[Argo] Memoization storage

[nate-double-u]

Memoization is a feature that allows users to run workflows faster by avoiding repeating work that has already been done. Currently, memoization uses a Kubernetes ConfigMap for storage. This will not scale to large number of entries and it requires elevated RBAC. We'd like to make this extensible that could support additional storage systems to store step memoization cache for Argo Workflows.

Mentor(s): Yuan Tang (@terrytangyuan) and Alex Collins (@alexec)

For more information, please see: https://github.com/cncf/mentoring/blob/main/summerofcode/2022.md#memoization-storage