diff --git a/newsfragments/4288.fixed.md b/newsfragments/4288.fixed.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..105bb042276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/newsfragments/4288.fixed.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+allow `#[pyo3::prelude::pymodule]` with nested declarative modules
diff --git a/pyo3-macros-backend/src/module.rs b/pyo3-macros-backend/src/module.rs
index 39240aba7e8..a015dbdf7c0 100644
--- a/pyo3-macros-backend/src/module.rs
+++ b/pyo3-macros-backend/src/module.rs
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ pub fn pymodule_module_impl(mut module: syn::ItemMod) -> Result<TokenStream> {
             }
             Item::Fn(item_fn) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item_fn.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item_fn.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
                 let is_pymodule_init =
@@ -161,22 +161,22 @@ pub fn pymodule_module_impl(mut module: syn::ItemMod) -> Result<TokenStream> {
                 let ident = &item_fn.sig.ident;
                 if is_pymodule_init {
                     ensure_spanned!(
-                        !has_attribute(&item_fn.attrs, "pyfunction"),
+                        !has_attribute(&item_fn.attrs, &["pyfunction"]),
                         item_fn.span() => "`#[pyfunction]` cannot be used alongside `#[pymodule_init]`"
                     );
                     ensure_spanned!(pymodule_init.is_none(), item_fn.span() => "only one `#[pymodule_init]` may be specified");
                     pymodule_init = Some(quote! { #ident(module)?; });
-                } else if has_attribute(&item_fn.attrs, "pyfunction") {
+                } else if has_attribute(&item_fn.attrs, &["pyfunction"]) {
                     module_items.push(ident.clone());
                     module_items_cfg_attrs.push(get_cfg_attributes(&item_fn.attrs));
                 }
             }
             Item::Struct(item_struct) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item_struct.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item_struct.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
-                if has_attribute(&item_struct.attrs, "pyclass") {
+                if has_attribute(&item_struct.attrs, &["pyclass"]) {
                     module_items.push(item_struct.ident.clone());
                     module_items_cfg_attrs.push(get_cfg_attributes(&item_struct.attrs));
                     if !has_pyo3_module_declared::<PyClassPyO3Option>(
@@ -190,10 +190,10 @@ pub fn pymodule_module_impl(mut module: syn::ItemMod) -> Result<TokenStream> {
             }
             Item::Enum(item_enum) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item_enum.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item_enum.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
-                if has_attribute(&item_enum.attrs, "pyclass") {
+                if has_attribute(&item_enum.attrs, &["pyclass"]) {
                     module_items.push(item_enum.ident.clone());
                     module_items_cfg_attrs.push(get_cfg_attributes(&item_enum.attrs));
                     if !has_pyo3_module_declared::<PyClassPyO3Option>(
@@ -207,10 +207,13 @@ pub fn pymodule_module_impl(mut module: syn::ItemMod) -> Result<TokenStream> {
             }
             Item::Mod(item_mod) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item_mod.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item_mod.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
-                if has_attribute(&item_mod.attrs, "pymodule") {
+                if has_attribute(&item_mod.attrs, &["pymodule"])
+                    || has_attribute(&item_mod.attrs, &[ctx.pyo3_path, "pymodule"])
+                    || has_attribute(&item_mod.attrs, &[ctx.pyo3_path, "prelude", "pymodule"])
+                {
                     module_items.push(item_mod.ident.clone());
                     module_items_cfg_attrs.push(get_cfg_attributes(&item_mod.attrs));
                     if !has_pyo3_module_declared::<PyModulePyO3Option>(
@@ -224,61 +227,61 @@ pub fn pymodule_module_impl(mut module: syn::ItemMod) -> Result<TokenStream> {
             }
             Item::ForeignMod(item) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
             }
             Item::Trait(item) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
             }
             Item::Const(item) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
             }
             Item::Static(item) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
             }
             Item::Macro(item) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
             }
             Item::ExternCrate(item) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
             }
             Item::Impl(item) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
             }
             Item::TraitAlias(item) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
             }
             Item::Type(item) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
             }
             Item::Union(item) => {
                 ensure_spanned!(
-                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, "pymodule_export"),
+                    !has_attribute(&item.attrs, &["pymodule_export"]),
                     item.span() => "`#[pymodule_export]` may only be used on `use` statements"
                 );
             }
@@ -533,8 +536,10 @@ fn find_and_remove_attribute(attrs: &mut Vec<syn::Attribute>, ident: &str) -> bo
     found
 }
 
-fn has_attribute(attrs: &[syn::Attribute], ident: &str) -> bool {
-    attrs.iter().any(|attr| attr.path().is_ident(ident))
+fn has_attribute(attrs: &[syn::Attribute], ident: &[&str]) -> bool {
+    attrs
+        .iter()
+        .any(|attr| attr.path().segments.iter().map(|v| &v.ident).eq(ident))
 }
 
 fn set_module_attribute(attrs: &mut Vec<syn::Attribute>, module_name: &str) {
diff --git a/tests/test_declarative_module.rs b/tests/test_declarative_module.rs
index 061d0337285..8935090244a 100644
--- a/tests/test_declarative_module.rs
+++ b/tests/test_declarative_module.rs
@@ -117,6 +117,9 @@ mod declarative_module {
         struct Struct;
     }
 
+    #[pyo3::prelude::pymodule]
+    mod full_path_inner {}
+
     #[pymodule_init]
     fn init(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
         m.add("double2", m.getattr("double")?)
@@ -239,3 +242,11 @@ fn test_module_names() {
         );
     })
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_inner_module_full_path() {
+    Python::with_gil(|py| {
+        let m = declarative_module(py);
+        py_assert!(py, m, "m.full_path_inner");
+    })
+}