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Hacking Zrythm

Code Structure

.
├── AUTHORS                           # Author information
├── CHANGELOG.md                      # Changelog
├── CONTRIBUTING.md                   # Contributing guidelines
├── CONTRIBUTOR_CERTIFICATE_OF_ORIGIN # Certificate for contributing
├── COPYING                           # Main license
├── COPYING.*                         # Other licenses
├── INSTALL.rst                       # Installation instructions
├── PACKAGING.md                      # Information for packagers
├── README.md                         # Main README file
├── THANKS                            # Thanks notice
├── TRADEMARKS.md                     # Trademark policy
├── TRANSLATORS                       # List of translators
├── VERSION                           # Version file
├── build                             # temporary build dir
├── data                              # Data files to be installed
│   ├── css-themes                    # UI CSS themes
│   ├── fonts                         # Fonts
│   ├── gtksourceview-*.xml           # GtkSourceView themes
│   ├── icon-themes                   # Icon themes
│   ├── org.zrythm.Zrythm-mime.xml    # Custom MIME types
│   ├── samples                       # Audio samples
│   ├── scripts                       # Built-in Guile scripts
│   ├── windows                       # Files used on windows builds
│   ├── zrythm.desktop.in             # Desktop file
│   ├── zrythm_launch.in              # Launcher script
│   └── zrythm_*.in                   # Other scripts
├── doc                               # Documentation
│   ├── dev                           # Developer docs
│   ├── man                           # Manpage
│   └── user                          # User manual
├── ext                               # External libs
│   ├── midilib                       # MIDI file serialization
│   ├── nanovg                        # OpenGL drawing
│   ├── sh-manpage-completions        # Shell completion generator
│   ├── weakjack                      # Weakly-linked JACK
│   ├── whereami                      # Get executable path
│   ├── zita-resampler                # Real-time resampler
│   └── zix                           # Data struct utils
├── git-packaging-hooks               # Git hooks for packaging
├── inc                               # Include dir
│   ├── actions                       # Actions (undo, quit, etc.)
│   ├── audio                         # Audio-related headers
│   ├── gui                           # Gui-related headers
│   │   ├── backend                   # Backend for serialization
│   │   └── widgets                   # Gui widgets
│   ├── guile                         # Guile scripting interface
│   ├── plugins                       # Plugin handling
│   │   ├── carla                     # Carla plugin handling
│   │   └── lv2                       # LV2 plugin handling
│   ├── schemas                       # Struct schema history
│   ├── settings                      # Settings
│   ├── utils                         # Various utils
│   └── zrythm.h                      # Main zrythm struct
├── meson.build                       # Meson conf
├── meson.options                     # Meson options
├── po                                # I18n
├── resources                         # Bundled resources
│   ├── gl                            # OpenGL
│   │   └── shaders                   # Shaders
│   ├── gtk                           # Standard GTK resources
│   ├── icons                         # Icons
│   ├── theme                         # Parent GTK theme
│   └── ui                            # GTK ui files for widgets
├── scripts                           # Various scripts
├── src                               # Source (.c) counterparts of inc
├── subprojects                       # Subprojects to auto-fetch if some dependencies are not found
├── tests                             # Unit & integration tests
│   └── helpers                       # Test helpers
└── tools                             # Various tools

Debugging

After installing Zrythm once, for example in ~/.local, use

G_MESSAGES_DEBUG=zrythm G_DEBUG=fatal_criticals GSETTINGS_SCHEMA_DIR=~/.local/share/glib-2.0/schemas GDK_SYNCHRONIZE=1 ZRYTHM_DEBUG=1 gdb -ex "handle SIG32 noprint nostop" -ex run --args build/src/zrythm

Command-line options can be passed at the end. For example,

... -ex run --args build/src/zrythm --dummy
  • G_MESSAGES_DEBUG=zrythm will enable debug messages.
  • G_DEBUG=fatal_criticals will trigger breakpoints at critical messages. fatal_warnings is similar and also includes warnings.
  • GSETTINGS_SCHEMA_DIR specifies the path to look for GSettings schemas. Zrythm will install its schema under share/glib-2.0/schemas in the install prefix.
  • GDK_SYNCHRONIZE=1 will make all X requests synchronously, which can be useful for UI debugging, but it will slow down performance.
  • ZRYTHM_DEBUG=1 behaves like a "developer mode" - it shows more debug info in various elements in the UI.

An easy way to test something is to add a G_BREAKPOINT ();.

Below is a GDB cheatsheet. For more information about using GDB, see man gdb.

  • r: run the program
  • c: continue execution
  • q: quit
  • bt: print backtrace
  • up: go up in the call stack
  • down: go down in the call stack
  • p myvar: print variable myvar
  • call (void) myfunc (arg1, arg2): call function myfunc, which takes in 2 arguments and returns void

For more information on warnings and assertions see https://developer.gnome.org/glib/stable/glib-Warnings-and-Assertions.html.

Also see Running GLib Applications.

We suggest building with -Dextra_debug_info which essentially adds -g3 to the CFLAGS. This allows use of C macros in gdb so you can do p TRACKLIST instead of p zrythm->project->tracklist. This may slow down gdb on some systems.

Use MALLOC_CHECK_=3 to enforce additional checks when allocating memory. This is used during tests. See man malloc for details.

Verifying Compiler Flags

Zrythm is built with -frecord-gcc-switches by default, which stores the gcc flags used in each compiled object. To view these flags, use

readelf -p .GCC.command.line build/src/zrythm

TODO add --gcc-switches option and use libelf to print this info

Environment Variables

In addition to GTK/GLib variables, Zrythm understands the following environment variables.

  • ZRYTHM_DSP_THREADS - number of threads to use for DSP, including the main one
  • ZRYTHM_SKIP_PLUGIN_SCAN - disable plugin scanning
  • ZRYTHM_DEBUG - shows additional debug info about objects

FIXME these are not up to date. link to user manual or point to the manpage

UI Debugging

GTK inspector can be used to inspect UI widgets and change their properties live (while the application is running).

This is useful when looking to try out different widget properties to see what works before implementing them. Adding custom CSS is also possible. For example, the following CSS can be entered live to color all the track backgrounds red.

track {
  background-color: red;
}

Tests and Coverage

To run the test suite, use

meson build -Dtests=true

followed by

meson test -C build

To run a specific test with gdb use

meson test -C build --gdb actions_arranger_selections

To get a coverage report see https://mesonbuild.com/howtox.html#producing-a-coverage-report.

Profiling

gprof

To profile with gprof, use the profiling option when running meson, then build and run the program normally. The program must end gracefully (ie, not Ctrl-C). When the program ends, run

gprof build/src/zrythm > results

and check the results file for the profiling results.

If you are running Zrythm using zrythm_launch, use the path of the zrythm binary in the same directory.

Callgrind

Alternatively, you can use callgrind with kcachegrind. Build Zrythm normally and then run it through callgrind as follows:

tools/run_callgrind.sh build/src/zrythm

When you are finished, close Zrythm and run kcachegrind in the same directory to display the profiling info in the kcachegrind GUI. For more information, see https://docs.kde.org/stable5/en/kdesdk/kcachegrind/using-kcachegrind.html.

Memory usage

To debug memory usage, the massif tool from valgrind can be used. To use on the actions/mixer selections action test for example, use

meson test --timeout-multiplier=0 -C build --wrap="valgrind --tool=massif --num-callers=160 --suppressions=$(pwd)/tools/vg.sup" actions_mixer_selections_action

This will create a file called massif.out.<pid> that contains memory snapshots in the build directory. This file can be opened with Massif-Visualizer for inspection.

If the test takes too long, it can be stopped with SIGTERM and results will be collected until termination.

Note: massif runs the program 20 times slower

Alternatively, valgrind's leak check can be used

meson test --timeout-multiplier=0 -C build --wrap="valgrind --num-callers=160 --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=all --track-origins=yes --verbose --suppressions=$(pwd)/tools/vg.sup" actions_mixer_selections_action

Real-time safety

Use the following to get a stoat report.

CC=stoat-compile CXX=stoat-compile++ meson build
ninja -C build run_stoat

Realtime functions can be annoted as REALTIME or specified in tools/stoat_whitelist.txt. Non-realtime functions or functions that should not be run in realtime threads can be specified in tools/stoat_blacklist.txt. Suppressions (functions to ignore) are found in tools/stoat_suppressions.txt.

For more info see https://github.com/fundamental/stoat.

Cppcheck

ninja -C build cppcheck

Collecting Translations

To collect all translatable filenames into po/POTFILES, generate the POT file and update the PO files, use

ninja -C build collect-translatables zrythm-pot zrythm-update-po

Creating Releases

Releases are created using git hooks. See the README in git-packaging-hooks for more information.

Merging Pull Requests

git remote add <name> <fork url>
git fetch <name>
git merge <name>/<branch-name>

Coding Guidelines

Commenting

Please document everything specified in header files using Doxygen tags. At a bare minimum, every function declaration should have a brief description.

It is extremely helpful if you document each logical block within a function using plain comments, in a way that one can understand what is happening in each step by only reading the comments.

Coding Style

Generally, try to follow the GNU coding standards.

TODO: prepare a clang-format config or similar.

Include Order

In alphabetic order:

  1. Config headers
  2. Standard C library headers
  3. Local headers
  4. GTK and GLib headers
  5. Any other headers

Line Length

We keep lines within 60 characters. This works nicely with 4 columns of files open simultaneously in a tiled editor, but if you find this difficult to work with < 80 characters is acceptable too.

Error Handling

To report invalid program states (such as programming errors), use the g_return_*/z_return_* functions or g_critical. This will show a bug report popup if hit.

To report non-programming errors, such as failure to open a file, use the GError mechanism.

Function attributes

Tips

  • inline small functions that are called very often
  • CONST/PURE can be combined with inline
  • HOT should not be combined with inline
  • only use CONST/PURE on functions that do not log (or use g_warn_*()/g_return_*())

Licensing

If you contributed significant (for copyright purposes) amounts of code in a file, you should append your copyright notice (name, year and optionally email/website) at the top.

See also CONTRIBUTING.md.

Commit Messages

Please follow the 50/72 rule:

  • commit subject within 50 characters
  • commit body (optional) wrapped at 72 characters

See git log for examples.

We are considering switching to a format that resembles the GNU ChangeLog style.

Troubleshooting

TODO: move this section to the dev docs.

Getting random GUI related errors with no trace in valgrind or GTK warnings

This might happen when calling GTK code or g_idle_add() from non-GUI threads. GTK runs in a single GUI thread. Any GTK-related code must be run from the GUI thread only.

Values not being read properly at specific parts of the code (e.g. getting a zero value when we know the variable is non-zero)

Delete the build dir and reconfigure. This is likely an optimization problem with meson/ninja that appears rarely.

Widget not receiving keyboard input/focus

For a widget to receive keyboard input/focus, every single parent in the hierarchy must have can-focus=true (default).

Copyright (C) 2018-2022 Alexandros Theodotou

Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, without any warranty.