diff --git a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/InlineCTE.scala b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/InlineCTE.scala
index 50828b945bb40..8cc25328ce70b 100644
--- a/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/InlineCTE.scala
+++ b/sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/optimizer/InlineCTE.scala
@@ -140,7 +140,8 @@ case class InlineCTE(
       cteMap: mutable.Map[Long, CTEReferenceInfo]): LogicalPlan = {
     plan match {
       case WithCTE(child, cteDefs) =>
-        val remainingDefs = cteDefs.filter { cteDef =>
+        val notInlined = mutable.ArrayBuffer.empty[CTERelationDef]
+        cteDefs.foreach { cteDef =>
           val refInfo = cteMap(cteDef.id)
           if (refInfo.refCount > 0) {
             val newDef = refInfo.cteDef.copy(child = inlineCTE(refInfo.cteDef.child, cteMap))
@@ -148,17 +149,17 @@ case class InlineCTE(
             cteMap(cteDef.id) = cteMap(cteDef.id).copy(
               cteDef = newDef, shouldInline = inlineDecision
             )
-            // Retain the not-inlined CTE relations in place.
-            !inlineDecision
-          } else {
-            keepDanglingRelations
+            if (!inlineDecision) notInlined += newDef
+          } else if (keepDanglingRelations) {
+            notInlined += refInfo.cteDef
           }
         }
         val inlined = inlineCTE(child, cteMap)
-        if (remainingDefs.isEmpty) {
+        if (notInlined.isEmpty) {
           inlined
         } else {
-          WithCTE(inlined, remainingDefs)
+          // Retain the not-inlined CTE relations in place.
+          WithCTE(inlined, notInlined.toSeq)
         }
 
       case ref: CTERelationRef =>
diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/CTEInlineSuite.scala b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/CTEInlineSuite.scala
index a06b50d175f90..7b608b7438c29 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/CTEInlineSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/CTEInlineSuite.scala
@@ -703,6 +703,17 @@ abstract class CTEInlineSuiteBase
       checkErrorTableNotFound(e, "`tab_non_exists`", ExpectedContext("tab_non_exists", 83, 96))
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-48307: not-inlined CTE references sibling") {
+    val df = sql(
+      """
+        |WITH
+        |v1 AS (SELECT 1 col),
+        |v2 AS (SELECT col, rand() FROM v1)
+        |SELECT l.col FROM v2 l JOIN v2 r ON l.col = r.col
+        |""".stripMargin)
+    checkAnswer(df, Row(1))
+  }
 }
 
 class CTEInlineSuiteAEOff extends CTEInlineSuiteBase with DisableAdaptiveExecutionSuite