A small demo app demonstrating the use of NSOperationQueue in Swift to parallelize network requests for a better user experience. Some features of Grand Central Dispatch are also utilized.
This app was created to accompany a conference talk entitled: "Threads, Queues, and Things to Come; The Present and Future of Concurrency in Swift". This talk will be presented at 360iDev in Denver, CO on Tuesday, August 15, 2017.
This demo app implements a simple HackerNews client. The HackerNews API provides an endpoint for loading the list of top 500 stories on the site. It returns a list of unique Ids. Each Id must be used in another endpoint to fetch the story data itself. Additionally, the app shows the Favicon of each site next to the story. The path of the icon must be derived from the data fetched with the story.
Several useful features of NSOperationQueue are demonstrated:
- Basic Queueing
- Dependent Operations
- Pausing/Resuming a Queue
Additionally, Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) is utilized to:
- Protect Shared Mutable State
- Serialize a Network Callback
NSOperationQueue is an Objective-C class that bridges to Swift as simply OperationQueue.
It is a powerful tool for queuing work to be done asynchronously without much effort. In this
demo, we demonstrate:
Each request to fetch a story is implemented as an NSOperation and added to
an NSOperationQueue. As each request completes, its data is used to update
the UI.
Fetching the Favicon for each website is added as a dependency of the story fetch. It utilizes the data from the story to derive the path to the Favicon.
If the user taps a cell, to load a story in SafariViewController, we pause
any stories and icons that are still loading in the background.
Grand Central Dispatch, called GCD or sometimes libdispatch, is a C library
which bridges into Swift as normal types. While slightly more cumbersome
than NSOperationQueue, it is still powerful and awesome useful in tandem
with a full blown operation queue. In this demo, we do just that, using GCD to:
A serial Grand Central Dispatch queue is used to protect access to the shared
list of stories as each fetch request completes. Mutating an Array in Swift is
not an atomic operation. A serial queue can be used much he same way a traditional
Lock or call to @synchronize would be in Objective-C.
Our fetch request occurs in the main() method of our NSOperation subclass. We
don't want the operation to return until the request is complete. We use a GCD
DispatchGroup to block the operation until the data has been acquired.
Go deeper in your understanding of concurrency in Swift.
- OperationQueue:
Apple's documentation for
NSOperationQueuein Swift - Dispatch: Apple's documentation for Grand Central Dispatch in Swift
- NSOperation on NSHipster: A great introduction to using Operations, with some GCD mixed in
- All about Concurrency in Swift: An in-depth, two part discussion of concurrency in Swift by Umberto Raimondi.
- Green Threads Explained: An introduction to the concept of Green Threads and why they are useful.
- Promise: A library implementing Promises in Swift by @khanlou
- The Actor Model in 10 Minutes: An introduction to The Actor Model