diff --git a/lib/templates.php b/lib/templates.php
index d99d146e9eff4..1b79c5410cabb 100644
--- a/lib/templates.php
+++ b/lib/templates.php
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ function filter_rest_wp_template_collection_params( $query_params ) {
 apply_filters( 'rest_wp_template_collection_params', 'filter_rest_wp_template_collection_params', 99, 1 );
 
 /**
- * Filter for supporting the `resolved` parameter in `wp_template` queries.
+ * Filter for supporting the `resolved` and `theme` parameter in `wp_template` queries.
  *
  * @param array           $args    The query arguments.
  * @param WP_REST_Request $request The request object.
@@ -350,6 +350,17 @@ function filter_rest_wp_template_query( $args, $request ) {
 		$args['post_status'] = array( 'publish', 'auto-draft' );
 	}
 
+	if ( $request['theme'] ) {
+		$tax_query   = isset( $args['tax_query'] ) ? $args['tax_query'] : array();
+		$tax_query[] = array(
+			'taxonomy' => 'wp_theme',
+			'field'    => 'slug',
+			'terms'    => $request['theme'],
+		);
+
+		$args['tax_query'] = $tax_query;
+	}
+
 	return $args;
 }
 add_filter( 'rest_wp_template_query', 'filter_rest_wp_template_query', 99, 2 );
diff --git a/packages/edit-site/src/components/navigation-sidebar/navigation-panel/menus/template-parts.js b/packages/edit-site/src/components/navigation-sidebar/navigation-panel/menus/template-parts.js
index ad597671aba41..61305d045d041 100644
--- a/packages/edit-site/src/components/navigation-sidebar/navigation-panel/menus/template-parts.js
+++ b/packages/edit-site/src/components/navigation-sidebar/navigation-panel/menus/template-parts.js
@@ -21,15 +21,13 @@ import { MENU_ROOT, MENU_TEMPLATE_PARTS } from '../constants';
 
 export default function TemplatePartsMenu() {
 	const templateParts = useSelect( ( select ) => {
-		const unfilteredTemplateParts =
+		const theme = select( 'core' ).getCurrentTheme()?.stylesheet;
+		return (
 			select( 'core' ).getEntityRecords( 'postType', 'wp_template_part', {
 				status: [ 'publish', 'auto-draft' ],
 				per_page: -1,
-			} ) || [];
-		const currentTheme = select( 'core' ).getCurrentTheme()?.stylesheet;
-		return unfilteredTemplateParts.filter(
-			( item ) =>
-				item.status === 'publish' || item.wp_theme_slug === currentTheme
+				theme,
+			} ) || []
 		);
 	}, [] );
 
diff --git a/packages/edit-site/src/components/navigation-sidebar/navigation-panel/menus/templates.js b/packages/edit-site/src/components/navigation-sidebar/navigation-panel/menus/templates.js
index f1f188b6d7a3b..77a331c847d3c 100644
--- a/packages/edit-site/src/components/navigation-sidebar/navigation-panel/menus/templates.js
+++ b/packages/edit-site/src/components/navigation-sidebar/navigation-panel/menus/templates.js
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ import NewTemplateDropdown from '../new-template-dropdown';
 import TemplateNavigationItem from '../template-navigation-item';
 
 export default function TemplatesMenu() {
-	const templates = useSelect(
-		( select ) =>
-			select( 'core' ).getEntityRecords( 'postType', 'wp_template', {
-				status: TEMPLATES_STATUSES,
-				per_page: -1,
-			} ),
-		[]
-	);
+	const templates = useSelect( ( select ) => {
+		const theme = select( 'core' ).getCurrentTheme()?.stylesheet;
+		return select( 'core' ).getEntityRecords( 'postType', 'wp_template', {
+			status: TEMPLATES_STATUSES,
+			per_page: -1,
+			theme,
+		} );
+	}, [] );
 
 	const generalTemplates = templates?.filter( ( { slug } ) =>
 		TEMPLATES_GENERAL.includes( slug )
diff --git a/packages/edit-site/src/components/navigation-sidebar/navigation-panel/new-template-dropdown.js b/packages/edit-site/src/components/navigation-sidebar/navigation-panel/new-template-dropdown.js
index 88903d2d2d40c..151c13161e017 100644
--- a/packages/edit-site/src/components/navigation-sidebar/navigation-panel/new-template-dropdown.js
+++ b/packages/edit-site/src/components/navigation-sidebar/navigation-panel/new-template-dropdown.js
@@ -24,17 +24,18 @@ import { TEMPLATES_STATUSES } from './constants';
 
 export default function NewTemplateDropdown() {
 	const { defaultTemplateTypes, templates } = useSelect( ( select ) => {
+		const theme = select( 'core' ).getCurrentTheme()?.stylesheet;
 		const {
 			__experimentalGetDefaultTemplateTypes: getDefaultTemplateTypes,
 		} = select( 'core/editor' );
-		const templateEntities = select( 'core' ).getEntityRecords(
+		const _templates = select( 'core' ).getEntityRecords(
 			'postType',
 			'wp_template',
-			{ status: TEMPLATES_STATUSES, per_page: -1 }
+			{ status: TEMPLATES_STATUSES, per_page: -1, theme }
 		);
 		return {
 			defaultTemplateTypes: getDefaultTemplateTypes(),
-			templates: templateEntities,
+			templates: _templates,
 		};
 	}, [] );
 	const { addTemplate } = useDispatch( 'core/edit-site' );