Python_04.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## While loop"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#first while loop\n",
    "health = 10\n",
    "while health > 0 : \n",
    "    print(health)\n",
    "    health-=1\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Exercises\n",
    "flag = True\n",
    "while flag :\n",
    "    ans= input(\"Enter input\")\n",
    "    if ans.lower() == \"quit\" :\n",
    "        flag = False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "game_over = False\n",
    "while not game_over:\n",
    "    for i in range(5):\n",
    "        print(i)\n",
    "        if i+1 == 3:\n",
    "            game_over = True\n",
    "            break\n",
    "            "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## For Loops"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#for loop using range\n",
    "for num in range(5):\n",
    "    print(\"Value : {}\".format(num))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#providing start,stop and step for range\n",
    "for num in range(0,10,2) :\n",
    "    print(\"Value : {}\".format(num))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#printing all characters in a name using for loop\n",
    "name =\"John Smith\"\n",
    "for character in name:\n",
    "    print(\"Value : {}\".format(character))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#using two or more loops together\n",
    "for i in range(2):#outer loop\n",
    "    for j in range(3):#inner loop\n",
    "        print(i,j)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#using continue statement with a for loop\n",
    "for num in range(5):\n",
    "    if num ==3:\n",
    "        continue\n",
    "    print(\"Value : {}\".format(num))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#using break statement with a for loop\n",
    "for num in range(5):\n",
    "    if num ==3:\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    print(\"Value : {}\".format(num))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#setting a placeholder using the pass keyword\n",
    "for i in range(5):\n",
    "    #to do\n",
    "    pass"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Exercises\n",
    "for num in range(100) :\n",
    "    if num % 3 == 0 :\n",
    "        print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ans=input(\"Enter a word\")\n",
    "for c in ans:\n",
    "    if c in \"aeiou\":\n",
    "        print(c)\n",
    "        "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[5, 10, 15.2, 20]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#declaring a list of numbers\n",
    "nums =[5,10,15.2,20]\n",
    "print(nums)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "10\n",
      "20\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#accessing elements within a list\n",
    "print(nums[1])\n",
    "num = nums[3]\n",
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[4.3, 'word', True]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#declaring a list of mixed datatypes\n",
    "num=4.3\n",
    "data=[num,\"word\",True]\n",
    "print(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[5, 'book', [34, 'Hello'], True]\n",
      "[34, 'Hello']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#understanding lists within a list\n",
    "data = [5,\"book\",[34,\"Hello\"],True]\n",
    "print(data)\n",
    "print(data[2])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "34\n",
      "Hello\n",
      "e\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#using double bracket notation to access lists within lists\n",
    "print(data[2][0])\n",
    "inner_list = data[2]\n",
    "print(inner_list[1])\n",
    "print(data[2][1][1])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#changing the values in a list through index\n",
    "data = [5,10,15,20]\n",
    "print(data)\n",
    "data[1]= 100\n",
    "print(data)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Variable storage"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1158508121352\n",
      "1158508121352\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a=[5,10]\n",
    "print(id(a)) #large number representing location in memory\n",
    "b=a\n",
    "print(id(b))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "a: [5, 10]\tb: [5, 10]\n",
      "Location at a[0] : 140716806545936\tLocation at b[0] : 140716806545936\n",
      "a: [20, 10]\tb: [20, 10]\n",
      "a: [20, 30]\tb: [20, 30]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#understanding how lists are stored\n",
    "a=[5,10]\n",
    "b=a\n",
    "print(\"a: {}\\tb: {}\".format(a,b))\n",
    "print(\"Location at a[0] : {}\\tLocation at b[0] : {}\".format(id(a[0]),id(b[0])))\n",
    "b[0]=20 #redeclaring b[0] also changes a[0]\n",
    "print(\"a: {}\\tb: {}\".format(a,b))\n",
    "a[1]=30 #redeclaring a[1] also changes b[1]\n",
    "print(\"a: {}\\tb: {}\".format(a,b))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#using [:] to copy a list\n",
    "data = [5,10,15,2]\n",
    "data_copy=data[:]\n",
    "data_copy[0]=50\n",
    "print(\"data : {}\\ndata_copy : {}\".format(data,data_copy))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#using copy function to copy a list\n",
    "data = [5,10,15,2]\n",
    "data_copy=data.copy()\n",
    "data_copy[0]=50\n",
    "print(\"data : {}\\ndata_copy : {}\".format(data,data_copy))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Exercises\n",
    "sports = [\"Cricket\",\"Football\",\"Basketball\",\"Volleyball\"]\n",
    "print(\"I like to play {}\\nI like to play {}\\nI like to play {}\\nI like to play {}\".format(sports[0],sports[1],sports[2],sports[3]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "names = [\"John\",\"Ibrahim\",\"Sam\",\"Kelly\"]\n",
    "print(\"{} , {} , {} , {}\".format(names[0][0],names[1][0],names[2][0],names[3][0]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Working with Lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#checking the nu: of items in a list\n",
    "num = [5,10,15]\n",
    "print(len(num))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[10, 15]\n",
      "[5, 10]\n",
      "[5, 15, 25]\n",
      "[25, 30]\n",
      "[30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#accessing specific items in a list using slicing [start:stop:step]\n",
    "num = [5,10,15,20,25,30]\n",
    "print(num[1:3])\n",
    "print(num[:2])\n",
    "print(num[::2])\n",
    "print(num[-2:])\n",
    "print(num[-1::-1])#reverse a list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#adding an item to the end of the list\n",
    "nums=[5,10,15]\n",
    "nums.append(1)\n",
    "print(nums)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['ball', 'base', 'glove']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#adding an item at an index position\n",
    "words=[\"ball\",\"glove\"]\n",
    "words.insert(1,\"base\")\n",
    "print(words)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[5, 'ball', True]\n",
      "5 \n",
      " ['ball']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#using pop to remove items and save it to a variable\n",
    "items=[5,\"ball\",True]\n",
    "print(items)\n",
    "items.pop()#removes last item from the list\n",
    "removed_item=items.pop(0)#removes  item and saves it to a variable\n",
    "print(removed_item,\"\\n\",items)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['baseball', 'football', 'hockey']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#using remove method with try and except\n",
    "sports=[\"baseball\",\"soccer\",\"football\",\"hockey\"]\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    sports.remove(\"soccer\")\n",
    "except:\n",
    "    print(\"Item does not exist in the list\")\n",
    "print(sports)\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#using min,max,sum\n",
    "num=[5,3,9]\n",
    "print(min(num))\n",
    "print(max(num))\n",
    "print(sum(num))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#using sorted on lists for numerical and alphabetical data\n",
    "num=[5,8,0,2]\n",
    "sorted_num = sorted(num)\n",
    "print(sorted_num,\"\\n\",num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#sorting a list in place \n",
    "num=[5,8,0,2]\n",
    "print(num)\n",
    "num.sort()\n",
    "print(num)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#using conditional statements in list\n",
    "names=[\"Jack\",\"Robert\",\"Mary\"]\n",
    "if \"Jack\" in names:\n",
    "    print(\"Found\")\n",
    "if \"Jimmy\" not in names:\n",
    "    print(\"Not Found\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#checking empty lists\n",
    "nums=[]\n",
    "if not nums:\n",
    "    print(\"Empty\")\n",
    "if nums == []:\n",
    "    print(\"Empty\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#using for loop to print items in a list\n",
    "sports=[\"Baseball\",\"Hockey\",\"Football\",\"Basketball\"]\n",
    "for s in sports:\n",
    "    print(s)\n",
    "print(sports)\n",
    "#using while loop to print items in a list\n",
    "while sports:\n",
    "    print(sports.pop())\n",
    "print(sports)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#using while loop to remove items from a list\n",
    "names = [\"Bob\",\"Jack\",\"Rob\",\"Bob\",\"Robert\"]\n",
    "while \"Bob\" in names:\n",
    "    names.remove(\"Bob\")\n",
    "print(names)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Exercises\n",
    "names=[\"Bob\",\"Kenny\",\"Amanda\",\"Bob\",\"Kenny\"]\n",
    "distinct_names=[]\n",
    "for n in names:\n",
    "    if n not in distinct_names:\n",
    "        distinct_names.append(n)\n",
    "print(distinct_names)       \n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "flag = True\n",
    "inp=[]\n",
    "while flag:\n",
    "    ans = input(\"Enter input\")\n",
    "    if ans.lower() == \"quit\":\n",
    "        flag= False\n",
    "        break\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        inp.append(ans)\n",
    "for n in inp:\n",
    "    print(n)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Weekly exercise"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "size = int(input(\"Enter size of pyramid:\"))\n",
    "spaces = size\n",
    "for i in range(1,size+1):\n",
    "    print(\" \"*spaces+\"X \"*i)\n",
    "    spaces-=1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "names = ['John','  ','Amanda',5]\n",
    "for chr in names:\n",
    "    if type(chr) != 'str':#check element is a string\n",
    "        chr=str(chr)\n",
    "    name = chr.strip()#strip spaces\n",
    "    if len(name) != 0:\n",
    "        print(name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "temps=[32,12,44,29]\n",
    "fah=[]\n",
    "for t in temps:\n",
    "    f = (9 * t ) / 5 + 32\n",
    "    fah.append(f)\n",
    "print(fah)\n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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