, `--include-in-header=`*FILE*
: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the header.
This can be used, for example, to include special
CSS or JavaScript in HTML documents. This option can be used
repeatedly to include multiple files in the header. They will be
included in the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
`-B` *FILE*, `--include-before-body=`*FILE*
: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the beginning of the
document body (e.g. after the `<body>` tag in HTML, or the
`\begin{document}` command in LaTeX). This can be used to include
navigation bars or banners in HTML documents. This option can be
used repeatedly to include multiple files. They will be included in
the order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
`-A` *FILE*, `--include-after-body=`*FILE*
: Include contents of *FILE*, verbatim, at the end of the document
body (before the `</body>` tag in HTML, or the
`\end{document}` command in LaTeX). This option can be used
repeatedly to include multiple files. They will be included in the
order specified. Implies `--standalone`.
`--resource-path=`*SEARCHPATH*
: List of paths to search for images and other resources.
The paths should be separated by `:` on linux, unix, and
MacOS systems, and by `;` on Windows. If `--resource-path`
is not specified, the default resource path is the working
directory. Note that, if `--resource-path` is specified,
the working directory must be explicitly listed or it
will not be searched. For example:
`--resource-path=.:test` will search the working directory
and the `test` subdirectory, in that order.
Options affecting specific writers
----------------------------------
`--self-contained`
: Produce a standalone HTML file with no external dependencies, using
`data:` URIs to incorporate the contents of linked scripts, stylesheets,
images, and videos. The resulting file should be "self-contained,"
in the sense that it needs no external files and no net access to be
displayed properly by a browser. This option works only with HTML output
formats, including `html4`, `html5`, `html+lhs`, `html5+lhs`, `s5`,
`slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`, and `revealjs`. Scripts, images, and
stylesheets at absolute URLs will be downloaded; those at relative URLs
will be sought relative to the working directory (if the first source
file is local) or relative to the base URL (if the first source
file is remote). Elements with the attribute
`data-external="1"` will be left alone; the documents they
link to will not be incorporated in the document.
Limitation: resources that are loaded dynamically through
JavaScript cannot be incorporated; as a result,
`--self-contained` does not work with `--mathjax`, and some
advanced features (e.g. zoom or speaker notes) may not work
in an offline "self-contained" `reveal.js` slide show.
`--html-q-tags`
: Use `<q>` tags for quotes in HTML.
`--ascii`
: Use only ASCII characters in output. Currently supported only for
HTML and DocBook output (which uses numerical entities instead of
UTF-8 when this option is selected).
`--reference-links`
: Use reference-style links, rather than inline links, in writing Markdown
or reStructuredText. By default inline links are used. The
placement of link references is affected by the
`--reference-location` option.
`--reference-location = block`|`section`|`document`
: Specify whether footnotes (and references, if `reference-links` is
set) are placed at the end of the current (top-level) block, the
current section, or the document. The default is
`document`. Currently only affects the markdown writer.
`--atx-headers`
: Use ATX-style headers in Markdown and AsciiDoc output. The default is
to use setext-style headers for levels 1-2, and then ATX headers.
`--top-level-division=[default|section|chapter|part]`
: Treat top-level headers as the given division type in LaTeX, ConTeXt,
DocBook, and TEI output. The hierarchy order is part, chapter, then section;
all headers are shifted such that the top-level header becomes the specified
type. The default behavior is to determine the best division type via
heuristics: unless other conditions apply, `section` is chosen. When the
LaTeX document class is set to `report`, `book`, or `memoir` (unless the
`article` option is specified), `chapter` is implied as the setting for this
option. If `beamer` is the output format, specifying either `chapter` or
`part` will cause top-level headers to become `\part{..}`, while
second-level headers remain as their default type.
`-N`, `--number-sections`
: Number section headings in LaTeX, ConTeXt, HTML, or EPUB output.
By default, sections are not numbered. Sections with class
`unnumbered` will never be numbered, even if `--number-sections`
is specified.
`--number-offset=`*NUMBER*[`,`*NUMBER*`,`*...*]
: Offset for section headings in HTML output (ignored in other
output formats). The first number is added to the section number for
top-level headers, the second for second-level headers, and so on.
So, for example, if you want the first top-level header in your
document to be numbered "6", specify `--number-offset=5`.
If your document starts with a level-2 header which you want to
be numbered "1.5", specify `--number-offset=1,4`.
Offsets are 0 by default. Implies `--number-sections`.
`--listings`
: Use the [`listings`] package for LaTeX code blocks
`-i`, `--incremental`
: Make list items in slide shows display incrementally (one by one).
The default is for lists to be displayed all at once.
`--slide-level=`*NUMBER*
: Specifies that headers with the specified level create
slides (for `beamer`, `s5`, `slidy`, `slideous`, `dzslides`). Headers
above this level in the hierarchy are used to divide the
slide show into sections; headers below this level create
subheads within a slide. Note that content that is
not contained under slide-level headers will not appear in
the slide show. The default is to set the slide level based
on the contents of the document; see [Structuring the slide
show].
`--section-divs`
: Wrap sections in `<div>` tags (or `<section>` tags in HTML5),
and attach identifiers to the enclosing `<div>` (or `<section>`)
rather than the header itself. See
[Header identifiers], below.
`--email-obfuscation=none`|`javascript`|`references`
: Specify a method for obfuscating `mailto:` links in HTML documents.
`none` leaves `mailto:` links as they are. `javascript` obfuscates
them using JavaScript. `references` obfuscates them by printing their
letters as decimal or hexadecimal character references. The default
is `none`.
`--id-prefix=`*STRING*
: Specify a prefix to be added to all identifiers and internal links
in HTML and DocBook output, and to footnote numbers in Markdown
and Haddock output. This is useful for preventing duplicate
identifiers when generating fragments to be included in other pages.
`-T` *STRING*, `--title-prefix=`*STRING*
: Specify *STRING* as a prefix at the beginning of the title
that appears in the HTML header (but not in the title as it
appears at the beginning of the HTML body). Implies
`--standalone`.
`-c` *URL*, `--css=`*URL*
: Link to a CSS style sheet. This option can be used repeatedly to
include multiple files. They will be included in the order specified.
A stylesheet is required for generating EPUB. If none is
provided using this option (or the `stylesheet` metadata
field), pandoc will look for a file `epub.css` in the
user data directory (see `--data-dir`). If it is not
found there, sensible defaults will be used.
`--reference-doc=`*FILE*
: Use the specified file as a style reference in producing a
docx or ODT file.
Docx
: For best results, the reference docx should be a modified
version of a docx file produced using pandoc. The contents
of the reference docx are ignored, but its stylesheets and
document properties (including margins, page size, header,
and footer) are used in the new docx. If no reference docx
is specified on the command line, pandoc will look for a
file `reference.docx` in the user data directory (see
`--data-dir`). If this is not found either, sensible
defaults will be used.
To produce a custom `reference.docx`, first get a copy of
the default `reference.docx`: `pandoc
--print-default-data-file reference.docx >
custom-reference.docx`. Then open `custom-reference.docx`
in Word, modify the styles as you wish, and save the file.
For best results, do not make changes to this file other
than modifying the styles used by pandoc: [paragraph]
Normal, Body Text, First Paragraph, Compact, Title,
Subtitle, Author, Date, Abstract, Bibliography, Heading 1,
Heading 2, Heading 3, Heading 4, Heading 5, Heading 6,
Heading 7, Heading 8, Heading 9, Block Text, Footnote Text,
Definition Term, Definition, Caption, Table Caption,
Image Caption, Figure, Captioned Figure, TOC Heading;
[character] Default Paragraph Font, Body Text Char,
Verbatim Char, Footnote Reference, Hyperlink; [table]
Table.
ODT
: For best results, the reference ODT should be a modified
version of an ODT produced using pandoc. The contents of
the reference ODT are ignored, but its stylesheets are used
in the new ODT. If no reference ODT is specified on the
command line, pandoc will look for a file `reference.odt` in
the user data directory (see `--data-dir`). If this is not
found either, sensible defaults will be used.
To produce a custom `reference.odt`, first get a copy of
the default `reference.odt`: `pandoc
--print-default-data-file reference.odt >
custom-reference.odt`. Then open `custom-reference.odt` in
LibreOffice, modify the styles as you wish, and save the
file.
`--epub-cover-image=`*FILE*
: Use the specified image as the EPUB cover. It is recommended
that the image be less than 1000px in width and height. Note that
in a Markdown source document you can also specify `cover-image`
in a YAML metadata block (see [EPUB Metadata], below).
`--epub-metadata=`*FILE*
: Look in the specified XML file for metadata for the EPUB.
The file should contain a series of [Dublin Core elements].
For example:
<dc:rights>Creative Commons</dc:rights>
<dc:language>es-AR</dc:language>
By default, pandoc will include the following metadata elements:
`<dc:title>` (from the document title), `<dc:creator>` (from the
document authors), `<dc:date>` (from the document date, which should
be in [ISO 8601 format]), `<dc:language>` (from the `lang`
variable, or, if is not set, the locale), and `<dc:identifier
id="BookId">` (a randomly generated UUID). Any of these may be
overridden by elements in the metadata file.
Note: if the source document is Markdown, a YAML metadata block
in the document can be used instead. See below under
[EPUB Metadata].
`--epub-embed-font=`*FILE*
: Embed the specified font in the EPUB. This option can be repeated
to embed multiple fonts. Wildcards can also be used: for example,
`DejaVuSans-*.ttf`. However, if you use wildcards on the command
line, be sure to escape them or put the whole filename in single quotes,
to prevent them from being interpreted by the shell. To use the
embedded fonts, you will need to add declarations like the following
to your CSS (see `--css`):
@font-face {
font-family: DejaVuSans;
font-style: normal;
font-weight: normal;
src:url("DejaVuSans-Regular.ttf");
}
@font-face {
font-family: DejaVuSans;
font-style: normal;
font-weight: bold;
src:url("DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf");
}
@font-face {
font-family: DejaVuSans;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: normal;
src:url("DejaVuSans-Oblique.ttf");
}
@font-face {
font-family: DejaVuSans;
font-style: italic;
font-weight: bold;
src:url("DejaVuSans-BoldOblique.ttf");
}
body { font-family: "DejaVuSans"; }
`--epub-chapter-level=`*NUMBER*
: Specify the header level at which to split the EPUB into separate
"chapter" files. The default is to split into chapters at level 1
headers. This option only affects the internal composition of the
EPUB, not the way chapters and sections are displayed to users. Some
readers may be slow if the chapter files are too large, so for large
documents with few level 1 headers, one might want to use a chapter
level of 2 or 3.
`--latex-engine=pdflatex`|`lualatex`|`xelatex`
: Use the specified LaTeX engine when producing PDF output.
The default is `pdflatex`. If the engine is not in your PATH,
the full path of the engine may be specified here.
`--latex-engine-opt=`*STRING*
: Use the given string as a command-line argument to the `latex-engine`.
If used multiple times, the arguments are provided with spaces between
them. Note that no check for duplicate options is done.
[Dublin Core elements]: http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/
[ISO 8601 format]: http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
Citation rendering
------------------
`--bibliography=`*FILE*
: Set the `bibliography` field in the document's metadata to *FILE*,
overriding any value set in the metadata, and process citations
using `pandoc-citeproc`. (This is equivalent to
`--metadata bibliography=FILE --filter pandoc-citeproc`.)
If `--natbib` or `--biblatex` is also supplied, `pandoc-citeproc` is not