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DVWA-File-Inclusion.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="description" content="前言File Inclusion文件包含，是指当服务器开启allow_url_include选项时，可以通过php的某些特性数include()、require()、 include_once()、require_once()利用url去动态包含文件，此时如果没有对文件来源进行严格审查，就会导致任意文件读取或者任意命令执行。">
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<meta property="og:description" content="前言File Inclusion文件包含，是指当服务器开启allow_url_include选项时，可以通过php的某些特性数include()、require()、 include_once()、require_once()利用url去动态包含文件，此时如果没有对文件来源进行严格审查，就会导致任意文件读取或者任意命令执行。">
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DVWA File Inclusion
</h1>
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<time title="创建时间：2019-11-20 15:32:08" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2019-11-20T15:32:08+08:00">2019-11-20</time>
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<time title="修改时间：2023-05-07 15:37:53" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-05-07T15:37:53+08:00">2023-05-07</time>
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<h1 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h1><p>File Inclusion文件包含，是指当服务器开启<code>allow_url_include</code>选项时，可以通过php的某些特性数<code>include()</code>、<code>require()</code>、 <code>include_once()</code>、<code>require_once()</code>利用url去动态包含文件，此时如果没有对文件来源进行严格审查，就会导致任意文件读取或者任意命令执行。<span id="more"></span></p>
<h2 id="文件包含分类"><a href="#文件包含分类" class="headerlink" title="文件包含分类"></a>文件包含分类</h2><ul>
<li><p> <strong>LFI</strong>:本地文件包含(Local File Inclusion)</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>RFI</strong>:远程文件包含(Remote File Inclusion)</p>
<p> 远程文件包含漏洞是因为开启了php配置中的<code>allow_url_fopen</code>选项，选项开启之后，服务器允许包含一个远程的文件。 </p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="与文件包含有关的函数"><a href="#与文件包含有关的函数" class="headerlink" title="与文件包含有关的函数"></a>与文件包含有关的函数</h2><ul>
<li> <code>include()</code>：只有代码执行到该函数时才会包含文件进来，发生错误时只给出一个警告并继续向下执行。</li>
<li> <code>include_once()</code>：和 include()功能相同，区别在于当重复调用同一文件时，程序只调用一次。</li>
<li> <code>require()</code>：只要程序执行就包含文件进来，发生错误时会输出错误结果并终止运行。</li>
<li> <code>require_once()</code>：和 require()功能相同，区别在于当重复调用同一文件时，程序只调用一次。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="相关的-php-ini-配置参数"><a href="#相关的-php-ini-配置参数" class="headerlink" title="相关的 php.ini 配置参数"></a>相关的 php.ini 配置参数</h2><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">allow_url_fopen = on （默认开启）</span><br><span class="line">allow_url_include = on （默认关闭）</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="LOW"><a href="#LOW" class="headerlink" title="LOW"></a>LOW</h1><h2 id="分析"><a href="#分析" class="headerlink" title="分析"></a>分析</h2><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// The page we wish to display</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable">$file</span> = <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">'page'</span> ];</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>分析：</p>
<p>服务器端对page参数没有做任何的过滤跟检查。</p>
<p>服务器期望用户的操作是点击下面的三个链接，服务器会包含相应的文件，并将结果返回。</p>
<p>服务器包含文件时，不管文件后缀是否是php，都会尝试当做php文件执行。</p>
<p>如果文件内容确为php，则会正常执行并返回结果；</p>
<p>如果不是，则会原封不动地打印文件内容；</p>
<p>因此文件包含漏洞常常会导致任意文件读取与任意命令执行。</p>
<p>文件包含漏洞常常会导致任意文件读取与任意命令执行。现实中，恶意的攻击者是不会乖乖点击这些链接的，因此page参数是不可控的。</p>
<h2 id="攻击测试"><a href="#攻击测试" class="headerlink" title="攻击测试"></a>攻击测试</h2><p>点击file1.php，观察到url为：<code>http://localhost/DVWA/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=file1.php</code></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20201120162945.png"></p>
<p>利用漏洞构造url：<code>http://localhost/DVWA/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=/Users/leeyuxun/WWW/dvwa/php.ini</code>（绝对路径）</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20201120163304.png"></p>
<p>也可以构造url相对路径：<code>http://localhost/DVWA/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=/?page=../../php.ini</code></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20201120163720.png"></p>
<h1 id="MEDIUM"><a href="#MEDIUM" class="headerlink" title="MEDIUM"></a>MEDIUM</h1><h2 id="分析-1"><a href="#分析-1" class="headerlink" title="分析"></a>分析</h2><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> <span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// The page we wish to display</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable">$file</span> = <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">'page'</span> ];</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Input validation</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable">$file</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">str_replace</span>( <span class="keyword">array</span>( <span class="string">"http://"</span>, <span class="string">"https://"</span> ), <span class="string">""</span>, <span class="variable">$file</span> );</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable">$file</span> = <span class="title function_ invoke__">str_replace</span>( <span class="keyword">array</span>( <span class="string">"../"</span>, <span class="string">"..\""</span> ), <span class="string">""</span>, <span class="variable">$file</span> );</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>分析：</p>
<p>增加了<code>str_replace()</code>函数，对page参数进行了一定的处理，将<code>http://</code>、<code>https://</code>、<code>../</code>、<code>..\</code>替换为空字符，只是过滤了远程包含，但没有过滤本地包含，可以使用本地绝对路径进行攻击；</p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20201120163304.png"></p>
<p><strong>注意</strong>：使用<code>str_replace()</code>函数是极其不安全的，可以使用<strong>双写绕过</strong>替换规则。例如<code>page=htthttp://p://</code>时，<code>str_replace()</code>函数会将<code>http://</code>删除，于是<code>page=http://</code>，成功执行远程命令；</p>
<h1 id="HIGH"><a href="#HIGH" class="headerlink" title="HIGH"></a>HIGH</h1><h2 id="分析-2"><a href="#分析-2" class="headerlink" title="分析"></a>分析</h2><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// The page we wish to display</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable">$file</span> = <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">'page'</span> ];</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Input validation</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>( !<span class="title function_ invoke__">fnmatch</span>( <span class="string">"file*"</span>, <span class="variable">$file</span> ) && <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">"include.php"</span> ) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// This isn't the page we want!</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"ERROR: File not found!"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">exit</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>fnmatch函数检查page参数，要求page参数的开头必须是file，服务器才会去包含相应的文件；<br>代码规定只能包含file开头的文件，不过可以利用file协议绕过防护策略；</p>
<p>利用漏洞构造url：<code>http://localhost/DVWA/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=file:///Users/leeyuxun/WWW/dvwa/php.ini</code></p>
<p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Leeyuxun/pic-storage/main/img/20201120165554.png"></p>
<h1 id="IMPOSSIBLE"><a href="#IMPOSSIBLE" class="headerlink" title="IMPOSSIBLE"></a>IMPOSSIBLE</h1><h2 id="分析-3"><a href="#分析-3" class="headerlink" title="分析"></a>分析</h2><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> <span class="meta"><?php</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// The page we wish to display</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="variable">$file</span> = <span class="variable">$_GET</span>[ <span class="string">'page'</span> ];</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// Only allow include.php or file{1..3}.php</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span>( <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">"include.php"</span> && <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">"file1.php"</span> && <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">"file2.php"</span> && <span class="variable">$file</span> != <span class="string">"file3.php"</span> ) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// This isn't the page we want!</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"ERROR: File not found!"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">exit</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">?></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>分析：</p>
<p>使用了<strong>白名单机制</strong>进行防护，page参数必须为<code>include.php</code>、<code>file1.php</code>、<code>file2.php</code>、<code>file3.php</code>之一，彻底杜绝了文件包含漏洞。</p>
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