[object_store] Support generating and using signed upload URLs

[carols10cents]

IOx needs the ability to ask object storage for a signed URL that can be then used for a PUT request to upload a file to a particular path.

This is related to, but slightly different from #3027, which is for generating signed URLs for GET requests to read particular files. (it might be easy enough to add that functionality when this ticket is done.

[tustvold]

I wonder if we might add this functionality to AwsAuthorizer. Perhaps as a sign method to go alongside the authorize?

Eventually we could potentially extract a trait, and provide similar abstractions for all remote stores. I'm mainly just thinking it probably doesn't make sense to bundle this into the ObjectStore trait when many stores it won't make sense for.

[carols10cents]

Sure, sounds good!

[alamb]

@carols10cents and @stuartcarnie -- is this feature needed for anything "near term" in IOx? @tustvold and I are trying to make sure it is prioritized correctly.

[carols10cents]

@alamb Yes, it's needed for bulk migration: https://github.com/influxdata/influxdb_iox/issues/10370

[alamb]

@tustvold has put this item on his list

[alamb]

@tustvold has put this item on his list

[carols10cents]

Ooooh does that mean you're going to do it for me @tustvold ??? 🤩

[tustvold]

Potentially if you don't get to it first, my list is depressingly long... 😅

[tustvold]

label_issue.py automatically added labels {'object-store'} from influxdata/idpe#4876