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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="" xml:lang="">
<head>
<title>The Effect of Streaming Chats on Political Misperceptions</title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="author" content="Tiago Ventura | Center for Social Media and Politics | NYU" />
<script src="libs/header-attrs/header-attrs.js"></script>
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<textarea id="source">
class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide
.title[
# The Effect of Streaming Chats on Political Misperceptions
]
.author[
### Tiago Ventura | Center for Social Media and Politics | NYU
]
.date[
### <span style="font-size: 70%;"> Big Data for Development and Governance, 10/21/2022 </span> <br><br> <span style="font-size: 70%; font-style: italic"> Joint work with Kevin Munger, Katherine McCabe, Victory Asbury and Keng-Chi Chang </span>
]
---
class:middle
### Summary of the Talk
--
<svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z"></path></svg> **Streaming chats (e.g Facebook Lives, Twitch...) accentuate misperceptions about mass public opinion**
- Streaming chats are a representation of what social media is:
- information consumption + audience engagement + contextual cues
--
<svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z"></path></svg> **Online Field Experiment + Comments Data from Facebook**
- Experiment: Vary platform where users watch Democrats primary debate
- Social Media Data: Scrapped comments from Facebook lives.
--
<svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" style="height:1em;position:relative;display:inline-block;top:.1em;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248zm-448 0c0-110.5 89.5-200 200-200s200 89.5 200 200-89.5 200-200 200S56 366.5 56 256zm72 20v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h116v-67c0-10.7 12.9-16 20.5-8.5l99 99c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-99 99c-7.6 7.6-20.5 2.2-20.5-8.5v-67H140c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12z"></path></svg> **Main results - Comments accentuate misperceptions:**
- Lower feeling thermometer to certain candidates subject to toxic, negative comments.
- Distort inferences about candidate viability.
---
class:middle
## Streaming Chats
--
**Video Feed + Social Chat: All in one screen.**
--
Popular among the younger generations.
- Twitch (Amazon)
- YouTube/YouTube Gaming (Google)
- Mixer (Microsoft)
- Facebook Lives
--
---
## Political Debates
---
### Bolsonaro's Facebook Lives
<img src="./figs/bolso.png" width="100%" />
---
class:middle
### Research Design
**We combine a large scale ''field" experiment" with data scrapped from Facebook streaming chats.**
--
**Three main experimental conditions**
- Control (standard NBC broadcast)
- Expert chat (538 website)
- Streaming chat (Facebook)
--
.red[To complement our analysis, we scrapped the comments from Facebook Lives ]
--
---
### Treatment Arms
.pull-left[]
.pull-right[]
.center[
<img src="./figs/screenshot-abc.png" width="60%" />
]
---
class: center, middle, inverse
## Understanding comments on streaming chats.
---
### High Frequency
.center[
<img src="./figs/freq-bind.png" width="80%" />
]
---
### Much more toxic:
.center[
<img src="./figs/proportion_toxicity.png" width="80%" />
].footnote[Deep Learning Models from Google Perspective API]
---
### Contains Mostly Negative Primes
.center[
<img src="./figs/topics_3by_cand.png" width="80%" />
]
---
### Mostly Negative Polarity About the Candidates
.center[
<img src="./figs/polarity_candidates.png" width="80%" />
]
---
class:inverse, middle, center
## Experimental Results
---
### Subjective Well-Being
.center[
Facebook chat somewhat less informative, enjoyable, and engaging
<img src="./figs/frequencyplot.png" width="80%" />
]
---
### Feeling Thermomethers about the Candidates
<img src="./figs/ftplot.png" width="80%" />
---
### Content Effect
.center[
<img src="./figs/ft_on_negative_comments.png" width="80%" />
]
---
### Poll Performance
<img src="./figs/pollplot.png" width="80%" />
---
### Context Effect
.center[
<img src="./figs/polls_on_positive_comments.png" width="80%" />
]
---
## Results
**Main Findings**:
- Creates worse viewing experience.
- Affects perceptions:
- Disproportionately negatively affect certain candidates subject to toxic, negative comments.
- Distort inferences about candidate viability.
---
## Next steps: contextual cues and majority illusion.
.pull-left[
<img src="./figs/tweet.png" width="100%" />
]
.pull-right[
<img src="./figs/qttweet.png" width="100%" />
]
---
class:center, middle, inverse
# Thank you!
</textarea>
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