Simplify proof queue data structure [Cherrypicked from (#13866)]

[vusirikala]

Description

Cherrypicking the commit from main branch to simplify the proof queue data structure.

Type of Change

• New feature
• Bug fix
• Breaking change
• Performance improvement
• Refactoring
• Dependency update
• Documentation update
• Tests

Which Components or Systems Does This Change Impact?

• Validator Node
• Full Node (API, Indexer, etc.)
• Move/Aptos Virtual Machine
• Aptos Framework
• Aptos CLI/SDK
• Developer Infrastructure
• Other (specify)

How Has This Been Tested?

Key Areas to Review

Checklist

• I have read and followed the CONTRIBUTING doc
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I identified and added all stakeholders and component owners affected by this change as reviewers
• I tested both happy and unhappy path of the functionality
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation

[trunk-io]

⏱️ 4h 20m total CI duration on this PR

Job	Cumulative Duration	Recent Runs
test-fuzzers	1h 12m	🟩 🟩
rust-smoke-tests	38m	🟩
rust-targeted-unit-tests	20m	⬜ 🟩
rust-lints	17m	⬜ 🟩
forge-compat-test / forge	16m	🟩
forge-framework-upgrade-test / forge	15m	🟩
rust-images / rust-all	15m	🟩
forge-e2e-test / forge	13m	🟩
rust-move-tests	13m	⬜ 🟩
run-tests-main-branch	9m	🟩 🟩
rust-build-cached-packages	8m	🟩
execution-performance / test-target-determinator	6m	🟩
test-target-determinator	5m	🟩
general-lints	4m	🟩 🟩
check	4m	🟩
check-dynamic-deps	3m	🟩 🟩
node-api-compatibility-tests / node-api-compatibility-tests	1m	🟩
semgrep/ci	44s	🟩 🟩
file_change_determinator	21s	🟩 🟩
file_change_determinator	20s	🟩 🟩
file_change_determinator	9s	🟩
execution-performance / single-node-performance	8s	🟩
permission-check	7s	🟩
permission-check	5s	🟩 🟩
permission-check	5s	🟩 🟩
permission-check	4s	🟩 🟩
permission-check	4s	🟩 🟩
determine-docker-build-metadata	2s	🟩

🚨 4 jobs on the last run were significantly faster/slower than expected

Job	Duration	vs 7d avg	Delta
rust-build-cached-packages	8m	5m
rust-lints	10m	7m
forge-compat-test / forge	16m	13m
execution-performance / single-node-performance	8s	19m

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[github-actions]

✅ Forge suite realistic_env_max_load success on cdc7a56cc6aff9f3773e58e398d2cdc793402fd6

two traffics test: inner traffic : committed: 8556.008495586739 txn/s, latency: 4581.315225841729 ms, (p50: 4500 ms, p90: 5700 ms, p99: 10200 ms), latency samples: 3694180
two traffics test : committed: 99.95427022503603 txn/s, latency: 1958.7233333333334 ms, (p50: 1900 ms, p90: 2200 ms, p99: 3700 ms), latency samples: 1800
Latency breakdown for phase 0: ["QsBatchToPos: max: 0.212, avg: 0.208", "QsPosToProposal: max: 0.188, avg: 0.176", "ConsensusProposalToOrdered: max: 0.307, avg: 0.285", "ConsensusOrderedToCommit: max: 0.367, avg: 0.352", "ConsensusProposalToCommit: max: 0.651, avg: 0.637"]
Max round gap was 1 [limit 4] at version 1774946. Max no progress secs was 4.942217 [limit 15] at version 1774946.
Test Ok

• Grafana dashboard
• Humio Logs
• Axiom Logs
• Validator CPU Profile
• Fullnode CPU Profile
• Test runner output
• Test run is land-blocking

[github-actions]

✅ Forge suite framework_upgrade success on f648076a280621dbfd4e73b1ca83e3a3f52878ed ==> cdc7a56cc6aff9f3773e58e398d2cdc793402fd6

Compatibility test results for f648076a280621dbfd4e73b1ca83e3a3f52878ed ==> cdc7a56cc6aff9f3773e58e398d2cdc793402fd6 (PR)
Upgrade the nodes to version: cdc7a56cc6aff9f3773e58e398d2cdc793402fd6
framework_upgrade::framework-upgrade::full-framework-upgrade : committed: 1203.3566220629518 txn/s, submitted: 1205.6037866232934 txn/s, failed submission: 2.247164560341647 txn/s, expired: 2.247164560341647 txn/s, latency: 2535.6929971988798 ms, (p50: 1800 ms, p90: 4500 ms, p99: 10100 ms), latency samples: 107100
framework_upgrade::framework-upgrade::full-framework-upgrade : committed: 1193.5088166465287 txn/s, submitted: 1195.265452835874 txn/s, failed submission: 1.7566361893451852 txn/s, expired: 1.7566361893451852 txn/s, latency: 2785.6113751051303 ms, (p50: 2100 ms, p90: 5400 ms, p99: 8500 ms), latency samples: 95120
5. check swarm health
Compatibility test for f648076a280621dbfd4e73b1ca83e3a3f52878ed ==> cdc7a56cc6aff9f3773e58e398d2cdc793402fd6 passed
Upgrade the remaining nodes to version: cdc7a56cc6aff9f3773e58e398d2cdc793402fd6
framework_upgrade::framework-upgrade::full-framework-upgrade : committed: 1083.9174147931399 txn/s, submitted: 1086.180290398136 txn/s, failed submission: 2.262875604996117 txn/s, expired: 2.262875604996117 txn/s, latency: 2782.7253862212942 ms, (p50: 2100 ms, p90: 4800 ms, p99: 8600 ms), latency samples: 95800
Test Ok

• Grafana dashboard
• Humio Logs
• Axiom Logs
• Validator CPU Profile
• Fullnode CPU Profile
• Test runner output
• Test run is land-blocking

[github-actions]

✅ Forge suite compat success on f648076a280621dbfd4e73b1ca83e3a3f52878ed ==> cdc7a56cc6aff9f3773e58e398d2cdc793402fd6

Compatibility test results for f648076a280621dbfd4e73b1ca83e3a3f52878ed ==> cdc7a56cc6aff9f3773e58e398d2cdc793402fd6 (PR)
1. Check liveness of validators at old version: f648076a280621dbfd4e73b1ca83e3a3f52878ed
compatibility::simple-validator-upgrade::liveness-check : committed: 7745.397425972529 txn/s, latency: 3716.394828350646 ms, (p50: 3000 ms, p90: 3800 ms, p99: 24400 ms), latency samples: 315760
2. Upgrading first Validator to new version: cdc7a56cc6aff9f3773e58e398d2cdc793402fd6
compatibility::simple-validator-upgrade::single-validator-upgrading : committed: 1054.867176458151 txn/s, latency: 24763.261072544254 ms, (p50: 28400 ms, p90: 43100 ms, p99: 47200 ms), latency samples: 57620
compatibility::simple-validator-upgrade::single-validator-upgrade : committed: 1494.6048536568453 txn/s, latency: 19825.141739846324 ms, (p50: 20500 ms, p90: 30600 ms, p99: 32600 ms), latency samples: 72880
3. Upgrading rest of first batch to new version: cdc7a56cc6aff9f3773e58e398d2cdc793402fd6
compatibility::simple-validator-upgrade::half-validator-upgrading : committed: 3425.266246012587 txn/s, latency: 7103.0282979194335 ms, (p50: 8400 ms, p90: 9700 ms, p99: 11100 ms), latency samples: 90360
compatibility::simple-validator-upgrade::half-validator-upgrade : committed: 3302.5402721190267 txn/s, latency: 9430.64101355333 ms, (p50: 9600 ms, p90: 14800 ms, p99: 15100 ms), latency samples: 135760
4. upgrading second batch to new version: cdc7a56cc6aff9f3773e58e398d2cdc793402fd6
compatibility::simple-validator-upgrade::rest-validator-upgrading : committed: 6503.150750860648 txn/s, latency: 4306.939751978089 ms, (p50: 4800 ms, p90: 5300 ms, p99: 5700 ms), latency samples: 131440
compatibility::simple-validator-upgrade::rest-validator-upgrade : committed: 6497.896750902175 txn/s, latency: 5067.346469288555 ms, (p50: 5100 ms, p90: 6800 ms, p99: 7900 ms), latency samples: 226300
5. check swarm health
Compatibility test for f648076a280621dbfd4e73b1ca83e3a3f52878ed ==> cdc7a56cc6aff9f3773e58e398d2cdc793402fd6 passed
Test Ok

• Grafana dashboard
• Humio Logs
• Axiom Logs
• Validator CPU Profile
• Fullnode CPU Profile
• Test runner output
• Test run is land-blocking

[bchocho]

can you add …(#13866) to the end of the title for this cherry-pick PR?