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Exercise 4 ( Arithmetic Operators)

Arithmetic operators are reserved symbols used for performing mathematical operations ( calculations).

Examples

operators symbols use return type
Addition + 1 + 3 int
Subtraction - 3 - 1 int
Multiplication * 3 * 2 int
Exponent ** 3 ** 2 int
Float division / 3 / 2 float
Integer division // 3 // 2 int
Modulo % 3 % 2 int

Note

  • If one of the operands is a float, then the resulting value is casted ( converted) into a float. Eg: 1.0 + 1 = 2.0 and 1 + 1 = 1 .
  • // , returns the whole number part ( quotient) of the division. So, given: 22.0 // 3 = 7.0 and 22 // 3 = 7 .
  • / , returns the quotient and the remainder as a float, together. Eg: 22 /3 = 7.333333333333333 and 0.25 / 0.5 = 0.5 .

Casting

Casting means, converting or changing from one type to another. To know the type of a value, use the type(obj) function. Eg: type(2) and type('2') will return <class 'int'> and <class 'str'> respectively. Meaning that 2 is an integer and '2' is a string.

# casting
x = 2 # x is an int
y = float(x) # we cast x to a float and passed the value to y
z = str(y) # y is a float, changed to a string and the value assigned to z

Note

The values of x and y don't change after the casting, except that we do, y = float(y).

Practicals

write a program to evalute and print the results of the following given that a = 2 and b = 5 :

    • a _ (2 _ b) - 5
    • 2 * (b - a) + b
  2. (-(a _ b) ** 2 - (4 _ a * b) ) / ((b // a) // 3 + (16 / a / b))
  3. ((a ** 2) - (b ** 2)) // ((b - a) ** 2)
  4. ((a + b) % 2) - ((b % a) + 1)

Summary

  • +, -, *, **, /, //, % are reserved for mathematical operations.
  • Rule of precedence is (), **, *, //, /, +, - .
  • Use parentheses to change the precedence.