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README
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An eforth Subroutine Threaded Code for 64 bits x86 PC hcchen5600 2011/12/29
What is it?
eforth 原本是用 MASM 寫的 x86 16bits DOS 程式。我把它改成 x86 64bits STC。如此一
來 PC BIOS 整個 run time service 都不能用了，所以 keyboard input, display output
都要從頭寫起，當然也不會有 Operating System. 目前沒有讀寫 disk 的能力，用 floppy 開
機進 eforth64 的過程只有最初一點點靠 BIOS 做，隨後進了 64 bits mode 之後就全都是
eforth64 自己了。
最終結果是個 Bootable floppy image floppy.img with a special MBR boot sector that
enters 64-bits long mode directly, load eforth64 kernel eforth64.bin to 0x100000,
and all forth source code .f files right after it, and then jump to 0x100000 從此
都是 eforth64 的天下了。
eforth64 kernal 'cold' loads forth source code from memory right after itself
then 'quit'.
All console i/o words are defined in forth source so they are necessary while kernel
does not have the ability to communicate with user.
Quick Start
解開 eforth64_r20.zip 到某 working folder。執行 run.bat 即可跑出 eforth 64-bits.
敲 words 查看所有的命令， 敲 see swap 看 disassembly 的效果，照下面 「實用的
Debug registers demo」 的 demo 附件玩一遍，15 分鐘以內完成。
What's new?
Vocabulary
================
Support vocabulary. Forth words 可以分組，稱組別為 vocabulary 或 wordlist. eforth64 因為
supports assembly disassembly 以及 interrupts 致使 words 裡有太多 CPU instructions, ISR
routines, etc 顯得非常雜亂，user 需要用的 words 埋沒在裡面看不到。有了 vocabulary 就可以
為 words 歸類分組，整理清爽。
以 words 說明：
words 以前，會按定義的順序列出「所有的 word」混成一大團.
現在，分組列出，同一 vocabulary 裡按定義順序同前。
words debug 以前，不認得後綴的 arguments.
現在，只列出 debug vocabulary 裡的 words.
Vocabulary 可以自訂。 一開始定好的如下 :
forth Forth words
assembler assembler words
disassembler disassembler words
hidden 一些 user 可能用不著的 words
isr interrupt service routines 以及相關的 words
debug debug 用的 words
console 螢幕、鍵盤 user interface words
mywords 我們自己寫的其他東西
Vocabulary 的相關 words：
常用的有 only , also , previous , order , vocabulary , definitions , vocs
次要的有 current , context , get-order , set-order
詳細用法可以參考 OLPC 的 Forth Lesson 21 課程
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Forth_Lesson_21
實用的 Debug registers demo
================================
eforth64 裡採用 FigTaiwan 高人 張吉進老師指點的 Tiny assembler / disassembler. 我有一篇
說明: "An introduction to tinyAssembler/disassembler for Forth systems" 放在 FigTaiwan 的
Wiki page 上：
http://www.we-free.net/F2com-wiki/doku.php?id=%E9%81%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%96%BC_assembly_%E7%9A%84%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88
那篇文章的 Section 4 有 demo, 照做就可以體驗一下在 eforth64 上玩 X86 CPU 的 debug registers
以及它的 debug 功能。
80386 時代就有 CPU 內建的 debug registers DR0~DR7, 因為條件重重，很少有人自己玩過。其實
debug registers 本身很簡單好用。 eforth64 控制整台電腦，interrupt service routines 都是
我們自己用 forth 寫的，forth 本身就是個 console 或 shell，所以一伸手就可以把玩之。
網文時不時有所修訂，但恐怕有一天會斷鍊。附件 "tinyAssembler-disassembler FigTaiwan Wiki
version.pdf" 以防萬一。
程式設計師導引
Source code files: mbr.asm eforth64.asm and ~.f files.
Assembler is NASM v2.09.10
How to compile mbr.asm to mbr.bin ?
==> Run "make.bat mbr" (enter)
How to compile eforth64.asm to eforth64.bin ?
==> Run "make.bat eforth64" (enter)
How to build floppy.img ?
==> Run "build26.bat" <==== 自動把 mbr.bin eforth64.bin 以及 forth source files
串成 floppy.img 。
floppy.img can be used by both Bochs or QEMU.
How to debug ?
==> Run debug.bat to launch floppy.img on Bochs debugger Bochsdbg.exe for debugging.
==> "words debug" shows built-in debug features.
How to run ?
==> Run.bat <==== Launch floppy.img on QEMU virtual machine, much faster than Bochs.
把玩時，~.f 可以任意修改，改好跑一下 build26.bat 打包成新的 floppy.img 即可 run.bat 。
Explanations of all files in eforth64_r20.zip
======================================================================================================================
86ef202.asm 2011/12/23 21:06 PM 51,711 eforth for DOS source code. Important reference.
weforth.asm 2011/05/23 22:57 PM 124,984 eforth for win32 source code. Important STC reference.
eforth64.asm 2011/12/29 11:02 AM 104,976 eforth64 source code.
MBR.asm 2011/08/13 19:16 PM 11,796 MBR sector source code
00_constants.f 2011/12/26 13:34 PM 2,176 forth high level source code
01_basics_p1.f 2011/12/29 11:09 AM 41,885 forth high level source code
015_disasm_p1.f 2011/12/28 14:48 PM 13,775 forth high level source code
02_assembler.f 2011/12/29 08:16 AM 48,619 forth high level source code
025_disasm_p2.f 2011/12/28 14:48 PM 3,567 forth high level source code
03_codewords.f 2011/12/28 14:50 PM 1,548 forth high level source code
04_console.f 2011/12/28 14:50 PM 11,375 forth high level source code
05_basics_p2.f 2011/12/29 08:42 AM 24,081 forth high level source code
06_ISR.f 2011/12/28 14:53 PM 41,625 forth high level source code
07_basics_p3.f 2011/12/29 09:01 AM 8,161 forth high level source code
08_debug_registers.f 2011/12/28 14:55 PM 1,384 forth high level source code
cfg.bat 2011/11/06 09:57 AM 130 Setup path before being able to make and build.
make.bat 2011/07/19 11:23 AM 35 assembly source code make file
build26.bat 2011/12/11 21:31 PM 1,652 pack eforth64.bin and forth source code files into a floppy image.
run.bat 2011/08/14 09:04 AM 1,133 Run QEMU to start running eforth64.
debug.bat 2011/12/04 07:05 AM 236 http://bochs.sourceforge.net/ Run Bochsdbg.exe to debug eforth64.
eforth64.bin 2011/12/29 11:07 AM 10,116 assembled from eforth64.asm. My assembler is NASM 2.09.10
eforth64.lst 2011/12/29 11:07 AM 299,986 listing file of eforth64.asm, for debugging reference.
MBR.bin 2011/08/13 19:16 PM 512 MBR sector binary, compiled from MBR.asm
mbr.lst 2011/08/13 19:16 PM 24,707 MBR sector source code listing file.
Track1complement.asm 2011/08/13 21:04 PM 120 Pack floppy image needs this to fill out track1.
Track1complement.bin 2011/08/13 21:05 PM 8,704 Pack floppy image needs this to fill out track1.
floppy.img 2011/12/29 11:09 AM 1,474,560 Boot this floppy image to run eforth64. Ok for QEMU and Bochs or any x64 supported virtual PC software.
floppyfill.bat 2011/08/13 21:32 PM 206 Auto generate floppyfill.bin to complete the floppy image
64bits-MBR.bxrc 2011/08/13 22:08 PM 1,885 http://bochs.sourceforge.net/ Bochs simulater config file. If you want to debug by Bochsdbg.exe then this config file FYR.
qemu-system-x86_64.exe 2010/10/16 10:08 AM 2,909,972 QEMU's thing http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html
bios.bin 2010/10/15 00:01 AM 131,072 QEMU's thing http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html
fmod.dll 2007/02/07 14:28 PM 162,816 QEMU's thing http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html
pxe-e1000.bin 2010/10/15 00:01 AM 72,192 QEMU's thing http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html
SDL.dll 2007/03/06 23:34 PM 486,909 QEMU's thing http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html
vgabios-cirrus.bin 2010/10/15 00:01 AM 35,840 QEMU's thing http://wiki.qemu.org/Index.html
======================================================================================================================
致謝
1. 丁陳老師的 86ef202.asm 原版 source code.
Yap 小葉夫子的 fsharp (weforth.asm) 32bits eforth for Win32 source code.
2. 曾慶潭老師指點的 64 bits 途徑：應直接用 64-bits cell。
3. Yap 老師一句話： eforth 改幾 bits 都很簡單。
eforth 變身只要改前面幾個 code words 就可以了。真的很簡單。
4. FigTaiwan 網友，「大陸阿志」先生的 64-bits 文章。Long mode tutorials.
5. 張吉進 學長的 tiny assembly/disassembly. 「寫出 assembler 的同時，
disassembler 也完成了。」
6. eforth 的創始人 Bill Muench's bforth 裡的 vocabulary words.
爽哥、曾慶潭老師指點的 vocabulary words.
陳厚成 敬呈
100.12.29