diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/catalog/TableChange.java b/sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/catalog/TableChange.java
index 609cfab2d568e..ebecb6f507e6a 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/catalog/TableChange.java
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/catalog/TableChange.java
@@ -696,9 +696,8 @@ public String[] fieldNames() {
     /**
      * Returns the column default value SQL string (Spark SQL dialect). The default value literal
      * is not provided as updating column default values does not need to back-fill existing data.
-     * Null means dropping the column default value.
+     * Empty string means dropping the column default value.
      */
-    @Nullable
     public String newDefaultValue() { return newDefaultValue; }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/plans/logical/v2AlterTableCommands.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/plans/logical/v2AlterTableCommands.scala
index eb9d45f06ec79..b02c4fac12dec 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/plans/logical/v2AlterTableCommands.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/plans/logical/v2AlterTableCommands.scala
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@
 
 package org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical
 
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{FieldName, FieldPosition}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{FieldName, FieldPosition, ResolvedFieldName}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.catalog.CatalogTypes.TablePartitionSpec
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.TypeUtils
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.{ResolveDefaultColumns, TypeUtils}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.connector.catalog.{TableCatalog, TableChange}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.errors.QueryCompilationErrors
 import org.apache.spark.sql.types.DataType
@@ -228,6 +228,13 @@ case class AlterColumn(
       TableChange.updateColumnPosition(colName, newPosition.position)
     }
     val defaultValueChange = setDefaultExpression.map { newDefaultExpression =>
+      if (newDefaultExpression.nonEmpty) {
+        // SPARK-45075: We call 'ResolveDefaultColumns.analyze' here to make sure that the default
+        // value parses successfully, and return an error otherwise
+        val newDataType = dataType.getOrElse(column.asInstanceOf[ResolvedFieldName].field.dataType)
+        ResolveDefaultColumns.analyze(column.name.last, newDataType, newDefaultExpression,
+          "ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN")
+      }
       TableChange.updateColumnDefaultValue(colName, newDefaultExpression)
     }
     typeChange.toSeq ++ nullabilityChange ++ commentChange ++ positionChange ++ defaultValueChange
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/AlterTableTests.scala b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/AlterTableTests.scala
index a18c767570f01..ca60e3212e686 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/AlterTableTests.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/connector/AlterTableTests.scala
@@ -363,6 +363,35 @@ trait AlterTableTests extends SharedSparkSession with QueryErrorsBase {
     }
   }
 
+  test("SPARK-45075: ALTER COLUMN with invalid default value") {
+    withSQLConf(SQLConf.DEFAULT_COLUMN_ALLOWED_PROVIDERS.key -> s"$v2Format, ") {
+      withTable("t") {
+        sql(s"create table t(i boolean) using $v2Format")
+        // The default value fails to analyze.
+        checkError(
+          exception = intercept[AnalysisException] {
+            sql("alter table t add column s bigint default badvalue")
+          },
+          errorClass = "INVALID_DEFAULT_VALUE.UNRESOLVED_EXPRESSION",
+          parameters = Map(
+            "statement" -> "ALTER TABLE",
+            "colName" -> "`s`",
+            "defaultValue" -> "badvalue"))
+
+        sql("alter table t add column s bigint default 3L")
+        checkError(
+          exception = intercept[AnalysisException] {
+            sql("alter table t alter column s set default badvalue")
+          },
+          errorClass = "INVALID_DEFAULT_VALUE.UNRESOLVED_EXPRESSION",
+          parameters = Map(
+            "statement" -> "ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN",
+            "colName" -> "`s`",
+            "defaultValue" -> "badvalue"))
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   test("AlterTable: add complex column") {
     val t = fullTableName("table_name")
     withTable(t) {