Tutorial Video - Step into Mina ZkApp Development

Created by: coldstar1993 Created time: June 2, 2024 1:51 PM Tags: Mina, zkApp

This tutorial will lead you step by step to go into Mina network and ZkApp Development. The video tutorials cover 4 series:

1. Starter Series(入门系列): basic knowledge for new joiners to learn about Mina & zkApp

2. Advanced Series(进阶系列): step deeper into zkApp development

3. Practices Series(实践系列): share more good practices during zkApp development

4. Framework Series(框架系列): share frameworks to accelerate zkApp development

《Starter Series》

<Video1> Learn about Zero Knowledge Proof

1. start from "Ali and the Cave" story

2. Color-Blind experiment

3. Intro on general zk proof systems

   1. what’s arithmetic circuits
   2. zkSnark/zkStark/Halo/BulletProofs
   3. cooresponding blockchains, like
      1. Zcash/Ironfish/Loopring on Groth16_zksnark
      2. Mina/Aztec/zkSync/Anoma on Plonk_zksnark
      3. Aleo on Halo
      4. StarkNet/Polygon on STARK
      5. Grin on BulletProofs

4. Intro on zkSNARK family members & their features

5. Intro on Plonk

   1. recursion zkSnark
   2. general-purpose zkp
   3. simplified trusted setup
   4. small proof size
   5. …

<Video2> What & Why & How of Mina chain https://x.com/SoorajKSaju/status/1798328297874419925

1. Scalability&Privacy issue of current blockchain industry

2. Why&How Mina solves these issue

   1. Data Compression: Recursive zkp & Succinct(22kb)
   2. Computation compression: offchain execution & onchain verification
   3. Ouroboros Samasika POS Consensus
   4. Programmable Privacy

3. How to be ‘The Universal ZK Layer for Web3’

   1. zkApps Smart Contracts based on O1js
   2. What’s Httpz & #ProofOfEverything
   3. Future expectations - How to interoperate with other blockchains(eth/evm chains,etc.)
      1. With Aligned Layer https://x.com/alignedlayer/status/1823660831084826856 https://x.com/alignedlayer/status/1829566074821747071 https://x.com/alignedlayer/status/1829504890227527717
   4. …

<Video3> First Look at Mina

1. installation & usage of Auro wallet

2. chain explorers & other community resources

3. delegate MINA and receive staking rewards

4. high-level intro on main components of Mina network

   1. daemon nodes & archive nodes & snark workers
   2. how these roles cooperate together
   3. lifecycle of a Payment
   4. …

<Video4> Intro on Mina Ecology & Community

1. intro on o1js DSL

   1. background of O1Labs & MF & Mina Protocol
   2. kimchi-pickles proof system from Plonk
   3. comparison to Circom+Snarkjs & Leo & Noir
   4. go into o1js repo structure

2. resources & activities for community builders

   1. Wechat & discord & tw & tg
   2. O1lab-blog / MIPs / MF-blog
   3. Navigator Programs & zkIgnite Cohort & Core Grants
   4. …

<Video5> Go deeper into o1js

1. what’s arithmetic circuits

   1. common flows: compile -> witness calc -> proof-gen -> verify
   2. Prover Functions & Verification Keys
   3. Trusted Setup & why no need in o1js

2. Basic Concepts

   1. Data types & Utils
      1. Primitive types & Custom data types**(Struct)**
      2. reason on why cannot use js data type within a circuit
      3. Poseidon.hash & Signature & Encryption & PrivateKey & PublicKey…
   2. Conditionals
      1. Provable
      2. !!! Traditional conditional statements VS conditional statements within Circuit
   3. Functions

   3. ZkProgram Overview

      1. talk about Recursion
      2. design a simple zkProgram
      3. What’s happenning under zkProgram.compile()

<Video5> First Look at zkApps

1. comparison to Solidity-contract

   1. design two simple contracts with same functions in solidity & o1js and compare them
   2. !!! thinking pattern of Onchain-Exec-Pattern & Offchain-Exec-Pattern
   3. other differences like gas&fee, onchain storage, etc.

2. how zkApp works

   1. prover & verifier
   2. private/public inputs & onchain states of a contract
   3. onchain states & offchain states
   4. ** !!! ** smart contract is the composition of zkProgram(pure ciruit) + precondition + onchain states
      • what are the underlying public-inputs and private-inputs?
      • how precondition works based on onchain states?
      • proofAuth at AccountUpdate is the result from zkProgram(pure ciruit)

<Video6> ZkApps Getting Started I

1. Install or update the zkApp CLI
2. Create a project
3. Add testing code
4. Add functionality

<Video7> ZkApps Getting Started II

1. Create an Unit test

2. What’s LocalBlockchain

   1. test accounts
   2. proofEnabled: true/false

3. Test locally

<Video8> ZkApps Getting Started III

1. What’s Lightnet

2. Setup Lightnet

3. Test with Lightnet

<Video9> ZkApps Getting Started IV

1. DevNet & Faucet & MinaScan Explorer

2. Test with a live network

<Video10> ZkApps Getting Started V

1. Write a sample zkApp UI by Vite+Vue3

2. Enabling COOP and COEP headers

3. Connecting your zkApp with a user's wallet

<Video11> Write a Smart Contract by hand

1. Intro on base class: SmartContract

2. Regular account & zkApp account

3. On-chain state & Reading state & Assertions & Debugging

4. Public and private inputs

5. design a simple sample contract

   1. What’s happenning under contrat.compile()
      1. What the @method decorator do

6. deploy to Devnet & trigger a @method

   1. tx.prove()/sign()/send()/wait()

<Video12> Inspect a Transaction

1. transaction strutures

   1. { feePayer, accountUpdates: [...], memo }
   2. MIP: https://github.com/MinaProtocol/MIPs/blob/main/MIPS/mip-0004-zkapps.md

2. AccoutUpdates & Account update tree structures

   1. structure:
      1. publicKey & tokenId
      2. states updates & balance changes
      3. preconditions & Auth
   2. Account update tree & Forest
   3. pre-order traversal
   4. Visualize the AccountUpdates

3. What’s happenning under tx.prove/sign()

《Advanced Series》

<Video13> On-Chain Values

1. onchain states

2. Precondition - Network/Account

3. Setting account fields

4. Accessing accounts other than the zkApp's account

<Video14> Permissions

1. Types of Permissions & Types of Authorization

2. default-permissions

3. upgradeability-of-smart-contracts

   1. why we need TransactionVersion
   2. example-impossible-to-upgrade
   3. example-upgradeable-with-a-proof

4. design a sample contract

<Video15> Events

1. intro about Archive Nodes & archive graph endpoint

2. design event and try getEvents&fetchEvents

3. design a sample contract

<Video16> Actions & Reducer

1. What&Why of Action(SequencedEvent) and related #issue #pr example reference: https://zknoid.medium.com/mina-action-reducers-guide-why-we-need-them-81b6836c1700

2. Mechenism of 5 onchain ActionState

3. this.reducer.reduce() & Actions.updateSequenceState()

4. how Actions works for concurrent state updates (simple rollup)

5. design actions and try getActions&fetchActions

6. design a sample contract

7. best practices to fetchActions

<Video17> Time-Locked Accounts

1. vesting mechenism

2. design a sample contract

<Video18> Custom Tokens

1. ProofAuth & SignatureAuth

2. Design a sample for ProofAuth

3. Inspect into TokenContract source code & basic usage

<Video18.5> review and deploy Mina Fungile Token Standard

1. repo: https://github.com/coldstar1993/mina-fungible-token/blob/main/FungibleToken.ts
2. MIP: https://github.com/o1-labs/rfcs/blob/main/0014-fungible-token-standard.md

<Video19> Off-Chain Storage

1. talk about Merkle Tree family

   1. Basic features & membership witness & non-membership witness
   2. AppendOnly Merkle Tree & Sparse Merkle Tree & Updatable Merkle Tree
   3. Merkle Mountain Range

2. inspect classes : MerkleTree&MerkleWitness, MerkleMap&MerkleMapWitness

3. classes: OffchainState & OffchainStateCommitments…

4. Intro about o1js-merkle & design usage samples

《Practices Series》

<Video20> Cached Proving Key

1. talk about: #pr1187: caching prover and verifier keys in Node.js

2. reduce circuit compiling time cost → improve performances

<Video21> Side-Loaded VK

1. what’s Generic Recursive Proving Primitives

2. talk about: #RFC-0002 & #pr1606

3. Dynamic Proof to reduce circuit dependencies&memory resources cost → improve performances

<Video22> Gadgets

1. bitwise-operations samples & usage

2. foreign-fields samples & usage

<Video23> ECDSA & SHA-256

1. ECDSA & Schnorr

2. SHA256 & Poseidon

3. how to verify Bitcoin block headers using zero-knowledge proofs with o1js

<Video24> Some good Practices for zkApp

1. about fetchActions & fetchEvents

2. about how to merge actions by hand within zkProgram rather than reducer

3. about tx.send&wait

4. about interoperate with auro wallet on UI

5. about contract permissions design

6. about token contract & token account usage

7. about how to store more data onchain: packing&store

8. about dynamic import o1js to improve ui loading

9. about nodejs params config

10. about debug circuits

11. about inspect/analyse failed tx

12. …TODO…

<Video25> Security issue during zkApp contracts

1. normal design flaws

2. …TODO…

<Video26> Setup Daemon node & Archive Nodes for your zkApps

1. Redundancy & keep nodes stable

2. Monitoring

3. Archive Tooling

《Frameworks Series》

<Video27> Protocol development framework

1. Application specific rollups & General-Purpose rollups

2. Protocol Arch

   1. Runtime
   2. Protocol
   3. Sequencer

3. …TODO…

<Video28> Zeko

1. …TODO…

<Video29> Integrate DA Layer -- Celestia

1. what's DA & Modular?
2. working mechenism of Celestia
3. DA issue of zkApp(Appchain)
4. how your zkApp integrate with Celestia?

<Video30> Integrate With Aligned Layer

• https://x.com/alignedlayer/status/1823660831084826856
• https://x.com/alignedlayer/status/1829566074821747071
• https://x.com/alignedlayer/status/1829504890227527717