diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 5c7a36583..1498562aa 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ endif()
 # PROJECT
 # name version language
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
-project(ilang VERSION     1.1.3
+project(ilang VERSION     1.1.4
               LANGUAGES   CXX
 )
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 155a6e543..dd536e1b9 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.com/Bo-Yuan-Huang/ILAng.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.com/Bo-Yuan-Huang/ILAng)
 [![Build Status](https://ilang.semaphoreci.com/badges/ILAng.svg)](https://ilang.semaphoreci.com/projects/ILAng)
 [![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/cwhlq09513art6hw/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/Bo-Yuan-Huang/ilang/branch/master)
-[![Coverity Scan Build Status](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/17719/badge.svg)](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/bo-yuan-huang-ilang)
 [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/Bo-Yuan-Huang/ILAng/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/github/Bo-Yuan-Huang/ILAng?branch=master)
 [![Language grade: C/C++](https://img.shields.io/lgtm/grade/cpp/g/Bo-Yuan-Huang/ILAng.svg?logo=lgtm&logoWidth=18)](https://lgtm.com/projects/g/Bo-Yuan-Huang/ILAng/context:cpp)
 [![Codacy Badge](https://api.codacy.com/project/badge/Grade/b120e2527cc04d4aacd1dc11581e2f30)](https://www.codacy.com/app/Bo-Yuan-Huang/ILAng?utm_source=github.com&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=Bo-Yuan-Huang/ILAng&utm_campaign=Badge_Grade)
diff --git a/include/ilang/ila-mngr/u_abs_knob.h b/include/ilang/ila-mngr/u_abs_knob.h
index 7d6b07de1..4adc03c60 100644
--- a/include/ilang/ila-mngr/u_abs_knob.h
+++ b/include/ilang/ila-mngr/u_abs_knob.h
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
 /// \namespace ilang
 namespace ilang {
 
-/// \namespace AbsKnob
-namespace AbsKnob {
+/// \namespace absknob
+namespace absknob {
 /****************************************************************************/
 /// Add all dependent vars of the expr to the set.
 void InsertVar(const ExprPtr& e, ExprSet& vars);
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ InstrPtr DuplInstr(const InstrCnstPtr instr_src, const InstrLvlAbsPtr& dst,
 /// Duplicate instruction sequence to dst. NOT IMPLEMENTED YET.
 void DuplInstrSeq(const InstrLvlAbsCnstPtr& src, const InstrLvlAbsPtr& dst);
 
-}; // namespace AbsKnob
+}; // namespace absknob
 
 } // namespace ilang
 
diff --git a/include/ilang/target-sc/ilator.h b/include/ilang/target-sc/ilator.h
index 36321853d..0fa5cccd2 100644
--- a/include/ilang/target-sc/ilator.h
+++ b/include/ilang/target-sc/ilator.h
@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ class Ilator {
   /// Generation bootstrap, e.g., creating directories.
   bool Bootstrap(const std::string& root, bool opt);
 
+  /// Interpret non-instr basics, e.g., valid.
+  bool GenerateIlaBasics(const std::string& dir);
   /// Interpret instruction semantics (decode and state updates).
   bool GenerateInstrContent(const InstrPtr& instr, const std::string& dir);
   /// Special handle for memory updates.
@@ -143,6 +145,8 @@ class Ilator {
   static std::string GetCxxType(const SortPtr& sort);
   /// Get the variable name in SystemC.
   static std::string GetCxxName(const ExprPtr& expr);
+  /// Get the valid function name of the ILA.
+  static std::string GetValidFuncName(const InstrLvlAbsCnstPtr& m);
   /// Get the decode function name of the instruction.
   static std::string GetDecodeFuncName(const InstrPtr& instr);
   /// Get the state update function name of the instruction.
diff --git a/src/ila-mngr/p_sanity_check_and_fix.cc b/src/ila-mngr/p_sanity_check_and_fix.cc
index 34b2a7384..d8ebebada 100644
--- a/src/ila-mngr/p_sanity_check_and_fix.cc
+++ b/src/ila-mngr/p_sanity_check_and_fix.cc
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ bool SanityCheckAndFix(const InstrLvlAbsPtr& m) {
 
   // check completeness
   auto acc = asthub::BoolConst(false);
-  for (const auto& instr : AbsKnob::GetInstrTree(m)) {
+  for (const auto& instr : absknob::GetInstrTree(m)) {
     auto host = instr->host();
     ILA_NOT_NULL(host);
     auto valid = host->valid() ? host->valid() : asthub::BoolConst(true);
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ bool SanityCheckAndFix(const InstrLvlAbsPtr& m) {
   if (!is_complete) {
     ILA_WARN << "Incomplete instruction set - create default instruction";
     auto clean = true;
-    for (const auto& var : AbsKnob::GetVar(acc)) {
+    for (const auto& var : absknob::GetVar(acc)) {
       auto is_top_state = m->find_state(var->name());
       auto is_top_input = m->find_input(var->name());
       clean &= (is_top_state || is_top_input);
diff --git a/src/ila-mngr/u_abs_knob.cc b/src/ila-mngr/u_abs_knob.cc
index 11342e623..a575ec335 100644
--- a/src/ila-mngr/u_abs_knob.cc
+++ b/src/ila-mngr/u_abs_knob.cc
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace ilang {
 
-namespace AbsKnob {
+namespace absknob {
 
 ExprPtr DuplInp(const InstrLvlAbsPtr& m, const ExprPtr& inp) {
   ILA_ASSERT(inp->is_var()) << "Creating input from non-var Expr.";
@@ -392,6 +392,6 @@ void DuplInstrSeq(const InstrLvlAbsCnstPtr& src, const InstrLvlAbsPtr& dst) {
   // TODO
 }
 
-} // namespace AbsKnob
+} // namespace absknob
 
 } // namespace ilang
diff --git a/src/ila-mngr/u_rewrite_ila.cc b/src/ila-mngr/u_rewrite_ila.cc
index 72123a970..29a0191a3 100644
--- a/src/ila-mngr/u_rewrite_ila.cc
+++ b/src/ila-mngr/u_rewrite_ila.cc
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ bool FuncObjRewrIla::pre(const InstrLvlAbsCnstPtr& src) {
       << "Rewriting ILA to partially constructed ILA not support.";
 
   // input
-  AbsKnob::DuplInp(src, dst, expr_map_);
+  absknob::DuplInp(src, dst, expr_map_);
   // state
-  AbsKnob::DuplStt(src, dst, expr_map_);
+  absknob::DuplStt(src, dst, expr_map_);
 
   // child
   for (decltype(src->child_num()) i = 0; i != src->child_num(); i++) {
@@ -40,20 +40,20 @@ bool FuncObjRewrIla::pre(const InstrLvlAbsCnstPtr& src) {
   }
 
   // fetch
-  AbsKnob::DuplFetch(src, dst, expr_map_);
+  absknob::DuplFetch(src, dst, expr_map_);
   // valid
-  AbsKnob::DuplValid(src, dst, expr_map_);
+  absknob::DuplValid(src, dst, expr_map_);
   // init
-  AbsKnob::DuplInit(src, dst, expr_map_);
+  absknob::DuplInit(src, dst, expr_map_);
 
   // instruction && child-program
   for (decltype(src->instr_num()) i = 0; i != src->instr_num(); i++) {
     auto i_src = src->instr(i);
-    AbsKnob::DuplInstr(i_src, dst, expr_map_, ila_map_);
+    absknob::DuplInstr(i_src, dst, expr_map_, ila_map_);
   }
 
   // sequence
-  AbsKnob::DuplInstrSeq(src, dst);
+  absknob::DuplInstrSeq(src, dst);
 
   return false;
 }
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ bool FuncObjFlatIla::pre(const InstrLvlAbsCnstPtr& src) {
     valid_cond_ = asthub::BoolConst(true);
   }
 #ifdef VALID_STACK
-  valid_cond_ = AbsKnob::Rewrite(valid_cond_, expr_map_);
+  valid_cond_ = absknob::Rewrite(valid_cond_, expr_map_);
   valid_cond_stack_.push(asthub::And(valid_cond_stack_.top(), valid_cond_));
   const auto& hierarchical_valid_cond = valid_cond_stack_.top();
 #endif // VALID_STACK
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ bool FuncObjFlatIla::pre(const InstrLvlAbsCnstPtr& src) {
   // instruction && child-program
   for (decltype(src->instr_num()) i = 0; i != src->instr_num(); i++) {
     auto i_src = src->instr(i);
-    auto i_dst = AbsKnob::DuplInstr(i_src, dst, expr_map_, ila_map_);
+    auto i_dst = absknob::DuplInstr(i_src, dst, expr_map_, ila_map_);
 #ifdef VALID_STACK
     auto new_decode = asthub::And(i_dst->decode(), hierarchical_valid_cond);
     i_dst->ForceSetDecode(new_decode);
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ bool FuncObjFlatIla::pre(const InstrLvlAbsCnstPtr& src) {
   }
 
   // sequence - do we need to do this?
-  // AbsKnob::DuplInstrSeq(src, dst);
+  // absknob::DuplInstrSeq(src, dst);
 
   return false;
 }
diff --git a/src/ila-mngr/u_unroller.cc b/src/ila-mngr/u_unroller.cc
index cc7d47ba4..fd6fdb85f 100644
--- a/src/ila-mngr/u_unroller.cc
+++ b/src/ila-mngr/u_unroller.cc
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ void PathUnroll::DefineDepVar() {
   // collect the set of vars
   auto dep_var = ExprSet();
   for (auto it = seq_.begin(); it != seq_.end(); it++) {
-    AbsKnob::InsertStt(*it, dep_var);
+    absknob::InsertStt(*it, dep_var);
   }
   // update to the global set
   vars_.clear();
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ ZExpr MonoUnroll::MonoIncr(const InstrLvlAbsPtr& top, const int& length,
 
 void MonoUnroll::DefineDepVar() {
   vars_.clear();
-  auto dep_var = AbsKnob::GetSttTree(top_);
+  auto dep_var = absknob::GetSttTree(top_);
   // update global
   ILA_ASSERT(!dep_var.empty()) << "No state var found.";
   for (auto it = dep_var.begin(); it != dep_var.end(); it++) {
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ void MonoUnroll::Transition(const int& idx) {
   }
 
   // extract the set of insturctions
-  auto instr_set = AbsKnob::GetInstrTree(top_);
+  auto instr_set = absknob::GetInstrTree(top_);
 
   // create the set of selection bits
   std::vector<ExprPtr> sel_bits;
diff --git a/src/ila-mngr/u_unroller_smt.cc b/src/ila-mngr/u_unroller_smt.cc
index 5bdeff788..5f1010485 100644
--- a/src/ila-mngr/u_unroller_smt.cc
+++ b/src/ila-mngr/u_unroller_smt.cc
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ template class UnrollerSmt<SmtSwitchItf>;
 template <class Generator> void PathUnroller<Generator>::SetDecidingVars() {
   ExprSet unique_vars;
   for (const auto& instr : seq_) {
-    AbsKnob::InsertStt(instr, unique_vars);
+    absknob::InsertStt(instr, unique_vars);
   }
   // move to global order
   this->deciding_vars_.clear();
diff --git a/src/ila-mngr/v_eq_check_crr.cc b/src/ila-mngr/v_eq_check_crr.cc
index a980428b9..8e1a669de 100644
--- a/src/ila-mngr/v_eq_check_crr.cc
+++ b/src/ila-mngr/v_eq_check_crr.cc
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ void CommDiag::Init() {
     un.AddGlobPred(ref->flush());
   }
   // state vars of each ILA
-  stts_a_ = AbsKnob::GetSttTree(crr_->refine_a()->ila());
-  stts_b_ = AbsKnob::GetSttTree(crr_->refine_b()->ila());
+  stts_a_ = absknob::GetSttTree(crr_->refine_a()->ila());
+  stts_b_ = absknob::GetSttTree(crr_->refine_b()->ila());
 }
 
 CommDiag::Unroll& CommDiag::GetUnrl(const UID& uid) {
@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ bool CommDiag::IncEqCheck(const int& min, const int& max, const int& step) {
 
   const auto ma = crr_->refine_a()->coi(); // representative ILA
   const auto mb = crr_->refine_b()->coi();
-  const auto stts_a = AbsKnob::GetSttTree(ma); // used for marking
-  const auto stts_b = AbsKnob::GetSttTree(mb);
+  const auto stts_a = absknob::GetSttTree(ma); // used for marking
+  const auto stts_b = absknob::GetSttTree(mb);
 
   auto s = z3::solver(ctx_); // solver
   { // default basic condition (old/new/apply path & assm & prop)
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ bool CommDiag::SanityCheckRefinement(const RefPtr ref) {
   // check: /\s_n, a_n -> (a_n & f_o & eq_o_n)
   s.reset();
   auto appl_z3 = z3::expr_vector(ctx_);
-  auto appl_vars = AbsKnob::GetVar(a);
+  auto appl_vars = absknob::GetVar(a);
   for (auto it = appl_vars.begin(); it != appl_vars.end(); it++) {
     appl_z3.push_back(unroll_appl_.CurrState(*it, 0));
   }
@@ -550,11 +550,11 @@ bool CommDiag::SanityCheckRelation(const RelPtr rel, const InstrLvlAbsPtr& ma,
 
   ILA_NOT_NULL(rel);
   auto rel_expr = rel->get();
-  auto rel_vars = AbsKnob::GetVar(rel_expr);
+  auto rel_vars = absknob::GetVar(rel_expr);
 
   auto ref_vars = ExprSet();
-  AbsKnob::InsertStt(ma, ref_vars);
-  AbsKnob::InsertStt(mb, ref_vars);
+  absknob::InsertStt(ma, ref_vars);
+  absknob::InsertStt(mb, ref_vars);
 
   // check: rel_vars <= ref_vars
   for (auto it = rel_vars.begin(); it != rel_vars.end(); it++) {
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ z3::expr CommDiag::GetZ3ApplInstr(const ExprSet& stts, const RefPtr ref) {
 
 z3::expr CommDiag::GenInit(const RefPtr ref) {
   // default equivalence: state variables (not including inputs)
-  auto vars = AbsKnob::GetSttTree(ref->coi());
+  auto vars = absknob::GetSttTree(ref->coi());
   auto eq = ctx_.bool_val(true);
   for (auto it = vars.begin(); it != vars.end(); it++) {
     auto so = unroll_orig_.CurrState(*it, 0);
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ z3::expr CommDiag::UnrollFlush(MonoUnroll& unroller, const RefPtr ref,
   // unroll
   auto path = unroller.MonoAssn(ref->coi(), length, base);
 
-  auto vars = AbsKnob::GetStt(ref->coi());
+  auto vars = absknob::GetStt(ref->coi());
   auto mark = ctx_.bool_val(true);
   // mark complete step with representing state
   for (auto i = start; i <= base + length; i++) {
diff --git a/src/ila-mngr/v_refinement.cc b/src/ila-mngr/v_refinement.cc
index 9a1604505..fc8a683fd 100644
--- a/src/ila-mngr/v_refinement.cc
+++ b/src/ila-mngr/v_refinement.cc
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ void RefinementMap::set_tgt(const InstrLvlAbsPtr& tgt) {
 
 void RefinementMap::set_tgt(const InstrPtr& tgt) {
   ILA_ASSERT(tgt && tgt->host());
-  coi_ = AbsKnob::ExtrDeptModl(tgt, tgt->host()->name().str());
+  coi_ = absknob::ExtrDeptModl(tgt, tgt->host()->name().str());
 }
 
 void RefinementMap::set_appl(const ExprPtr& appl) {
diff --git a/src/ilang++.cc b/src/ilang++.cc
index 7a3f5aba8..6091c964e 100644
--- a/src/ilang++.cc
+++ b/src/ilang++.cc
@@ -584,8 +584,8 @@ void InstrRef::ExportToVerilog(std::ostream& fout) const {
 }
 
 void InstrRef::ExportToVerilogWithChild(std::ostream& fout) const {
-  auto dept_ila_ptr = AbsKnob::ExtrDeptModl(ptr_, ptr_->name().str() + "_ila_");
-  AbsKnob::FlattenIla(dept_ila_ptr);
+  auto dept_ila_ptr = absknob::ExtrDeptModl(ptr_, ptr_->name().str() + "_ila_");
+  absknob::FlattenIla(dept_ila_ptr);
 
   VerilogGenerator vgen(VerilogGenerator::VlgGenConfig(
       true)); // overwrite default configuration : memory is external
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ void Ila::ExportToVerilog(std::ostream& fout) const {
   vgen.DumpToFile(fout);
 }
 
-void Ila::FlattenHierarchy() { AbsKnob::FlattenIla(ptr_); }
+void Ila::FlattenHierarchy() { absknob::FlattenIla(ptr_); }
 
 bool Ila::ExecutePass(const std::vector<PassID>& passes) const {
   auto status = true;
diff --git a/src/target-sc/ilator.cc b/src/target-sc/ilator.cc
index 9996dc99e..69cb53275 100644
--- a/src/target-sc/ilator.cc
+++ b/src/target-sc/ilator.cc
@@ -77,8 +77,11 @@ void Ilator::Generate(const std::string& dst, bool opt) {
   auto status = true;
   ILA_INFO << "Start generating SystemC simulator of " << m_;
 
+  // non-instruction basics
+  status &= GenerateIlaBasics(os_portable_append_dir(dst, kDirSrc));
+
   // instruction semantics (decode and updates)
-  for (auto& instr : AbsKnob::GetInstrTree(m_)) {
+  for (auto& instr : absknob::GetInstrTree(m_)) {
     status &= GenerateInstrContent(instr, os_portable_append_dir(dst, kDirSrc));
   }
 
@@ -165,6 +168,38 @@ bool Ilator::Bootstrap(const std::string& root, bool opt) {
   return status;
 }
 
+bool Ilator::GenerateIlaBasics(const std::string& dir) {
+  StrBuff buff;
+
+  // include headers
+  fmt::format_to(buff, "#include <{}.h>\n", GetProjectName());
+
+  // generate valid func for each ILA
+  auto PerIla = [this, &buff](const InstrLvlAbsCnstPtr& m) {
+    ILA_NOT_NULL(m);
+    auto valid_expr = m->valid();
+    if (!valid_expr) {
+      valid_expr = asthub::BoolConst(true);
+      ILA_WARN << "Use default (true) valid for " << m;
+    }
+    auto valid_func = RegisterFunction(GetValidFuncName(m), valid_expr);
+    BeginFuncDef(valid_func, buff);
+    ExprVarMap lut;
+    ILA_CHECK(RenderExpr(valid_expr, buff, lut));
+    fmt::format_to(buff, "auto& {universal_name} = {local_name};\n",
+                   fmt::arg("universal_name", GetCxxName(valid_expr)),
+                   fmt::arg("local_name", LookUp(valid_expr, lut)));
+    EndFuncDef(valid_func, buff);
+  };
+
+  // traverse the hierarchy
+  m_->DepthFirstVisit(PerIla);
+
+  // record and write to file
+  CommitSource("all_valid_funcs_in_hier.cc", dir, buff);
+  return true;
+}
+
 bool Ilator::GenerateInstrContent(const InstrPtr& instr,
                                   const std::string& dir) {
   StrBuff buff;
@@ -387,7 +422,7 @@ bool Ilator::GenerateInitialSetup(const std::string& dir) {
 
   std::map<ExprPtr, uint64_t> init_values;
   auto model = solver.get_model();
-  auto refer_vars = AbsKnob::GetVar(init);
+  auto refer_vars = absknob::GetVar(init);
   for (const auto& var : refer_vars) {
     auto var_value = model.eval(gen.GetExpr(var));
     try {
@@ -459,21 +494,22 @@ bool Ilator::GenerateExecuteKernel(const std::string& dir) {
   auto ExecInstr = [this, &buff](const InstrPtr& instr, bool child) {
     fmt::format_to(
         buff,
-        "if ({decode_func_name}()) {{\n"
+        "if ({valid_func_name}() && {decode_func_name}()) {{\n"
         "  {update_func_name}();\n"
         "  {child_counter}"
         "#ifdef ILATOR_VERBOSE\n"
         "  LogInstrSequence(\"{instr_name}\");\n"
         "#endif\n"
         "}}\n",
+        fmt::arg("valid_func_name", GetValidFuncName(instr->host())),
         fmt::arg("decode_func_name", GetDecodeFuncName(instr)),
         fmt::arg("update_func_name", GetUpdateFuncName(instr)),
         fmt::arg("child_counter", (child ? "schedule_counter++;\n" : "")),
         fmt::arg("instr_name", instr->name().str()));
   };
 
-  auto top_instrs = AbsKnob::GetInstr(m_);
-  auto all_instrs = AbsKnob::GetInstrTree(m_);
+  auto top_instrs = absknob::GetInstr(m_);
+  auto all_instrs = absknob::GetInstrTree(m_);
 
   // top-level instr
   for (auto& instr : top_instrs) {
@@ -518,7 +554,7 @@ bool Ilator::GenerateGlobalHeader(const std::string& dir) {
                  fmt::arg("project", GetProjectName()));
 
   // input
-  for (auto& var : AbsKnob::GetInp(m_)) {
+  for (auto& var : absknob::GetInp(m_)) {
     fmt::format_to(buff,
                    "  sc_in<{var_type}> {var_name}_in;\n"
                    "  {var_type} {var_name};\n",
@@ -527,7 +563,7 @@ bool Ilator::GenerateGlobalHeader(const std::string& dir) {
   }
 
   // state and global vars (e.g., CONCAT)
-  for (auto& var : AbsKnob::GetSttTree(m_)) {
+  for (auto& var : absknob::GetSttTree(m_)) {
     fmt::format_to(buff, "  {var_type} {var_name};\n",
                    fmt::arg("var_type", GetCxxType(var)),
                    fmt::arg("var_name", GetCxxName(var)));
@@ -563,7 +599,7 @@ bool Ilator::GenerateGlobalHeader(const std::string& dir) {
                  "    SC_METHOD(compute);\n"
                  "    sensitive",
                  fmt::arg("project", GetProjectName()));
-  for (auto& var : AbsKnob::GetInp(m_)) {
+  for (auto& var : absknob::GetInp(m_)) {
     fmt::format_to(buff, " << {input_name}_in",
                    fmt::arg("input_name", GetCxxName(var)));
   }
@@ -784,6 +820,10 @@ std::string Ilator::GetCxxName(const ExprPtr& expr) {
   }
 }
 
+std::string Ilator::GetValidFuncName(const InstrLvlAbsCnstPtr& m) {
+  return fmt::format("valid_{host}", fmt::arg("host", m->name().str()));
+}
+
 std::string Ilator::GetDecodeFuncName(const InstrPtr& instr) {
   return fmt::format("decode_{host}_{instr}",
                      fmt::arg("host", instr->host()->name().str()),
diff --git a/test/t_case_aes_eq.cc b/test/t_case_aes_eq.cc
index 011591798..4a380d313 100644
--- a/test/t_case_aes_eq.cc
+++ b/test/t_case_aes_eq.cc
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ TEST(TestCase, AES_V_C_EQ) {
     ref->set_flush(asthub::Not(has_instr));
 
     // ready
-    auto instrs = AbsKnob::GetInstrTree(ila);
+    auto instrs = absknob::GetInstrTree(ila);
     auto ready = asthub::BoolConst(true);
     for (auto it = instrs.begin(); it != instrs.end(); it++) {
       auto instr = *it;
diff --git a/test/t_copy.cc b/test/t_copy.cc
index a40544fbf..9276f4180 100644
--- a/test/t_copy.cc
+++ b/test/t_copy.cc
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ void Copy(const std::string& dir, const std::string& file, bool check = true) {
   auto ila_file = os_portable_append_dir(file_dir, file);
   auto ila = ImportIlaPortable(ila_file).get();
 
-  auto copy = AbsKnob::CopyIlaTree(ila, "copied");
+  auto copy = absknob::CopyIlaTree(ila, "copied");
 
   if (check) {
     Check(ila, copy);
diff --git a/test/t_eq_check.cc b/test/t_eq_check.cc
index 41c1ebc18..4988e861a 100644
--- a/test/t_eq_check.cc
+++ b/test/t_eq_check.cc
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ RefPtr TestEqCheck::GetRefine(const InstrLvlAbsPtr top, const int& instr_idx,
   // flush
   ref->set_flush(Not(top->input("start")));
   // complete
-  auto instrs = AbsKnob::GetInstrTree(top);
+  auto instrs = absknob::GetInstrTree(top);
   auto cmpl = BoolConst(true);
   for (auto it = instrs.begin(); it != instrs.end(); it++) {
     auto instr = *it;
diff --git a/test/t_mngr_absknob.cc b/test/t_mngr_absknob.cc
index 0ce7c7fbc..7ca9f71cc 100644
--- a/test/t_mngr_absknob.cc
+++ b/test/t_mngr_absknob.cc
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /// \file
-/// Tests for ILA manager utility - AbsKnob
+/// Tests for ILA manager utility -absknob
 
 #include <ilang/ilang++.h>
 
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 namespace ilang {
 
-TEST(TestMngrAbsKnob, FlattenIla) {
+TEST(TestMngrabsknob, FlattenIla) {
   // parent
   auto m = Ila("parent");
   auto x = m.NewBvState("x", 8);
diff --git a/test/t_verilog_gen.cc b/test/t_verilog_gen.cc
index 6279f45f2..251ecd007 100644
--- a/test/t_verilog_gen.cc
+++ b/test/t_verilog_gen.cc
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ class TestVerilogGen : public ::testing::Test {
 
   void FlattenIla(const InstrLvlAbsPtr& ila) {
     for (auto i = 0; i < ila->instr_num(); i++) {
-      auto dep_ila = AbsKnob::ExtrDeptModl(ila->instr(i), "Flatten");
-      AbsKnob::FlattenIla(dep_ila);
+      auto dep_ila = absknob::ExtrDeptModl(ila->instr(i), "Flatten");
+      absknob::FlattenIla(dep_ila);
 
       auto vgen = VerilogGenerator();
       vgen.ExportIla(dep_ila);