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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Ladies Learning Code - HTML + CSS</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=1280">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico">
<!-- CoderDeck core and extension CSS files -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="src/deck.js/core/deck.core.css" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="src/deck.js/extensions/navigation/deck.navigation.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="src/deck.js/extensions/status/deck.status.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="src/deck.js/extensions/hash/deck.hash.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="src/deck.js/extensions/menu/deck.menu.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="src/css/prettify.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="src/css/deck.coder.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="src/codemirror/lib/codemirror.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="src/codemirror/theme/default.css">
<!-- Custom for LLC -->
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Istok+Web' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Podkova' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<link rel="stylesheet" id='style-theme-link' href="src/css/coderdeck.css" type="text/css" >
<style type="text/css"></style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function showHint(answerContainerId) {
var preTags = document.getElementById(answerContainerId).style.display = "block";
}
</script>
</head>
<body class="deck-container">
<script type='text/coderdeck' id='coderdeck-default'>
<html>
<head>
<script src='src/jquery.min.js'>SCRIPTEND</head>
<body>CODE</body>
</html>
</script>
<script type='text/coderdeck' id='coderdeck-style-example'>
<html>
<title>test</title>
<style>CODE</style>
<body>
<h1>I'm a H1 heading</h1>
<h2>I'm a H2 heading</h2>
<p>Pargraph of text <p> here</p>
<div class='stuff'>I'm a div <div> with class "stuff"</div>
<div id='my-div'>I'm a <div> with id "my-div"</div>
</body>
</html>
</script>
<div id="presentation">
<!-- **************************************** -->
<!-- SLIDE: Workshop intro -->
<article class='slide slide-title'>
<div class="workshop_title">
<h1>Introduction to HTML & CSS</h1>
</div>
<div class="instructor_holder">
<h2 class="centered">Your instructors today</h2>
<div>
<img src="assets/greg_avatar.png" width="72" height="72" alt="greg sullivan" />
<h4>Greg Sullivan — HTML</h4>
greg [at] swivelbase.com
<br />
<a href="http://swivelbase.com" target="_blank">swivelbase.com</a>
</div>
<div>
<img src="assets/linn_avatar.png" width="72" height="72" alt="linn øyen farley" />
<h4>Linn Øyen Farley — CSS</h4>
linn [at] drollic.net
<br />
<a href="http://drollic.net" target="_blank">drollic.net</a>
//
<a href="http://twitter.com/Linndelicate" target="_blank">@Linndelicate</a>
</div>
<br clear="left" />
</div>
<p style="padding-top: 75px; margin-bottom: 0; font-size: 0.9em; color: #999;">
(Original slides by <a href="http://klab.ca/+" target="_blank">Pearl Chen</a>; interactive code slides thanks to
<a href="http://cykod.github.com/CoderDeck/" target="_blank" style="color: #999;">CoderDeck</a>)
</p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: Course Outline -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Course Outline</h2>
<h3 style="margin-top: 1em;">Morning</h3>
<ul>
<li>What is a website?</li>
<li>What do we need to make one?</li>
<li>Introducing HTML</li>
</ul>
<h3 style="margin-top: 1em;">Afternoon</h3>
<ul>
<li>Introducing CSS</li>
<li>Getting your website online</li>
</ul>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: What is a website? -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>What is a website?</h2>
<p>A
<span class="keyword">website</span>
is made up of many
<span class="keyword">webpages</span>.
</p>
<div class="centered">
<img src="assets/website_structure.gif" width="580" heigth="320" alt="website structure" />
</div>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: What is a website? -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>What is a website?</h2>
<p>These webpages closely match a file folder structure.</p>
<div class="centered">
<img src="assets/website_structure.gif" width="440" alt="website structure" /> <img src="assets/folder_structure-simple.png" width="362" height="152" alt="folder structure" />
</div>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: What is a website? -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>What is a website?</h2>
<p>This folder is located on a <span class="keyword">server</span> that <span class="keyword">hosts</span> websites.</p>
<div class="centered">
<img src="assets/webserver_download.png" width="738" height="531" alt="web request process" />
</div>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: What is a website? -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Good file naming habits</h2>
<ul class="spacey_list">
<li>
Use <strong>lowercase letters</strong>, <strong>numbers</strong> and <strong>hyphens</strong>.<br />
</li>
<li>
Don’t use spaces, or symbols like <code>#</code>, <code>&</code>, and <code>*</code>, in your filename.
</li>
<li>
Choose filenames that are <strong>short</strong> and <strong>meaningful</strong>.<br />
<span class="sidenote"><code>about.html, contact.html</code> instead of <code>page1.html, page2.html</code></span>
</li>
</ul>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: The Web Triad -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>A basic webpage</h2>
<p>
A simple webpage is built using three web languages:
</p>
<table width="100%">
<tr>
<td width="33%" class="centered"><strong>HTML</strong> (HyperText Markup Language) <br>
is the markup language.</td>
<td width="33%" class="centered"><strong>CSS</strong> (Cascading Style Sheets) <br>
is the style sheet language.</td>
<td width="33%" class="centered"><strong>JavaScript</strong><br>
is the scripting language.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="centered"><img src="assets/TRIAD-html.gif" width="267" height="241" alt="content layer" /></td>
<td class="centered"><img src="assets/TRIAD-css.gif" width="261" height="241" alt="Presentation Layer" /></td>
<td class="centered"><img src="assets/TRIAD-js.gif" width="274" height="241" alt="Behaviour Layer" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="centered">HTML builds the <strong>structure</strong>.</td>
<td class="centered">CSS defines the <strong>presentation</strong></td>
<td class="centered">JavaScript creates <strong>dynamic behaviour</strong>.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: Development Environment -->
<article class='slide slide-subhead'>
<h1>Web Development Tools</h1>
<p>What you’ll need to get started</p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: Web Browser -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>1. Web Browser</h2>
<p>
Choose a modern Web browser that has good development tools to help make building webpages easier.
</p>
<div class="centered contains_sidebyside_icons">
<a href="https://www.google.com/chrome" target="_blank"><img src="assets/ChromeIcon.png" width="125" height="125" alt="Chrome" /></a>
<br/>
<a href="https://www.google.com/chrome" target="_blank">Google Chrome</a>
</div>
<br clear="all" />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p class="sidenote centered">
(If you are unable to install Chrome:
<br />
install
<a href="http://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/" target="_blank">Firefox</a> <b>and</b>
<a href="http://getfirebug.com/" target="_blank">Firebug</a>.)
</p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: Code Editor -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>2. Text Editor</h2>
<p>Although you could write code in Notepad or TextEdit, choose a text editor with code colour highlighting and other helpful features.</p>
<p>There are many, <em>many</em> free and paid options. I recommend this one (it’s free to evaluate):</p>
<div class="centered contains_sidebyside_icons">
<a href="http://www.sublimetext.com" target="_blank"><img src="assets/SublimeTextIcon.jpg" width="125" height="125" alt="Sublime Text 2" /></a>
<br />
<a href="http://www.sublimetext.com/" target="_blank">Sublime Text</a>
</div>
<br clear="all" />
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: X-Ray Goggles -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>3. X-Ray Goggles</h2>
<p>
Use this bookmarklet to “inspect” any webpage and see how it’s built. Click and <strong><em>drag</em></strong> the orange box into your bookmarks bar to install.
</p>
<p class="sidenote centered">
(If you can’t see your bookmarks bar, you can turn it on from the View menu.)
</p>
<br /><br /><br />
<div class="centered contains_sidebyside_icons">
<a id="hackasaurus" href="javascript:(function(){var script=document.createElement('script');script.src='http://webxray.hackasaurus.org/webxray.js';script.className='webxray';document.head.appendChild(script);})();">X-Ray Goggles</a>
<br /><br />
(from <a href="http://hackasaurus.org/en-US/goggles/install/" target="_blank">Hackasaurus</a> by Mozilla)
</div>
<br clear="all" />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: FTP -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>4. File Transfer Program (FTP)</h2>
<p>
FTP software lets you upload your webpages to a server where the rest of the world can see them!
</p>
<div class="centered contains_sidebyside_icons">
<a href="http://cyberduck.ch/" target="_blank"><img src="assets/CyberduckIcon.png" width="125" height="125" alt="CyberDuck" /></a>
<br />
<a href="http://cyberduck.ch/" target="_blank">CyberDuck</a>
</div>
<br clear="all" />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<p class="sidenote centered">
Again, there are many, many free and paid options.
<br />
<a href="http://filezilla-project.org/" target="_blank">FileZilla</a>
is good when you're more advanced.
</p>
</article>
<!-- new slide -->
<article class='slide slide-subhead'>
<h1>Introducing HTML</h1>
<p>Creating structured documents</p>
<p><img src="assets/TRIAD-html.gif" width="267" height="241" alt="content layer" /></p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>What is HTML?</h2>
<p>HTML was created for <span class="keyword">web browsers</span> to read.</p>
<p>This makes perfect sense to a web browser:</p>
<pre><!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title></title></head><body></body></html></pre>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>What is HTML?</h2>
<p>Indentation can make your HTML easier for humans to read.</p>
<pre class='prettyprint'><!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html></pre>
<p class="sidenote">(Later on, you might notice automatic colour coding in your code editor helps a lot too.)</p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>HTML tags</h2>
<p>The structure of a webpage is defined by HTML <span class="keyword">tags</span>. Angled brackets denote tags, like this:</p>
<p class="centered" style="font-size: 3em;"><code><tag></code></p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>HTML tags</h2>
<p>Tags typically come in <strong>pairs</strong> – an opening tag and a closing tag. The closing tag is indicated by a forward slash:</p>
<p class="centered" style="font-size: 3em;"><code><tag></tag></code></p>
<p class="sidenote">Some examples:</p>
<pre style="width: 45%; float: left;"><!DOCTYPE html>
<strong><html></strong>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
<strong></html></strong></pre>
<pre style="width: 45%; float: right;"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<strong><body></strong>
<strong></body></strong>
</html></pre>
<br clear="all" />
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>HTML tags</h2>
<p>Tags can be “nested” within other tags, like this:</p>
<p class="centered" style="font-size: 2.5em;"><code><tag><span style="font-size: 1.3em; color: purple;"><tag></tag></span></tag></code></p>
<p class="centered sidenote">(This relationship is often referred to using the terms “parent” node and “child” nodes.)</p>
<br />
<p class="sidenote" style="margin-bottom: 0px;">For example:</p>
<ul class="sidenote">
<li><code><title></code> is nested between opening and closing <code><head></code> tags, so <code><head></code> is the parent node and <code><title></code> is the child node.</li>
<li>Going further, <code><head></code> is also (at the same time) a child node of <code><html></code>.</li>
<li><code><html></code> is the always the “root” node and has <strong>no</strong> parent nodes.</li>
<li>Notice that <code><head></code> and <code><body></code> are on the same level. They are both child nodes of <code><html></code>.</li>
</ul>
<pre style="width: 45%; float: left;"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<strong><title></strong> <strong></title></strong>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html></pre>
<pre style="width: 45%; float: right;"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<strong><head></strong>
<title> </title>
<strong></head></strong>
<body>
</body>
</html></pre>
<br clear="all" />
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>HTML in a web browser</h2>
<p>If you ever forget the basic tags needed to build a basic webpage, <code>exercises/barebones.html</code> is available to copy and use.</p>
<p>Let’s open it up in our code editor!</p>
<div class="reminders"><p>Most computers are set to open <code>.html</code> files in the default web browser so <strong>right-click</strong> (Ctrl+click or 2-finger click on Mac) and select the “<strong>open with...</strong>” option.</p></div>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>HTML in a web browser</h2>
<p>But remember: HTML tags are like the beams of a house – they denote structure, not content.</p>
<p>So if I view <a href="exercises/barebones.html" target="_blank"><code>barebones.html</code></a> in a web browser, I don't see anything interesting yet...</p>
<div class="reminders single-line"><p>If Chrome is not your default web browser, <strong>right-click</strong> and select the “<strong>open with...</strong>” option.</p></div>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>HTML in a web browser</h2>
<p>But I can right-click and select <strong>View Page Source</strong> to see the HTML and confirm that it’s not a blank file.</p>
<p class="sidenote">(You can do this any time you see something you like, allowing you to reverse-engineer it.)</p>
<p class="centered"><img src="assets/llcodedotcom_viewsource.gif" width="468" height="362" alt="view source" style="margin-right: 30px;" /></p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Sidenote: HTML Document Types</h2>
<p>What about the 1st line?</p>
<pre class='prettyprint'><!DOCTYPE html></pre>
<p>This is a <span class="keyword">Document Type</span> declaration. <code>DOCTYPE</code> indicates to the web browser what <strong>version</strong> of HTML the file is.</p>
<p class="sidenote">(Consider how old versions of Microsoft Office or Photoshop have problems opening files that were created in later versions of the software.)
<p class="sidenote">For example, it could be an <a href="http://www.alistapart.com/articles/doctype/" target="_blank">older document type</a> like the ones below, or the newer "HTML5" one that we're using above.
</p>
<pre><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"></pre>
<pre><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"></pre>
</p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>HTML content</h2>
<p>Your webpage’s content goes in between the opening and closing HTML tags like this:</p>
<p class="centered" style="font-size: 3em;"><code><tag><span style="color: #333;">Content</span></tag></code></p>
<pre><!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title><strong>Home</strong></title>
</head>
<body><strong>
You are currently looking at index.html.
</strong></body>
</html></pre>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2><code><head></code> vs <code><body></code></h2>
<p>I’m going to edit a copy of <code>barebones.html</code> to answer the questions below and to prepare you for the following exercise you’ll do on your own time.</p>
<ul class="spacey_list">
<li>
What happens when I change the content in the <code><title></code> tag?
</li>
<li>
What’s the difference between putting a tag in-between the <code><head></code> tag versus the <code><body></code> tag?
</li>
</ul>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Exercise #1 (15 minutes)</h2>
<ol class="spacey_list">
<li>Make a local copy of <code>index.html</code> in the <code>1_BASIC_HTML_WEBSITE</code> folder and rename it <code>copy.html</code>.<div class="sidenote">(This is so you can always refer back to index.html when needed.)</div></li>
<li>Open <code>copy.html</code> in Chrome to see the original version.</li>
<li>Open <code>copy.html</code> in your text editor and edit the content within the opening and closing tags.</li>
<li>Make sure to save <code>copy.html</code> after changes have been made.</li>
<li>View how <code>copy.html</code> has changed in Chrome by refreshing the webpage.</li>
<li>Explore some of the HTML tags listed on the <strong>next slide</strong> by adding them to your <code>copy.html</code>. Re-save and re-view in Chrome.</li>
</ol>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Exercise #1 – Simple HTML tags</h2>
<div class="sidenote">
(Don't forget that viewable content goes in-between opening and closing tag pairs. Most text editors will give you hints when you might not have closed a tag.)
</div>
<div class="cheatsheet">
<div>
<h3>Hierarchy</h3>
<p>
<code><hl></code>, <code><h2></code>, <code><h3></code>, <code><h4></code>, <code><h5></code> and <code><h6></code> – Heading levels 1 to 6<br />
<code><p></code> – Paragraph<br />
</p>
</div>
<div>
<h3>Text Formatting</h3>
<p><code><b></code> or <code><strong></code> – Bold<br />
<code><i></code> or <code><em></code> – Italics or emphasis<br /></p>
</div>
<div>
<h3>Section Formatting</h3>
<p>
<code><blockquote></code> – A block quote for extended quotations<br /></p>
</div>
</div>
<br clear="all" />
<p class="sidenote">You can practice writing some of these tags in the area below:</p>
<textarea class="coder-editor"></textarea>
<br clear="all" />
</article>
<!-- new slide -->
<article class='slide slide-subhead'>
<h1>Going deeper</h1>
<p>Get to know HTML even better</p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Empty Tags</h2>
<p><span class="keyword">Empty tags</span> don’t format content – instead they are used to render or embed objects in our page.</p>
<p>These tags <strong>do not</strong> come in pairs of opening and closing tags like <code>h1</code> or <code>p</code> tags; instead, there is only an opening tag that “self-closes” with a back slash (<code>/</code>) immediately before the right-angled bracket (<code>></code>).</p>
<p class="centered" style="font-size: 3em;"><code><tag /></code></p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Empty Tags</h2>
<div class="cheatsheet">
<div>
<h3>Some examples:</h3>
<p>
<code><hr /></code> – Horizontal rule<br />
<code><br /></code> – Line break
</p>
<hr />
<p>
<code><img /></code> – An image <em>(We'll cover images very soon.)</em><br />
<code><link /></code> – An external resource like a style sheet. <em>(We'll cover this in more detail this afternoon.)</em><br />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>To Review</h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>HTML tags</strong> define <em>structure</em>.</li>
<li><strong>Text between opening & closing tags</strong> makes up our <em>content</em>.</li>
<li><strong>Empty HTML tags</strong> render special objects like line breaks and images.</li>
</ul>
<p>Consider the <code>img</code> tag. Not very exciting right?</p>
<textarea class="coder-editor"><p>Kicking up HTML a notch.</p>
<img />
<p>Do you agree?</p></textarea>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Attributes</h2>
<p>Sometimes we need to define values that users don’t see, but that are used by the browser to render content like hyperlinks, images, or video.</p>
<p class="sidenote">Here's that same <code>img</code> tag but now it's using an HTML <span class="keyword">attribute</span> to tell my webpage where to find a source image:</p>
<textarea class="coder-editor coder-editor-full"><p>Kicking up HTML a notch.</p>
<img src="http://goo.gl/7eSU5" />
<p>Do you agree?</p></textarea>
<br clear="all" />
<div class="reminders single-line"><p>Remember, it's <strong>not</strong> <code><img>http://goo.gl/7eSU5</img></code></p></div>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Working with images</h2>
<p>Images are an example of an <span class="keyword">empty tag</span> with an <span class="keyword">attribute</span>.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint"><img src="http://goo.gl/7eSU5" /></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>src</code> is the <em>attribute</em></li>
<li><code>http://goo.gl/7eSU5</code> is the <em>value</em> of that attribute<br />
<span class="sidenote">Values are typically surrounded by <em>double quotes</em> since values may contain spaces.</span></li>
</ul>
<p>With an <code>img</code> tag, the value of the <code>src</code> attribute tells the browser what the <em>source</em> of our image is.</p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Working with images</h2>
<p>Tags can have more than one attribute, some <strong>required</strong> (like <code>src</code>) and others are <strong>optional</strong>:</p>
<ul style="margin-top: -1em;">
<li><code>width</code> and <code>height</code> tell the browser what dimension to <em>display</em> the image at.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p class="sidenote">For example, without <code>width</code> and <code>height</code> attributes, the browser displays image at original size.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint"><img src="http://goo.gl/7eSU5" /></pre>
<img src="http://goo.gl/7eSU5" />
<hr />
<p class="sidenote">Now with a manipulated width and height (about 50% smaller):</p>
<pre class="prettyprint"><img src="http://goo.gl/7eSU5" width="320" height="262" /></pre>
<img src="http://goo.gl/7eSU5" width="320" height="262" />
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Working with images</h2>
<p>Another important image attribute:</p>
<ul style="margin-top: -1em;">
<li><code>alt</code> is <em>alternative text</em> to display to visually impaired web visitors using screen readers. It also shows up when there’s a “broken image” due to typos or moved files.</li>
</ul>
<textarea class="coder-editor"><img
src="http://goo.gl/7eSU5"
width="160"
height="131"
alt="HTML LOLcat" /></textarea>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Working with images</h2>
<p>In the <code>exercises/2_WORKING_WITH_IMAGES</code> folder, there’s an <code>index.html</code> file and 3 images of various types.</p>
<div class="reminders"><p>To make your web development life easier, turn on the option to see the file extension type in Explorer (<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Show-or-hide-file-name-extensions" target="_blank">Windows instructions</a>) or Finder (<a href="http://osxdaily.com/2012/01/13/show-filename-extensions-in-mac-os-x/" target="_blank">Mac instructions</a>).</p></div>
<h3>What file type should I use?</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<span class="keyword">.gif</span> – Smaller file size when used for line art, charts, and images with minimal colour variation
</li>
<li>
<span class="keyword">.jpg</span> – Smaller file size when used for photographs with lots of rich colours or gradients
</li>
<li>
<span class="keyword">.png</span> – Larger file size, but provides the best quality and is great for images with transparent backgrounds
</li>
</ul>
<center>
<div class="sidenote">As a gif: 600 x 247, 8kb</div>
<img src="assets/img-example-gif.gif" />
<br />
<div class="sidenote">As a jpeg: 600 x 247, 9kb</div>
<img src="assets/img-example-jpg.jpg" />
<br />
<div class="sidenote">As a png: 600 x 247, 18kb</div>
<img src="assets/img-example-png.png" />
</center>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Working with images</h2>
<p>Code along with me:</p>
<ol class="spacey_list">
<li>Open <a href="exercises/2_WORKING_WITH_IMAGES/index.html" target="_blank"><code>exercises/2_WORKING_WITH_IMAGES/index.html</code></a> in your text editor.</li>
<li>Click on the above link to also view <code>index.html</code> in Chrome. </li>
<li>Use the <code>img</code> tag to embed an image of our fave LOL cat using <code>http://goo.gl/7eSU5</code> for the value of the <code>src</code> attribute.</li>
<li>Save and refresh the webpage in the browser to make sure you got it right.</li>
</ol>
<p class="centered" style="font-size: 2.5em;">This is an example of an <span class="keyword">absolute path</span>.</p>
<p>It’s “fully resolved” and starts with <code>http://</code> much like a url from the browser’s URL bar.</p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Working with images <span style="font-size: 22px;">(Group exercise – Part 2)</span></h2>
<p>Code along with me:</p>
<ol class="spacey_list">
<li>Return to our <code>img</code> tag in <code>index.html</code> and use <code>llc.gif</code>, a file we have locally, as our image source.</li>
</ol>
<p class="centered" style="font-size: 2.5em;">This is an example of a <span class="keyword">relative path</span>.</p>
<p>Relative paths use the HTML file that you’re working on as the starting point to find the location of your image.</p>
<p>Right now, <code>llc.gif</code> is in the <strong>same folder</strong> as <code>index.html</code>, so we can simply use the filename as our image source.</p>
<ol class="spacey_list" start="2">
<li>Open the <a href="exercises/2_WORKING_WITH_IMAGES/images/images.html" target="_blank"><code>images.html</code></a> file in the <code>img</code> folder in your text editor.</li>
<li>Click on the above link to also view <code>images.html</code> in Chrome. </li>
<li>Note that there’s already an <code>img</code> tag in <code>images.html</code> trying to embed <code>llc.gif</code>.</li>
</ol>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Working with images <span style="font-size: 22px;">(Group exercise – Part 3)</span></h2>
<p>To write a <span class="keyword">relative path</span> that goes <strong><em>up</em></strong> a folder, start the path with <code>../</code></p>
<pre class="prettyprint"><img src="<strong>../</strong>llc.gif" /></pre>
<p>Code along with me:</p>
<ol class="spacey_list">
<li>Return to our <code>img</code> tag in <code>images.html</code> and add <code>../</code> in front of <code>llc.gif</code>.</li>
</ol>
<br /><br /><br />
<hr />
<p class="sidenote">An aside: <code>../</code> can be used multiple times if you have many nested folders.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint"><img src="<strong>../../../../</strong>llc.gif" /></pre>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Working with images <span style="font-size: 22px;">(Group exercise – Part 4)</span></h2>
<p>It’s best practice to organize your images into their own folder to keep your website’s file structure tidy.</p>
<p>Let’s <strong>move all of our images into the <code>images</code> folder</strong> of <code>2_WORKING_WITH_IMAGES</code>.</p>
<p>Uh oh! Now our image will be broken in <code>index.html</code> since the image is no longer in the same folder. Let’s fix that...</p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Working with images <span style="font-size: 22px;">(Group exercise – Part 5)</span></h2>
<p>To write a <span class="keyword">relative path</span> that goes <strong><em>into</em></strong> a folder, start path with the <strong>folder name</strong> followed by a backslash (<code>/</code>).</p>
<pre class="prettyprint"><img src="<strong>images/</strong>llc.gif" /></pre>
<ol class="spacey_list">
<li>Return to <code>index.html</code> and add <code>images/</code> in front of <code>llc.gif</code>.</li>
</ol>
<br /><br /><br />
<hr />
<p class="sidenote">An aside: You can go into multiple nested folders:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint"><img src="<strong>folder1/folder2/folder3/</strong>llc.gif" /></pre>
</article>
<!--
Bonus: Give this file structure? How would you include the image?
<p class="sidenote">Transferring <em>over</em> to a parallel folder level would be:</p>
<pre>src="../folder/images/llc.gif"</pre>
-->
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Links</h2>
<p>The <code><a></code> tag – called an <em>anchor</em> tag – is used to create a link.</p>
<p><code><a></code> tags come in pairs, and the content between the opening and closing tags is what is displayed as the link text (typically underlined).</p>
<br />
<pre class="prettyprint">Visit <a>Ladies Learning Code</a>.</pre>
<p>Visit <a>Ladies Learning Code</a>.</p>
<br />
<p>But wait! This link doesn't take me anywhere!</p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Links</h2>
<p>We need a way of setting the URL <span class="sidenote">(e.g. <code>http://ladieslearningcode.com</code>)</span> that the browser will request when someone clicks on the link.</p>
<p>Once again, we need to use <span class="keyword">attributes</span>.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint">Visit <a <strong>href="http://ladieslearningcode.com"</strong>>Ladies Learning Code</a>.</pre>
<p>Visit <a href="http://ladieslearningcode.com" target="_blank">Ladies Learning Code</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>href</code> is the <em>attribute</em></li>
<li><code>http://ladieslearningcode.com</code> is the <em>value</em> of that attribute</li>
<li>The <strong>clickable text</strong> goes in between the opening and closing <code><a></code> tags.</li>
</ul>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Exercise #2 (10–15 minutes)</h2>
<ol class="spacey_list">
<li>Continue editing <code>index.html</code> from the <code>2_WORKING_WITH_IMAGES</code> folder in your text editor.</li>
<li>Create a text link using the <code><a></code> tag that points to <code>http://ladieslearningcode.com</code></li>
<li>Using your knowledge of the <code><a></code> tag, try to create a <em>clickable image</em> using both the <code><img></code> and <code><a></code> tags. Clicking on the image should open up <code>http://ladieslearningcode.com</code><br />
<span class="sidenote">(Hint: This involves nested HTML tags.)</span>
</li>
</ol>
<p class="sidenote">Make sure to save <code>index.html</code> after making changes and before viewing those changes in Chrome.</p>
</article>
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Getting ready for Exercise #3</h2>
<p>We’re going to build a <strong>3-page</strong> website that uses a standard 2-column webpage layout.</p>
<p class="centered"><img src="assets/2-column-webpage.png" width="703" height="411" alt="" /></p>
</article>
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Getting ready for Exercise #3</h2>
<p>Code along and review with me!</p>
<p>Make a new <code>index.html</code> in the <code>exercises/website</code> folder.</p>
<ol>
<li>What’s the <strong>very first line</strong> we need to type?</li>
<li>What <strong>three</strong> HTML tags should every website have?</li>
<li>What HTML tag do I need to change in order to update the browser tab with a descriptive tab name? And where does it go?</li>
</ol>
<p>Here is the start of your top navigation menu.<br /><span class="sidenote">(Don't worry, <code><nav></code> is nothing too special but we'll use it later in CSS.)</span></p>
<pre>
<nav>
Home About Contact
</nav>
</pre>
<ol start="4">
<li>In between which tag do I paste this code since it’s content that should be <strong>visible to the user</strong>?</li>
</ol>
</article>
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Exercise #3 (now until lunch)</h2>
<p>On your own:</p>
<ol class="spacey_list">
<li>There will be two more pages: <code>about.html</code> and <code>contact.html</code>. Use the <code><a></code> tag with an <code>href</code> attribute to link all your pages together.</li>
<li>Create two new files for About and Contact by duplicating <code>index.html</code> within the <code>website</code> folder. Name these files <code>about.html</code> and <code>contact.html</code>.</li>
<li>Make sure that all your webpages have a descriptive and unique <code><title></code>.</li>
<li>Confirm that you can click between all the pages using the navigation links. Fix them if needed.</li>
<li>Update <code>about.html</code> with a picture and bio.<br />
<span class="sidenote">(You can even try adding a YouTube video based on the notes on the next slide.)</span></li>
<li>Update <code>contact.html</code> with contact info.<br />
<span class="sidenote">(You can even try adding a Google Map.)</span></li>
<li><strong>Don’t</strong> update <code>index.html</code> any more!<br/>
<span class="sidenote">We'll get to that <strong>after</strong> lunch.</span></li>
</ol>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Bonus: Add video to your webpage</h2>
<p>It’s easier than ever to embed a video into your webpage!</p>
<p>From YouTube, you can find an <strong>Embed Code</strong> to put into your HTML <span class="sidenote">(click on "Share" button below video, then "Embed")</span>, and YouTube’s servers do all the rest of the work via the <code>iframe</code> tag.</p>
<pre class="prettyprint"><iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/tlnFyjpV5Wo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></pre>
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/tlnFyjpV5Wo" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<p>Adding a Google Map is similar. <a href="assets/google_map_embed.jpg" target="_blank">Click here for an instructional screenshot.</a></p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: HTML -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>HTML reference</h2>
<ul class="spacey_list">
<li>Download a <a href="http://woorkup.com/2009/12/16/html5-visual-cheat-sheet-reloaded/" target="_blank">cheatsheet of HTML tags</a>. (There is a copy in the <code>cheatsheets</code> folder.)</li>
<li>Try looking up individual tags using the HTML sections of <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/Element" target="_blank">Mozilla’s Developer Network</a> or the <a href="http://www.w3.org/community/webed/wiki/HTML/Elements" target="_blank">W3C</a> for more details on tag usage and attributes.</li>
<li>For further exploration, use the <a href="http://hackasaurus.org/en-US/goggles/install/" target="_blank">Hackasaurus X-Ray Goggles</a> to look at any webpage.</li>
<li>And don’t forget the “view source” option of your web browser!</li>
</ul>
</article>
<!-- CSS -->
<article class='slide slide-subhead'>
<h1>Introducing CSS</h1>
<p>The presentation layer</p>
<p><img src="assets/TRIAD-css.gif" width="261" height="241" alt="Presentation Layer" /></p>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: CSS -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Why use CSS?</h2>
<ul>
<li>Separates content (text) from presentation (text colour).</li>
<li>The "cascading" part of CSS means that it (should) help avoid redundancy in styling your web documents.</li>
</ul>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: CSS -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Inline CSS using the <code>style</code> attribute</h2>
<p>The <code>style</code> <em><strong>attribute</strong></em> can be added to any visible HTML tag.</p>
<textarea class='coder-editor coder-editor-full'>
<h1>Welcome!</h1>
<p>This is my website.</p>
<h1>Social Media</h1>
<p>Follow me on
<a href="http://twitter.com/Linndelicate" target="_blank">Twitter</a>!
</p>
</textarea>
<script type='coder-solution'><h1 style="background-color: black; color: white;">Welcome!</h1>
<p style="font-size: 18px;">This is my website.</p>
<h1 style="background-color: black; color: white;">Social Media</h1>
<p style="font-size: 18px;">Follow me on
<a href="http://twitter.com/Linndelicate" target="_blank"
style="color: red;">Twitter</a>!
</p>
</script>
</article>
<!-- SLIDE: CSS -->
<article class='slide slide-list'>
<h2>Using selectors to apply CSS</h2>
<p>Here's the same result but using CSS <span class="keyword">selectors</span>.</p>
<p>The <code><style></code> tag (placed between the <code><head></code> tags) is where CSS commonly goes.</p>
<textarea class='coder-editor coder-editor-full'>
<h1>Welcome!</h1>
<p>This is my website.</p>
<h1>Social Media</h1>
<p>Follow me on
<a href="http://twitter.com/Linndelicate" target="_blank">Twitter</a>!
</p>
</textarea>
<script type='coder-solution'><h1>Welcome!</h1>
<p>This is my website.</p>
<h1>Social Media</h1>
<p>Follow me on
<a href="http://twitter.com/Linndelicate" target="_blank">Twitter</a>!
</p>
<style>
h1 { background-color: black; color: white; }
p { font-size: 18px; }
a { color: red; }
</style>
</script>
</article>
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<h2>CSS selectors and properties</h2>
<p>Here's a CSS declaration dissected:</p>
<p class="centered"><img src="assets/css.png" /></p>
<ul>
<li>A <strong>basic</strong> <span class="keyword">selector</span> will match its HTML tag name. In this case, all content that is a <code><h1></code> will have this style applied to it.<br /><span class="sidenote">(We'll get into more complex selectors later.)</span></li>
<li>A <span class="keyword">property</span> is a special label for some visual aspect of the selector such as colour or size. You can see a list of them in this <a href="http://www.cheatography.com/davechild/cheat-sheets/css2/" target="_blank">cheatsheet</a>.</li>
<li>The property <strong>value</strong> is specific to the property type. For example, <code>color</code> properties accept colour values like <code>blue</code> or <code>#FFFF00</code>. <code>font-size</code> properties accept units of measurements like <code>12px</code> (where "px" stands for pixels).</li>
</ul>
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<h2>CSS selectors and properties</h2>
<p>Here's a CSS declaration dissected:</p>
<p class="centered"><img src="assets/css.png" /></p>
<ul>
<li>Use <strong>curly braces</strong> (<code>{}</code>) to hold property:value sets.</li>
<li>You can define multiple property:value sets but you must end each one with a <strong>semi-colon</strong> (<code>;</code>).</li>
</ul>
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<h2>Changing the page's background colour</h2>
<p>View <code><a href="exercises/3_CSS/index.html" target="_blank">exercises/3_CSS/index.html</a></code> in your browser. Notice how we're using a transparent PNG so it's hard to read all the white letters on a white background.</p>
<p>Let's add a <code><style></code> tag between the <code><head></code> tags. Then add this:</p>
<pre>body { background-color: gray; }</pre>
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<h2>Changing the font colour</h2>
<p>Now the text is a bit hard to read on the grey background. Because the <code><body></code> tag is the highest possible visible HTML tag, the <code>body</code> selector will also allow us to target the font colour on the <em>entire</em> page.</p>
<pre>body { background-color: gray; <strong>color: white;</strong> }</pre>
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<h2>Changing the font family</h2>
<p>The web has a number of fonts that are considered "web safe". Some of the most used fonts are:</p>
<ul>
<li style="font-family: Arial;">Arial</li>
<li style="font-family: Verdana;">Verdana</li>
<li style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Times New Roman</li>
<li style="font-family: Georgia;">Georgia</li>
<li style="font-family: Courier;">Courier</li>
</ul>
<p>Let's add a bit of contrast to our headings by using the Courier font on them.</p>
<pre>h1 { font-family: Courier; }
h2 { font-family: Courier; }</pre>
</article>
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<h2>Changing the font family</h2>
<p>Not all fonts are installed on all computers so it's recommended that you use a list of fonts, ordered by preference. If the first font in the list isn't available, the browser will try to use the next font, and so on.</p>
<pre>body { background-color: gray; color: white; <strong>font-family: Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;</strong> }</pre>
<p class="sidenote">(Notice how the font-family for the headings are still Courier? That's the "cascading" part of Cascading Style Sheets in action. Inline styles take precedence, then innermost tags, then outer tags.)</p>
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<h2>Changing the font size</h2>
<p>Font sizes are typically defined in pixels (px) or "ems" (em).</p>
<ul>
<li style="font-size: 10px;">20px</li>
<li style="font-size: 20px;">45px</li>
<li style="font-size: 1em;">0.5em</li>
<li style="font-size: 1.5em;">1em</li>
</ul>
<p>Headings have default font-sizes defined by the browser. Let's override them. </p>
<pre>h1 { font-family: Courier; <strong>font-size: 25px;</strong> }
h2 { font-family: Courier; <strong>font-size: 22px;</strong> }</pre>
<p class="sidenote">(When you've got more time, read <a href="http://kyleschaeffer.com/best-practices/css-font-size-em-vs-px-vs-pt-vs/" target="_blank">this article</a> for more info on font unit sizes.)</p>
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<h2>Changing the font weight</h2>
<p>In its simplest form, there are two possible values you can set as a font's weight:</p>
<ul>
<li style="font-weight: normal;">normal</li>
<li style="font-weight: bold;">bold</li>
</ul>
<p>By default, headings are already bolded. Let's remove the bold by applying the <em>normal</em> font weight to them.</p>
<pre>h1 { font-family: Courier; font-size: 25px; <strong>font-weight: normal;</strong> }
h2 { font-family: Courier; font-size: 22px; <strong>font-weight: normal;</strong> }</pre>
</article>
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<h2>Formatting CSS</h2>
<p>As with HTML, extra whitespace and line breaks add to readability.</p>
<p>Our current CSS can be written like this:</p>
<pre class="prettyprint lang-css">
<style>
body {
background-color: gray;
color: white;
font-family: Helvetica, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
h1 {
font-family: Courier;
font-size: 25px;
font-weight: normal;
}
h2 {
font-family: Courier;
font-size: 22px;
font-weight: normal;
}
</style>
</pre>
</article>
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<h2>The "Box Model"</h2>
<p>Most HTML elements on a webpage look like this to the browser:</p>
<p class="centered"><img src="assets/box-model.gif" width="536" height="289" alt="box model" /></p>
<p>This is the same idea but visualized differently:</p>
<p class="centered"><img src="assets/box-model.png" width="517" height="476" alt="box model" /></p>
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<p style="color: #B1009A;">Example: Let's make our links look more button-like</p>
<p>To add a border you need to set 3 properties:<br />