reading2.rtf

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\pard\sa200\sl276\slmult1\highlight1\b\f0\fs36\lang9             \cf2 NOSQL (not only sql )     \cf3                                                                             \cf0\highlight0\fs48\par
        \fs32 Name : Pintu Lal Meena (120050018)\fs24\par
\highlight4                \cf2   cs317(DBMS)  reading assignment                                                                                               \par
\cf0\highlight0\f1 Introduction and Overview\b0\i\par

\pard\ri-180\sa200\sl276\slmult1 NoSQL is commonly interpreted as "not only SQL".NoSQl databases handle a large variety of data including structured, unstructured or semi structured data.NoSQL database systems are highly optimized for retrieval and append operations and offer less functionality other than record storage. The run time performance is reduced compared to full SQL systems but there is increased gain in scalability and performance for some data models.\par

\pard\sa200\sl276\slmult1 There are some reasion to use no sql :-\par

\pard\b Avoidance of Unneeded Complexity  \b0 :-Relational databases provide a variety of features and strict data consistency. But this rich feature set and the ACID properties implemented by RDBMSs might be more than necessary for particular applications and use cases. High Throughput  ,Horizontal Scalability and Running on Commodity Hardware Avoidance of Expensive Object-Relational Mapping:- the most of the no sql data designed to store data structurer similar to other object oriented program language compaired to relational data structures like without key value store  documents.Compromising Reliability for Better Performance\par

\pard\sa200\sl276\slmult1\b Basic Concepts, Techniques and Patterns\b0\par
NoSQL is a non-relational database management system which is different from the traditional relational database management systems in significant ways. NoSQL systems are designed for distributed data stores which require large scale data storage, are schema-less and scale horizontally. Relational databases rely upon very structured rules to govern transactions. These rules are encoded in the ACID model which requires that the database must always preserve atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability in each database transaction. The NoSQL databases follow the BASE model which provides three loose guidelines: basic availability, soft state and eventual consistency.Two primary reasons to consider NoSQL are: handle data access with sizes and performance that demand a cluster; and to improve the productivity of application development by using a more convenient data interaction style . The common characteristics of NoSQL are: - Not using the relational model   , Running well on clusters  ,     Open-source  ,   Schema less, etc .\par
Each NoSQL solution uses a different data model which can be put in four widely used categories in the NoSQL Ecosystem: key-value, document, column-family and graph. Of these the first three share a common characteristic of their data models called aggregate orientation. Next we briefly describe each of these data models.Graph stores are used to store information about networks, such as social connections. Graph stores include Neo4J and HyperGraphDB .Wide-column stores such as Cassandra and HBase are optimized for queries over large datasets, and store columns of data together, instead of row .Document databases pair each key with a complex data structure known as a document. Documents can contain many different key-value pairs, or key-array pairs, or even nested documents. \par
\b Column-Oriented Databases:-\b0  The approach to store and process data by column instead of row has its origin in analytics and business intelligence where column-stores operating in a shared-nothing massively parallel processing architecture can be used to build high-performance applications. the key-value pair model provided by distributed B-trees or distributed hash tables is too limiting in traditional database .\par

\pard NoSQL databases, on the other hand, usually support \b auto-sharding, \b0 that they natively and automatically spread data across an arbitrary number of servers, without requiring the application to even be aware of the composition of the server pool. Data and query load are automatically balanced across servers, and when a server goes down, it can be quickly and transparently replaced with no application disruption. \par
\b\i0 Clustering \b0 of database servers is another approach to partition data which strives for transparency towards clients who should not notice talking to a cluster of database servers instead of a single server. While this approach can help to scale the persistence layer of a system to a certain degree many criticize that clustering features have only been added on top of DBMSs that were not originally designed for distribution.\par
nosql is usefull for following conditions :-  Large volumes of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data Agile sprints, quick iteration, and frequent code pushes Object- oriented programming that is easy to use and flexible Efficient,scale-out architecture instead of expensive, monolithic architecture.\i\par

\pard\sa200\sl276\slmult1\b Conclusion:-\b0   \par
NoSQL databases provide more Scalability than traditional databae . But given their limitations, they will never completely replace the relational databases. The future of NoSQL is in the usage of various database tools in application-oriented way and their broader adoption in specialized projects involving large unstructured distributed data with high requirements on scaling. On the other hand, an adoption of NoSQL data stores will hardly compete with relational databases that represent reliability and matured technology.The application design is an important part of the non-relational databases which enable the database designers to provide certain functionalities to the users. Hence a good understanding of the architecture for NoSQL systems is required\lang1033 .\lang9\par
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