diff --git a/.azure-pipelines-steps.yml b/.azure-pipelines-steps.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5c170b1a2412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.azure-pipelines-steps.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#
+# Steps for building and testing Jest. See jobs defined in .azure-pipelines.yml
+# 
+
+# Clones the repo
+steps:
+- checkout: self
+
+# Ensure Node.js 10 is active
+- task: NodeTool@0
+  inputs:
+    versionSpec: '10.x'
+  displayName: 'Use Node.js 10'
+
+# Ensure Python 2.7 is active
+- task: UsePythonVersion@0
+  inputs:
+    versionSpec: '2.7'
+  displayName: 'Use Python 2.7'
+
+# Workaround to move source files under a "jest" folder (see .azure-pipelines.yml for details)
+- script: |
+    cd /
+    mv $(Build.Repository.LocalPath) $(JEST_DIR)
+    mkdir $(Build.Repository.LocalPath)
+  displayName: 'Move source into jest folder'
+
+# Run yarn to install dependencies and build
+- script: yarn
+  workingDirectory: $(JEST_DIR)
+  displayName: 'Install dependencies and build'
+
+# Run test-ci-partial
+- script: yarn run test-ci-partial
+  workingDirectory: $(JEST_DIR)
+  displayName: 'Run tests'
+
+# Publish CI test results
+- task: PublishTestResults@2
+  inputs:
+    testResultsFiles: '**/reports/junit/*.xml'
+    searchFolder: $(JEST_DIR)
+    testRunTitle: 'CI Tests $(Agent.OS)'
+  displayName: 'Publish test results'
+  condition: succeededOrFailed()
diff --git a/.azure-pipelines.yml b/.azure-pipelines.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..75a8d7b00508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#
+# Azure Pipelines configuration for building and testing Jest on Linux, Windows, and macOS.
+#
+
+jobs:
+- job: Linux
+  pool:
+    vmImage: ubuntu-16.04
+  steps:
+  - template: .azure-pipelines-steps.yml
+
+- job: Windows
+  pool:
+    vmImage: vs2017-win2016
+  steps:
+  - script: |
+      git config --global core.autocrlf false
+      git config --global core.symlinks true
+    displayName: 'Preserve LF endings and symbolic links on check out'
+  - template: .azure-pipelines-steps.yml
+
+- job: macOS
+  pool:
+    vmImage: macos-10.13
+  steps:
+  # This step can be removed once Mercurial gets installed on the macOS image. See https://github.com/Microsoft/azure-pipelines-image-generation/issues/604
+  - script: HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1 brew install mercurial
+    displayName: 'Install Mercurial'
+  - template: .azure-pipelines-steps.yml
+
+variables:
+  # Used by chalk. Ensures output from Jest includes ANSI escape characters that are needed to match test snapshots.
+  FORCE_COLOR: 1
+
+  # By default, Azure Pipelines clones to an "s" directory, which causes tests to fail due to assumption of Jest being run from a "jest" directory.
+  # See packages/jest-message-util/src/index.js PATH_JEST_PACKAGES for more details.
+  JEST_DIR: $(Agent.BuildDirectory)/jest
+  
+  # Ensures the handful of tests that should be skipped during CI are
+  CI: true
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 110188111a8c..75e8894b3e4a 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@
 - `[docs]` Add `testPathIgnorePatterns` in CLI documentation ([#7440](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/7440))
 - `[docs]` Removed misleading text about `describe()` grouping together tests into a test suite ([#7434](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/7434))
 - `[*]` Replace as many `Object.assign` with object spread as possible
+- `[ci]` Initial support for Azure Pipelines ([#7556](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/7556))
 
 ### Performance
 
diff --git a/e2e/Utils.js b/e2e/Utils.js
index c99ae907ce33..5588bb9d235e 100644
--- a/e2e/Utils.js
+++ b/e2e/Utils.js
@@ -137,9 +137,11 @@ export const createEmptyPackage = (
 };
 
 export const extractSummary = (stdout: string) => {
-  const match = stdout.match(
-    /Test Suites:.*\nTests.*\nSnapshots.*\nTime.*(\nRan all test suites)*.*\n*$/gm,
-  );
+  const match = stdout
+    .replace(/(?:\\[rn])+/g, '\n')
+    .match(
+      /Test Suites:.*\nTests.*\nSnapshots.*\nTime.*(\nRan all test suites)*.*\n*$/gm,
+    );
   if (!match) {
     throw new Error(
       `
diff --git a/e2e/__tests__/hasteMapSize.test.js b/e2e/__tests__/hasteMapSize.test.js
index 8daf564d28d2..160bf08e0db6 100644
--- a/e2e/__tests__/hasteMapSize.test.js
+++ b/e2e/__tests__/hasteMapSize.test.js
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ import os from 'os';
 import path from 'path';
 import HasteMap from 'jest-haste-map';
 import {cleanup, writeFiles} from '../Utils';
+import {sync as realpath} from 'realpath-native';
 
-const DIR = path.resolve(os.tmpdir(), 'haste_map_size');
+const DIR = path.resolve(realpath(os.tmpdir()), 'haste_map_size');
 
 beforeEach(() => {
   cleanup(DIR);
diff --git a/e2e/runJest.js b/e2e/runJest.js
index 9095e9a54a39..3c49bfc8b383 100644
--- a/e2e/runJest.js
+++ b/e2e/runJest.js
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export default function runJest(
   args?: Array<string>,
   options: RunJestOptions = {},
 ) {
-  const isRelative = dir[0] !== '/';
+  const isRelative = !path.isAbsolute(dir);
 
   if (isRelative) {
     dir = path.resolve(__dirname, dir);
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export const until = async function(
   text: string,
   options: RunJestOptions = {},
 ) {
-  const isRelative = dir[0] !== '/';
+  const isRelative = !path.isAbsolute(dir);
 
   if (isRelative) {
     dir = path.resolve(__dirname, dir);
diff --git a/packages/jest-config/src/getCacheDirectory.js b/packages/jest-config/src/getCacheDirectory.js
index 36bae7092d15..587d9c21fdb6 100644
--- a/packages/jest-config/src/getCacheDirectory.js
+++ b/packages/jest-config/src/getCacheDirectory.js
@@ -10,15 +10,19 @@
 const path = require('path');
 const os = require('os');
 
+import {sync as realpath} from 'realpath-native';
+
 const getCacheDirectory = () => {
   const {getuid} = process;
+  const tmpdir = path.join(realpath(os.tmpdir()), 'jest');
   if (getuid == null) {
-    return path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'jest');
+    return tmpdir;
+  } else {
+    // On some platforms tmpdir() is `/tmp`, causing conflicts between different
+    // users and permission issues. Adding an additional subdivision by UID can
+    // help.
+    return `${tmpdir}_${getuid.call(process).toString(36)}`;
   }
-  // On some platforms tmpdir() is `/tmp`, causing conflicts between different
-  // users and permission issues. Adding an additional subdivision by UID can
-  // help.
-  return path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'jest_' + getuid.call(process).toString(36));
 };
 
 export default getCacheDirectory;