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操作系统内核-实验四.html
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操作系统内核 实验四
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<h1 id="实验目的"><a href="#实验目的" class="headerlink" title="实验目的"></a>实验目的</h1><ol>
<li>掌握文件系统的工作机理</li>
<li>理解文件系统的主要数据结构</li>
<li>学习较为复杂的Linux下的编程</li>
<li>了解EXT2文件系统的结构</li>
</ol>
<span id="more"></span>
<h1 id="准备知识"><a href="#准备知识" class="headerlink" title="准备知识"></a>准备知识</h1><h2 id="外存管理"><a href="#外存管理" class="headerlink" title="外存管理"></a>外存管理</h2><p>文件系统层次结构如下</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20191028140351.png"></p>
<h2 id="目录管理"><a href="#目录管理" class="headerlink" title="目录管理"></a>目录管理</h2><p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20191028140429.png"></p>
<h2 id="文件系统接口"><a href="#文件系统接口" class="headerlink" title="文件系统接口"></a>文件系统接口</h2><p>命令接口</p>
<p>程序接口</p>
<h2 id="Linux的EXT2文件系统"><a href="#Linux的EXT2文件系统" class="headerlink" title="Linux的EXT2文件系统"></a>Linux的EXT2文件系统</h2><ul>
<li><p>EXT2文件系统结构<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20191028140906.png"></p>
</li>
<li><p>数据地址安排</p>
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20191111002748.png" style="zoom:10%;" /></li>
</ul>
<h1 id="实验步骤"><a href="#实验步骤" class="headerlink" title="实验步骤"></a>实验步骤</h1><ol>
<li><p>输入命令<code>make</code>编译该文件系统：成功<code>build modules</code>(该实验是在root用户下实现的，不需要输入<code>sudo</code>)<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20191111021201.png"></p>
</li>
<li><p>输入命令<code>insmod aufs.ko</code>安装模块<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20191111021442.png"></p>
</li>
<li><p>使用<code>dmesg</code>命令查看模块是否安装成功<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20191111021630.png"></p>
<p>在使用<code>dmesg</code>命令后，输出了相当多的模块信息</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20191111021717.png"></p>
<p>在输出信息的最后，可以发现语句如下，表示模块已经安装成功.</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[ 1861.402049] create inode cache success</span><br><span class="line">[ 1861.402056] register filesystem success</span><br><span class="line">[ 1861.402059] aufs module loaded</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>输入命令<code>mount -o loop -t aufs ./image ./dir</code>挂载设备<br><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20191111022338.png"></p>
</li>
<li><p>使用命令<code>dmesg</code>再次打印模块输出，可以查看挂载是否成功.</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20191111022446.png"></p>
<p>获得了<code>super block</code>的相关信息<code>super block</code>结构是指文件系统在磁盘分区的特殊位置中存储的文件系统参数集，包括：</p>
<ol>
<li><code>magic</code></li>
<li>索引节点块——<code>inode blocks</code></li>
<li>块大小——<code>block size</code></li>
<li>根节点——<code>root inode</code></li>
<li>块中的索引节点数——<code>inodes in block</code></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p>卸载模块前必须先卸载已挂载的文件系统，否则会出现以下错误 ：<br><img src="C:\Users\Levi\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20191111022536623.png" alt="image-20191111022536623"></p>
</li>
<li><p>输入<code>mount</code>指令查看已挂载的设备，找到挂载的文件系统及其挂载点为<code>/root/桌面/filesystem/image</code>和<code>/root/桌面/filesystem/dir</code><br><img src="C:\Users\Levi\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20191111022608021.png" alt="image-20191111022608021"></p>
</li>
<li><p>卸载系统后，卸载模块。在卸载已挂载的设备时，该设备不能有进程在运行。<br><img src="C:\Users\Levi\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20191111022828188.png" alt="image-20191111022828188"></p>
</li>
<li><p>再输入<code>dmesg</code>命令显示已卸载。<br><img src="C:\Users\Levi\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20191111022905569.png" alt="image-20191111022905569"></p>
</li>
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<h1 id="核心代码分析"><a href="#核心代码分析" class="headerlink" title="核心代码分析"></a>核心代码分析</h1><p>本次实验代码的核心在<code>inode</code>分配函数</p>
<h2 id="aufs-fill-sb函数"><a href="#aufs-fill-sb函数" class="headerlink" title="aufs_fill_sb函数"></a><code>aufs_fill_sb</code>函数</h2><p>在为根目录创建<code>dentry</code>（目录项）之前，应创建根目录的索引节点（索引节点）。索引节点结构可能是文件系统中最重要的一种。每个文件系统对象（文件，文件夹，特殊文件，杂志等）都用<code>inode</code>标识。</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">static</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">aufs_fill_sb</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">struct</span> super_block *sb, <span class="type">void</span> *data, <span class="type">int</span> silent)</span></span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="title">inode</span> *<span class="title">root</span> =</span> <span class="literal">NULL</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> sb->s_magic = AUFS_MAGIC_NUMBER;</span><br><span class="line"> sb->s_op = &aufs_super_ops;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> root = new_inode(sb);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (!root)</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> pr_err(<span class="string">"inode allocation failed\n"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> -ENOMEM;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> root->i_ino = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> root->i_sb = sb;</span><br><span class="line"> root->i_atime = root->i_mtime = root->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;</span><br><span class="line"> inode_init_owner(root, <span class="literal">NULL</span>, S_IFDIR);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> sb->s_root = d_make_root(root);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (!sb->s_root)</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> pr_err(<span class="string">"root creation failed\n"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> -ENOMEM;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="aufs-inode-fill函数"><a href="#aufs-inode-fill函数" class="headerlink" title="aufs_inode_fill函数"></a><code>aufs_inode_fill</code>函数</h2><p>负责填充</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">static</span> <span class="type">void</span> <span class="title function_">aufs_inode_fill</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">struct</span> aufs_inode *ai,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params"> <span class="keyword">struct</span> aufs_disk_inode <span class="type">const</span> *di)</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> ai->ai_block = be32_to_cpu(di->di_first);</span><br><span class="line"> ai->ai_inode.i_mode = be32_to_cpu(di->di_mode);</span><br><span class="line"> ai->ai_inode.i_size = be32_to_cpu(di->di_size);</span><br><span class="line"> ai->ai_inode.i_blocks = be32_to_cpu(di->di_blocks);</span><br><span class="line"> ai->ai_inode.i_ctime.tv_sec = be64_to_cpu(di->di_ctime);</span><br><span class="line"> ai->ai_inode.i_mtime.tv_sec = ai->ai_inode.i_atime.tv_sec =</span><br><span class="line"> ai->ai_inode.i_ctime.tv_sec;</span><br><span class="line"> ai->ai_inode.i_mtime.tv_nsec = ai->ai_inode.i_atime.tv_nsec =</span><br><span class="line"> ai->ai_inode.i_ctime.tv_nsec = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> i_uid_write(&ai->ai_inode, (<span class="type">uid_t</span>)be32_to_cpu(di->di_uid));</span><br><span class="line"> i_gid_write(&ai->ai_inode, (<span class="type">gid_t</span>)be32_to_cpu(di->di_gid));</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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