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Docker命令汇总.html
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Docker命令汇总.html
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Docker命令汇总
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<h2 id="介绍"><a href="#介绍" class="headerlink" title="介绍"></a>介绍</h2><p>总结docker相关命令。<span id="more"></span></p>
<h2 id="容器生命周期管理"><a href="#容器生命周期管理" class="headerlink" title="容器生命周期管理"></a>容器生命周期管理</h2><h3 id="run"><a href="#run" class="headerlink" title="run"></a><code>run</code></h3><p>创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>-a stdin</code>: 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项；</li>
<li> <strong><code>-d</code>: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；</strong></li>
<li> <strong><code>-i</code>: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；</strong></li>
<li> <code>-P</code>: 随机端口映射，容器内部端口<strong>随机</strong>映射到主机的端口；</li>
<li> <strong><code>-p</code>: 指定端口映射，格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口；</strong></li>
<li> <strong><code>-t</code>: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；</strong></li>
<li> <strong><code>--name="nginx-lb"</code>: 为容器指定一个名称；</strong></li>
<li> <code>--dns 8.8.8.8</code>: 指定容器使用的DNS服务器，默认和宿主一致；</li>
<li> <code>--dns-search example.com</code>: 指定容器DNS搜索域名，默认和宿主一致；</li>
<li> <code>-h "mars"</code>: 指定容器的hostname；</li>
<li> <code>-e username="ritchie"</code>: 设置环境变量；</li>
<li> <code>--env-file=[]</code>: 从指定文件读入环境变量；</li>
<li> <code>--cpuset="0-2" or --cpuset="0,1,2"</code>: 绑定容器到指定CPU运行；</li>
<li> <code>-m </code>: 设置容器使用内存最大值；</li>
<li> <code>--net="bridge"</code>: 指定容器的网络连接类型，支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型；</li>
<li> <code>--link=[]</code>: 添加链接到另一个容器；</li>
<li> <code>--expose=[]</code>: 开放一个端口或一组端口；</li>
<li> <code>--volume , -v</code>: 绑定一个卷；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 使用镜像 nginx:latest，以后台模式启动一个容器,将容器的 80 端口映射到主机的 80 端口,主机的目录 /data 映射到容器的 /data。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker run -p 80:80 -v /data:/data -d nginx:latest</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="start-stop-restart"><a href="#start-stop-restart" class="headerlink" title="start/stop/restart"></a><code>start/stop/restart</code></h3><p>容器启动/停止/重启</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br><span class="line">docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br><span class="line">docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 启动已被停止的容器myrunoob</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker start myrunoob</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="kill"><a href="#kill" class="headerlink" title="kill"></a><code>kill</code></h3><p>杀掉运行中的容器</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>-s </code>: 向容器发送一个信号；</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="rm"><a href="#rm" class="headerlink" title="rm"></a><code>rm</code></h3><p>删除一个或多个容器</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <code>-f </code>: 通过 SIGKILL 信号强制删除一个运行中的容器；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-l </code>: 移除容器间的网络连接，而非容器本身；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-v</code> : 删除与容器关联的卷；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 强制删除容器 db01、db02：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker rm -f db01 db02</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="pause-unpause"><a href="#pause-unpause" class="headerlink" title="pause/unpause"></a><code>pause/unpause</code></h3><p>暂停/恢复容器所有进程</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker pause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br><span class="line">docker unpause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 暂停数据库容器db01提供服务。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker pause db01</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="create"><a href="#create" class="headerlink" title="create"></a><code>create</code></h3><p>创建一个新的容器但不启动</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 使用docker镜像nginx:latest创建一个容器,并将容器命名为myrunoob</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker create --name myrunoob nginx:latest</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="exec"><a href="#exec" class="headerlink" title="exec"></a><code>exec</code></h3><p>在运行的容器中执行命令</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <code>-d</code>: 分离模式: 在后台运行；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <strong><code>-i</code>: 即使没有附加也保持STDIN 打开；</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p> <strong><code>-t</code>: 分配一个伪终端；</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 在容器 mynginx 中以交互模式执行容器内 /root/runoob.sh 脚本:</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker exec -it mynginx /bin/sh /root/runoob.sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 在容器 mynginx 中开启一个交互模式的终端:</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker exec -i -t mynginx /bin/bash</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="容器操作"><a href="#容器操作" class="headerlink" title="容器操作"></a>容器操作</h2><h3 id="ps"><a href="#ps" class="headerlink" title="ps"></a><code>ps</code></h3><p>列出容器</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker ps [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <strong><code>-a</code> : 显示所有的容器，包括未运行的；</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-f</code> : 根据条件过滤显示的内容；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--format</code> : 指定返回值的模板文件；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-l</code> : 显示最近创建的容器；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-n</code> : 列出最近创建的n个容器；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--no-trunc</code> : 不截断输出；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-q</code> : 静默模式，只显示容器编号；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-s</code> : 显示总的文件大小；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 列出所有在运行的容器信息</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker ps</span><br><span class="line">CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND ... PORTS NAMES</span><br><span class="line">09b93464c2f7 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon off" ... 80/tcp, 443/tcp myrunoob</span><br><span class="line">96f7f14e99ab mysql:5.6 "docker-entrypoint.sh" ... 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mymysql</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>输出详情介绍：</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <strong>CONTAINER ID:</strong> 容器 ID；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <strong>IMAGE:</strong> 使用的镜像；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <strong>COMMAND:</strong> 启动容器时运行的命令；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <strong>CREATED:</strong> 容器的创建时间；</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>STATUS:</strong> 容器状态，状态有7种；</p>
<ul>
<li><p> created（已创建）</p>
</li>
<li><p> restarting（重启中）</p>
</li>
<li><p> running（运行中）</p>
</li>
<li><p> removing（迁移中）</p>
</li>
<li><p> paused（暂停）</p>
</li>
<li><p> exited（停止）</p>
</li>
<li><p> dead（死亡）</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p> <strong>PORTS:</strong> 容器的端口信息和使用的连接类型（tcp\udp）；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <strong>NAMES:</strong> 自动分配的容器名称；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<h3 id="inspect"><a href="#inspect" class="headerlink" title="inspect"></a><code>inspect</code></h3><p>获取容器/镜像的元数据。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <code>-f</code> : 指定返回值的模板文件；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-s</code> : 显示总的文件大小；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--type</code> : 为指定类型返回JSON；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 获取镜像mysql:5.6的元信息</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker inspect mysql:5.6</span><br><span class="line">[</span><br><span class="line"> {</span><br><span class="line"> "Id": "sha256:2c0964ec182ae9a045f866bbc2553087f6e42bfc16074a74fb820af235f070ec",</span><br><span class="line"> "RepoTags": [</span><br><span class="line"> "mysql:5.6"</span><br><span class="line"> ],</span><br><span class="line"> "RepoDigests": [],</span><br><span class="line"> "Parent": "",</span><br><span class="line"> "Comment": "",</span><br><span class="line"> "Created": "2016-05-24T04:01:41.168371815Z",</span><br><span class="line"> "Container": "e0924bc460ff97787f34610115e9363e6363b30b8efa406e28eb495ab199ca54",</span><br><span class="line"> "ContainerConfig": {</span><br><span class="line"> "Hostname": "b0cf605c7757",</span><br><span class="line"> "Domainname": "",</span><br><span class="line"> "User": "",</span><br><span class="line"> "AttachStdin": false,</span><br><span class="line"> "AttachStdout": false,</span><br><span class="line"> "AttachStderr": false,</span><br><span class="line"> "ExposedPorts": {</span><br><span class="line"> "3306/tcp": {}</span><br><span class="line"> },</span><br><span class="line">...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 获取正在运行的容器mymysql的 IP</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' mymysql</span><br><span class="line">172.17.0.3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="top"><a href="#top" class="headerlink" title="top"></a><code>top</code></h3><p>查看容器中运行的进程信息，支持 ps 命令参数。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker top [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 容器运行时不一定有/bin/bash终端来交互执行top命令，而且容器还不一定有top命令，可以使用docker top来实现查看container中正在运行的进程。</p>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 查看容器mymysql的进程信息。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker top mymysql</span><br><span class="line">UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD</span><br><span class="line">999 40347 40331 18 00:58 ? 00:00:02 mysqld</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 查看所有运行容器的进程信息。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">for i in `docker ps |grep Up|awk '{print $1}'`;do echo \ &&docker top $i; done</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="attach"><a href="#attach" class="headerlink" title="attach"></a><code>attach</code></h3><p>连接到正在运行中的容器</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 要attach上去的容器必须正在运行，可以同时连接上同一个container来共享屏幕（与screen命令的attach类似）。</p>
<p> 官方文档中说attach后可以通过CTRL-C来detach，但实际上经过我的测试，如果container当前在运行bash，CTRL-C自然是当前行的输入，没有退出；如果container当前正在前台运行进程，如输出nginx的access.log日志，CTRL-C不仅会导致退出容器，而且还stop了。这不是我们想要的，detach的意思按理应该是脱离容器终端，但容器依然运行。好在attach是可以带上–sig-proxy=false来确保CTRL-D或CTRL-C不会关闭容器。</p>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 容器mynginx将访问日志指到标准输出，连接到容器查看访问信息。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker attach --sig-proxy=false mynginx</span><br><span class="line">192.168.239.1 - - [10/Jul/2016:16:54:26 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.93 Safari/537.36" "-"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="events"><a href="#events" class="headerlink" title="events"></a><code>events</code></h3><p>从服务器获取实时事件</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker events [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <code>-f</code> : 根据条件过滤事件；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--since</code> : 从指定的时间戳后显示所有事件;</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--until</code> : 流水时间显示到指定的时间为止；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 显示docker 2016年7月1日后的所有事件。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker events --since="1467302400"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 显示docker 镜像为mysql:5.6 2016年7月1日后的相关事件。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker events -f "image"="mysql:5.6" --since="1467302400" </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 如果指定的时间是到秒级的，需要将时间转成时间戳。如果时间为日期的话，可以直接使用，如–since=”2016-07-01”。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="logs"><a href="#logs" class="headerlink" title="logs"></a><code>logs</code></h3><p> 获取容器的日志</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <code>-f</code> : 跟踪日志输出；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--since</code> : 显示某个开始时间的所有日志；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-t</code> : 显示时间戳；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--tail</code> : 仅列出最新N条容器日志；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例<br> 跟踪查看容器mynginx的日志输出。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker logs -f mynginx</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 查看容器mynginx从2016年7月1日后的最新10条日志。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker logs --since="2016-07-01" --tail=10 mynginx</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="wait"><a href="#wait" class="headerlink" title="wait"></a><code>wait</code></h3><p>阻塞运行直到容器停止，然后打印出它的退出代码。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker wait [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker wait CONTAINER</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="export"><a href="#export" class="headerlink" title="export"></a><code>export</code></h3><p>将文件系统作为一个tar归档文件导出到STDOUT。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker export [OPTIONS] CONTAINER</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明：</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>-o</code> : 将输入内容写到文件。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 将id为a404c6c174a2的容器按日期保存为tar文件。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker export -o mysql-`date +%Y%m%d`.tar a404c6c174a2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="port"><a href="#port" class="headerlink" title="port"></a><code>port</code></h3><p>列出指定的容器的端口映射，或者查找将PRIVATE_PORT NAT到面向公众的端口。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker port [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 查看容器mynginx的端口映射情况。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker port mymysql</span><br><span class="line">3306/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:3306</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="容器rootfs命令"><a href="#容器rootfs命令" class="headerlink" title="容器rootfs命令"></a>容器rootfs命令</h2><h3 id="commit"><a href="#commit" class="headerlink" title="commit"></a><code>commit</code></h3><p>从容器创建一个新的镜像。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明：</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <code>-a</code> : 提交的镜像作者；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-c</code> : 使用Dockerfile指令来创建镜像；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-m</code> : 提交时的说明文字；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-p</code> : 在commit时，将容器暂停；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 将容器a404c6c174a2 保存为新的镜像,并添加提交人信息和说明信息</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker commit -a "runoob.com" -m "my apache" a404c6c174a2 mymysql:v1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="cp"><a href="#cp" class="headerlink" title="cp"></a><code>cp</code></h3><p>用于容器与主机之间的数据拷贝。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-</span><br><span class="line">docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>-L</code> : 保持源目标中的链接；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 将主机/www/runoob目录拷贝到容器96f7f14e99ab的/www目录下。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker cp /www/runoob 96f7f14e99ab:/www/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 将主机/www/runoob目录拷贝到容器96f7f14e99ab中，目录重命名为www。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker cp /www/runoob 96f7f14e99ab:/www</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 将容器96f7f14e99ab的/www目录拷贝到主机的/tmp目录中。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker cp 96f7f14e99ab:/www /tmp/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="diff"><a href="#diff" class="headerlink" title="diff"></a><code>diff</code></h3><p>检查容器里文件结构的更改。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker diff [OPTIONS] CONTAINER</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 查看容器mymysql的文件结构更改。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker diff mymysql</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="镜像仓库"><a href="#镜像仓库" class="headerlink" title="镜像仓库"></a>镜像仓库</h2><h3 id="login-logout"><a href="#login-logout" class="headerlink" title="login/logout"></a><code>login/logout</code></h3><p>登出一个Docker镜像仓库，如果未指定镜像仓库地址，默认为官方仓库 Docker Hub</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]</span><br><span class="line">docker logout [OPTIONS] [SERVER]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <code>-u</code> : 登陆的用户名；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-p</code> : 登陆的密码；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 登陆到Docker Hub</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker login -u 用户名 -p 密码</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 登出Docker Hub</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker logout</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="pull"><a href="#pull" class="headerlink" title="pull"></a><code>pull</code></h3><p>从镜像仓库中拉取或者更新指定镜像</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <code>-a</code> : 拉取所有 tagged 镜像；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--disable-content-trust</code> : 忽略镜像的校验，默认开启；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 从Docker Hub下载java最新版镜像。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker pull java</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 从Docker Hub下载REPOSITORY为java的所有镜像。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker pull -a java</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="push"><a href="#push" class="headerlink" title="push"></a><code>push</code></h3><p>将本地的镜像上传到镜像仓库,要先登陆到镜像仓库</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明：</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>--disable-content-trust</code> : 忽略镜像的校验，默认开启；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 上传本地镜像myapache:v1到镜像仓库中。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker push myapache:v1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="search"><a href="#search" class="headerlink" title="search"></a><code>search</code></h3><p>从Docker Hub查找镜像</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker search [OPTIONS] TERM</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <code>--automated</code> : 只列出 automated build类型的镜像；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--no-trunc</code> : 显示完整的镜像描述；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-f <过滤条件></code> : 列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 从 Docker Hub 查找所有镜像名包含 java，并且收藏数大于 10 的镜像</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker search -f stars=10 java</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED</span><br><span class="line">java Java is a concurrent, class-based... 1037 [OK] </span><br><span class="line">anapsix/alpine-java Oracle Java 8 (and 7) with GLIBC ... 115 [OK]</span><br><span class="line">develar/java 46 [OK]</span><br><span class="line">isuper/java-oracle This repository contains all java... 38 [OK]</span><br><span class="line">lwieske/java-8 Oracle Java 8 Container - Full + ... 27 [OK]</span><br><span class="line">nimmis/java-centos This is docker images of CentOS 7... 13 [OK]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>参数说明：</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <strong>NAME:</strong> 镜像仓库源的名称</p>
</li>
<li><p> <strong>DESCRIPTION:</strong> 镜像的描述</p>
</li>
<li><p> <strong>OFFICIAL:</strong> 是否 docker 官方发布</p>
</li>
<li><p> <strong>stars:</strong> 类似 Github 里面的 star</p>
</li>
<li><p> <strong>AUTOMATED:</strong> 自动构建；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="本地镜像管理"><a href="#本地镜像管理" class="headerlink" title="本地镜像管理"></a>本地镜像管理</h2><h3 id="images"><a href="#images" class="headerlink" title="images"></a><code>images</code></h3><p>列出本地镜像</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <code>-a</code> : 列出本地所有的镜像（含中间映像层，默认情况下，过滤掉中间映像层）；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--digests</code> : 显示镜像的摘要信息；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-f</code> : 显示满足条件的镜像；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--format</code> : 指定返回值的模板文件；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--no-trunc</code> : 显示完整的镜像信息；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-q</code> : 只显示镜像ID；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 查看本地镜像列表</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ocker images</span><br><span class="line">REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE</span><br><span class="line">mymysql v1 37af1236adef 5 minutes ago 329 MB</span><br><span class="line">runoob/ubuntu v4 1c06aa18edee 2 days ago 142.1 MB</span><br><span class="line"><none> <none> 5c6e1090e771 2 days ago 165.9 MB</span><br><span class="line">httpd latest ed38aaffef30 11 days ago 195.1 MB</span><br><span class="line">alpine latest 4e38e38c8ce0 2 weeks ago 4.799 MB</span><br><span class="line">mongo 3.2 282fd552add6 3 weeks ago 336.1 MB</span><br><span class="line">redis latest 4465e4bcad80 3 weeks ago 185.7 MB</span><br><span class="line">php 5.6-fpm 025041cd3aa5 3 weeks ago 456.3 MB</span><br><span class="line">python 3.5 045767ddf24a 3 weeks ago 684.1 MB</span><br><span class="line">...</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 列出本地镜像中REPOSITORY为ubuntu的镜像列表。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker images ubuntu</span><br><span class="line">REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE</span><br><span class="line">ubuntu 14.04 90d5884b1ee0 9 weeks ago 188 MB</span><br><span class="line">ubuntu 15.10 4e3b13c8a266 3 months ago 136.3 MB</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="rmi"><a href="#rmi" class="headerlink" title="rmi"></a><code>rmi</code></h3><p>删除本地一个或多个镜像。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>-f</code> : 强制删除；</li>
<li> <code>--no-prune</code> : 不移除该镜像的过程镜像，默认移除；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 强制删除本地镜像 runoob/ubuntu:v4。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker rmi -f runoob/ubuntu:v4</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="tag"><a href="#tag" class="headerlink" title="tag"></a><code>tag</code></h3><p>标记本地镜像，将其归入某一仓库。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker tag [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG] [REGISTRYHOST/][USERNAME/]NAME[:TAG]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 将镜像ubuntu:15.10标记为 runoob/ubuntu:v3 镜像。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker tag ubuntu:15.10 runoob/ubuntu:v3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="build"><a href="#build" class="headerlink" title="build"></a><code>build</code></h3><p>命令用于使用 Dockerfile 创建镜像。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <code>--build-arg=[]</code> : 设置镜像创建时的变量；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--cpu-shares</code> : 设置 cpu 使用权重；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--cpu-period</code> : 限制 CPU CFS周期；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--cpu-quota</code> : 限制 CPU CFS配额；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--cpuset-cpus</code> : 指定使用的CPU id；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--cpuset-mems</code> : 指定使用的内存 id；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--disable-content-trust</code> : 忽略校验，默认开启；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-f</code> : 指定要使用的Dockerfile路径；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--force-rm</code> : 设置镜像过程中删除中间容器；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--isolation</code> : 使用容器隔离技术；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--label=[]</code> : 设置镜像使用的元数据；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-m</code> : 设置内存最大值；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--memory-swap</code> : 设置Swap的最大值为内存+swap，”-1”表示不限swap；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--no-cache</code> : 创建镜像的过程不使用缓存；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--pull</code> : 尝试去更新镜像的新版本；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--quiet, -q</code> : 安静模式，成功后只输出镜像 ID；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--rm</code> : 设置镜像成功后删除中间容器；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--shm-size</code> : 设置/dev/shm的大小，默认值是64M；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--ulimit</code> : Ulimit配置。</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--squash</code> : 将 Dockerfile 中所有的操作压缩为一层；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--tag, -t</code> : 镜像的名字及标签，通常 name:tag 或者 name 格式；可以在一次构建中为一个镜像设置多个标签；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>--network</code> : 默认 default。在构建期间设置RUN指令的网络模式；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 使用当前目录的 Dockerfile 创建镜像，标签为 runoob/ubuntu:v1。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker build -t runoob/ubuntu:v1 . </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 使用URL <strong>github.com/creack/docker-firefox</strong> 的 Dockerfile 创建镜像。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker build github.com/creack/docker-firefox</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 也可以通过 -f Dockerfile 文件的位置：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker build -f /path/to/a/Dockerfile .</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 在 Docker 守护进程执行 Dockerfile 中的指令前，首先会对 Dockerfile 进行语法检查，有语法错误时会返回：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker build -t test/myapp .</span><br><span class="line">Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB</span><br><span class="line">Error response from daemon: Unknown instruction: RUNCMD</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="history"><a href="#history" class="headerlink" title="history"></a><code>history</code></h3><p>查看指定镜像的创建历史。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker history [OPTIONS] IMAGE</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>-H</code> : 以可读的格式打印镜像大小和日期，默认为true；</li>
<li> <code>--no-trunc</code> : 显示完整的提交记录；</li>
<li> <code>-q</code> : 仅列出提交记录ID；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 查看本地镜像runoob/ubuntu:v3的创建历史</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker history runoob/ubuntu:v3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="save"><a href="#save" class="headerlink" title="save"></a><code>save</code></h3><p>将指定镜像保存成 tar 归档文件。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS 说明</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>-o</code> : 输出到的文件；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 将镜像 ubuntu:v3 生成 my_ubuntu_v3.tar 文档</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker save -o my_ubuntu_v3.tar ubuntu:v3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="load"><a href="#load" class="headerlink" title="load"></a><code>load</code></h3><p>导入使用<code>docker save</code>命令导出的镜像</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker load [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS 说明</p>
<ul>
<li> <code>--input , -i</code> : 指定导入的文件，代替 STDIN；</li>
<li> <code>--quiet , -q</code> : 精简输出信息；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>实例</p>
<p> 导入镜像：</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker load < busybox.tar.gz</span><br><span class="line">docker load --input fedora.tar</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="import"><a href="#import" class="headerlink" title="import"></a><code>import</code></h3><p>从归档文件中创建镜像。</p>
<ul>
<li><p>语法</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
<li><p>OPTIONS说明</p>
<ul>
<li><p> <code>-c</code> : 应用docker 指令创建镜像；</p>
</li>
<li><p> <code>-m</code> : 提交时的说明文字；</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>