[Feature] Static constants for scalar types

[collinc97]

🚀 Feature

For scalar types: signed and unsigned integers, fields, groups.

Add support for the following methods:

• min - the smallest value that can be represented by this type
• max - the largest value that can be represented by this type
• bits - the size of this type in bits

Motivation

Initially proposed by @damirka here
These methods will be easy to implement after #705 and add great convenience to the developer experience.

Implementation

Proposed syntax 1

Static function methods added to the types.

let a = u8::min();
let b = u8::max();
let c = u8::bits();

Proposed syntax 2

Non-static function methods added to the types.

let a = u8.min();
let b = u8.max();
let c = u8.bits();

We can discuss additional proposed syntaxes below.

[acoglio]

I vote for proposal 1 because so we maintain the currently true fact that

• :: is preceded by a type
• . is preceded by an expression

[acoglio]

I guess another option could be something like

u8::MIN
u8::MAX
u8::BITS

(or their lowercase counterparts) if we independently decide to add static member variables to circuit and other types. These would be constants in this case.

[gluax]

Blocked by #975.