diff --git a/.github/workflows/test_package.yml b/.github/workflows/test_package.yml
index 8160552..043b3fa 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test_package.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test_package.yml
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
-        python -m pip install pyexiv2==2.9.0
+        python -m pip install pyexiv2==2.11.0
         python -m pip install pytest psutil
     - name: Test
       run: |
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
-        python -m pip install pyexiv2==2.9.0
+        python -m pip install pyexiv2==2.11.0
         python -m pip install pytest psutil
     - name: Test
       run: |
diff --git a/docs/Tutorial-cn.md b/docs/Tutorial-cn.md
index 370f7ef..1759538 100644
--- a/docs/Tutorial-cn.md
+++ b/docs/Tutorial-cn.md
@@ -112,6 +112,14 @@ class ImageData(Image):
 def registerNs(namespace: str, prefix: str)
 def enableBMFF(enable=True)
 def set_log_level(level=2)
+
+def convert_exif_to_xmp(data: dict, encoding='utf-8') -> dict
+def convert_iptc_to_xmp(data: dict, encoding='utf-8') -> dict
+def convert_xmp_to_exif(data: dict, encoding='utf-8') -> dict
+def convert_xmp_to_iptc(data: dict, encoding='utf-8') -> dict
+
+__version__ = '...'
+__exiv2_version__ = '...'
 ```
 
 ## Class Image
@@ -238,7 +246,6 @@ def set_log_level(level=2)
 
 - `img.read_icc()`、`img.modify_icc()`、`img.clear_icc()` 用于访问图片里的 [ICC profile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_profile) 。
 
-
 ### thumbnail
 
 - EXIF 标准允许在 JPEG 图片中嵌入缩略图，通常存储在 APP1 标签（FFE1）中。
@@ -315,3 +322,13 @@ def set_log_level(level=2)
     >>> pyexiv2.set_log_level(4)
     >>> img.modify_xmp({'Xmp.xmpMM.History': 'type="Seq"'}) # 此时没有错误日志
     ```
+
+## convert
+
+- Exiv2 支持将某些 EXIF 或 IPTC 标签，转换成 XMP 标签，也支持反向转换。参考：<https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/blob/v0.27.7/src/convert.cpp#L313>
+- 示例：
+    ```py
+    >>> pyexiv2.convert_exif_to_xmp({'Exif.Image.Artist': 'test-中文-', 'Exif.Image.Rating': '4'})
+    {'Xmp.dc.creator': ['test-中文-'], 'Xmp.xmp.Rating': '4'}
+    ```
+
diff --git a/docs/Tutorial.md b/docs/Tutorial.md
index c506ba5..1736581 100644
--- a/docs/Tutorial.md
+++ b/docs/Tutorial.md
@@ -112,6 +112,14 @@ class ImageData(Image):
 def registerNs(namespace: str, prefix: str)
 def enableBMFF(enable=True)
 def set_log_level(level=2)
+
+def convert_exif_to_xmp(data: dict, encoding='utf-8') -> dict
+def convert_iptc_to_xmp(data: dict, encoding='utf-8') -> dict
+def convert_xmp_to_exif(data: dict, encoding='utf-8') -> dict
+def convert_xmp_to_iptc(data: dict, encoding='utf-8') -> dict
+
+__version__ = '...'
+__exiv2_version__ = '...'
 ```
 
 ## class Image
@@ -212,7 +220,7 @@ def set_log_level(level=2)
 
 - `img.read_comment()`、`img.modify_comment()`、`img.clear_comment()` are used to access JPEG COM (Comment) segment in the image, which does not belong to EXIF, IPTC or XMP metadata.
   - [related issue](https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/issues/1445)
-- Sample:
+- For example:
     ```py
     >>> img.modify_comment('Hello World!   \n你好！\n')
     >>> img.read_comment()
@@ -314,3 +322,12 @@ def set_log_level(level=2)
     >>> pyexiv2.set_log_level(4)
     >>> img.modify_xmp({'Xmp.xmpMM.History': 'type="Seq"'}) # No error reported
     ```
+
+## convert
+
+- Exiv2 supports converting some EXIF or IPTC tags to XMP tags, and also supports reverse conversion. Reference: <https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/blob/v0.27.7/src/convert.cpp#L313>
+- For example:
+    ```py
+    >>> pyexiv2.convert_exif_to_xmp({'Exif.Image.Artist': 'test-中文-', 'Exif.Image.Rating': '4'})
+    {'Xmp.dc.creator': ['test-中文-'], 'Xmp.xmp.Rating': '4'}
+    ```
diff --git a/pyexiv2/__init__.py b/pyexiv2/__init__.py
index 791712e..2118fa1 100644
--- a/pyexiv2/__init__.py
+++ b/pyexiv2/__init__.py
@@ -6,16 +6,24 @@
 from .core import *
 
 
-__version__ = '2.9.0'
+__version__ = '2.11.0'
 __exiv2_version__ = exiv2api.version()
 
 
 __all__ = [
   '__version__',
   '__exiv2_version__',
+
+  # core.py
   'Image',
   'ImageData',
   'registerNs',
   'enableBMFF',
   'set_log_level',
+
+  # convert.py
+  'convert_exif_to_xmp',
+  'convert_iptc_to_xmp',
+  'convert_xmp_to_exif',
+  'convert_xmp_to_iptc',
 ]
diff --git a/pyexiv2/convert.py b/pyexiv2/convert.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8c5cdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyexiv2/convert.py
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+import re
+
+from .lib import exiv2api
+
+
+# These tags are used by Windows and encoded in UCS2-LE.
+# pyexiv2 will automatically convert encoding formats when reading and writing them.
+EXIF_TAGS_ENCODED_IN_UCS2 = [
+    'Exif.Image.XPTitle',
+    'Exif.Image.XPComment',
+    'Exif.Image.XPAuthor',
+    'Exif.Image.XPKeywords',
+    'Exif.Image.XPSubject',
+]
+
+# These tags can be written repeatedly, so there may be multiple values.
+# pyexiv2 will convert their values to a list of strings.
+IPTC_TAGS_REPEATABLE = [
+    'Iptc.Envelope.Destination',
+    'Iptc.Envelope.ProductId',
+    'Iptc.Application2.ObjectAttribute',
+    'Iptc.Application2.Subject',
+    'Iptc.Application2.SuppCategory',
+    'Iptc.Application2.Keywords',
+    'Iptc.Application2.LocationCode',
+    'Iptc.Application2.LocationName',
+    'Iptc.Application2.ReferenceService',
+    'Iptc.Application2.ReferenceDate',
+    'Iptc.Application2.ReferenceNumber',
+    'Iptc.Application2.Byline',
+    'Iptc.Application2.BylineTitle',
+    'Iptc.Application2.Contact',
+    'Iptc.Application2.Writer',
+]
+
+
+def _parse(table: list, encoding='utf-8') -> dict:
+    """ Parse the metadata from a text table into a dict. """
+    data = {}
+    for line in table:
+        tag, value, typeName = [field.decode(encoding) for field in line]
+        if typeName in ['XmpBag', 'XmpSeq']:
+            value = value.split(', ')
+        elif typeName in ['XmpText']:
+            # Handle nested array structures in XML. Refer to https://exiv2.org/manpage.html#set_xmp_struct
+            if value in ['type="Bag"', 'type="Seq"']:
+                value = ['']
+        elif typeName in ['LangAlt']:
+            # Refer to https://exiv2.org/manpage.html#langalt_values
+            if 'lang=' in value:
+                fields = re.split(r', (lang="\S+") ', ', ' + value)[1:]
+                value  = {language: content for language, content in zip(fields[0::2], fields[1::2])}
+
+        # Convert the values to a list of strings if the tag has multiple values
+        pre_value = data.get(tag)
+        if pre_value == None:
+            data[tag] = value
+        elif isinstance(pre_value, str):
+            data[tag] = [pre_value, value]
+        elif isinstance(pre_value, list):
+            data[tag].append(value)
+
+    return data
+
+
+def _dumps(data: dict) -> list:
+    """ Convert the metadata from a dict into a text table. """
+    table = []
+    for tag, value in data.items():
+        tag      = str(tag)
+        if value == None:
+            typeName = '_delete'
+            value    = ''
+        elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+            typeName = 'array'
+            value    = list(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, dict):
+            typeName = 'string'
+            value    = ', '.join(['{} {}'.format(k,v) for k,v in value.items()])
+        else:
+            typeName = 'string'
+            value    = str(value)
+        line = [tag, value, typeName]
+        table.append(line)
+    return table
+
+
+def decode_ucs2(text: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert text from UCS2 encoding to UTF8 encoding.
+    For example:
+    >>> decode_ucs2('116 0 101 0 115 0 116 0')
+    'test'
+    """
+    hex_str = ''.join(['{:02x}'.format(int(i)) for i in text.split()])
+    return bytes.fromhex(hex_str).decode('utf-16le')
+
+
+def encode_ucs2(text: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Convert text from UTF8 encoding to UCS2 encoding.
+    For example:
+    >>> encode_ucs2('test')
+    '116 0 101 0 115 0 116 0'
+    """
+    hex_str = text.encode('utf-16le').hex()
+    int_list = [int(''.join(i), base=16) for i in zip(*[iter(hex_str)] * 2)]
+    return ' '.join([str(i) for i in int_list])
+
+
+def convert_exif_to_xmp(data: dict, encoding='utf-8') -> dict:
+    """ Input EXIF metadata, convert to XMP metadata and return. It works like executing modify_exif() then read_xmp(). """
+    data = data.copy()
+    for tag in EXIF_TAGS_ENCODED_IN_UCS2:
+        value = data.get(tag)
+        if value:
+            data[tag] = encode_ucs2(value)
+    converted_data = exiv2api.convert_exif_to_xmp(_dumps(data), encoding)
+    return _parse(converted_data, encoding)
+
+
+def convert_iptc_to_xmp(data: dict, encoding='utf-8') -> dict:
+    """ Input IPTC metadata, convert to XMP metadata and return. It works like executing modify_iptc() then read_xmp(). """
+    converted_data = exiv2api.convert_iptc_to_xmp(_dumps(data), encoding)
+    return _parse(converted_data, encoding)
+
+
+def convert_xmp_to_exif(data: dict, encoding='utf-8') -> dict:
+    """ Input XMP metadata, convert to EXIF metadata and return. It works like executing modify_xmp() then read_exif(). """
+    converted_data = exiv2api.convert_xmp_to_exif(_dumps(data), encoding)
+    return _parse(converted_data, encoding)
+
+
+def convert_xmp_to_iptc(data: dict, encoding='utf-8') -> dict:
+    """ Input XMP metadata, convert to IPTC metadata and return. It works like executing modify_xmp() then read_iptc(). """
+    converted_data = exiv2api.convert_xmp_to_iptc(_dumps(data), encoding)
+    return _parse(converted_data, encoding)
+
diff --git a/pyexiv2/core.py b/pyexiv2/core.py
index 25fb565..8990893 100644
--- a/pyexiv2/core.py
+++ b/pyexiv2/core.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-import re
-
-from . import reference
 from .lib import exiv2api
+from .convert import *
+from .convert import _parse, _dumps
 
 
 class Image:
@@ -49,29 +48,24 @@ def get_access_mode(self) -> dict:
         return dic
 
     def read_exif(self, encoding='utf-8') -> dict:
-        data = self._parse(self.img.read_exif(), encoding)
-
-        # Decode some tags
-        for tag in reference.EXIF_TAGS_ENCODED_IN_UCS2:
+        data = _parse(self.img.read_exif(), encoding)
+        for tag in EXIF_TAGS_ENCODED_IN_UCS2:
             value = data.get(tag)
             if value:
-                data[tag] = self._decode_ucs2(value)
-
+                data[tag] = decode_ucs2(value)
         return data
 
     def read_iptc(self, encoding='utf-8') -> dict:
-        data = self._parse(self.img.read_iptc(), encoding)
-
-        # For repeatable tags, even if they do not have multiple values, their values are converted to list type.
-        for tag in reference.IPTC_TAGS_REPEATABLE:
+        data = _parse(self.img.read_iptc(), encoding)
+        # For repeatable tags, the value is converted to list type even if there are no multiple values.
+        for tag in IPTC_TAGS_REPEATABLE:
             value = data.get(tag)
             if isinstance(value, str):
                 data[tag] = [value]
-
         return data
 
     def read_xmp(self, encoding='utf-8') -> dict:
-        return self._parse(self.img.read_xmp(), encoding)
+        return _parse(self.img.read_xmp(), encoding)
 
     def read_raw_xmp(self, encoding='utf-8') -> str:
         return self.img.read_raw_xmp().decode(encoding)
@@ -86,19 +80,18 @@ def read_thumbnail(self) -> bytes:
         return self.img.read_thumbnail()
 
     def modify_exif(self, data: dict, encoding='utf-8'):
-        data = data.copy()
-        for tag in reference.EXIF_TAGS_ENCODED_IN_UCS2:
+        data = data.copy()  # Avoid modifying the original data
+        for tag in EXIF_TAGS_ENCODED_IN_UCS2:
             value = data.get(tag)
             if value:
-                data[tag] = self._encode_ucs2(value)
-
-        self.img.modify_exif(self._dumps(data), encoding)
+                data[tag] = encode_ucs2(value)
+        self.img.modify_exif(_dumps(data), encoding)
 
     def modify_iptc(self, data: dict, encoding='utf-8'):
-        self.img.modify_iptc(self._dumps(data), encoding)
+        self.img.modify_iptc(_dumps(data), encoding)
 
     def modify_xmp(self, data: dict, encoding='utf-8'):
-        self.img.modify_xmp(self._dumps(data), encoding)
+        self.img.modify_xmp(_dumps(data), encoding)
 
     def modify_raw_xmp(self, data: str, encoding='utf-8'):
         self.img.modify_raw_xmp(data, encoding)
@@ -116,76 +109,6 @@ def modify_thumbnail(self, data: bytes):
             raise TypeError('The thumbnail should be of bytes type.')
         return self.img.modify_thumbnail(data, len(data))
 
-    def _parse(self, table: list, encoding='utf-8') -> dict:
-        """ Parse the metadata from a text table into a dict. """
-        data = {}
-        for line in table:
-            tag, value, typeName = [field.decode(encoding) for field in line]
-            if typeName in ['XmpBag', 'XmpSeq']:
-                value = value.split(', ')
-            elif typeName in ['XmpText']:
-                # Handle nested array structures in XML. Refer to https://exiv2.org/manpage.html#set_xmp_struct
-                if value in ['type="Bag"', 'type="Seq"']:
-                    value = ['']
-            elif typeName in ['LangAlt']:
-                # Refer to https://exiv2.org/manpage.html#langalt_values
-                if 'lang=' in value:
-                    fields = re.split(r', (lang="\S+") ', ', ' + value)[1:]
-                    value  = {language: content for language, content in zip(fields[0::2], fields[1::2])}
-
-            # Convert the values to a list of strings if the tag has multiple values
-            pre_value = data.get(tag)
-            if pre_value == None:
-                data[tag] = value
-            elif isinstance(pre_value, str):
-                data[tag] = [pre_value, value]
-            elif isinstance(pre_value, list):
-                data[tag].append(value)
-
-        return data
-
-    def _dumps(self, data: dict) -> list:
-        """ Convert the metadata from a dict into a text table. """
-        table = []
-        for tag, value in data.items():
-            tag      = str(tag)
-            if value == None:
-                typeName = '_delete'
-                value    = ''
-            elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
-                typeName = 'array'
-                value    = list(value)
-            elif isinstance(value, dict):
-                typeName = 'string'
-                value    = ', '.join(['{} {}'.format(k,v) for k,v in value.items()])
-            else:
-                typeName = 'string'
-                value    = str(value)
-            line = [tag, value, typeName]
-            table.append(line)
-        return table
-
-    def _decode_ucs2(self, text):
-        """
-        Convert text from UCS2 encoding to UTF8 encoding.
-        For example:
-        >>> img._decode_ucs2('116 0 101 0 115 0 116 0')
-        'test'
-        """
-        hex_str = ''.join(['{:02x}'.format(int(i)) for i in text.split()])
-        return bytes.fromhex(hex_str).decode('utf-16le')
-
-    def _encode_ucs2(self, text):
-        """
-        Convert text from UTF8 encoding to UCS2 encoding.
-        For example:
-        >>> img._encode_ucs2('test')
-        '116 0 101 0 115 0 116 0'
-        """
-        hex_str = text.encode('utf-16le').hex()
-        int_list = [int(''.join(i), base=16) for i in zip(*[iter(hex_str)] * 2)]
-        return ' '.join([str(i) for i in int_list])
-
     def clear_exif(self):
         self.img.clear_exif()
 
@@ -234,10 +157,12 @@ def registerNs(namespace: str, prefix: str):
     """
     return exiv2api.registerNs(namespace, prefix)
 
+
 def enableBMFF(enable=True):
     """ Enable or disable reading BMFF images. Return True on success. """
     return exiv2api.enableBMFF(enable)
 
+
 def set_log_level(level=2):
     """
     Set the level of handling logs. There are five levels of handling logs:
diff --git a/pyexiv2/lib/exiv2api.cpp b/pyexiv2/lib/exiv2api.cpp
index 334562b..3be5fbb 100644
--- a/pyexiv2/lib/exiv2api.cpp
+++ b/pyexiv2/lib/exiv2api.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ void logHandler(int level, const char *msg)
 }
 
 /* The error log should be checked at the end of each operation.
-   If there is a C++ error, it is converted to a Python exception. */
+   If a C++ error occurs, convert it to a Python exception. */
 void check_error_log()
 {
     std::string str = error_log.str();
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ class Image{
 
     void modify_exif(py::list table, py::str encoding)
     {
-        // Create an empty container for storing data
         Exiv2::ExifData &exifData = (*img)->exifData();
 
         // Iterate the input table. each line contains a key and a value
@@ -255,8 +254,9 @@ class Image{
             else if (typeName == "string")
                 exifData[key] = value;
         }
-        (*img)->setExifData(exifData);
-        (*img)->writeMetadata();        // Save the metadata from memory to disk
+
+        (*img)->setExifData(exifData);  // Save metadata to images in memory
+        (*img)->writeMetadata();        // Save metadata from memory to disk
         check_error_log();
     }
 
@@ -269,13 +269,11 @@ class Image{
                 line.append(field);
             std::string key      = py::bytes(line[0].attr("encode")(encoding));
             std::string typeName = py::bytes(line[2].attr("encode")(encoding));
-
             Exiv2::IptcData::iterator key_pos = iptcData.findKey(Exiv2::IptcKey(key));
             while (key_pos != iptcData.end()){  // Use the while loop because the iptc key may repeat
                 iptcData.erase(key_pos);
                 key_pos = iptcData.findKey(Exiv2::IptcKey(key));
             }
-
             if      (typeName == "_delete")
                 continue;
             else if (typeName == "string")
@@ -307,11 +305,9 @@ class Image{
                 line.append(field);
             std::string key = py::bytes(line[0].attr("encode")(encoding));
             std::string typeName = py::bytes(line[2].attr("encode")(encoding));
-
             Exiv2::XmpData::iterator key_pos = xmpData.findKey(Exiv2::XmpKey(key));
             if (key_pos != xmpData.end())
                 xmpData.erase(key_pos);
-
             if      (typeName == "_delete")
                 continue;
             else if (typeName == "string")
@@ -412,6 +408,157 @@ class Image{
 
 };
 
+py::object convert_exif_to_xmp(py::list table, py::str encoding)
+{
+    Exiv2::ExifData exifData;
+    Exiv2::XmpData xmpData;
+
+    // Write metadata, which works like modify_exif()
+    for (auto _line : table){
+        py::list line;
+        for (auto field : _line)
+            line.append(field);
+        std::string key      = py::bytes(line[0].attr("encode")(encoding));
+        std::string value    = py::bytes(line[1].attr("encode")(encoding));
+        std::string typeName = py::bytes(line[2].attr("encode")(encoding));
+        Exiv2::ExifData::iterator key_pos = exifData.findKey(Exiv2::ExifKey(key));
+        if (key_pos != exifData.end())
+            exifData.erase(key_pos);
+
+        if      (typeName == "_delete")
+            continue;
+        else if (typeName == "string")
+            exifData[key] = value;
+    }
+
+    // Convert and read metadata, which works like read_xmp()
+    Exiv2::copyExifToXmp(exifData, xmpData);
+    Exiv2::XmpData::iterator i   = xmpData.begin();
+    Exiv2::XmpData::iterator end = xmpData.end();
+    read_block;
+}
+
+py::object convert_iptc_to_xmp(py::list table, py::str encoding)
+{
+    Exiv2::IptcData iptcData;
+    Exiv2::XmpData xmpData;
+
+    // Write metadata, which works like modify_iptc()
+    for (auto _line : table){
+        py::list line;
+        for (auto field : _line)
+            line.append(field);
+        std::string key      = py::bytes(line[0].attr("encode")(encoding));
+        std::string typeName = py::bytes(line[2].attr("encode")(encoding));
+        Exiv2::IptcData::iterator key_pos = iptcData.findKey(Exiv2::IptcKey(key));
+        while (key_pos != iptcData.end()){
+            iptcData.erase(key_pos);
+            key_pos = iptcData.findKey(Exiv2::IptcKey(key));
+        }
+        if      (typeName == "_delete")
+            continue;
+        else if (typeName == "string")
+        {
+            std::string value = py::bytes(line[1].attr("encode")(encoding));
+            iptcData[key] = value;
+        }
+        else if (typeName == "array")
+        {
+            Exiv2::Value::AutoPtr value = Exiv2::Value::create(Exiv2::string);
+            for (auto item: line[1]){
+                std::string item_str = py::bytes(py::str(item).attr("encode")(encoding));
+                value->read(item_str);
+                iptcData.add(Exiv2::IptcKey(key), value.get());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Convert and read metadata, which works like read_xmp()
+    Exiv2::copyIptcToXmp(iptcData, xmpData);
+    Exiv2::XmpData::iterator i   = xmpData.begin();
+    Exiv2::XmpData::iterator end = xmpData.end();
+    read_block;
+}
+
+py::object convert_xmp_to_exif(py::list table, py::str encoding)
+{
+    Exiv2::XmpData xmpData;
+    Exiv2::ExifData exifData;
+
+    // Write metadata, which works like modify_xmp()
+    for (auto _line : table){
+        py::list line;
+        for (auto field : _line)
+            line.append(field);
+        std::string key = py::bytes(line[0].attr("encode")(encoding));
+        std::string typeName = py::bytes(line[2].attr("encode")(encoding));
+        Exiv2::XmpData::iterator key_pos = xmpData.findKey(Exiv2::XmpKey(key));
+        if (key_pos != xmpData.end())
+            xmpData.erase(key_pos);
+        if      (typeName == "_delete")
+            continue;
+        else if (typeName == "string")
+        {
+            std::string value = py::bytes(line[1].attr("encode")(encoding));
+            xmpData[key] = value;
+        }
+        else if (typeName == "array")
+        {
+            Exiv2::Value::AutoPtr value = Exiv2::Value::create(Exiv2::xmpSeq);
+            for (auto item: line[1]){
+                std::string item_str = py::bytes(py::str(item).attr("encode")(encoding));
+                value->read(item_str);
+            }
+            xmpData.add(Exiv2::XmpKey(key), value.get());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Convert and read metadata, which works like read_exif()
+    Exiv2::copyXmpToExif(xmpData, exifData);
+    Exiv2::ExifData::iterator i   = exifData.begin();
+    Exiv2::ExifData::iterator end = exifData.end();
+    read_block;
+}
+
+py::object convert_xmp_to_iptc(py::list table, py::str encoding)
+{
+    Exiv2::XmpData xmpData;
+    Exiv2::IptcData iptcData;
+
+    // Write metadata, which works like modify_xmp()
+    for (auto _line : table){
+        py::list line;
+        for (auto field : _line)
+            line.append(field);
+        std::string key = py::bytes(line[0].attr("encode")(encoding));
+        std::string typeName = py::bytes(line[2].attr("encode")(encoding));
+        Exiv2::XmpData::iterator key_pos = xmpData.findKey(Exiv2::XmpKey(key));
+        if (key_pos != xmpData.end())
+            xmpData.erase(key_pos);
+        if      (typeName == "_delete")
+            continue;
+        else if (typeName == "string")
+        {
+            std::string value = py::bytes(line[1].attr("encode")(encoding));
+            xmpData[key] = value;
+        }
+        else if (typeName == "array")
+        {
+            Exiv2::Value::AutoPtr value = Exiv2::Value::create(Exiv2::xmpSeq);
+            for (auto item: line[1]){
+                std::string item_str = py::bytes(py::str(item).attr("encode")(encoding));
+                value->read(item_str);
+            }
+            xmpData.add(Exiv2::XmpKey(key), value.get());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Convert and read metadata, which works like read_iptc()
+    Exiv2::copyXmpToIptc(xmpData, iptcData);
+    Exiv2::IptcData::iterator i   = iptcData.begin();
+    Exiv2::IptcData::iterator end = iptcData.end();
+    read_block;
+}
 
 // Declare the API that needs to be mapped, to convert this CPP file into a Python module.
 PYBIND11_MODULE(exiv2api, m)
@@ -457,4 +604,8 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(exiv2api, m)
         .def("clear_comment"    , &Image::clear_comment)
         .def("clear_icc"        , &Image::clear_icc)
         .def("clear_thumbnail"  , &Image::clear_thumbnail);
+    m.def("convert_exif_to_xmp" , &convert_exif_to_xmp);
+    m.def("convert_iptc_to_xmp" , &convert_iptc_to_xmp);
+    m.def("convert_xmp_to_exif" , &convert_xmp_to_exif);
+    m.def("convert_xmp_to_iptc" , &convert_xmp_to_iptc);
 }
diff --git a/pyexiv2/tests/data/data.py b/pyexiv2/tests/data/data.py
index cdc816e..eedebc2 100644
--- a/pyexiv2/tests/data/data.py
+++ b/pyexiv2/tests/data/data.py
@@ -3,97 +3,102 @@
 
 MIME_TYPE   = 'image/jpeg'
 
-ACCESS_MODE = {'exif'   : 'read+write',
-               'iptc'   : 'read+write',
-               'xmp'    : 'read+write',
-               'comment': 'read+write'}
+ACCESS_MODE = {
+    'exif'   : 'read+write',
+    'iptc'   : 'read+write',
+    'xmp'    : 'read+write',
+    'comment': 'read+write',
+    }
 
-EXIF = {'Exif.Image.ImageDescription'   : 'test-中文-',
-        'Exif.Image.Make'               : 'test-中文-',
-        'Exif.Image.Model'              : 'test-中文-',
-        'Exif.Image.Orientation'        : '1',
-        'Exif.Image.DateTime'           : '2019:08:12 19:44:04',
-        'Exif.Image.Artist'             : 'test-中文-',
-        'Exif.Image.Rating'             : '4',
-        'Exif.Image.RatingPercent'      : '75',
-        'Exif.Image.Copyright'          : 'test-中文-',
-        'Exif.Image.ExifTag'            : '2446',
-        'Exif.Photo.ExposureProgram'    : '1',
-        'Exif.Photo.ExifVersion'        : '48 50 50 49',
-        'Exif.Photo.DateTimeOriginal'   : '2019:08:12 19:44:04',
-        'Exif.Photo.DateTimeDigitized'  : '2019:08:12 19:44:04',
-        'Exif.Photo.LightSource'        : '1',
-        'Exif.Photo.SubSecTime'         : '18',
-        'Exif.Photo.SubSecTimeOriginal' : '18',
-        'Exif.Photo.SubSecTimeDigitized': '176',
-        'Exif.Photo.ColorSpace'         : '65535',
-        'Exif.Photo.WhiteBalance'       : '0',
-        'Exif.Photo.Contrast'           : '0',
-        'Exif.Photo.Saturation'         : '0',
-        'Exif.Photo.Sharpness'          : '0',
-        'Exif.Photo.0xea1c'             : '28 234 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0',
-        'Exif.Image.XPTitle'            : 'test-中文-\x00',
-        'Exif.Image.XPComment'          : 'test-中文-\x00',
-        'Exif.Image.XPAuthor'           : 'test-中文-\x00',
-        'Exif.Image.XPKeywords'         : 'test-中文-\x00',
-        'Exif.Image.XPSubject'          : 'test-中文-\x00',
-        'Exif.Image.0xea1c'             : '28 234 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0',
-        'Exif.Thumbnail.Compression'                : '6',
-        'Exif.Thumbnail.JPEGInterchangeFormat'      : '4762',
-        'Exif.Thumbnail.JPEGInterchangeFormatLength': '6969'
-        }
+EXIF = {
+    'Exif.Image.ImageDescription'   : 'test-中文-',
+    'Exif.Image.Make'               : 'test-中文-',
+    'Exif.Image.Model'              : 'test-中文-',
+    'Exif.Image.Orientation'        : '1',
+    'Exif.Image.DateTime'           : '2019:08:12 19:44:04',
+    'Exif.Image.Artist'             : 'test-中文-',
+    'Exif.Image.Rating'             : '4',
+    'Exif.Image.RatingPercent'      : '75',
+    'Exif.Image.Copyright'          : 'test-中文-',
+    'Exif.Image.ExifTag'            : '2446',
+    'Exif.Photo.ExposureProgram'    : '1',
+    'Exif.Photo.ExifVersion'        : '48 50 50 49',
+    'Exif.Photo.DateTimeOriginal'   : '2019:08:12 19:44:04',
+    'Exif.Photo.DateTimeDigitized'  : '2019:08:12 19:44:04',
+    'Exif.Photo.LightSource'        : '1',
+    'Exif.Photo.SubSecTime'         : '18',
+    'Exif.Photo.SubSecTimeOriginal' : '18',
+    'Exif.Photo.SubSecTimeDigitized': '176',
+    'Exif.Photo.ColorSpace'         : '65535',
+    'Exif.Photo.WhiteBalance'       : '0',
+    'Exif.Photo.Contrast'           : '0',
+    'Exif.Photo.Saturation'         : '0',
+    'Exif.Photo.Sharpness'          : '0',
+    'Exif.Photo.0xea1c'             : '28 234 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0',
+    'Exif.Image.XPTitle'            : 'test-中文-\x00',
+    'Exif.Image.XPComment'          : 'test-中文-\x00',
+    'Exif.Image.XPAuthor'           : 'test-中文-\x00',
+    'Exif.Image.XPKeywords'         : 'test-中文-\x00',
+    'Exif.Image.XPSubject'          : 'test-中文-\x00',
+    'Exif.Image.0xea1c'             : '28 234 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0',
+    'Exif.Thumbnail.Compression'                : '6',
+    'Exif.Thumbnail.JPEGInterchangeFormat'      : '4762',
+    'Exif.Thumbnail.JPEGInterchangeFormatLength': '6969',
+    }
 
-IPTC = {'Iptc.Envelope.CharacterSet'     : '\x1b%G',
-        'Iptc.Application2.RecordVersion': '4',
-        'Iptc.Application2.ObjectName'   : 'test-中文-',
-        'Iptc.Application2.Keywords'     : ['tag1', 'tag2', 'tag3'],
-        'Iptc.Application2.DateCreated'  : '2019-08-12',
-        'Iptc.Application2.TimeCreated'  : '19:44:04+00:00',
-        'Iptc.Application2.Byline'       : ['test-中文-'],
-        'Iptc.Application2.Copyright'    : 'test-中文-',
-        'Iptc.Application2.Caption'      : 'test-中文-',
-        }
+IPTC = {
+    'Iptc.Envelope.CharacterSet'     : '\x1b%G',
+    'Iptc.Application2.RecordVersion': '4',
+    'Iptc.Application2.ObjectName'   : 'test-中文-',
+    'Iptc.Application2.Keywords'     : ['tag1', 'tag2', 'tag3'],
+    'Iptc.Application2.DateCreated'  : '2019-08-12',
+    'Iptc.Application2.TimeCreated'  : '19:44:04+00:00',
+    'Iptc.Application2.Byline'       : ['test-中文-'],
+    'Iptc.Application2.Copyright'    : 'test-中文-',
+    'Iptc.Application2.Caption'      : 'test-中文-',
+    }
 
-XMP = {'Xmp.dc.format'                                       : 'image/jpeg',
-       'Xmp.dc.title'                                        : {'lang="x-default"': 'test-中文-', 'lang="de-DE"': 'Hallo, Welt'},
-       'Xmp.dc.subject'                                      : ['tag1', 'tag2', 'tag3'],
-       'Xmp.dc.creator'                                      : ['test-中文-'],
-       'Xmp.dc.rights'                                       : {'lang="x-default"': 'test-中文-'},
-       'Xmp.dc.description'                                  : {'lang="x-default"': 'test-中文-'},
-       'Xmp.xmp.Rating'                                      : '4',
-       'Xmp.xmp.CreateDate'                                  : '2019-08-12T19:44:04.176',
-       'Xmp.xmp.ModifyDate'                                  : '2019-08-12T19:44:04.18',
-       'Xmp.xmp.MetadataDate'                                : '2020-04-06T00:55:07+08:00',
-       'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.Rating'                           : '75',
-       'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.DateAcquired'                     : '2019-08-12T19:44:08.151',
-       'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.LensModel'                        : 'test-中文-',
-       'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.LensManufacturer'                 : 'test-中文-',
-       'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.FlashModel'                       : 'test-中文-',
-       'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.FlashManufacturer'                : 'test-中文-',
-       'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.CameraSerialNumber'               : 'test-中文-',
-       'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.LastKeywordXMP'                   : ['test-中文-'],
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.InstanceID'                                : 'xmp.iid:14282d1f-7831-7043-ad77-1e10959ecd50',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.DocumentID'                                : 'ECE1099AF3406874FAA7B01CBB5C6F71',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.OriginalDocumentID'                        : 'ECE1099AF3406874FAA7B01CBB5C6F71',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History'                                   : [''],
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History[1]'                                : 'type="Struct"',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History[1]/stEvt:action'                   : 'saved',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History[1]/stEvt:instanceID'               : 'xmp.iid:8f83ee32-1163-7b40-b31b-deab20789cf4',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History[1]/stEvt:when'                     : '2019-08-19T19:45:55+08:00',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History[1]/stEvt:softwareAgent'            : 'Adobe Photoshop Camera Raw 10.0',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History[1]/stEvt:changed'                  : '/metadata',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History[2]'                                : 'type="Struct"',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History[2]/stEvt:action'                   : 'saved',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History[2]/stEvt:instanceID'               : 'xmp.iid:14282d1f-7831-7043-ad77-1e10959ecd50',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History[2]/stEvt:when'                     : '2020-04-06T00:55:07+08:00',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History[2]/stEvt:softwareAgent'            : 'Adobe Photoshop Camera Raw (Windows)',
-       'Xmp.xmpMM.History[2]/stEvt:changed'                  : '/metadata',
-       'Xmp.photoshop.DateCreated'                           : '2019-08-12T19:44:04Z',
-       'Xmp.iptc.CreatorContactInfo'                         : 'type="Struct"',
-       'Xmp.iptc.CreatorContactInfo/Iptc4xmpCore:CiTelWork'  : '123456',
-       'Xmp.iptc.CreatorContactInfo/Iptc4xmpCore:CiEmailWork': '123456@gmail.com',
-       'Xmp.iptc.CreatorContactInfo/Iptc4xmpCore:CiUrlWork'  : 'www.123456.com'
-       }
+XMP = {
+    'Xmp.dc.format'                                       : 'image/jpeg',
+    'Xmp.dc.title'                                        : {'lang="x-default"': 'test-中文-', 'lang="de-DE"': 'Hallo, Welt'},
+    'Xmp.dc.subject'                                      : ['tag1', 'tag2', 'tag3'],
+    'Xmp.dc.creator'                                      : ['test-中文-'],
+    'Xmp.dc.rights'                                       : {'lang="x-default"': 'test-中文-'},
+    'Xmp.dc.description'                                  : {'lang="x-default"': 'test-中文-'},
+    'Xmp.xmp.Rating'                                      : '4',
+    'Xmp.xmp.CreateDate'                                  : '2019-08-12T19:44:04.176',
+    'Xmp.xmp.ModifyDate'                                  : '2019-08-12T19:44:04.18',
+    'Xmp.xmp.MetadataDate'                                : '2020-04-06T00:55:07+08:00',
+    'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.Rating'                           : '75',
+    'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.DateAcquired'                     : '2019-08-12T19:44:08.151',
+    'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.LensModel'                        : 'test-中文-',
+    'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.LensManufacturer'                 : 'test-中文-',
+    'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.FlashModel'                       : 'test-中文-',
+    'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.FlashManufacturer'                : 'test-中文-',
+    'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.CameraSerialNumber'               : 'test-中文-',
+    'Xmp.MicrosoftPhoto.LastKeywordXMP'                   : ['test-中文-'],
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.InstanceID'                                : 'xmp.iid:14282d1f-7831-7043-ad77-1e10959ecd50',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.DocumentID'                                : 'ECE1099AF3406874FAA7B01CBB5C6F71',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.OriginalDocumentID'                        : 'ECE1099AF3406874FAA7B01CBB5C6F71',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History'                                   : [''],
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History[1]'                                : 'type="Struct"',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History[1]/stEvt:action'                   : 'saved',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History[1]/stEvt:instanceID'               : 'xmp.iid:8f83ee32-1163-7b40-b31b-deab20789cf4',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History[1]/stEvt:when'                     : '2019-08-19T19:45:55+08:00',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History[1]/stEvt:softwareAgent'            : 'Adobe Photoshop Camera Raw 10.0',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History[1]/stEvt:changed'                  : '/metadata',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History[2]'                                : 'type="Struct"',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History[2]/stEvt:action'                   : 'saved',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History[2]/stEvt:instanceID'               : 'xmp.iid:14282d1f-7831-7043-ad77-1e10959ecd50',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History[2]/stEvt:when'                     : '2020-04-06T00:55:07+08:00',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History[2]/stEvt:softwareAgent'            : 'Adobe Photoshop Camera Raw (Windows)',
+    'Xmp.xmpMM.History[2]/stEvt:changed'                  : '/metadata',
+    'Xmp.photoshop.DateCreated'                           : '2019-08-12T19:44:04Z',
+    'Xmp.iptc.CreatorContactInfo'                         : 'type="Struct"',
+    'Xmp.iptc.CreatorContactInfo/Iptc4xmpCore:CiTelWork'  : '123456',
+    'Xmp.iptc.CreatorContactInfo/Iptc4xmpCore:CiEmailWork': '123456@gmail.com',
+    'Xmp.iptc.CreatorContactInfo/Iptc4xmpCore:CiUrlWork'  : 'www.123456.com',
+    }
 
 RAW_XMP = """
 <?xpacket begin="" id="W5M0MpCehiHzreSzNTczkc9d"?> <x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/" x:xmptk="XMP Core 4.4.0-Exiv2"> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xmp="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/" xmlns:MicrosoftPhoto="http://ns.microsoft.com/photo/1.0/" xmlns:xmpMM="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/mm/" xmlns:stEvt="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceEvent#" xmlns:photoshop="http://ns.adobe.com/photoshop/1.0/" xmlns:Iptc4xmpCore="http://iptc.org/std/Iptc4xmpCore/1.0/xmlns/" dc:format="image/jpeg" xmp:Rating="4" xmp:CreateDate="2019-08-12T19:44:04.176" xmp:ModifyDate="2019-08-12T19:44:04.18" xmp:MetadataDate="2020-04-06T00:55:07+08:00" MicrosoftPhoto:Rating="75" MicrosoftPhoto:DateAcquired="2019-08-12T19:44:08.151" MicrosoftPhoto:LensModel="test-中文-" MicrosoftPhoto:LensManufacturer="test-中文-" MicrosoftPhoto:FlashModel="test-中文-" MicrosoftPhoto:FlashManufacturer="test-中文-" MicrosoftPhoto:CameraSerialNumber="test-中文-" xmpMM:InstanceID="xmp.iid:14282d1f-7831-7043-ad77-1e10959ecd50" xmpMM:DocumentID="ECE1099AF3406874FAA7B01CBB5C6F71" xmpMM:OriginalDocumentID="ECE1099AF3406874FAA7B01CBB5C6F71" photoshop:DateCreated="2019-08-12T19:44:04Z"> <dc:subject> <rdf:Bag> <rdf:li>tag1</rdf:li> <rdf:li>tag2</rdf:li> <rdf:li>tag3</rdf:li> </rdf:Bag> </dc:subject> <dc:creator> <rdf:Seq> <rdf:li>test-中文-</rdf:li> </rdf:Seq> </dc:creator> <dc:title> <rdf:Alt> <rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">test-中文-, lang="de-DE" Hallo, Welt</rdf:li> </rdf:Alt> </dc:title> <dc:rights> <rdf:Alt> <rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">test-中文-</rdf:li> </rdf:Alt> </dc:rights> <dc:description> <rdf:Alt> <rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">test-中文-</rdf:li> </rdf:Alt> </dc:description> <MicrosoftPhoto:LastKeywordXMP> <rdf:Bag> <rdf:li>test-中文-</rdf:li> </rdf:Bag> </MicrosoftPhoto:LastKeywordXMP> <xmpMM:History> <rdf:Seq> <rdf:li stEvt:action="saved" stEvt:instanceID="xmp.iid:8f83ee32-1163-7b40-b31b-deab20789cf4" stEvt:when="2019-08-19T19:45:55+08:00" stEvt:softwareAgent="Adobe Photoshop Camera Raw 10.0" stEvt:changed="/metadata"/> <rdf:li stEvt:action="saved" stEvt:instanceID="xmp.iid:14282d1f-7831-7043-ad77-1e10959ecd50" stEvt:when="2020-04-06T00:55:07+08:00" stEvt:softwareAgent="Adobe Photoshop Camera Raw (Windows)" stEvt:changed="/metadata"/> </rdf:Seq> </xmpMM:History> <Iptc4xmpCore:CreatorContactInfo Iptc4xmpCore:CiTelWork="123456" Iptc4xmpCore:CiEmailWork="123456@gmail.com" Iptc4xmpCore:CiUrlWork="www.123456.com"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> </x:xmpmeta>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 <?xpacket end="w"?>
diff --git a/pyexiv2/tests/test_func.py b/pyexiv2/tests/test_func.py
index 5d255dc..ac2eafc 100644
--- a/pyexiv2/tests/test_func.py
+++ b/pyexiv2/tests/test_func.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from .base import *
 
 
+# First, test the most basic functionality: can it call exiv2
 def test_version():
     try:
         from .base import __exiv2_version__
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ def test_version():
         ENV.skip_test = True
         raise
 
+
 def test_open_img_by_path():
     try:
         img = Image(ENV.test_img)
@@ -240,10 +242,10 @@ def test_enableBMFF():
         with Image(ENV.heic_img) as img:
             pass
 
+
 def test_log_level():
     with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
         ENV.img.modify_xmp({'Xmp.xmpMM.History': 'type="Seq"'})
     set_log_level(4)
     ENV.img.modify_xmp({'Xmp.xmpMM.History': 'type="Seq"'})
     set_log_level(2)    # recover the log level
-
diff --git a/pyexiv2/tests/test_func_on_convert.py b/pyexiv2/tests/test_func_on_convert.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3875b7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyexiv2/tests/test_func_on_convert.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+from .base import *
+
+
+EXIF = {
+    'Exif.Image.Artist': 'test-中文-',
+    'Exif.Image.Rating': '4',
+    }
+XMP_CONVERTED_FROM_EXIF = {
+    'Xmp.dc.creator': ['test-中文-'],
+    'Xmp.xmp.Rating': '4',
+    }
+IPTC = {
+    'Iptc.Envelope.CharacterSet'    : '\x1b%G',
+    'Iptc.Application2.ObjectName'  : 'test-中文-',
+    'Iptc.Application2.Keywords'    : ['tag1', 'tag2', 'tag3'],
+    }
+XMP_CONVERTED_FROM_IPTC = {
+    'Xmp.dc.title'  : {'lang="x-default"': 'test-中文-'},
+    'Xmp.dc.subject': ['tag1', 'tag2', 'tag3'],
+    }
+
+
+def test_convert_exif_to_xmp():
+    result = convert_exif_to_xmp(EXIF)
+    diff_dict(XMP_CONVERTED_FROM_EXIF, result)
+
+
+def test_convert_iptc_to_xmp():
+    result = convert_iptc_to_xmp(IPTC)
+    diff_dict(XMP_CONVERTED_FROM_IPTC, result)
+
+
+def test_convert_xmp_to_exif():
+    result = convert_xmp_to_exif(XMP_CONVERTED_FROM_EXIF)
+    diff_dict(EXIF, result)
+
+
+def test_convert_xmp_to_iptc():
+    result = convert_xmp_to_iptc(XMP_CONVERTED_FROM_IPTC)
+    diff_dict(IPTC, result)
diff --git a/pyexiv2/tests/test_perf.py b/pyexiv2/tests/test_perf.py
index fc86343..b780d73 100644
--- a/pyexiv2/tests/test_perf.py
+++ b/pyexiv2/tests/test_perf.py
@@ -1,36 +1,44 @@
 from .base import *
-from . import test_func
+from . import test_func, test_func_on_convert
 
 
 def test_memory_leak_when_reading():
-    p = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
-    m0 = p.memory_info().rss
-    for _ in range(1000):
+    process = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
+    # memory_init = process.memory_info().rss
+    for i in range(100):
+        if i == 1:
+            memory_1 = process.memory_info().rss
         test_func.test_read_exif()
         test_func.test_read_iptc()
         test_func.test_read_xmp()
         test_func.test_read_raw_xmp()
         test_func.test_read_comment()
         test_func.test_read_icc()
-    m1 = p.memory_info().rss
-    delta = (m1 - m0) / 1024 / 1024
-    assert delta < 1, 'Memory grew by {}MB, possibly due to the memory leak.'.format(delta)
-    # If img.close() hasn't been called, the memory can increase by more than 100MB.
+        test_func_on_convert.test_convert_exif_to_xmp()
+        test_func_on_convert.test_convert_iptc_to_xmp()
+        test_func_on_convert.test_convert_xmp_to_exif()
+        test_func_on_convert.test_convert_xmp_to_iptc()
+    memory_end = process.memory_info().rss
+    delta = (memory_end - memory_1) / 1024
+    assert delta < 100, 'Memory grew by {}KB, a memory leak may have occurred.'.format(delta)
+    # If img.close() hasn't been called, the memory can increase by more than 10MB.
     check_img_md5()
 
 
 def test_memory_leak_when_writing():
-    p = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
-    m0 = p.memory_info().rss
-    for _ in range(1000):
+    process = psutil.Process(os.getpid())
+    # memory_init = process.memory_info().rss
+    for i in range(100):
+        if i == 1:
+            memory_1 = process.memory_info().rss
         test_func.test_modify_exif()
         test_func.test_modify_iptc()
         test_func.test_modify_xmp()
         test_func.test_modify_comment()
         test_func.test_modify_icc()
-    m1 = p.memory_info().rss
-    delta = (m1 - m0) / 1024 / 1024
-    assert delta < 1, 'Memory grew by {}MB, possibly due to the memory leak.'.format(delta)
+    memory_end = process.memory_info().rss
+    delta = (memory_end - memory_1) / 1024
+    assert delta < 100, 'Memory grew by {}KB, a memory leak may have occurred.'.format(delta)
 
 
 def test_stack_overflow():
@@ -70,8 +78,8 @@ def test_transmit_various_characters():
 
 def _test_thread_safe():
     """
-    Test whether pyexiv can successfully run multiple threads. 
-    TODO: Could not catch the exception from the child thread.
+    Test whether pyexiv2 can successfully run multiple threads.
+    TODO: pyexiv2 is not thread-safe because in exiv2api.cpp, check_error_log() reads and writes to a global variable.
     """
     import multiprocessing
     pool = multiprocessing.Pool(3)
@@ -79,18 +87,3 @@ def _test_thread_safe():
         pool.apply_async(test_memory_leak_when_reading, ())
     pool.close()
     pool.join()
-
-
-def _test_recovery_exif():
-    """
-    Test whether pyexiv2 can delete metadata and recover it completely.
-    TODO: complete it
-    """
-    original_dict = ENV.img.read_exif()
-    ENV.img.clear_exif()
-    ENV.img.modify_exif(original_dict)
-    new_dict = ENV.img.read_exif()
-    for key in original_dict.keys():
-        for key in original_dict.keys():
-            assert original_dict[key] == new_dict.get(key), "{} didn't recover".format(key)
-    check_img_md5()
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 7c22d1f..d870e03 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 setuptools.setup(
     name='pyexiv2',
-    version='2.9.0',    # need to set the variable in 'pyexiv2/__init__.py'
+    version='2.11.0',    # need to set the variable in 'pyexiv2/__init__.py'
     author='LeoHsiao',
     author_email='leohsiao@foxmail.com',
     description='Read/Write metadata(including EXIF, IPTC, XMP), comment and ICC Profile embedded in digital images.',