- The object inspector
- Handles
- Gizmos
- Play mode tint
Q2. A developer executes the C# code below, which finds any game objects tagged as “enemy” in a start event. But the developer notices that, when executed, FindGameObjectsWithTag returns NULL even though the scene contains objects tagged as “Enemy”. What is a possible cause?
GameObject[] MyEnemies = GameObject.FindGameObjectsWithTag(“Enemy”);
- The objects are animated
- The objects are on the UI layer
- The objects are not named “Enemy”
- The objects are deactivated
- It selects a random number that is less than 10
- It selects a random number greater than 10
- It selects a random number between 0 and 10
- It selects a random number that is multiple of 10
- To reduce scene file size
- To externally parse a scene and its objects
- To optimize scene loading and unloading
- To improve platform compatibility
Also, the text data can be generated and parsed by tools, making it possible to create and analyze scenes automatically. https://docs.unity3d.com/2021.2/Documentation/Manual/TextSceneFormat.html
- Gamma color space
- Depth of field
- Foreshortening
- Bloom
Gamma color space and bloom are related to graphics. Depth of field is related to objects bluring when at a certain distance from the camera. https://docs.unity3d.com/2019.3/Documentation/Manual/CamerasOverview.html https://pbr-book.org/3ed-2018/Camera_Models/Projective_Camera_Models#OrthographicCamera
- To override standard scene cameras with cinematic behaviours
- To determine what cameras will see when arriving at specific locations
- To create predefined camera presets to apply on standard cameras
- To act as dummy cameras for fooling meshes into thinking they are being seen
Use the Aim, Body, and Noise properties to specify how the Virtual Camera animates position, rotation, and other properties. The Virtual Camera applies these settings to the Unity Camera when Cinemachine Brain or Timeline transfers control of the Unity camera to the Virtual Camera. https://docs.unity3d.com/Packages/com.unity.cinemachine@2.9/manual/CinemachineVirtualCamera.html
- An audio clip asset
- An MP3 file
- A WAV file
- An OGG file
The Microphone class saves captured audio as an audio clip asset, which may then be stored as a OGG file. https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/Microphone.html
Q8. Cinemachine offers tools for building gameplay behaviours. Which component makes spline based paths for moving objects?
- Cinemachine Target Group
- Cinemachine Smooth Path
- Cinemachine Free Look
- Cinemachine Brain
- Cubits
- Feet
- Inches
- Meters
Unity's default units are in meters (Unreal Engine too). If you keep this in mind and model with your units alined to meters, the lighting system will work minimal artifacting. https://docs.unity3d.com/2019.3/Documentation/Manual/BestPracticeMakingBelievableVisuals1.html
- Developers to contribute to the unity source code
- Companies to raise money for projects through crowdfunding
- Team members to save, share, and sync unity projects
- Developers to integrate version control systems, like git, into projects
- How the camera renders UI objects on top of the scene
- How the camera renders transparent objects by default
- How the camera renders its background on each frame
- How the camera occludes background objects
- Detecting when an object moves
- Updating a navigation agent in response to keyframe data
- Replaying an animation when it has completed
- Modifying the root motion of an animated object
- OnBecameInvisible
- OnAnimatorMove
- Reset
- OnTriggerEnter
Q14. For the OnTriggerEnter function to invoke successfully on a collision between two objects, at least one must have which two components?
- A Collider and a MeshRenderer
- A Collider and a MeshFilter
- A Rigidbody and a Collider
- A MeshRenderer and a MeshFilter
Q15. UI elements, such as images and buttons, may be fixed at specific screen positions to build responsive interfaces. Which Unity features help achieve this?
- Events and raycasts
- Quaternions and Euler angles
- Opacity and transparency
- Anchors and pivots
Q16. The occlusion map of a material is often a grayscale image with pixels ranging between black and white. What does this map contribute to an object’s material?
- White pixels reveal the detail map and black pixels reveal none
- White pixels allow emission and black pixels allow none
- White pixels receive shadows and black pixels receive none
- White pixels receive full indirect illumination and black pixels receive none
- Canvas objects
- Event systems
- Empty objects
- Mesh renderers
Q18. The Project windows search box can filter the display of assets with text commands. Which command displays only texture assets?
- T:mesh
- T:texture
- T:mesh
- Show textures
Q19. A bullet game object is fired from a weapon and travels quickly through the scene using a RigidBody component. It sometimes passes through solid objects even though they have colliders. What is a reasonable strategy for correcting this?
- Expand the collider size of all scene objects and the bullets to detect collisions with better time
- Increase the Fixed Time Step value from the Project Settings dialog to change the frequency of the FixedUpdate event
- Change the Collision Detection property of the Rigidbody to Continuous Dynamic or Continous Speculative
- Enable the IsKinematic property of the Rigidbody
- It programmatically reduced the polycount of your meshes.
- It displaces mesh geometry with extrusion and bevels to generate higher-poly versions.
- It creates the appearance of surface detail on mesh - like bumps, dents, and scratches
- It is a level-of-detail system that progressively reduces a mesh’s polygons as a scene camera moves farther away from it
Q21. A SkinnedMeshRenderer component is attached automatically by Unity to some mesh objects when they are added to a scene. Which reason best explains why?
- The mesh file contains bones and rig data
- The game object also features an animator component
- The game object is a Player-Controlled character
- The mesh file contains a humanoid character
- Range
- HideInInspector
- Serializable
- SerializedField
https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/SerializeField.html
- Group static UI elements on one canvas, and dynamic elements on a separate canvas
- Position all canvas objects to the world origin
- Group as many UI elements as possible onto only one canvas
- Divide the screen into multiple canvas objects, each sized to a quarter of the screen size
Every time an element on a canvas is updated, the whole canvas is redrawn. If elements are never being updated, keeping them on a single canvas is ideal. https://unity.com/how-to/unity-ui-optimization-tips
[Space(20)]
Public string PlayerName;
- It inserts 20 space characters as a default value into the string variable below
- It inserts 20 pixels of margin on all edges around the variable inside the Object Inspector
- It inserts 20 pixels of empty space above the variable inside the Object Inspector
- It inserts 20 pixels of empty space below the variable inside the Object Inspector
This is a great way to customize your inspector without writing a new inspector script for it. https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/SpaceAttribute.html
Q25. Every time you double-click a C# script file from the Project window, Unity prints the message below (or something very similar) to the console. What is a reasonable step in trying to solve this? Cannot start process because a file name has not been provided
- Search the Project windows for all script files and then rename all of them
- Set Visual Studio as the code default editor via the External Tools tab of the Preferences menu
- Ensure you have specified a Play mode tint color from the Colors tab of the Preferences menu
- Select the Script file, and then select Assets > Find references in Scene from the Application menu
- Viewing and editing text files
- Downloading data packets and asset packages
- Typing and executing command line instructions through a shell interface
- Identifying errors in your script files and project
Q27. Sprite atlas assets, large textures containing many smaller sprites, can be optimized by batching together what?
- Sprites that are non animated
- Sprites that appear together in game
- Sprites using the same color palette
- Sprites of the same dimensions
Q28. You are making a game where you need to execute your own functions in response to critical animation events for a rigged character. Specifically, there are two events you must handle: when an animation state is entered and when it is exited in the Animator graph. Which class may be used to invoke your code when those two events happen?
- AnimatorClipInfo
- StateMachineBehaviour
- AnimationInfo
- AnimatorUtility
OnStateMachineEnter() and OnStateMachineExit() are the methods of the StateMachineBehavior class that handle this. AnimatorClipInfo displays information about the current clip being played, AnimatiorUtility deals with transform hierarchy, and AnimationInfo was removed in version 5.0.
https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/StateMachineBehaviour.html
- Select Assets > import Package, and then import the Cross-Platform Input Asset Package
- Select Windows > Asset Management > Version Control, and then enter an identifier in the Source field
- Select File > Build Settings. Then from the Build dialog box, select Android or iOS, and select the Bundle Identifier from the Compression Method drop down menu.
- Select Edit > Project Settings > Player from the menu, and then expand the Other Settings tab
Q30. Rigidbody components may be added to objects with colliders to make them affected by physical forces. What does the IsKinematic property achieve?
- It removes gravity from an object but retains all other forces
- It removes all physical forces from the object, except gravity
- It converts the object into physical forces that affect other objects
- It suspends physical forces on the object, allowing manual transofrmations
Q31. The primary directional light in a scene is linked by default to a procedural scene Skybox. What does the rotation of this light control?
- The orientation of the Skybox
- The night and day status of the skybox
- The acoustics of all audio sources
- The resolution of the skybox
- Multiplication
- Division
- Addition
- Subtraction
- Render textures
- Navigation mesh
- Profiler
- Occlusion Culling
Q34. How does the Range C# attribute control the interaction behavior of numerical variables in the Object Inspector?
- It restricts the variable value using a slider widget
- It validates the variable values through a text box widget
- It restricts the variable values using a color picker widget
- It presents valid options in a drop down list
public Animator avatar;
public Transform lookAtObj;
void OnAnimatorIK(int layerIndex)
{
avatar.SetLookAtPosition(lookAtObj).position;
avatar.SetLookAtWeight(If);
}
- It blends the characters head animation with a second predefined animation
- It makes the characters head face toward the specified target
- It returns the characters head back to a neutral position
- It makes a game object face toward the characters head
- Local space
- Innerspace
- Normal space
- World space
- Virtual reality
- Augmented reality
- Motion capture
- Photogrammetry
When you use photogrammetry to scan in models from the real world, and bring in those models into Unity (or any renderer), you will notice that the lighting information is baked into the texture. You can remove the baked in lighting information with various tools online, but even Unity themeless wrote a custom tool for just this; check it out! https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/DeLightingTool https://github.com/Unity-Technologies/DeLightingTool/blob/master/Assets/DeLightingTool/Documentation/De-LightingTool.pdf
Q38. Humanoid character assets, like NPCs and the player character, feature on Avatar object. Which statement best describes its purpose?
- Avatars define parameter sets for facial muscle blendshapes
- Avatar facilitate animation retargeting across different humanoid characters
- Avatar define IK data for animated characters
- Avatars describe how textures map on deforming objects during animation
Q39. You can perfectly align two mesh objects together at the vertices by using vertex snapping. How do you best access this tool?
- Select a mesh object and press the W key over the destination vertex
- While holding down the C key, click and drag from the source to the destination mesh
- Select Edit > Enable Vertex Snap from the menu, and then select your object
- While holding down the V key, click and drag your object from a corner vertex to its destination
https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/PositioningGameObjects.html#VtxSnapping
- It prints a Quaternion to a string that shows its X, Y, and Z rotation in degrees
- It converts a 3D orientation from Radiens to a Quaternion
- It converts a 3D orientation that is measured in degrees into a Quaternion
- It converts a Quaternion into a Vector3 in which X, Y, and Z are measured in degrees
Simplfying the math: Unity uses Quaternions internally to avoid Gimbal lock. The Euler XYZ (Pitch, Yaw, and Roll) axises can lock up when two axies are aligned. Quaternion.Euler converts the Euler number provided to the internally used Quarternion, to prevent this problem. https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/Quaternion.Euler.html
- It deactivates the specified game object immidiately
- It deletes the specified game object after the current update loop
- It deletes the specified game object when the application terminates
- It deletes the specified game object immidaitely
The object obj is destroyed immediately after the current Update loop, or t seconds from now if a time is specified. https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/Object.Destroy.html
Q42. You can programmatically control audio effects, like Pitch and Reverb, from C# scripts using which feature of an Audio Mixer asset?
- audio attenuation
- exposed parameters
- ParamEQ
- Audio Mixer groups
Audio attenuation is about energy loss, commonly refered to as "gain". ParamEQ allows you to change the frequency of the audio - "pitch", with no C# support. Audio Mixer groups do allow you to control audio effects, but not through C#. Official Unity Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tqi1aXlcpE
Q43. Multiple animations may be mixed together on a single character, selectively on different limbs. Which Mecanim feature supports this?
- Mip Maps
- avatar masks
- StateMachineBehaviour scripts
- animation events
Mip Maps are a technique that improves image quality and reduces rendering speed, at the cost of storage space, by including smaller copies of the image in the same file. Animation events allow you to call functions at points in the timeline. https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/class-AvatarMask.html
- run multiple functions on different game objects in parallel
- switch between different scene cameras on demand
- control the playback of a timeline instance in the scene
- record a gameplay session to a video file
The PlayableDirector component stores the link between a Timeline instance and a Timeline Asset. https://docs.unity3d.com/2019.2/Documentation/Manual/class-PlayableDirector.html
- generate a grid sprite at world origin
- helps you move objects to fixed grid increments
- reders and isometric grid in the scene during gameplay
- generates a grid mesh at the world origin
- EventSystem
- markers
- signals
- packets
EventSystem is not a timeline feature, neither are packets. Timeline signals are a subfeature of the markers, markers can directly initiate code, while a signal can only send the signal to a reciver. https://forum.unity.com/threads/new-in-2019-1-marker-customization.594712/ and https://blog.unity.com/technology/how-to-create-custom-timeline-markers
- A
public class Health : MonoBehavior
{
private float HealthPoints = 100f;
public float GetHealth()
{
return HealthPoints;
}
public void SetHealth(float Change)
{
HealthPoints += Change;
if (HealthPoints <= 0)
Destroy(gameObject);
}
}
- B
public class Health : MonoBehavior
{
public UnityEvent OnHealthChanged;
private float HealthPoints = 100f;
public void SetHealth(float Change)
{
HealthPoints += Change;
OnHealthChanged.Invoke();
}
public void Die()
{
Destroy(gameObject);
}
}
- C
public class Health : MonoBehavior
{
public float HealthPoints
{
get { return _healthpoints; }
set
{
_healthpoints = value;
if(_healthpoints <= 0 )
{
Destroy(gameObjects);
}
}
}
private float _healthpoints = 100f;
}
- D
public class Health : MonoBehaviour
{
public float HealthPoints = 100f;
private void Update()
{
if (HealthPoints <- 0)
Destroy(gameObject);
}
}
get and set are the clear indicators that a C# property is being used.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/classes-and-structs/properties