-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy pathcharacters_major_revision.html
422 lines (357 loc) · 18.8 KB
/
characters_major_revision.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<title>Characters in Absalom, Absalom!</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<!-- JS Packages -->
<!-- JS Packages -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/scrollama"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/d3@5.9.1/dist/d3.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"
integrity="sha256-/xUj+3OJU5yExlq6GSYGSHk7tPXikynS7ogEvDej/m4="
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-csv/0.71/jquery.csv-0.71.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Chart.js/3.9.1/chart.min.js" integrity="sha512-ElRFoEQdI5Ht6kZvyzXhYG9NqjtkmlkfYk0wr6wHxU9JEHakS7UJZNeml5ALk+8IKlU6jDgMabC3vkumRokgJA==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/chartjs-plugin-datalabels@2.0.0">
</script>
<script src="https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-2.26.0.min.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.2/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha384-C6RzsynM9kWDrMNeT87bh95OGNyZPhcTNXj1NW7RuBCsyN/o0jlpcV8Qyq46cDfL" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-T3c6CoIi6uLrA9TneNEoa7RxnatzjcDSCmG1MXxSR1GAsXEV/Dwwykc2MPK8M2HN" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- <script src="js/scroll_vid.js"></script>-->
<script src="js/scrollama.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/chart_styles.js"></script>
<script src="js/character_charts.js"></script>
<!--Style Sheets-->
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.2.0-beta1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-0evHe/X+R7YkIZDRvuzKMRqM+OrBnVFBL6DOitfPri4tjfHxaWutUpFmBp4vmVor" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-icons@1.8.3/font/bootstrap-icons.css">
<!--<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" />-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/family.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/visual_essay.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/scroll_chart_style.css" />
<!--<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/scroll.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/responsive.css" />-->
<style>
</style>
</head>
<body>
<main>
<div id="page_header">
<div id="header_logo"><a class="logo" href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/"><span class="digital">DIGITAL</span> Yoknapatawpha</a> · Teaching & Learning</div>
<div id="main-menu">
<ul id="main-menu-links">
<li>
<a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/index-about.php">About</a>
<ul>
<li class="first-item"><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/credits.php">Credits</a></li>
<li><a href="https://faulkner.drupal.shanti.virginia.edu/content/dedication" target="_blank">Dedication</a></li>
<li><a href="https://faulkner.drupal.shanti.virginia.edu/content/digital-yoknapatawpha-bibliography" target="_blank">Bibliography</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/dysocialmedia.php">DY on Social Media</a></li>
<li><a href="https://faulkner.drupal.shanti.virginia.edu/content/digital-yoknapatawpha-articles-presentations" target="_blank">Re-Presenting DY</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/videos-2016demos.php">2016 Demos</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="bullet-link">
<a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/index-search.php">Search</a>
<ul>
<li class="first-item"><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/events/">Events</a></li>
<li>
<span class="nav-blank">Characters</span>
<ul>
<li class="first-item"><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/characters/">By Text</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/cumulative_characters/">Cumulative</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nav-blank">Locations</span>
<ul>
<li class="first-item"><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/locations/">By Text</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/cumulative_locations/">Cumulative</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="bullet-link">
<a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/index-visualizations.php">Visualizations</a>
<ul>
<li class="first-item">
<span class="nav-blank">Location-Character</span>
<ul>
<li class="first-item"><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/characters-force.html">Force Directed</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/characters-bipart.html">Bipartite</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/char-char-force.html">Character-Character</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/characters-graph.html">Character-Event</a></li>
<li>
<span class="nav-blank">Heatmaps</span>
<ul>
<li class="first-item"><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/heatmaps/spatial_heatmaps.php">Spatial</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/heatmaps/temporal_heatmaps.php">Temporal</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<span class="nav-blank">Photographs</span>
<ul>
<li class="first-item"><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/photograph_locations.php">by Location</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/photograph_repositories.php">by Repository</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/narrativeanalysis.html" target="_blank">Narrative Analysis</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="bullet-link">
<a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/index-commentaries.php">Commentaries</a>
<ul>
<li class="first-item"><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/media/resources/DISPLAYS/FaulknerMapsHP.html" target="_blank">Faulkner & Maps</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/YokCemeteries.html">Cemeteries</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/">Genealogies</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/racial_demography/">Race & Place</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/aa_sources.php">Analyzing <em>Absalom, Absalom!</em></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="bullet-link">
<a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/index-teaching_and_learning.php">Teaching & Learning</a>
<ul>
<li class="first-item">
<span class="nav-blank">Resources by Text</span>
<ul>
<li class="first-item"><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/resources-re.php">"A Rose for Emily"</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/resources-ld.php">As I Lay Dying</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/resources-sf.php">The Sound and the Fury</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/resources-aa.php">Absalom, Absalom!</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/resources-ds.php">"Dry September"</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/videos-teaching_and_learning.php">Videos</a></li>
<li><a href="https://faulkner.drupal.shanti.virginia.edu/content/pedagogyarticles" target="_blank">Articles</a></li>
<li><a href="https://faulkner.drupal.shanti.virginia.edu/content/tlworksheethomepage" target="_blank">Worksheets</a></li>
<li><a href="https://faulkner.drupal.shanti.virginia.edu/content/swhomepage" target="_blank">Student Work</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="bullet-link">
<a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/index-indexes.php">Indexes</a>
<ul>
<li class="first-item"><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/cumulative_characters.php">Cumulative Characters</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/cumulative_locations.php">Cumulative Locations</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/recurring_events.php">Recurring Events</a></li>
<li><a href="https://faulkner.drupal.shanti.virginia.edu/content/indexofmssetc" target="_blank">Manuscripts</a></li>
<li><a href="https://faulkner.drupal.shanti.virginia.edu/content/indexofmagazineillustrations" target="_blank">Illustrations</a></li>
<li><a href="https://faulkner.drupal.shanti.virginia.edu/content/indexofaudioclips" target="_blank">Audio Clips</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/contributors.php">Scholarly Collaborators</a></li>
<li><a href="http://faulkner.iath.virginia.edu/family/videos-index.php">DY Videos</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<section>
<div class="banner">
<div class="h2 text-left py-4">Digital Supplement</div>
<div class="h4 text-left"><em>Absalom, Absalom! </em> and the Digital Humanities: Charting Characters, Events, and Language</div>
<div class="h4 pb-3"><small class="text-body-secondary">Johannes Burgers</small></div>
<div id="header-menu-bar">
<ul>
<li><a href="characters_major_revision.html">Characters</a></li>
<li><a href="events_major_revisions.html">Events</a></li>
<li><a href="language_major_revisions.html">Language</a></li>
<li><a href="index.html">About</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h1 class="content_title">Characters</h1>
<h2 class="content_sub_title text-center"><small class="text-center text-body-secondary">“money, a house, a plantation, slaves, a family — incidentally of course, a wife”</small></h2>
<div class="essay_section">
<p>
The <i>Digital Yoknapatawpha</i> database contains every character who appears in Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha fictions.
Each character has a set of attribute information, including their race, class, gender, number, rank, and vitality.
With this information, we can make a literary demography of the composition of the entire character population.
</p>
<h2 class="content_sub_title">Racial Composition</h2>
<p>
One of the most salient pieces of demographic information in <i>Absalom, Absalom!</i> is its racial composition. The novel powerfully captures the Southern system of racial oppression that started with the enslavement of Africans before the Civil War and was continued through the creation of "Jim Crow" segretation laws after the Emancipation Proclamation. This long history of racial separation and its codification into explicit laws and implicit social practices, made race appear as a real and fundamental difference between people, even, if it was entirely socially constructed. Speaking of race in America more generally, Toni Morrison remarks that, "As a reader you have been forced to hunt for a drop of black blood that means everything and nothing. The insanity of racism."
</p>
<figure>
<div class="blockquote-outline">
<blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>As a reader you have been forced to hunt for a drop of black blood that means everything and nothing.</p>
<p>
The insanity of racism.
</p>
<!--TODO add more context-->
</blockquote>
<figcaption class="blockquote-footer">
<cite title="Conversations">Toni Morrison, <em>Conversations</em></cite>
</figcaption>
</div>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="essay_section">
<h2 class="content_sub_title">Racial Presence</h2>
<p>
Faulkner questions the difference between people based on race by suggesting that Charles Bon could be both brother and other to Judith and Henry Sutpen. This troubling of racial categories is visible in the character breakdown of the novel. There are 194 unique characters in <i>Absalom, Absalom!</i>. These characters can in turn be grouped by race. Doing so creates a raw demographic total for each group. This indicates the relative percentage of each racial group of the entire cast of characters.
</p>
<p>
Notably, this breakdown does not take into account how often characters occur. By calculating how often characters of a particular race occur in an event across the novel, we can capture how present they are in the novel. If <i>Absalom, Absalom!</i> were a movie, this would be the relative screen-time dedicated to each racial group.
</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="scrolly">
<article>
<div class="step" data-step="1">
<div class="step_header">Raw vs. Weighted Demographics</div>
<p>
There are important differences between the raw demographic total and the weighted demographic presence.
</p>
<p>
Both multi-racial groups and the few Indian characters who populate the novel's world do not even register when they are weighted for their presence within the plot.
</p>
</div>
<div class="step" data-step="2">
<div class="step_header">Over-representation</div>
<p>
Meanwhile, weighting by narrative presence actually reveals that White characters are over-represented. They only constitute 66% of the total characters, but are present in 77% of events.
</p>
<p>
This shows that the narrative is focused on relating the lives of the White characters more than the other characters present.
</p>
</div>
<div class="step" data-step="3">
<div class="step_header">Mixed Ancestry</div>
<p>
Likewise, by accounting for how often characters actually appear in the text, the number of of mixed ancestry characters goes up.
</p> <p>
Intuitively, this makes sense because while there are relatively few of these characters in the world of the text, characters like Clytemnestra and Charles Bon appear quite often.
</p>
</div>
<div class="step" data-step="4">
<div class="step_header">Erasing Blackness</div>
<p>
Importantly, the increased focus on mixed ancestry characters comes at the cost of the Black characters. As individuals these characters recede into the background and do not have the same narrative presence as the white and the mixed ancestry characters.
</p>
<p>
This distinction highlights the fact that novel is focused on showing White characters interact with characters of Mixed Ancestry.
</p>
</div>
</article>
<div class="container-piechart">
<figure class="chart">
<div class="row w-75">
<div class="col col-sm-6">
<div class="h5 text-center">Raw Demographic Total</div>
<canvas id="scrollychart1"></canvas>
</div>
<div class="col col-sm-6">
<div class="h5 text-center">Weighted Demographic Presence</div>
<canvas id="scrollychart2"></canvas>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row w-90">
<div id="legend"></div>
</div>
</figure>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="essay_section">
<h2 class="content_sub_title">Individual Character Presence</h2>
<p>
The data suggest that while <i>Absalom, Absalom!</i> is concerned with the ‘color line’, it is decidedly from a White perspective. Race and racial passing is only conceived in how it might trouble Whiteness and not how it might affect the Black community. This is visible with the presence of Charles Bon. He is the most ubiquitous Mixed Ancestry character by far. Still, compared to the other White characters he is simply another major character. Quite tellingly, the most present Black characters are the unnamed enslaved people, Sutpen transports to Jefferson to build his estate.
</p>
<h2 class="content_sub_title">Visualizing Character Presence</h2>
<p>
The sunburst chart below divides character presence by race and character. Clicking on the large pie pieces will show the character breakdowns in more detail.
</p>
<div id="sunburst"></div>
<h2 class="content_sub_title">Questioning the Color Line</h2>
<p>
It is clear from reading <i>Absalom, Absalom!</i> that the novel is about Charles Bon’s potential transgression across the ‘color line.’ The data reveal that the novel attends to this issue from a predominantly White perspective, and at the exclusion of all other non-white characters.
</p>
<p>
The various narrators only really care about racial passing if it threatens upper class white femininity. There is never a consideration as to how passing might affect the Black community.
</p>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="pt-4"></div>
<!-- Scroll Text ENDS -->
<!-- Footer -->
<!-- Remove the container if you want to extend the Footer to full width. -->
<div id="page_footer">
<div id="footer_iath_link"><a href="http://www.iath.virginia.edu/">IATH</a></div>
</div>
</main>
<!-- Scroll Packages BEGIN -->
<!-- Scroll Packages END -->
<script>
function makeplot() {
var data;
$.ajax({
type: "GET",
url: "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arundhatibala/absalom/main/data/sunburst_export.csv",
dataType: "text",
success: function (response) {
data = $.csv.toObjects(response, { headers: true });
processData(data);
}
});
};
function processData(allRows) {
console.log(allRows);
console.log(allRows.length)
var labels = []
var values = []
var parents = []
var ids = [];
var percent = [];
var race = [];
for (var i = 0; i < allRows.length; i++) {
row = allRows[i];
labels.push(row['labels']);
values.push(row['values']);
parents.push(row['parents']);
ids.push(row['ids']);
percent.push(row['percent']);
race.push(row['race']);
}
console.log("Labels = ", labels, "Values =", values, "Parents = ", parents, "Ids =", ids);
makePlotly(labels, values, parents, ids, percent, race);
}
function makePlotly(labels, values, parents, ids, percent, race) {
var hovervariables = [percent, race]
var data = [{
type: "sunburst",
labels: labels,
parents: parents,
values: values,
ids: ids,
customdata: percent,
outsidetextfont: { size: 20, color: "white" },
leaf: { opacity: 0.8 },
marker: {
line: { width: 2 }
},
branchvalues: 'remainder',
hovertemplate: '%{customdata}%<extra></extra>'
}];
var layout = {
margin: { l: 0, r: 0, b: 0, t: 0 },
plot_bgcolor: "#FFF",
paper_bgcolor: "#FFF",
sunburstcolorway: DefaultborderColor,
font: {
size: 14,
color: '#FFF'
}
};
var config = { responsive: true }
Plotly.newPlot('sunburst', data, layout, config);
};
makeplot();
</script>
</body>
</html>