base-service.ts

import { Construct } from 'constructs';
import { ScalableTaskCount } from './scalable-task-count';
import { ServiceManagedVolume } from './service-managed-volume';
import * as appscaling from '../../../aws-applicationautoscaling';
import * as cloudwatch from '../../../aws-cloudwatch';
import * as ec2 from '../../../aws-ec2';
import * as elb from '../../../aws-elasticloadbalancing';
import * as elbv2 from '../../../aws-elasticloadbalancingv2';
import * as iam from '../../../aws-iam';
import * as cloudmap from '../../../aws-servicediscovery';
import {
  Annotations,
  Duration,
  IResolvable,
  IResource,
  Lazy,
  Resource,
  Stack,
  ArnFormat,
  FeatureFlags,
  Token,
} from '../../../core';
import * as cxapi from '../../../cx-api';
import { RegionInfo } from '../../../region-info';
import {
  LoadBalancerTargetOptions,
  NetworkMode,
  TaskDefinition,
  TaskDefinitionRevision,
} from '../base/task-definition';
import { ICluster, CapacityProviderStrategy, ExecuteCommandLogging, Cluster } from '../cluster';
import { ContainerDefinition, Protocol } from '../container-definition';
import { CfnService } from '../ecs.generated';
import { LogDriver, LogDriverConfig } from '../log-drivers/log-driver';

/**
 * The interface for a service.
 */
export interface IService extends IResource {
  /**
   * The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the service.
   *
   * @attribute
   */
  readonly serviceArn: string;

  /**
   * The name of the service.
   *
   * @attribute
   */
  readonly serviceName: string;
}

/**
 * The deployment controller to use for the service.
 */
export interface DeploymentController {
  /**
   * The deployment controller type to use.
   *
   * @default DeploymentControllerType.ECS
   */
  readonly type?: DeploymentControllerType;
}

/**
 * The deployment circuit breaker to use for the service
 */
export interface DeploymentCircuitBreaker {
  /**
   * Whether to enable the deployment circuit breaker logic
   * @default true
   */
  readonly enable?: boolean;

  /**
   * Whether to enable rollback on deployment failure
   *
   * @default false
   */
  readonly rollback?: boolean;
}

/**
 * Deployment behavior when an ECS Service Deployment Alarm is triggered
 */
export enum AlarmBehavior {
  /**
   * ROLLBACK_ON_ALARM causes the service to roll back to the previous deployment
   * when any deployment alarm enters the 'Alarm' state. The Cloudformation stack
   * will be rolled back and enter state "UPDATE_ROLLBACK_COMPLETE".
   */
  ROLLBACK_ON_ALARM = 'ROLLBACK_ON_ALARM',
  /**
   * FAIL_ON_ALARM causes the deployment to fail immediately when any deployment
   * alarm enters the 'Alarm' state. In order to restore functionality, you must
   * roll the stack forward by pushing a new version of the ECS service.
   */
  FAIL_ON_ALARM = 'FAIL_ON_ALARM',
}

/**
 * Options for deployment alarms
 */
export interface DeploymentAlarmOptions {
  /**
   * Default rollback on alarm
   * @default AlarmBehavior.ROLLBACK_ON_ALARM
   */
  readonly behavior?: AlarmBehavior;
}

/**
 * Configuration for deployment alarms
 */
export interface DeploymentAlarmConfig extends DeploymentAlarmOptions {
  /**
   * List of alarm names to monitor during deployments
   */
  readonly alarmNames: string[];
}

export interface EcsTarget {
  /**
   * The name of the container.
   */
  readonly containerName: string;

  /**
   * The port number of the container. Only applicable when using application/network load balancers.
   *
   * @default - Container port of the first added port mapping.
   */
  readonly containerPort?: number;

  /**
   * The protocol used for the port mapping. Only applicable when using application load balancers.
   *
   * @default Protocol.TCP
   */
  readonly protocol?: Protocol;

  /**
   * ID for a target group to be created.
   */
  readonly newTargetGroupId: string;

  /**
   * Listener and properties for adding target group to the listener.
   */
  readonly listener: ListenerConfig;
}

/**
 * Interface for ECS load balancer target.
 */
export interface IEcsLoadBalancerTarget extends elbv2.IApplicationLoadBalancerTarget, elbv2.INetworkLoadBalancerTarget, elb.ILoadBalancerTarget {
}

/**
 * Interface for Service Connect configuration.
 */
export interface ServiceConnectProps {
  /**
   * The cloudmap namespace to register this service into.
   *
   * @default the cloudmap namespace specified on the cluster.
   */
  readonly namespace?: string;

  /**
   * The list of Services, including a port mapping, terse client alias, and optional intermediate DNS name.
   *
   * This property may be left blank if the current ECS service does not need to advertise any ports via Service Connect.
   *
   * @default none
   */
  readonly services?: ServiceConnectService[];

  /**
   * The log driver configuration to use for the Service Connect agent logs.
   *
   * @default - none
   */
  readonly logDriver?: LogDriver;
}

/**
 * Interface for service connect Service props.
 */
export interface ServiceConnectService {
  /**
   * portMappingName specifies which port and protocol combination should be used for this
   * service connect service.
   */
  readonly portMappingName: string;

  /**
   * Optionally specifies an intermediate dns name to register in the CloudMap namespace.
   * This is required if you wish to use the same port mapping name in more than one service.
   *
   * @default - port mapping name
   */
  readonly discoveryName?: string;

  /**
   * The terse DNS alias to use for this port mapping in the service connect mesh.
   * Service Connect-enabled clients will be able to reach this service at
   * http://dnsName:port.
   *
   * @default - No alias is created. The service is reachable at `portMappingName.namespace:port`.
   */
  readonly dnsName?: string;

  /**
   * The port for clients to use to communicate with this service via Service Connect.
   *
   * @default the container port specified by the port mapping in portMappingName.
   */
  readonly port?: number;

  /**
   * Optional. The port on the Service Connect agent container to use for traffic ingress to this service.
   *
   * @default - none
   */
  readonly ingressPortOverride?: number;

  /**
   * The amount of time in seconds a connection for Service Connect will stay active while idle.
   *
   * A value of 0 can be set to disable `idleTimeout`.
   *
   * If `idleTimeout` is set to a time that is less than `perRequestTimeout`, the connection will close
   * when the `idleTimeout` is reached and not the `perRequestTimeout`.
   *
   * @default - Duration.minutes(5) for HTTP/HTTP2/GRPC, Duration.hours(1) for TCP.
   */
  readonly idleTimeout?: Duration;

  /**
   * The amount of time waiting for the upstream to respond with a complete response per request for
   * Service Connect.
   *
   * A value of 0 can be set to disable `perRequestTimeout`.
   * Can only be set when the `appProtocol` for the application container is HTTP/HTTP2/GRPC.
   *
   * If `idleTimeout` is set to a time that is less than `perRequestTimeout`, the connection will close
   * when the `idleTimeout` is reached and not the `perRequestTimeout`.
   *
   * @default - Duration.seconds(15)
   */
  readonly perRequestTimeout?: Duration;
}

/**
 * The properties for the base Ec2Service or FargateService service.
 */
export interface BaseServiceOptions {
  /**
   * The name of the cluster that hosts the service.
   */
  readonly cluster: ICluster;

  /**
   * The desired number of instantiations of the task definition to keep running on the service.
   *
   * @default - When creating the service, default is 1; when updating the service, default uses
   * the current task number.
   */
  readonly desiredCount?: number;

  /**
   * The name of the service.
   *
   * @default - CloudFormation-generated name.
   */
  readonly serviceName?: string;

  /**
   * The maximum number of tasks, specified as a percentage of the Amazon ECS
   * service's DesiredCount value, that can run in a service during a
   * deployment.
   *
   * @default - 100 if daemon, otherwise 200
   */
  readonly maxHealthyPercent?: number;

  /**
   * The minimum number of tasks, specified as a percentage of
   * the Amazon ECS service's DesiredCount value, that must
   * continue to run and remain healthy during a deployment.
   *
   * @default - 0 if daemon, otherwise 50
   */
  readonly minHealthyPercent?: number;

  /**
   * The period of time, in seconds, that the Amazon ECS service scheduler ignores unhealthy
   * Elastic Load Balancing target health checks after a task has first started.
   *
   * @default - defaults to 60 seconds if at least one load balancer is in-use and it is not already set
   */
  readonly healthCheckGracePeriod?: Duration;

  /**
   * The options for configuring an Amazon ECS service to use service discovery.
   *
   * @default - AWS Cloud Map service discovery is not enabled.
   */
  readonly cloudMapOptions?: CloudMapOptions;

  /**
   * Specifies whether to propagate the tags from the task definition or the service to the tasks in the service
   *
   * Valid values are: PropagatedTagSource.SERVICE, PropagatedTagSource.TASK_DEFINITION or PropagatedTagSource.NONE
   *
   * @default PropagatedTagSource.NONE
   */
  readonly propagateTags?: PropagatedTagSource;

  /**
   * Specifies whether to propagate the tags from the task definition or the service to the tasks in the service.
   * Tags can only be propagated to the tasks within the service during service creation.
   *
   * @deprecated Use `propagateTags` instead.
   * @default PropagatedTagSource.NONE
   */
  readonly propagateTaskTagsFrom?: PropagatedTagSource;

  /**
   * Specifies whether to enable Amazon ECS managed tags for the tasks within the service. For more information, see
   * [Tagging Your Amazon ECS Resources](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/ecs-using-tags.html)
   *
   * @default false
   */
  readonly enableECSManagedTags?: boolean;

  /**
   * Specifies which deployment controller to use for the service. For more information, see
   * [Amazon ECS Deployment Types](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/deployment-types.html)
   *
   * @default - Rolling update (ECS)
   */
  readonly deploymentController?: DeploymentController;

  /**
   * Whether to enable the deployment circuit breaker. If this property is defined, circuit breaker will be implicitly
   * enabled.
   * @default - disabled
   */
  readonly circuitBreaker?: DeploymentCircuitBreaker;

  /**
   * The alarm(s) to monitor during deployment, and behavior to apply if at least one enters a state of alarm
   * during the deployment or bake time.
   *
   *
   * @default - No alarms will be monitored during deployment.
   */
  readonly deploymentAlarms?: DeploymentAlarmConfig;

  /**
   * A list of Capacity Provider strategies used to place a service.
   *
   * @default - undefined
   *
   */
  readonly capacityProviderStrategies?: CapacityProviderStrategy[];

  /**
   * Whether to enable the ability to execute into a container
   *
   *  @default - undefined
   */
  readonly enableExecuteCommand?: boolean;

  /**
   * Configuration for Service Connect.
   *
   * @default No ports are advertised via Service Connect on this service, and the service
   * cannot make requests to other services via Service Connect.
   */
  readonly serviceConnectConfiguration?: ServiceConnectProps;

  /**
   * Revision number for the task definition or `latest` to use the latest active task revision.
   *
   * @default - Uses the revision of the passed task definition deployed by CloudFormation
   */
  readonly taskDefinitionRevision?: TaskDefinitionRevision;

  /**
   * Configuration details for a volume used by the service. This allows you to specify
   * details about the EBS volume that can be attched to ECS tasks.
   *
   * @default - undefined
   */
  readonly volumeConfigurations?: ServiceManagedVolume[];
}

/**
 * Complete base service properties that are required to be supplied by the implementation
 * of the BaseService class.
 */
export interface BaseServiceProps extends BaseServiceOptions {
  /**
   * The launch type on which to run your service.
   *
   * LaunchType will be omitted if capacity provider strategies are specified on the service.
   *
   * @see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-ecs-service.html#cfn-ecs-service-capacityproviderstrategy
   *
   * Valid values are: LaunchType.ECS or LaunchType.FARGATE or LaunchType.EXTERNAL
   */
  readonly launchType: LaunchType;
}

/**
 * Base class for configuring listener when registering targets.
 */
export abstract class ListenerConfig {
  /**
   * Create a config for adding target group to ALB listener.
   */
  public static applicationListener(listener: elbv2.ApplicationListener, props?: elbv2.AddApplicationTargetsProps): ListenerConfig {
    return new ApplicationListenerConfig(listener, props);
  }

  /**
   * Create a config for adding target group to NLB listener.
   */
  public static networkListener(listener: elbv2.NetworkListener, props?: elbv2.AddNetworkTargetsProps): ListenerConfig {
    return new NetworkListenerConfig(listener, props);
  }

  /**
   * Create and attach a target group to listener.
   */
  public abstract addTargets(id: string, target: LoadBalancerTargetOptions, service: BaseService): void;
}

/**
 * Class for configuring application load balancer listener when registering targets.
 */
class ApplicationListenerConfig extends ListenerConfig {
  constructor(private readonly listener: elbv2.ApplicationListener, private readonly props?: elbv2.AddApplicationTargetsProps) {
    super();
  }

  /**
   * Create and attach a target group to listener.
   */
  public addTargets(id: string, target: LoadBalancerTargetOptions, service: BaseService) {
    const props = this.props || {};
    const protocol = props.protocol;
    const port = props.port ?? (protocol === elbv2.ApplicationProtocol.HTTPS ? 443 : 80);
    this.listener.addTargets(id, {
      ... props,
      targets: [
        service.loadBalancerTarget({
          ...target,
        }),
      ],
      port,
    });
  }
}

/**
 * Class for configuring network load balancer listener when registering targets.
 */
class NetworkListenerConfig extends ListenerConfig {
  constructor(private readonly listener: elbv2.NetworkListener, private readonly props?: elbv2.AddNetworkTargetsProps) {
    super();
  }

  /**
   * Create and attach a target group to listener.
   */
  public addTargets(id: string, target: LoadBalancerTargetOptions, service: BaseService) {
    const port = this.props?.port ?? 80;
    this.listener.addTargets(id, {
      ... this.props,
      targets: [
        service.loadBalancerTarget({
          ...target,
        }),
      ],
      port,
    });
  }
}

/**
 * The interface for BaseService.
 */
export interface IBaseService extends IService {
  /**
   * The cluster that hosts the service.
   */
  readonly cluster: ICluster;
}

/**
 * The base class for Ec2Service and FargateService services.
 */
export abstract class BaseService extends Resource
  implements IBaseService, elbv2.IApplicationLoadBalancerTarget, elbv2.INetworkLoadBalancerTarget, elb.ILoadBalancerTarget {
  /**
   * Import an existing ECS/Fargate Service using the service cluster format.
   * The format is the "new" format "arn:aws:ecs:region:aws_account_id:service/cluster-name/service-name".
   * @see https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/ecs-account-settings.html#ecs-resource-ids
   */
  public static fromServiceArnWithCluster(scope: Construct, id: string, serviceArn: string): IBaseService {
    const stack = Stack.of(scope);
    const arn = stack.splitArn(serviceArn, ArnFormat.SLASH_RESOURCE_NAME);
    const resourceName = arn.resourceName;
    if (!resourceName) {
      throw new Error(`Missing resource Name from service ARN: ${serviceArn}`);
    }
    const resourceNameParts = resourceName.split('/');
    if (resourceNameParts.length !== 2) {
      throw new Error(`resource name ${resourceName} from service ARN: ${serviceArn} is not using the ARN cluster format`);
    }
    const clusterName = resourceNameParts[0];
    const serviceName = resourceNameParts[1];

    const clusterArn = Stack.of(scope).formatArn({
      partition: arn.partition,
      region: arn.region,
      account: arn.account,
      service: 'ecs',
      resource: 'cluster',
      resourceName: clusterName,
    });

    const cluster = Cluster.fromClusterArn(scope, `${id}Cluster`, clusterArn);

    class Import extends Resource implements IBaseService {
      public readonly serviceArn = serviceArn;
      public readonly serviceName = serviceName;
      public readonly cluster = cluster;
    }

    return new Import(scope, id, {
      environmentFromArn: serviceArn,
    });
  }

  private static MIN_PORT = 1;
  private static MAX_PORT = 65535;

  /**
   * The security groups which manage the allowed network traffic for the service.
   */
  public readonly connections: ec2.Connections = new ec2.Connections();

  /**
   * The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the service.
   */
  public readonly serviceArn: string;

  /**
   * The name of the service.
   *
   * @attribute
   */
  public readonly serviceName: string;

  /**
   * The task definition to use for tasks in the service.
   */
  public readonly taskDefinition: TaskDefinition;

  /**
   * The cluster that hosts the service.
   */
  public readonly cluster: ICluster;

  /**
   * The details of the AWS Cloud Map service.
   */
  protected cloudmapService?: cloudmap.Service;

  /**
   * A list of Elastic Load Balancing load balancer objects, containing the load balancer name, the container
   * name (as it appears in a container definition), and the container port to access from the load balancer.
   */
  protected loadBalancers = new Array<CfnService.LoadBalancerProperty>();

  /**
   * A list of Elastic Load Balancing load balancer objects, containing the load balancer name, the container
   * name (as it appears in a container definition), and the container port to access from the load balancer.
   */
  protected networkConfiguration?: CfnService.NetworkConfigurationProperty;

  /**
   * The deployment alarms property - this will be rendered directly and lazily as the CfnService.alarms
   * property.
   */
  protected deploymentAlarms?: CfnService.DeploymentAlarmsProperty;

  /**
   * The details of the service discovery registries to assign to this service.
   * For more information, see Service Discovery.
   */
  protected serviceRegistries = new Array<CfnService.ServiceRegistryProperty>();

  /**
   * The service connect configuration for this service.
   * @internal
   */
  protected _serviceConnectConfig?: CfnService.ServiceConnectConfigurationProperty;

  private readonly resource: CfnService;
  private scalableTaskCount?: ScalableTaskCount;

  /**
   * All volumes
   */
  private readonly volumes: ServiceManagedVolume[] = [];

  /**
   * Constructs a new instance of the BaseService class.
   */
  constructor(
    scope: Construct,
    id: string,
    props: BaseServiceProps,
    additionalProps: any,
    taskDefinition: TaskDefinition) {
    super(scope, id, {
      physicalName: props.serviceName,
    });

    if (props.propagateTags && props.propagateTaskTagsFrom) {
      throw new Error('You can only specify either propagateTags or propagateTaskTagsFrom. Alternatively, you can leave both blank');
    }

    this.taskDefinition = taskDefinition;

    // launchType will set to undefined if using external DeploymentController or capacityProviderStrategies
    const launchType = props.deploymentController?.type === DeploymentControllerType.EXTERNAL ||
      props.capacityProviderStrategies !== undefined ?
      undefined : props.launchType;

    const propagateTagsFromSource = props.propagateTaskTagsFrom ?? props.propagateTags ?? PropagatedTagSource.NONE;
    const deploymentController = this.getDeploymentController(props);
    this.resource = new CfnService(this, 'Service', {
      desiredCount: props.desiredCount,
      serviceName: this.physicalName,
      loadBalancers: Lazy.any({ produce: () => this.loadBalancers }, { omitEmptyArray: true }),
      deploymentConfiguration: {
        maximumPercent: props.maxHealthyPercent || 200,
        minimumHealthyPercent: props.minHealthyPercent === undefined ? 50 : props.minHealthyPercent,
        deploymentCircuitBreaker: props.circuitBreaker ? {
          enable: props.circuitBreaker.enable ?? true,
          rollback: props.circuitBreaker.rollback ?? false,
        } : undefined,
        alarms: Lazy.any({ produce: () => this.deploymentAlarms }, { omitEmptyArray: true }),
      },
      propagateTags: propagateTagsFromSource === PropagatedTagSource.NONE ? undefined : props.propagateTags,
      enableEcsManagedTags: props.enableECSManagedTags ?? false,
      deploymentController: deploymentController,
      launchType: launchType,
      enableExecuteCommand: props.enableExecuteCommand,
      capacityProviderStrategy: props.capacityProviderStrategies,
      healthCheckGracePeriodSeconds: this.evaluateHealthGracePeriod(props.healthCheckGracePeriod),
      /* role: never specified, supplanted by Service Linked Role */
      networkConfiguration: Lazy.any({ produce: () => this.networkConfiguration }, { omitEmptyArray: true }),
      serviceRegistries: Lazy.any({ produce: () => this.serviceRegistries }, { omitEmptyArray: true }),
      serviceConnectConfiguration: Lazy.any({ produce: () => this._serviceConnectConfig }, { omitEmptyArray: true }),
      volumeConfigurations: Lazy.any({ produce: () => this.renderVolumes() }, { omitEmptyArray: true }),
      ...additionalProps,
    });

    this.node.addDependency(this.taskDefinition.taskRole);

    if (props.deploymentController?.type === DeploymentControllerType.EXTERNAL) {
      Annotations.of(this).addWarningV2('@aws-cdk/aws-ecs:externalDeploymentController', 'taskDefinition and launchType are blanked out when using external deployment controller.');
    }

    if (props.circuitBreaker
        && deploymentController
        && deploymentController.type !== DeploymentControllerType.ECS) {
      Annotations.of(this).addError('Deployment circuit breaker requires the ECS deployment controller.');
    }

    if (props.deploymentAlarms
      && deploymentController
      && deploymentController.type !== DeploymentControllerType.ECS) {
      throw new Error('Deployment alarms requires the ECS deployment controller.');
    }

    if (
      props.deploymentController?.type === DeploymentControllerType.CODE_DEPLOY
      && props.taskDefinitionRevision
      && props.taskDefinitionRevision !== TaskDefinitionRevision.LATEST
    ) {
      throw new Error('CODE_DEPLOY deploymentController can only be used with the `latest` task definition revision');
    }

    if (props.deploymentController?.type === DeploymentControllerType.CODE_DEPLOY) {
      // Strip the revision ID from the service's task definition property to
      // prevent new task def revisions in the stack from triggering updates
      // to the stack's ECS service resource
      this.resource.taskDefinition = taskDefinition.family;
      this.node.addDependency(taskDefinition);
    } else if (props.taskDefinitionRevision) {
      this.resource.taskDefinition = taskDefinition.family;
      if (props.taskDefinitionRevision !== TaskDefinitionRevision.LATEST) {
        this.resource.taskDefinition += `:${props.taskDefinitionRevision.revision}`;
      }
      this.node.addDependency(taskDefinition);
    }

    this.serviceArn = this.getResourceArnAttribute(this.resource.ref, {
      service: 'ecs',
      resource: 'service',
      resourceName: `${props.cluster.clusterName}/${this.physicalName}`,
    });
    this.serviceName = this.getResourceNameAttribute(this.resource.attrName);

    this.cluster = props.cluster;

    if (props.cloudMapOptions) {
      this.enableCloudMap(props.cloudMapOptions);
    }

    if (props.serviceConnectConfiguration) {
      this.enableServiceConnect(props.serviceConnectConfiguration);
    }

    if (props.volumeConfigurations) {
      props.volumeConfigurations.forEach(v => this.addVolume(v));
    }

    if (props.enableExecuteCommand) {
      this.enableExecuteCommand();

      const logging = this.cluster.executeCommandConfiguration?.logging ?? ExecuteCommandLogging.DEFAULT;

      if (this.cluster.executeCommandConfiguration?.kmsKey) {
        this.enableExecuteCommandEncryption(logging);
      }
      if (logging !== ExecuteCommandLogging.NONE) {
        this.executeCommandLogConfiguration();
      }
    }

    if (props.deploymentAlarms) {
      if (props.deploymentAlarms.alarmNames.length === 0) {
        throw new Error('at least one alarm name is required when specifying deploymentAlarms, received empty array');
      }
      this.deploymentAlarms = {
        alarmNames: props.deploymentAlarms.alarmNames,
        enable: true,
        rollback: props.deploymentAlarms.behavior !== AlarmBehavior.FAIL_ON_ALARM,
      };
    // CloudWatch alarms is only supported for Amazon ECS services that use the rolling update (ECS) deployment controller.
    } else if ((!props.deploymentController ||
      props.deploymentController?.type === DeploymentControllerType.ECS) && this.deploymentAlarmsAvailableInRegion()) {
      // Only set default deployment alarms settings when feature flag is not enabled.
      if (!FeatureFlags.of(this).isEnabled(cxapi.ECS_REMOVE_DEFAULT_DEPLOYMENT_ALARM)) {
        this.deploymentAlarms = {
          alarmNames: [],
          enable: false,
          rollback: false,
        };
      }
    }

    this.node.defaultChild = this.resource;
  }

  /**
   * Adds a volume to the Service.
   */
  public addVolume(volume: ServiceManagedVolume) {
    this.volumes.push(volume);
  }

  private renderVolumes(): CfnService.ServiceVolumeConfigurationProperty[] {
    if (this.volumes.length > 1) {
      throw new Error(`Only one EBS volume can be specified for 'volumeConfigurations', got: ${this.volumes.length}`);
    }
    return this.volumes.map(renderVolume);
    function renderVolume(spec: ServiceManagedVolume): CfnService.ServiceVolumeConfigurationProperty {
      const tagSpecifications = spec.config?.tagSpecifications?.map(ebsTagSpec => {
        return {
          resourceType: 'volume',
          propagateTags: ebsTagSpec.propagateTags,
          tags: ebsTagSpec.tags ? Object.entries(ebsTagSpec.tags).map(([key, value]) => ({
            key: key,
            value: value,
          })) : undefined,
        } as CfnService.EBSTagSpecificationProperty;
      });

      return {
        name: spec.name,
        managedEbsVolume: spec.config && {
          roleArn: spec.role.roleArn,
          encrypted: spec.config.encrypted,
          filesystemType: spec.config.fileSystemType,
          iops: spec.config.iops,
          kmsKeyId: spec.config.kmsKeyId?.keyId,
          throughput: spec.config.throughput,
          volumeType: spec.config.volumeType,
          snapshotId: spec.config.snapShotId,
          sizeInGiB: spec.config.size?.toGibibytes(),
          tagSpecifications: tagSpecifications,
        },
      };
    }
  }

  /**
   * Enable Deployment Alarms which take advantage of arbitrary alarms and configure them after service initialization.
   * If you have already enabled deployment alarms, this function can be used to tell ECS about additional alarms that
   * should interrupt a deployment.
   *
   * New alarms specified in subsequent calls of this function will be appended to the existing list of alarms.
   *
   * The same Alarm Behavior must be used on all deployment alarms. If you specify different AlarmBehavior values in
   * multiple calls to this function, or the Alarm Behavior used here doesn't match the one used in the service
   * constructor, an error will be thrown.
   *
   * If the alarm's metric references the service, you cannot pass `Alarm.alarmName` here. That will cause a circular
   * dependency between the service and its deployment alarm. See this package's README for options to alarm on service
   * metrics, and avoid this circular dependency.
   *
   */
  public enableDeploymentAlarms(alarmNames: string[], options?: DeploymentAlarmOptions) {
    if (alarmNames.length === 0 ) {
      throw new Error('at least one alarm name is required when calling enableDeploymentAlarms(), received empty array');
    }

    alarmNames.forEach(alarmName => {
      if (Token.isUnresolved(alarmName)) {
        Annotations.of(this).addInfo(
          `Deployment alarm (${JSON.stringify(this.stack.resolve(alarmName))}) enabled on ${this.node.id} may cause a circular dependency error when this stack deploys. The alarm name references the alarm's logical id, or another resource. See the 'Deployment alarms' section in the module README for more details.`,
        );
      }
    });

    if (this.deploymentAlarms?.enable && options?.behavior) {
      if (
        (AlarmBehavior.ROLLBACK_ON_ALARM === options.behavior && !this.deploymentAlarms.rollback) ||
        (AlarmBehavior.FAIL_ON_ALARM === options.behavior && this.deploymentAlarms.rollback)
      ) {
        throw new Error(`all deployment alarms on an ECS service must have the same AlarmBehavior. Attempted to enable deployment alarms with ${options.behavior}, but alarms were previously enabled with ${this.deploymentAlarms.rollback ? AlarmBehavior.ROLLBACK_ON_ALARM : AlarmBehavior.FAIL_ON_ALARM}`);
      }
    }

    if (!this.deploymentAlarms?.enable) {
      this.deploymentAlarms = {
        enable: true,
        alarmNames: alarmNames,
        rollback: options?.behavior !== AlarmBehavior.FAIL_ON_ALARM,
      };
    } else {
      // If deployment alarms have previously been enabled, we only need to add
      // the new alarm names, since rollback behaviors can't be updated/mixed.
      this.deploymentAlarms.alarmNames.concat(alarmNames);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Enable Service Connect on this service.
   */
  public enableServiceConnect(config?: ServiceConnectProps) {
    if (this._serviceConnectConfig) {
      throw new Error('Service connect configuration cannot be specified more than once.');
    }

    this.validateServiceConnectConfiguration(config);

    let cfg = config || {};

    /**
     * Namespace already exists as validated in validateServiceConnectConfiguration.
     * Resolve which namespace to use by picking:
     * 1. The namespace defined in service connect config.
     * 2. The namespace defined in the cluster's defaultCloudMapNamespace property.
    */
    let namespace;
    if (this.cluster.defaultCloudMapNamespace) {
      namespace = this.cluster.defaultCloudMapNamespace.namespaceName;
    }

    if (cfg.namespace) {
      namespace = cfg.namespace;
    }

    /**
     * Map services to CFN property types. This block manages:
     * 1. Finding the correct port.
     * 2. Client alias enumeration
     */
    const services = cfg.services?.map(svc => {
      const containerPort = this.taskDefinition.findPortMappingByName(svc.portMappingName)?.containerPort;
      if (!containerPort) {
        throw new Error(`Port mapping with name ${svc.portMappingName} does not exist.`);
      }
      const alias = {
        port: svc.port || containerPort,
        dnsName: svc.dnsName,
      };

      return {
        portName: svc.portMappingName,
        discoveryName: svc.discoveryName,
        ingressPortOverride: svc.ingressPortOverride,
        clientAliases: [alias],
        timeout: this.renderTimeout(svc.idleTimeout, svc.perRequestTimeout),
      } as CfnService.ServiceConnectServiceProperty;
    });

    let logConfig: LogDriverConfig | undefined;
    if (cfg.logDriver && this.taskDefinition.defaultContainer) {
      // Default container existence is validated in validateServiceConnectConfiguration.
      // We only need the default container so that bind() can get the task definition from the container definition.
      logConfig = cfg.logDriver.bind(this, this.taskDefinition.defaultContainer);
    }

    this._serviceConnectConfig = {
      enabled: true,
      logConfiguration: logConfig,
      namespace: namespace,
      services: services,
    };
  };

  /**
   * Validate Service Connect Configuration
   */
  private validateServiceConnectConfiguration(config?: ServiceConnectProps) {
    if (!this.taskDefinition.defaultContainer) {
      throw new Error('Task definition must have at least one container to enable service connect.');
    }

    // Check the implicit enable case; when config isn't specified or namespace isn't specified, we need to check that there is a namespace on the cluster.
    if ((!config || !config.namespace) && !this.cluster.defaultCloudMapNamespace) {
      throw new Error('Namespace must be defined either in serviceConnectConfig or cluster.defaultCloudMapNamespace');
    }

    // When config isn't specified, return.
    if (!config) {
      return;
    }

    if (!config.services) {
      return;
    }
    let portNames = new Map<string, string[]>();
    config.services.forEach(serviceConnectService => {
      // port must exist on the task definition
      if (!this.taskDefinition.findPortMappingByName(serviceConnectService.portMappingName)) {
        throw new Error(`Port Mapping '${serviceConnectService.portMappingName}' does not exist on the task definition.`);
      };

      // Check that no two service connect services use the same discovery name.
      const discoveryName = serviceConnectService.discoveryName || serviceConnectService.portMappingName;
      if (portNames.get(serviceConnectService.portMappingName)?.includes(discoveryName)) {
        throw new Error(`Cannot create multiple services with the discoveryName '${discoveryName}'.`);
      }

      let currentDiscoveries = portNames.get(serviceConnectService.portMappingName);
      if (!currentDiscoveries) {
        portNames.set(serviceConnectService.portMappingName, [discoveryName]);
      } else {
        currentDiscoveries.push(discoveryName);
        portNames.set(serviceConnectService.portMappingName, currentDiscoveries);
      }

      // IngressPortOverride should be within the valid port range if it exists.
      if (serviceConnectService.ingressPortOverride && !this.isValidPort(serviceConnectService.ingressPortOverride)) {
        throw new Error(`ingressPortOverride ${serviceConnectService.ingressPortOverride} is not valid.`);
      }

      // clientAlias.port should be within the valid port range
      if (serviceConnectService.port &&
        !this.isValidPort(serviceConnectService.port)) {
        throw new Error(`Client Alias port ${serviceConnectService.port} is not valid.`);
      }
    });
  }

  /**
   * Determines if a port is valid
   *
   * @param port: The port number
   * @returns boolean whether the port is valid
   */
  private isValidPort(port?: number): boolean {
    return !!(port && Number.isInteger(port) && port >= BaseService.MIN_PORT && port <= BaseService.MAX_PORT);
  }

  /**
   * The CloudMap service created for this service, if any.
   */
  public get cloudMapService(): cloudmap.IService | undefined {
    return this.cloudmapService;
  }

  private getDeploymentController(props: BaseServiceProps): DeploymentController | undefined {
    if (props.deploymentController) {
      // The customer is always right
      return props.deploymentController;
    }
    const disableCircuitBreakerEcsDeploymentControllerFeatureFlag =
        FeatureFlags.of(this).isEnabled(cxapi.ECS_DISABLE_EXPLICIT_DEPLOYMENT_CONTROLLER_FOR_CIRCUIT_BREAKER);

    if (!disableCircuitBreakerEcsDeploymentControllerFeatureFlag && props.circuitBreaker) {
      // This is undesirable behavior (the controller is implicitly ECS anyway when left
      // undefined, so specifying it is not necessary but DOES trigger a CFN replacement)
      // but we leave it in for backwards compat.
      return {
        type: DeploymentControllerType.ECS,
      };
    }

    return undefined;
  }

  private executeCommandLogConfiguration() {
    const logConfiguration = this.cluster.executeCommandConfiguration?.logConfiguration;
    this.taskDefinition.addToTaskRolePolicy(new iam.PolicyStatement({
      actions: [
        'logs:DescribeLogGroups',
      ],
      resources: ['*'],
    }));

    const logGroupArn = logConfiguration?.cloudWatchLogGroup ? `arn:${this.stack.partition}:logs:${this.env.region}:${this.env.account}:log-group:${logConfiguration.cloudWatchLogGroup.logGroupName}:*` : '*';
    this.taskDefinition.addToTaskRolePolicy(new iam.PolicyStatement({
      actions: [
        'logs:CreateLogStream',
        'logs:DescribeLogStreams',
        'logs:PutLogEvents',
      ],
      resources: [logGroupArn],
    }));

    if (logConfiguration?.s3Bucket?.bucketName) {
      this.taskDefinition.addToTaskRolePolicy(new iam.PolicyStatement({
        actions: [
          's3:GetBucketLocation',
        ],
        resources: ['*'],
      }));
      this.taskDefinition.addToTaskRolePolicy(new iam.PolicyStatement({
        actions: [
          's3:PutObject',
        ],
        resources: [`arn:${this.stack.partition}:s3:::${logConfiguration.s3Bucket.bucketName}/*`],
      }));
      if (logConfiguration.s3EncryptionEnabled) {
        this.taskDefinition.addToTaskRolePolicy(new iam.PolicyStatement({
          actions: [
            's3:GetEncryptionConfiguration',
          ],
          resources: [`arn:${this.stack.partition}:s3:::${logConfiguration.s3Bucket.bucketName}`],
        }));
      }
    }
  }

  private enableExecuteCommandEncryption(logging: ExecuteCommandLogging) {
    this.taskDefinition.addToTaskRolePolicy(new iam.PolicyStatement({
      actions: [
        'kms:Decrypt',
        'kms:GenerateDataKey',
      ],
      resources: [`${this.cluster.executeCommandConfiguration?.kmsKey?.keyArn}`],
    }));

    this.cluster.executeCommandConfiguration?.kmsKey?.addToResourcePolicy(new iam.PolicyStatement({
      actions: [
        'kms:*',
      ],
      resources: ['*'],
      principals: [new iam.ArnPrincipal(`arn:${this.stack.partition}:iam::${this.env.account}:root`)],
    }));

    if (logging === ExecuteCommandLogging.DEFAULT || this.cluster.executeCommandConfiguration?.logConfiguration?.cloudWatchEncryptionEnabled) {
      this.cluster.executeCommandConfiguration?.kmsKey?.addToResourcePolicy(new iam.PolicyStatement({
        actions: [
          'kms:Encrypt*',
          'kms:Decrypt*',
          'kms:ReEncrypt*',
          'kms:GenerateDataKey*',
          'kms:Describe*',
        ],
        resources: ['*'],
        principals: [new iam.ServicePrincipal(`logs.${this.env.region}.amazonaws.com`)],
        conditions: {
          ArnLike: { 'kms:EncryptionContext:aws:logs:arn': `arn:${this.stack.partition}:logs:${this.env.region}:${this.env.account}:*` },
        },
      }));
    }
  }

  /**
   * This method is called to attach this service to an Application Load Balancer.
   *
   * Don't call this function directly. Instead, call `listener.addTargets()`
   * to add this service to a load balancer.
   */
  public attachToApplicationTargetGroup(targetGroup: elbv2.IApplicationTargetGroup): elbv2.LoadBalancerTargetProps {
    return this.defaultLoadBalancerTarget.attachToApplicationTargetGroup(targetGroup);
  }

  /**
   * Registers the service as a target of a Classic Load Balancer (CLB).
   *
   * Don't call this. Call `loadBalancer.addTarget()` instead.
   */
  public attachToClassicLB(loadBalancer: elb.LoadBalancer): void {
    return this.defaultLoadBalancerTarget.attachToClassicLB(loadBalancer);
  }

  /**
   * Return a load balancing target for a specific container and port.
   *
   * Use this function to create a load balancer target if you want to load balance to
   * another container than the first essential container or the first mapped port on
   * the container.
   *
   * Use the return value of this function where you would normally use a load balancer
   * target, instead of the `Service` object itself.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * declare const listener: elbv2.ApplicationListener;
   * declare const service: ecs.BaseService;
   * listener.addTargets('ECS', {
   *   port: 80,
   *   targets: [service.loadBalancerTarget({
   *     containerName: 'MyContainer',
   *     containerPort: 1234,
   *   })],
   * });
   */
  public loadBalancerTarget(options: LoadBalancerTargetOptions): IEcsLoadBalancerTarget {
    const self = this;
    const target = this.taskDefinition._validateTarget(options);
    const connections = self.connections;
    return {
      attachToApplicationTargetGroup(targetGroup: elbv2.ApplicationTargetGroup): elbv2.LoadBalancerTargetProps {
        targetGroup.registerConnectable(self, self.taskDefinition._portRangeFromPortMapping(target.portMapping));
        return self.attachToELBv2(targetGroup, target.containerName, target.portMapping.containerPort!);
      },
      attachToNetworkTargetGroup(targetGroup: elbv2.NetworkTargetGroup): elbv2.LoadBalancerTargetProps {
        return self.attachToELBv2(targetGroup, target.containerName, target.portMapping.containerPort!);
      },
      connections,
      attachToClassicLB(loadBalancer: elb.LoadBalancer): void {
        return self.attachToELB(loadBalancer, target.containerName, target.portMapping.containerPort!);
      },
    };
  }

  /**
   * Use this function to create all load balancer targets to be registered in this service, add them to
   * target groups, and attach target groups to listeners accordingly.
   *
   * Alternatively, you can use `listener.addTargets()` to create targets and add them to target groups.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * declare const listener: elbv2.ApplicationListener;
   * declare const service: ecs.BaseService;
   * service.registerLoadBalancerTargets(
   *   {
   *     containerName: 'web',
   *     containerPort: 80,
   *     newTargetGroupId: 'ECS',
   *     listener: ecs.ListenerConfig.applicationListener(listener, {
   *       protocol: elbv2.ApplicationProtocol.HTTPS
   *     }),
   *   },
   * )
   */
  public registerLoadBalancerTargets(...targets: EcsTarget[]) {
    for (const target of targets) {
      target.listener.addTargets(target.newTargetGroupId, {
        containerName: target.containerName,
        containerPort: target.containerPort,
        protocol: target.protocol,
      }, this);
    }
  }

  /**
   * This method is called to attach this service to a Network Load Balancer.
   *
   * Don't call this function directly. Instead, call `listener.addTargets()`
   * to add this service to a load balancer.
   */
  public attachToNetworkTargetGroup(targetGroup: elbv2.INetworkTargetGroup): elbv2.LoadBalancerTargetProps {
    return this.defaultLoadBalancerTarget.attachToNetworkTargetGroup(targetGroup);
  }

  /**
   * An attribute representing the minimum and maximum task count for an AutoScalingGroup.
   */
  public autoScaleTaskCount(props: appscaling.EnableScalingProps) {
    if (this.scalableTaskCount) {
      throw new Error('AutoScaling of task count already enabled for this service');
    }

    return this.scalableTaskCount = new ScalableTaskCount(this, 'TaskCount', {
      serviceNamespace: appscaling.ServiceNamespace.ECS,
      resourceId: `service/${this.cluster.clusterName}/${this.serviceName}`,
      dimension: 'ecs:service:DesiredCount',
      role: this.makeAutoScalingRole(),
      ...props,
    });
  }

  /**
   * Enable CloudMap service discovery for the service
   *
   * @returns The created CloudMap service
   */
  public enableCloudMap(options: CloudMapOptions): cloudmap.Service {
    const sdNamespace = options.cloudMapNamespace ?? this.cluster.defaultCloudMapNamespace;
    if (sdNamespace === undefined) {
      throw new Error('Cannot enable service discovery if a Cloudmap Namespace has not been created in the cluster.');
    }

    if (sdNamespace.type === cloudmap.NamespaceType.HTTP) {
      throw new Error('Cannot enable DNS service discovery for HTTP Cloudmap Namespace.');
    }

    // Determine DNS type based on network mode
    const networkMode = this.taskDefinition.networkMode;
    if (networkMode === NetworkMode.NONE) {
      throw new Error('Cannot use a service discovery if NetworkMode is None. Use Bridge, Host or AwsVpc instead.');
    }

    // Bridge or host network mode requires SRV records
    let dnsRecordType = options.dnsRecordType;

    if (networkMode === NetworkMode.BRIDGE || networkMode === NetworkMode.HOST) {
      if (dnsRecordType === undefined) {
        dnsRecordType = cloudmap.DnsRecordType.SRV;
      }
      if (dnsRecordType !== cloudmap.DnsRecordType.SRV) {
        throw new Error('SRV records must be used when network mode is Bridge or Host.');
      }
    }

    // Default DNS record type for AwsVpc network mode is A Records
    if (networkMode === NetworkMode.AWS_VPC) {
      if (dnsRecordType === undefined) {
        dnsRecordType = cloudmap.DnsRecordType.A;
      }
    }

    const { containerName, containerPort } = determineContainerNameAndPort({
      taskDefinition: this.taskDefinition,
      dnsRecordType: dnsRecordType!,
      container: options.container,
      containerPort: options.containerPort,
    });

    const cloudmapService = new cloudmap.Service(this, 'CloudmapService', {
      namespace: sdNamespace,
      name: options.name,
      dnsRecordType: dnsRecordType!,
      customHealthCheck: { failureThreshold: options.failureThreshold || 1 },
      dnsTtl: options.dnsTtl,
    });

    const serviceArn = cloudmapService.serviceArn;

    // add Cloudmap service to the ECS Service's serviceRegistry
    this.addServiceRegistry({
      arn: serviceArn,
      containerName,
      containerPort,
    });

    this.cloudmapService = cloudmapService;

    return cloudmapService;
  }

  /**
   * Associates this service with a CloudMap service
   */
  public associateCloudMapService(options: AssociateCloudMapServiceOptions): void {
    const service = options.service;

    const { containerName, containerPort } = determineContainerNameAndPort({
      taskDefinition: this.taskDefinition,
      dnsRecordType: service.dnsRecordType,
      container: options.container,
      containerPort: options.containerPort,
    });

    // add Cloudmap service to the ECS Service's serviceRegistry
    this.addServiceRegistry({
      arn: service.serviceArn,
      containerName,
      containerPort,
    });
  }

  /**
   * This method returns the specified CloudWatch metric name for this service.
   */
  public metric(metricName: string, props?: cloudwatch.MetricOptions): cloudwatch.Metric {
    return new cloudwatch.Metric({
      namespace: 'AWS/ECS',
      metricName,
      dimensionsMap: { ClusterName: this.cluster.clusterName, ServiceName: this.serviceName },
      ...props,
    }).attachTo(this);
  }

  /**
   * This method returns the CloudWatch metric for this service's memory utilization.
   *
   * @default average over 5 minutes
   */
  public metricMemoryUtilization(props?: cloudwatch.MetricOptions): cloudwatch.Metric {
    return this.metric('MemoryUtilization', props);
  }

  /**
   * This method returns the CloudWatch metric for this service's CPU utilization.
   *
   * @default average over 5 minutes
   */
  public metricCpuUtilization(props?: cloudwatch.MetricOptions): cloudwatch.Metric {
    return this.metric('CPUUtilization', props);
  }

  /**
   * This method is called to create a networkConfiguration.
   * @deprecated use configureAwsVpcNetworkingWithSecurityGroups instead.
   */
  // eslint-disable-next-line max-len
  protected configureAwsVpcNetworking(vpc: ec2.IVpc, assignPublicIp?: boolean, vpcSubnets?: ec2.SubnetSelection, securityGroup?: ec2.ISecurityGroup) {
    if (vpcSubnets === undefined) {
      vpcSubnets = assignPublicIp ? { subnetType: ec2.SubnetType.PUBLIC } : {};
    }
    if (securityGroup === undefined) {
      securityGroup = new ec2.SecurityGroup(this, 'SecurityGroup', { vpc });
    }
    this.connections.addSecurityGroup(securityGroup);

    this.networkConfiguration = {
      awsvpcConfiguration: {
        assignPublicIp: assignPublicIp ? 'ENABLED' : 'DISABLED',
        subnets: vpc.selectSubnets(vpcSubnets).subnetIds,
        securityGroups: Lazy.list({ produce: () => [securityGroup!.securityGroupId] }),
      },
    };
  }

  /**
   * This method is called to create a networkConfiguration.
   */
  // eslint-disable-next-line max-len
  protected configureAwsVpcNetworkingWithSecurityGroups(vpc: ec2.IVpc, assignPublicIp?: boolean, vpcSubnets?: ec2.SubnetSelection, securityGroups?: ec2.ISecurityGroup[]) {
    if (vpcSubnets === undefined) {
      vpcSubnets = assignPublicIp ? { subnetType: ec2.SubnetType.PUBLIC } : {};
    }
    if (securityGroups === undefined || securityGroups.length === 0) {
      securityGroups = [new ec2.SecurityGroup(this, 'SecurityGroup', { vpc })];
    }

    securityGroups.forEach((sg) => { this.connections.addSecurityGroup(sg); }, this);

    this.networkConfiguration = {
      awsvpcConfiguration: {
        assignPublicIp: assignPublicIp ? 'ENABLED' : 'DISABLED',
        subnets: vpc.selectSubnets(vpcSubnets).subnetIds,
        securityGroups: securityGroups.map((sg) => sg.securityGroupId),
      },
    };
  }

  private renderServiceRegistry(registry: ServiceRegistry): CfnService.ServiceRegistryProperty {
    return {
      registryArn: registry.arn,
      containerName: registry.containerName,
      containerPort: registry.containerPort,
    };
  }

  /**
   * Shared logic for attaching to an ELB
   */
  private attachToELB(loadBalancer: elb.LoadBalancer, containerName: string, containerPort: number): void {
    if (this.taskDefinition.networkMode === NetworkMode.AWS_VPC) {
      throw new Error('Cannot use a Classic Load Balancer if NetworkMode is AwsVpc. Use Host or Bridge instead.');
    }
    if (this.taskDefinition.networkMode === NetworkMode.NONE) {
      throw new Error('Cannot use a Classic Load Balancer if NetworkMode is None. Use Host or Bridge instead.');
    }

    this.loadBalancers.push({
      loadBalancerName: loadBalancer.loadBalancerName,
      containerName,
      containerPort,
    });
  }

  /**
   * Shared logic for attaching to an ELBv2
   */
  private attachToELBv2(targetGroup: elbv2.ITargetGroup, containerName: string, containerPort: number): elbv2.LoadBalancerTargetProps {
    if (this.taskDefinition.networkMode === NetworkMode.NONE) {
      throw new Error('Cannot use a load balancer if NetworkMode is None. Use Bridge, Host or AwsVpc instead.');
    }

    this.loadBalancers.push({
      targetGroupArn: targetGroup.targetGroupArn,
      containerName,
      containerPort,
    });

    // Service creation can only happen after the load balancer has
    // been associated with our target group(s), so add ordering dependency.
    this.resource.node.addDependency(targetGroup.loadBalancerAttached);

    const targetType = this.taskDefinition.networkMode === NetworkMode.AWS_VPC ? elbv2.TargetType.IP : elbv2.TargetType.INSTANCE;
    return { targetType };
  }

  private get defaultLoadBalancerTarget() {
    return this.loadBalancerTarget({
      containerName: this.taskDefinition.defaultContainer!.containerName,
    });
  }

  /**
   * Generate the role that will be used for autoscaling this service
   */
  private makeAutoScalingRole(): iam.IRole {
    // Use a Service Linked Role.
    return iam.Role.fromRoleArn(this, 'ScalingRole', Stack.of(this).formatArn({
      region: '',
      service: 'iam',
      resource: 'role/aws-service-role/ecs.application-autoscaling.amazonaws.com',
      resourceName: 'AWSServiceRoleForApplicationAutoScaling_ECSService',
    }));
  }

  /**
   * Associate Service Discovery (Cloud Map) service
   */
  private addServiceRegistry(registry: ServiceRegistry) {
    if (this.serviceRegistries.length >= 1) {
      throw new Error('Cannot associate with the given service discovery registry. ECS supports at most one service registry per service.');
    }

    const sr = this.renderServiceRegistry(registry);
    this.serviceRegistries.push(sr);
  }

  /**
   *  Return the default grace period when load balancers are configured and
   *  healthCheckGracePeriod is not already set
   */
  private evaluateHealthGracePeriod(providedHealthCheckGracePeriod?: Duration): IResolvable {
    return Lazy.any({
      produce: () => providedHealthCheckGracePeriod?.toSeconds() ?? (this.loadBalancers.length > 0 ? 60 : undefined),
    });
  }

  private enableExecuteCommand() {
    this.taskDefinition.addToTaskRolePolicy(new iam.PolicyStatement({
      actions: [
        'ssmmessages:CreateControlChannel',
        'ssmmessages:CreateDataChannel',
        'ssmmessages:OpenControlChannel',
        'ssmmessages:OpenDataChannel',
      ],
      resources: ['*'],
    }));
  }

  private deploymentAlarmsAvailableInRegion(): boolean {
    const unsupportedPartitions = ['aws-cn', 'aws-us-gov', 'aws-iso', 'aws-iso-b'];
    const currentRegion = RegionInfo.get(this.stack.resolve(this.stack.region));
    if (currentRegion.partition) {
      return !unsupportedPartitions.includes(currentRegion.partition);
    }
    return true;
  }

  private renderTimeout(idleTimeout?: Duration, perRequestTimeout?: Duration): CfnService.TimeoutConfigurationProperty | undefined {
    if (!idleTimeout && !perRequestTimeout) return undefined;
    if (idleTimeout && idleTimeout.toMilliseconds() > 0 && idleTimeout.toMilliseconds() < Duration.seconds(1).toMilliseconds()) {
      throw new Error(`idleTimeout must be at least 1 second or 0 to disable it, got ${idleTimeout.toMilliseconds()}ms.`);
    }
    if (perRequestTimeout && perRequestTimeout.toMilliseconds() > 0 && perRequestTimeout.toMilliseconds() < Duration.seconds(1).toMilliseconds()) {
      throw new Error(`perRequestTimeout must be at least 1 second or 0 to disable it, got ${perRequestTimeout.toMilliseconds()}ms.`);
    }
    return {
      idleTimeoutSeconds: idleTimeout?.toSeconds(),
      perRequestTimeoutSeconds: perRequestTimeout?.toSeconds(),
    };
  }
}

/**
 * The options to enabling AWS Cloud Map for an Amazon ECS service.
 */
export interface CloudMapOptions {
  /**
   * The name of the Cloud Map service to attach to the ECS service.
   *
   * @default CloudFormation-generated name
   */
  readonly name?: string;

  /**
   * The service discovery namespace for the Cloud Map service to attach to the ECS service.
   *
   * @default - the defaultCloudMapNamespace associated to the cluster
   */
  readonly cloudMapNamespace?: cloudmap.INamespace;

  /**
   * The DNS record type that you want AWS Cloud Map to create. The supported record types are A or SRV.
   *
   * @default - DnsRecordType.A if TaskDefinition.networkMode = AWS_VPC, otherwise DnsRecordType.SRV
   */
  readonly dnsRecordType?: cloudmap.DnsRecordType.A | cloudmap.DnsRecordType.SRV;

  /**
   * The amount of time that you want DNS resolvers to cache the settings for this record.
   *
   * @default Duration.minutes(1)
   */
  readonly dnsTtl?: Duration;

  /**
   * The number of 30-second intervals that you want Cloud Map to wait after receiving an UpdateInstanceCustomHealthStatus
   * request before it changes the health status of a service instance.
   *
   * NOTE: This is used for HealthCheckCustomConfig
   */
  readonly failureThreshold?: number;

  /**
   * The container to point to for a SRV record.
   * @default - the task definition's default container
   */
  readonly container?: ContainerDefinition;

  /**
   * The port to point to for a SRV record.
   * @default - the default port of the task definition's default container
   */
  readonly containerPort?: number;
}

/**
 * The options for using a cloudmap service.
 */
export interface AssociateCloudMapServiceOptions {
  /**
   * The cloudmap service to register with.
   */
  readonly service: cloudmap.IService;

  /**
   * The container to point to for a SRV record.
   * @default - the task definition's default container
   */
  readonly container?: ContainerDefinition;

  /**
   * The port to point to for a SRV record.
   * @default - the default port of the task definition's default container
   */
  readonly containerPort?: number;
}

/**
 * Service Registry for ECS service
 */
interface ServiceRegistry {
  /**
   * Arn of the Cloud Map Service that will register a Cloud Map Instance for your ECS Service
   */
  readonly arn: string;

  /**
   * The container name value, already specified in the task definition, to be used for your service discovery service.
   * If the task definition that your service task specifies uses the bridge or host network mode,
   * you must specify a containerName and containerPort combination from the task definition.
   * If the task definition that your service task specifies uses the awsvpc network mode and a type SRV DNS record is
   * used, you must specify either a containerName and containerPort combination or a port value, but not both.
   */
  readonly containerName?: string;

  /**
   * The container port value, already specified in the task definition, to be used for your service discovery service.
   * If the task definition that your service task specifies uses the bridge or host network mode,
   * you must specify a containerName and containerPort combination from the task definition.
   * If the task definition that your service task specifies uses the awsvpc network mode and a type SRV DNS record is
   * used, you must specify either a containerName and containerPort combination or a port value, but not both.
   */
  readonly containerPort?: number;
}

/**
 * The launch type of an ECS service
 */
export enum LaunchType {
  /**
   * The service will be launched using the EC2 launch type
   */
  EC2 = 'EC2',

  /**
   * The service will be launched using the FARGATE launch type
   */
  FARGATE = 'FARGATE',

  /**
   * The service will be launched using the EXTERNAL launch type
   */
  EXTERNAL = 'EXTERNAL',
}

/**
 * The deployment controller type to use for the service.
 */
export enum DeploymentControllerType {
  /**
   * The rolling update (ECS) deployment type involves replacing the current
   * running version of the container with the latest version.
   */
  ECS = 'ECS',

  /**
   * The blue/green (CODE_DEPLOY) deployment type uses the blue/green deployment model powered by AWS CodeDeploy
   */
  CODE_DEPLOY = 'CODE_DEPLOY',

  /**
   * The external (EXTERNAL) deployment type enables you to use any third-party deployment controller
   */
  EXTERNAL = 'EXTERNAL',
}

/**
 * Propagate tags from either service or task definition
 */
export enum PropagatedTagSource {
  /**
   * Propagate tags from service
   */
  SERVICE = 'SERVICE',

  /**
   * Propagate tags from task definition
   */
  TASK_DEFINITION = 'TASK_DEFINITION',

  /**
   * Do not propagate
   */
  NONE = 'NONE',
}

/**
 * Options for `determineContainerNameAndPort`
 */
interface DetermineContainerNameAndPortOptions {
  dnsRecordType: cloudmap.DnsRecordType;
  taskDefinition: TaskDefinition;
  container?: ContainerDefinition;
  containerPort?: number;
}

/**
 * Determine the name of the container and port to target for the service registry.
 */
function determineContainerNameAndPort(options: DetermineContainerNameAndPortOptions) {
  // If the record type is SRV, then provide the containerName and containerPort to target.
  // We use the name of the default container and the default port of the default container
  // unless the user specifies otherwise.
  if (options.dnsRecordType === cloudmap.DnsRecordType.SRV) {
    // Ensure the user-provided container is from the right task definition.
    if (options.container && options.container.taskDefinition != options.taskDefinition) {
      throw new Error('Cannot add discovery for a container from another task definition');
    }

    const container = options.container ?? options.taskDefinition.defaultContainer!;

    // Ensure that any port given by the user is mapped.
    if (options.containerPort && !container.portMappings.some(mapping => mapping.containerPort === options.containerPort)) {
      throw new Error('Cannot add discovery for a container port that has not been mapped');
    }

    return {
      containerName: container.containerName,
      containerPort: options.containerPort ?? options.taskDefinition.defaultContainer!.containerPort,
    };
  }

  return {};
}