Phonetics.md

Phonetics

Consonants

Symbol	Phoneme (IPA)	Accepted allophones (IPA)	Anglicized (main cases)
3	/mi/	—	"me" as in "me"
w	/w/	[w]	"w" as in "water"
n	/n/	[n~ɳ]	"n" as in "no"
m	/m/	[m~ɱ]	"m" as in "mean"
r	/ɾ/	[ɹ~ɻ~ɾ~ɽ~r]	"r" as in "read"
p	/p/	[p]	"p" as in "please"
b	/b/	[b]	"b" as in "be"
x	/θ/	[θ]	"th" as in "think"
c	/ʃ/	[ʃ~ʂ~ɕ~ꞎ]	"sh" as in "she"
t	/t/	[t]	"t" as in "tea"
d	/d/	[d~ɖ]	"d" as in "do"
k	/k/	[k~q]	"k" as in "keep"
g	/g/	[g~ɢ]	"g" as on "go"
s	/s/	[s]	"s" as in "so"
l	/l/	[l~ɭ]	"l" as in "low"
h	/h/	[h~ɦ]	"h" as in "help"
f	/ɸ/	[f~ɸ]	"f" as in "find"
j	/j/	[j~ʎ]	"y" as in "yes"
q	/ʒ/	[ʐ~ʒ~ʑ~ʤ]	"s" as in "vision" "j" as in "jump"
z	/ð/	[ð]	"th as in "then"
v	/β/	[β~ʋ~v]	"v" as in "vote"

Classification table for consonants:

Consonantal phonemes:

An empty cell denotes that the phoneme is not present in te linwa kumi.

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal	Labiovelar
Plosive	${\color{#CC33CC}p}$, ${\color{#856256}b}$		${\color{#7F4F78}t}$, ${\color{#3C1E46}d}$			${\color{#87633A}k}$, ${\color{#FF7034}g}$
Nasal	${\color{#0000FF}m}$		${\color{#008000}n}$
Tap or flap			${\color{#EA871E}ɾ}$
Fricative	${\color{#99E6B3}ɸ}$, ${\color{#AB73E7}β}$	${\color{#F0D731}θ}$, ${\color{#BEE64B}ð}$	${\color{#D5AB85}s}$	${\color{#A040C6}ʃ}$, ${\color{#D8A1C4}ʒ}$			${\color{#4682B4}h}$
Approximant			${\color{#008080}l}$		${\color{#19CBDC}j}$			${\color{#FF0000}w}$

Consonantal allophones:

An empty cell denotes that the sound does not exist or does not have an IPA glyph in the latest (2015) published standard IPA chart, whereas an em dash (—) denotes that although the symbol for the sound does exist in the latest published standard IPA chart, there is no glyph that represents it in te linwa kumi.

	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Paryngeal	Glottal	Labiovelar
Plosive	${\color{#CC33CC}p}$, ${\color{#856256}b}$			${\color{#7F4F78}t}$, ${\color{#3C1E46}d}$		${\color{#3C1E46}ɖ}$	—	${\color{#87633A}k}$, ${\color{#FF7034}g}$	${\color{#87633A}q}$, ${\color{#FF7034}ɢ}$		—
Nasal	${\color{blue}m}$	${\color{blue}ɱ}$		${\color{green}n}$		${\color{green}ɳ}$	—	—	—
Trill	—			${\color{#EA871E}r}$					—
Tap or flap		—		${\color{#EA871E}ɾ}$		${\color{#EA871E}ɽ}$
Affricate	—	—	—	—	—	${\color{#D8A1C4}ʤ}$	—	—	—	—	—
Fricative	${\color{#99E6B3}ɸ}$, ${\color{#AB73E7}β}$	${\color{#99E6B3}f}$, ${\color{#AB73E7}v}$	${\color{#F0D731}θ}$, ${\color{#BEE64B}ð}$	${\color{#D5AB85}s}$	${\color{#A040C6}ʃ}$, ${\color{#D8A1C4}ʒ}$	${\color{#A040C6}ʂ}$, ${\color{#D8A1C4}ʐ}$	${\color{#A040C6}ɕ}$, ${\color{#D8A1C4}ʑ}$	—	—	—	${\color{#4682B4}h}$, ${\color{#4682B4}ɦ}$	—
Lateral fricative				${\color{#A040C6}ꞎ}$
Approximant		${\color{#AB73E7}ʋ}$		${\color{#EA871E}ɹ}$		${\color{#EA871E}ɻ}$	${\color{#19CBDC}j}$	—			—	${\color{red}w}$
Lateral approximant				${\color{#008080}l}$		${\color{#008080}ɭ}$	${\color{#19CBDC}ʎ}$	—

Vowels

Symbol	Phoneme (IPA)	Accepted allophones (IPA)	Anglicized (main case)
o	/ɔ/	mainly [ɒ~ɔ~ɵ~o] sometimes [ə]	"oh"
e	/ε/	mainly [ε~e~ɪ] sometimes [æ]	"eh"
i	/i/	[i~i:~ɪ]	"ee"
u	/u/	[u~u:] exceptionally [ʊ]	"oo"
a	/ɑ/	mainly [ɑ~ʌ~ä~a] sometimes [æ] exceptionally [ə]	"ah"

Syllable Structure

(C signifies Consonant, V signifies Vowel, N signifies Nasal consonant (/n/, /ŋ/ , /m/ etc.), Round brackets/parentheses — () — indicate that what they're enclosing is optional and can thus either be there or not)

• (C)V(N) for the first syllable of any and all morphemes, CV(N) for the rest of syllables
• Stress should always be placed on the 2nd-to-last syllable