diff --git a/examples/nlp/gpt/conf/gpt_reinforce_actor.yaml b/examples/nlp/gpt/conf/gpt_reinforce_actor.yaml
index 40ec9c54d..3fb6b5011 100644
--- a/examples/nlp/gpt/conf/gpt_reinforce_actor.yaml
+++ b/examples/nlp/gpt/conf/gpt_reinforce_actor.yaml
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ trainer:
   precision: bf16
 
   reinforce:
+    rpo_metric: "sq_loo" # sq_loss or bwd_kl
+    gt_reward_scale: 1. # the scale of the RM's GT rewards
+
     # How many steps we train warmup the critic for (without training the policy)
     # this may help prevent the critic loss from hockey sticking since
     # the critic is initialized from the reward model and may not be initially
diff --git a/nemo_aligner/algorithms/reinforce.py b/nemo_aligner/algorithms/reinforce.py
index bf9e6900b..257cbb738 100644
--- a/nemo_aligner/algorithms/reinforce.py
+++ b/nemo_aligner/algorithms/reinforce.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 from nemo_aligner.utils.parallel_state import is_trt_llm_reshard, trt_llm_reshard_region
 from nemo_aligner.utils.ppo_utils import (
     calculate_rloo_baseline,
+    calculate_rewards_logprobs,
     calculate_kl_penalty,
     create_mask,
 )
@@ -362,17 +363,34 @@ def _run_inference(self, dataloader_builder, consumed_samples, is_validation):
             init_policy_kl = masked_mean(init_policy_kl, mask, dim=-1)
 
             # Calculate RLOO baseline
-            rewards_with_kl = balanced_local_batch["rewards"] - self.cfg.initial_policy_kl_penalty * init_policy_kl
-            baseline, baseline_std = calculate_rloo_baseline(
-                prompts=balanced_local_batch["prompt_tokens"],
-                reward=rewards_with_kl,
-                mask=balanced_local_batch["is_end"].float(),
-                normalize_variance=self.cfg.normalize_variance
-            )
+            if self.cfg.rpo_metric == "sq_loo":
+                rewards_with_kl = balanced_local_batch["rewards"] - self.cfg.initial_policy_kl_penalty * init_policy_kl
+                baseline, baseline_std = calculate_rloo_baseline(
+                    prompts=balanced_local_batch["prompt_tokens"],
+                    reward=rewards_with_kl,
+                    mask=balanced_local_batch["is_end"].float(),
+                    normalize_variance=self.cfg.normalize_variance
+                )
+
+                if self.cfg.normalize_variance:
+                    rewards_with_kl /= baseline_std
+                    baseline /= baseline_std
+            elif self.cfg.rpo_metric == "bwd_kl":
+                logprobs_gt_rewards = calculate_rewards_logprobs(
+                    prompts=balanced_local_batch["prompt_tokens"],
+                    reward=self.cfg.gt_reward_scale * balanced_local_batch["rewards"],
+                    mask=balanced_local_batch["is_end"].float(),
+                )
+                logprobs_predicted_rewards = calculate_rewards_logprobs(
+                    prompts=balanced_local_batch["prompt_tokens"],
+                    reward=self.cfg.initial_policy_kl_penalty * init_policy_kl,
+                    mask=balanced_local_batch["is_end"].float(),
+                )
 
-            if self.cfg.normalize_variance:
-                rewards_with_kl /= baseline_std
-                baseline /= baseline_std
+                rewards_with_kl = logprobs_gt_rewards
+                baseline = logprobs_predicted_rewards
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"The rpo_metric = {self.cfg.rpo_metric} is not supported")
 
             balanced_local_batch["rewards_with_kl"] = rewards_with_kl
             balanced_local_batch["baseline"] = baseline
diff --git a/nemo_aligner/utils/ppo_utils.py b/nemo_aligner/utils/ppo_utils.py
index 38fb36062..b847b7b00 100644
--- a/nemo_aligner/utils/ppo_utils.py
+++ b/nemo_aligner/utils/ppo_utils.py
@@ -121,4 +121,25 @@ def calculate_rloo_baseline(prompts, reward, mask, normalize_variance):
                 baseline_std[prompt_idx] = loo_std + 1e-3
                 print(loo_std.shape, baseline_std)
             
-    return baseline, baseline_std
\ No newline at end of file
+    return baseline, baseline_std
+
+
+def calculate_rewards_logprobs(prompts, reward, mask):
+    '''
+    For each prompt and its corresponding rewards r1, r2, ..., rk. 
+    Compute the log probs of the rewards: log (exp(ri) / (exp(r1) + ... + exp(rk))).
+    '''
+    unique_prompts = torch.unique(prompts, dim=0)
+
+    logprobs = torch.zeros_like(reward)
+    reward_device = reward.get_device()
+    for i in range(len(unique_prompts)):
+        is_matching_prompt = (prompts == unique_prompts[i]).all(1)
+        prompt_idx = torch.arange(len(prompts), device=reward_device)[is_matching_prompt]
+
+        if mask[prompt_idx].sum() <= 1:
+            logprobs[prompt_idx] = torch.ones_like(reward[prompt_idx])
+        else:
+            logprobs[prompt_idx] = torch.nn.functional.log_softmax(reward[prompt_idx] * mask[prompt_idx], dim=0)
+            
+    return logprobs