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+---
+name: aria-controls for scrollbar references existing element
+rule_type: atomic
+
+description: |
+   This rule checks that each `aria-controls` property on an element with the role `scrollbar` references at least one existing element.
+   
+success_criterion:
+- 1.3.1 # Info and Relationships
+
+test_aspects:
+- DOM Tree
+- CSS Styling
+
+authors:
+- Wilco Fiers
+- Anne Thyme Nørregaard
+---
+
+## Test procedure
+
+### Applicability
+
+Any `aria-controls` property that
+- is specified on an HTML or SVG element that has the role of `scrollbar` and is [included in the accessibility tree](#included-in-the-accessibility-tree) or is [focusable](#focusable),
+- has a value that is not the empty string ("").
+
+**Note:** `aria-controls` is a [WAI-ARIA required property](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#requiredState) for the role `scrollbar`.
+
+### Expectation 1
+
+Each test target has a value that is a list of one or more `id` references.
+
+**Note:** [ID reference](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#valuetype_idref_list) is the [value type](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#propcharacteristic_value) specified for the property `aria-controls`.
+
+### Expectation 2
+
+At least one of the `id`s referenced by the test target is specified on an HTML or SVG element that exists in the same [document tree](https://www.w3.org/TR/dom41/#document-trees) or [shadow tree](https://www.w3.org/TR/dom41/#shadow-trees) as the element that specifies the target attribute. 
+
+## Assumptions
+
+_There are currently no assumptions for this rule._
+
+## Accessibility Support
+
+_There are no major accessibility support issues known for this rule._
+
+## Background
+
+- [Understanding Success Criterion 1.3.1: Info and Relationships](https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/Understanding/info-and-relationships.html)
+- [WAI-ARIA 1.1, Definitions of States and Properties](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.1/#state_prop_def)
+- [WAI-ARIA 1.1, Characteristics of States and Properties, Value](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/#propcharacteristic_value)
+
+## Test Cases
+
+### Passed
+
+#### Passed example 1
+
+`aria-controls` on the element with role `scrollbar` has `id` references to multiple elements that exist in the same document tree.
+
+```html
+<div id="content1">Lorem ipsum...</div>
+<div id="content2">Lorem ipsum...</div>
+<div role="scrollbar" aria-controls="content1 content2" aria-orientation="vertical" aria-valuemax="100" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuenow="25"></div>
+```
+
+#### Passed example 2
+
+`aria-controls` on the element with role `scrollbar` has one valid `id` reference to an element that exist in the same document tree.
+
+```html
+<div id="content1">Lorem ipsum...</div>
+<div role="scrollbar" aria-controls="content1" aria-orientation="vertical" aria-valuemax="100" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuenow="25"></div>
+```
+
+#### Passed example 3
+
+`aria-controls` on the element with role `scrollbar` has multiple `id` references, whereof one is to an element that exist in the same document tree.
+
+```html
+<div id="content1">Lorem ipsum...</div>
+<div role="scrollbar" aria-controls="content1 content2" aria-orientation="vertical" aria-valuemax="100" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuenow="25"></div>
+```
+
+### Failed
+
+#### Failed example 1
+
+`aria-controls` on the element with role `scrollbar` does not have any `id` references.
+
+```html
+<div role="scrollbar" aria-controls="*" aria-orientation="vertical" aria-valuemax="100" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuenow="25"></div>
+```
+
+#### Failed example 2
+
+`aria-controls` on the element with role `scrollbar` does not have at least one `id` reference to an element that exist in the same document tree.
+
+```html
+<div role="scrollbar" aria-controls="content1" aria-orientation="vertical" aria-valuemax="100" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuenow="25"></div>
+```
+
+### Inapplicable
+
+#### Inapplicable example 1
+
+The element is not an HTML or SVG element.
+
+ ```html
+  <math aria-controls="id1"></math>
+```
+
+#### Inapplicable example 2
+
+The element is not included in the accessibility tree, nor is it focusable.
+
+```html
+<div  aria-hidden="true" role="scrollbar" aria-controls="content1" aria-orientation="vertical" aria-valuemax="100" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuenow="25"></div>
+```
+
+#### Inapplicable example 3
+
+The `aria-controls` has a value that is the empty string ("").
+
+```html
+<div role="scrollbar" aria-controls="" aria-orientation="vertical" aria-valuemax="100" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuenow="25"></div>
+```