sinatra-2.1.0.gem: 12 vulnerabilities (highest severity is: 10.0)

[mend-for-github-com]

Vulnerable Library - sinatra-2.1.0.gem

Sinatra is a DSL for quickly creating web applications in Ruby with minimal effort.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/sinatra-2.1.0.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /che/sinatra-2.1.0.gem

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Vulnerabilities

CVE	Severity	CVSS	Exploit Maturity	EPSS	Dependency	Type	Fixed in (sinatra version)	Remediation Possible**	Reachability
CVE-2022-30123	Critical	10.0	Not Defined	0.6%	rack-2.2.3.gem	Transitive	N/A*	❌
CVE-2022-45442	High	8.8	Not Defined	0.5%	sinatra-2.1.0.gem	Direct	sinatra - 2.2.3,3.0.4	✅
CVE-2023-27539	High	7.5	Not Defined		rack-2.2.3.gem	Transitive	N/A*	❌
CVE-2023-27530	High	7.5	Not Defined	0.1%	rack-2.2.3.gem	Transitive	N/A*	❌
CVE-2022-44572	High	7.5	Not Defined	0.1%	rack-2.2.3.gem	Transitive	N/A*	❌
CVE-2022-44571	High	7.5	Not Defined	0.1%	rack-2.2.3.gem	Transitive	N/A*	❌
CVE-2022-44570	High	7.5	Not Defined	0.1%	rack-2.2.3.gem	Transitive	N/A*	❌
CVE-2022-30122	High	7.5	Not Defined	0.1%	rack-2.2.3.gem	Transitive	N/A*	❌
CVE-2022-29970	High	7.5	Not Defined	0.2%	sinatra-2.1.0.gem	Direct	sinatra - 2.2.0	✅
CVE-2024-26141	Medium	5.8	Not Defined	0.0%	rack-2.2.3.gem	Transitive	N/A*	❌
CVE-2024-26146	Medium	5.3	Not Defined	0.0%	rack-2.2.3.gem	Transitive	N/A*	❌
CVE-2024-25126	Medium	5.3	Not Defined	0.0%	rack-2.2.3.gem	Transitive	N/A*	❌

*For some transitive vulnerabilities, there is no version of direct dependency with a fix. Check the "Details" section below to see if there is a version of transitive dependency where vulnerability is fixed.

**In some cases, Remediation PR cannot be created automatically for a vulnerability despite the availability of remediation

Details

CVE-2022-30123

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• sinatra-2.1.0.gem (Root Library)
  • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A sequence injection vulnerability exists in Rack <2.0.9.1, <2.1.4.1 and <2.2.3.1 which could allow is a possible shell escape in the Lint and CommonLogger components of Rack.

Publish Date: 2022-12-05

URL: CVE-2022-30123

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.6%

CVSS 3 Score Details (10.0)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Changed
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: High
  • Integrity Impact: High
  • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-wq4h-7r42-5hrr

Release Date: 2022-12-05

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.1,2.1.4.1,2.2.3.1

CVE-2022-45442

Vulnerable Library - sinatra-2.1.0.gem

Sinatra is a DSL for quickly creating web applications in Ruby with minimal effort.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/sinatra-2.1.0.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /che/sinatra-2.1.0.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• ❌ sinatra-2.1.0.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Sinatra is a domain-specific language for creating web applications in Ruby. An issue was discovered in Sinatra 2.0 before 2.2.3 and 3.0 before 3.0.4. An application is vulnerable to a reflected file download (RFD) attack that sets the Content-Disposition header of a response when the filename is derived from user-supplied input. Version 2.2.3 and 3.0.4 contain patches for this issue.

Publish Date: 2022-11-28

URL: CVE-2022-45442

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.5%

CVSS 3 Score Details (8.8)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: Required
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: High
  • Integrity Impact: High
  • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-2x8x-jmrp-phxw

Release Date: 2022-11-28

Fix Resolution: sinatra - 2.2.3,3.0.4

⛑️ Automatic Remediation will be attempted for this issue.

CVE-2023-27539

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• sinatra-2.1.0.gem (Root Library)
  • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

There is a denial of service vulnerability in the header parsing component of Rack. Carefully crafted input can cause header parsing in Rack to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. Any applications that parse headers using Rack (virtually all Rails applications) are impacted. The issue is fixed versions 2.2.6.4 and 3.0.6.1

Publish Date: 2023-03-03

URL: CVE-2023-27539

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS:

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: https://discuss.rubyonrails.org/t/cve-2023-27539-possible-denial-of-service-vulnerability-in-racks-header-parsing/82466

Release Date: 2023-03-03

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.2.6.4,3.0.6.1

CVE-2023-27530

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• sinatra-2.1.0.gem (Root Library)
  • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A DoS vulnerability exists in Rack <v3.0.4.2, <v2.2.6.3, <v2.1.4.3 and <v2.0.9.3 within in the Multipart MIME parsing code in which could allow an attacker to craft requests that can be abuse to cause multipart parsing to take longer than expected.

Publish Date: 2023-03-10

URL: CVE-2023-27530

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.1%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Release Date: 2023-03-10

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.3,2.1.4.3,2.2.6.3,3.0.4.2

CVE-2022-44572

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• sinatra-2.1.0.gem (Root Library)
  • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A denial of service vulnerability in the multipart parsing component of Rack fixed in 2.0.9.2, 2.1.4.2, 2.2.4.1 and 3.0.0.1 could allow an attacker tocraft input that can cause RFC2183 multipart boundary parsing in Rack to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. Any applications that parse multipart posts using Rack (virtually all Rails applications) are impacted.

Publish Date: 2023-02-09

URL: CVE-2022-44572

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.1%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-rqv2-275x-2jq5

Release Date: 2023-02-09

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.2,2.1.4.2,2.2.6.2,3.0.4.1

CVE-2022-44571

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• sinatra-2.1.0.gem (Root Library)
  • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

There is a denial of service vulnerability in the Content-Disposition parsingcomponent of Rack fixed in 2.0.9.2, 2.1.4.2, 2.2.4.1, 3.0.0.1. This could allow an attacker to craft an input that can cause Content-Disposition header parsing in Rackto take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial ofservice attack vector. This header is used typically used in multipartparsing. Any applications that parse multipart posts using Rack (virtuallyall Rails applications) are impacted.

Publish Date: 2023-02-09

URL: CVE-2022-44571

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.1%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-93pm-5p5f-3ghx

Release Date: 2023-02-09

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.2,2.1.4.2,2.2.6.2,3.0.4.1

CVE-2022-44570

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• sinatra-2.1.0.gem (Root Library)
  • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A denial of service vulnerability in the Range header parsing component of Rack >= 1.5.0. A Carefully crafted input can cause the Range header parsing component in Rack to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. Any applications that deal with Range requests (such as streaming applications, or applications that serve files) may be impacted.

Publish Date: 2023-02-09

URL: CVE-2022-44570

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.1%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-65f5-mfpf-vfhj

Release Date: 2023-02-09

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.2,2.1.4.2,2.2.6.2,3.0.4.1

CVE-2022-30122

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• sinatra-2.1.0.gem (Root Library)
  • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A possible denial of service vulnerability exists in Rack <2.0.9.1, <2.1.4.1 and <2.2.3.1 in the multipart parsing component of Rack.

Publish Date: 2022-12-05

URL: CVE-2022-30122

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.1%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-hxqx-xwvh-44m2

Release Date: 2022-12-05

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.1,2.1.4.1,2.2.3.1

CVE-2022-29970

Vulnerable Library - sinatra-2.1.0.gem

Sinatra is a DSL for quickly creating web applications in Ruby with minimal effort.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/sinatra-2.1.0.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /che/sinatra-2.1.0.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• ❌ sinatra-2.1.0.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Sinatra before 2.2.0 does not validate that the expanded path matches public_dir when serving static files.

Publish Date: 2022-05-02

URL: CVE-2022-29970

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.2%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: High
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: None

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-qp49-3pvw-x4m5

Release Date: 2022-05-02

Fix Resolution: sinatra - 2.2.0

⛑️ Automatic Remediation will be attempted for this issue.

CVE-2024-26141

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• sinatra-2.1.0.gem (Root Library)
  • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Carefully crafted Range headers can cause a server to respond with an unexpectedly large response. Responding with such large responses could lead to a denial of service issue. Vulnerable applications will use the Rack::File middleware or the Rack::Utils.byte_ranges methods (this includes Rails applications). The vulnerability is fixed in 3.0.9.1 and 2.2.8.1.

Publish Date: 2024-02-29

URL: CVE-2024-26141

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.0%

CVSS 3 Score Details (5.8)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Changed
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: Low

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-26141

Release Date: 2024-02-28

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.2.8.1,3.0.9.1

CVE-2024-26146

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• sinatra-2.1.0.gem (Root Library)
  • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Carefully crafted headers can cause header parsing in Rack to take longer than expected resulting in a possible denial of service issue. Accept and Forwarded headers are impacted. Ruby 3.2 has mitigations for this problem, so Rack applications using Ruby 3.2 or newer are unaffected. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.0.9.4, 2.1.4.4, 2.2.8.1, and 3.0.9.1.

Publish Date: 2024-02-29

URL: CVE-2024-26146

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.0%

CVSS 3 Score Details (5.3)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: Low

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-26146

Release Date: 2024-02-28

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.4,2.1.4.4,2.2.8.1,3.0.9.1

CVE-2024-25126

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• sinatra-2.1.0.gem (Root Library)
  • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in HEAD commit: 9e80ef2568d1e0d9f52f4f6143251fe7d1a9a97d

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Carefully crafted content type headers can cause Rack’s media type parser to take much longer than expected, leading to a possible denial of service vulnerability (ReDos 2nd degree polynomial). This vulnerability is patched in 3.0.9.1 and 2.2.8.1.

Publish Date: 2024-02-29

URL: CVE-2024-25126

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.0%

CVSS 3 Score Details (5.3)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: Low

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-22f2-v57c-j9cx

Release Date: 2024-02-28

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.2.8.1,3.0.9.1

---

⛑️Automatic Remediation will be attempted for this issue.