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help.c
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help.c
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/* help.c - core analysis suite
*
* Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Mission Critical Linux, Inc.
* Copyright (C) 2002-2020 David Anderson
* Copyright (C) 2002-2020 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*/
#include "defs.h"
static void reshuffle_cmdlist(void);
static int sort_command_name(const void *, const void *);
static void display_commands(void);
static void display_copying_info(void);
static void display_warranty_info(void);
static void display_output_info(void);
static void display_input_info(void);
static void display_README(void);
static char *gnu_public_license[];
static char *gnu_public_license_v3[];
static char *version_info[];
static char *output_info[];
static char *input_info[];
static char *README[];
static void dump_registers(void);
#define GPLv2 2
#define GPLv3 3
#if defined(GDB_5_3) || defined(GDB_6_0) || defined(GDB_6_1)
static int GPL_version = GPLv2;
#else
static int GPL_version = GPLv3;
#endif
static
char *program_usage_info[] = {
"",
"USAGE:",
"",
" crash [OPTION]... NAMELIST MEMORY-IMAGE[@ADDRESS] (dumpfile form)",
" crash [OPTION]... [NAMELIST] (live system form)",
"",
"OPTIONS:",
"",
" NAMELIST",
" This is a pathname to an uncompressed kernel image (a vmlinux",
" file), or a Xen hypervisor image (a xen-syms file) which has",
" been compiled with the \"-g\" option. If using the dumpfile form,",
" a vmlinux file may be compressed in either gzip or bzip2 formats.",
"",
" MEMORY-IMAGE",
" A kernel core dump file created by the netdump, diskdump, LKCD",
" kdump, xendump or kvmdump facilities.",
"",
" If a MEMORY-IMAGE argument is not entered, the session will be",
" invoked on the live system, which typically requires root privileges",
" because of the device file used to access system RAM. By default, ",
" /dev/crash will be used if it exists. If it does not exist, then ",
" /dev/mem will be used; but if the kernel has been configured with ",
" CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM, then /proc/kcore will be used. It is permissible",
" to explicitly enter /dev/crash, /dev/mem or /proc/kcore.",
"",
" An @ADDRESS value must be appended to the MEMORY-IMAGE if the dumpfile",
" is a raw RAM dumpfile that has no header information describing the file",
" contents. Multiple MEMORY-IMAGE@ADDRESS ordered pairs may be entered,",
" with each dumpfile containing a contiguous block of RAM, where the ADDRESS",
" value is the physical start address of the block expressed in hexadecimal.",
" The physical address value(s) will be used to create a temporary ELF header",
" in /var/tmp, which will only exist during the crash session. If a raw RAM",
" dumpfile represents a live memory source, such as that specified by the QEMU",
" mem-path argument of a memory-backend-file object, then \"live:\" must be",
" prepended to the MEMORY-IMAGE name.",
"",
" mapfile",
" If the NAMELIST file is not the same kernel that is running",
" (live system form), or the kernel that was running when the system",
" crashed (dumpfile form), then the System.map file of the original ",
" kernel should be entered on the command line.",
"",
" -h [option]",
" --help [option]",
" Without an option argument, display a crash usage help message.",
" If the option argument is a crash command name, the help page",
" for that command is displayed. If it is the string \"input\", a",
" page describing the various crash command line input options is",
" displayed. If it is the string \"output\", a page describing command",
" line output options is displayed. If it is the string \"all\", then",
" all of the possible help messages are displayed. After the help",
" message is displayed, crash exits.",
"",
" -s ",
" Silently proceed directly to the \"crash>\" prompt without displaying",
" any version, GPL, or crash initialization data during startup, and by",
" default, runtime command output is not passed to any scrolling command.",
"",
" -i file",
" Execute the command(s) contained in \"file\" prior to displaying ",
" the \"crash>\" prompt for interactive user input.",
"",
" -d num ",
" Set the internal debug level. The higher the number, the more",
" debugging data will be printed when crash initializes and runs.",
"",
" -S ",
" Use /boot/System.map as the mapfile.",
"",
" -e vi | emacs",
" Set the readline(3) command line editing mode to \"vi\" or \"emacs\". ",
" The default editing mode is \"vi\".",
"",
" -f ",
" Force the usage of a compressed vmlinux file if its original",
" name does not start with \"vmlinux\".",
"",
" -k ",
" Indicate that the NAMELIST file is an LKCD \"Kerntypes\" debuginfo file.",
"",
" -g [namelist]",
" Determine if a vmlinux or xen-syms namelist file contains debugging data.",
"",
" -t ",
" Display the system-crash timestamp and exit.",
"",
" -L ",
" Attempt to lock all of its virtual address space into memory by",
" calling mlockall(MCL_CURRENT|MCL_FUTURE) during initialization.",
" If the system call fails, an error message will be displayed,",
" but the session continues.",
"",
" -c tty-device",
" Open the tty-device as the console used for debug messages.",
"",
" -p page-size",
" If a processor's page size cannot be determined by the dumpfile, ",
" and the processor default cannot be used, use page-size.",
"",
" -o filename",
" Only used with the MEMORY-IMAGE@ADDRESS format for raw RAM dumpfiles,",
" specifies a filename of a new ELF vmcore that will be created and used",
" as the dumpfile. It will be saved to allow future use as a standalone",
" vmcore, replacing the original raw RAM dumpfile.",
"",
" -m option=value",
" --machdep option=value",
" Pass an option and value pair to machine-dependent code. These",
" architecture-specific option/pairs should only be required in",
" very rare circumstances:",
"",
" X86_64:",
" phys_base=<physical-address>",
" irq_eframe_link=<value>",
" irq_stack_gap=<value>",
" max_physmem_bits=<value>",
" kernel_image_size=<value>",
" vm=orig (pre-2.6.11 virtual memory address ranges)",
" vm=2.6.11 (2.6.11 and later virtual memory address ranges)",
" vm=xen (Xen kernel virtual memory address ranges)",
" vm=xen-rhel4 (RHEL4 Xen kernel virtual address ranges)",
" vm=5level (5-level page tables)",
" page_offset=<PAGE_OFFSET-value>",
" PPC64:",
" vm=orig",
" vm=2.6.14 (4-level page tables)",
" IA64:",
" phys_start=<physical-address>",
" init_stack_size=<size>",
" vm=4l (4-level page tables)",
" ARM:",
" phys_base=<physical-address>",
" ARM64:",
" phys_offset=<physical-address>",
" kimage_voffset=<kimage_voffset-value>",
" max_physmem_bits=<value>",
" vabits_actual=<value>",
" X86:",
" page_offset=<CONFIG_PAGE_OFFSET-value>",
"",
" -x ",
" Automatically load extension modules from a particular directory.",
" The directory is determined by the following order of precedence:",
"",
" (1) the directory specified in the CRASH_EXTENSIONS shell ",
" environment variable",
" (2) /usr/lib64/crash/extensions (64-bit architectures)",
" (3) /usr/lib/crash/extensions (32-bit architectures)",
" (4) the ./extensions subdirectory of the current directory",
"",
" --active",
" Track only the active task on each cpu.",
"",
" --buildinfo",
" Display the crash binary's build date, the user ID of the builder,",
" the hostname of the machine where the build was done, the target",
" architecture, the version number, and the compiler version.",
"",
" --memory_module modname",
" Use the modname as an alternative kernel module to the crash.ko",
" module that creates the /dev/crash device.",
"",
" --memory_device device",
" Use device as an alternative device to the /dev/crash, /dev/mem",
" or /proc/kcore devices.",
"",
" --log dumpfile",
" Dump the contents of the kernel log buffer. A kernel namelist",
" argument is not necessary, but the dumpfile must contain the",
" VMCOREINFO data taken from the original /proc/vmcore ELF header.",
"",
" --no_kallsyms",
" Do not use kallsyms-generated symbol information contained within",
" kernel module object files.",
"",
" --no_modules",
" Do not access or display any kernel module related information.",
"",
" --no_ikconfig",
" Do not attempt to read configuration data that was built into",
" kernels configured with CONFIG_IKCONFIG.",
"",
" --no_data_debug",
" Do not verify the validity of all structure member offsets and",
" structure sizes that it uses.",
"",
" --no_kmem_cache",
" Do not initialize the kernel's slab cache infrastructure, and",
" commands that use kmem_cache-related data will not work.",
"",
" --no_elf_notes",
" Do not use the registers from the ELF NT_PRSTATUS notes saved",
" in a compressed kdump header for backtraces.",
"",
" --kmem_cache_delay",
" Delay the initialization of the kernel's slab cache infrastructure",
" until it is required by a run-time command.",
"",
" --readnow",
" Pass this flag to the embedded gdb module, which will override",
" the two-stage strategy that it uses for reading symbol tables",
" from the NAMELIST. If module symbol tables are loaded during",
" runtime with the \"mod\" command, the same override will occur.",
"",
" --smp ",
" Specify that the system being analyzed is an SMP kernel.",
"",
" -v",
" --version",
" Display the version of the crash utility, the version of the",
" embedded gdb module, GPL information, and copyright notices.",
"",
" --cpus number",
" Specify the number of cpus in the SMP system being analyzed.",
"",
" --osrelease dumpfile",
" Display the OSRELEASE vmcoreinfo string from a kdump dumpfile",
" header.",
"",
" --hyper",
" Force the session to be that of a Xen hypervisor.",
"",
" --p2m_mfn pfn",
" When a Xen Hypervisor or its dom0 kernel crashes, the dumpfile",
" is typically analyzed with either the Xen hypervisor or the dom0",
" kernel. It is also possible to analyze any of the guest domU",
" kernels if the pfn_to_mfn_list_list pfn value of the guest kernel",
" is passed on the command line along with its NAMELIST and the ",
" dumpfile.",
"",
" --xen_phys_start physical-address",
" Supply the base physical address of the Xen hypervisor's text",
" and static data for older xendump dumpfiles that did not pass",
" that information in the dumpfile header.",
"",
" --zero_excluded",
" If the makedumpfile(8) facility has filtered a compressed kdump",
" dumpfile to exclude various types of non-essential pages, or has",
" marked a compressed or ELF kdump dumpfile as incomplete due to",
" an ENOSPC or other error during its creation, any attempt to",
" read missing pages will fail. With this flag, reads from any",
" of those pages will return zero-filled memory.",
"",
" --no_panic",
" Do not attempt to find the task that was running when the kernel",
" crashed. Set the initial context to that of the \"swapper\" task",
" on cpu 0.",
"",
" --more ",
" Use /bin/more as the command output scroller, overriding the",
" default of /usr/bin/less and any settings in either ./.crashrc",
" or $HOME/.crashrc.",
"",
" --less ",
" Use /usr/bin/less as the command output scroller, overriding any",
" settings in either ./.crashrc or $HOME/.crashrc.",
"",
" --CRASHPAGER",
" Use the output paging command defined in the CRASHPAGER shell",
" environment variable, overriding any settings in either ./.crashrc ",
" or $HOME/.crashrc.",
"",
" --no_scroll",
" Do not pass run-time command output to any scrolling command.",
"",
" --no_strip",
" Do not strip cloned kernel text symbol names.",
"",
" --no_crashrc",
" Do not execute the commands in either $HOME/.crashrc or ./.crashrc.",
"",
" --mod directory",
" When loading the debuginfo data of kernel modules with the \"mod -S\"",
" command, search for their object files in directory instead of in ",
" the standard location.",
"",
" --src directory",
" Search for the kernel source code in directory instead of in the",
" standard location that is compiled into the debuginfo data.",
"",
" --reloc size",
" When analyzing live x86 kernels configured with a CONFIG_PHYSICAL_START ",
" value that is larger than its CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN value, then it will",
" be necessary to enter a relocation size equal to the difference between",
" the two values.",
"",
" --hash count",
" Set the number of internal hash queue heads used for list gathering",
" and verification. The default count is 32768.",
"",
" --kaslr offset | auto",
" If x86, x86_64, s390x or loongarch64 kernel was configured with",
" CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE, the offset value is equal to the difference",
" between the symbol values compiled into the vmlinux file and their",
" relocated KASLR value. If set to auto, the KASLR offset value will",
" be automatically calculated.",
"",
" --minimal",
" Bring up a session that is restricted to the log, dis, rd, sym,",
" eval, set and exit commands. This option may provide a way to",
" extract some minimal/quick information from a corrupted or truncated",
" dumpfile, or in situations where one of the several kernel subsystem ",
" initialization routines would abort the crash session.",
"",
" --kvmhost [32|64]",
" When examining an x86 KVM guest dumpfile, this option specifies",
" that the KVM host that created the dumpfile was an x86 (32-bit)",
" or an x86_64 (64-bit) machine, overriding the automatically",
" determined value.",
"",
" --kvmio <size>",
" override the automatically-calculated KVM guest I/O hole size.",
"",
" --offline [show|hide]",
" Show or hide command output that is associated with offline cpus,",
" overriding any settings in either ./.crashrc or $HOME/.crashrc.",
"",
"FILES:",
"",
" .crashrc",
" Initialization commands. The file can be located in the user's",
" HOME directory and/or the current directory. Commands found in",
" the .crashrc file in the HOME directory are executed before",
" those in the current directory's .crashrc file.",
"",
"ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES:",
"",
" EDITOR ",
" Command input is read using readline(3). If EDITOR is set to",
" emacs or vi then suitable keybindings are used. If EDITOR is",
" not set, then vi is used. This can be overridden by \"set vi\" or",
" \"set emacs\" commands located in a .crashrc file, or by entering",
" \"-e emacs\" on the crash command line.",
"",
" CRASHPAGER",
" If CRASHPAGER is set, its value is used as the name of the program",
" to which command output will be sent. If not, then command output",
" output is sent to \"/usr/bin/less -E -X\" by default.",
"",
" CRASH_MODULE_PATH",
" Specifies an alternative directory tree to search for kernel",
" module object files.",
"",
" CRASH_EXTENSIONS",
" Specifies a directory containing extension modules that will be",
" loaded automatically if the -x command line option is used.",
"",
NULL
};
void
program_usage(int form)
{
if (form == SHORT_FORM) {
fprintf(fp, "\nUsage:\n\n");
fprintf(fp, "%s\n%s\n", program_usage_info[3],
program_usage_info[4]);
fprintf(fp, "\nEnter \"%s -h\" for details.\n",
pc->program_name);
clean_exit(1);
} else {
FILE *scroll;
char *scroll_command;
char **p;
if ((scroll_command = setup_scroll_command()) &&
(scroll = popen(scroll_command, "w")))
fp = scroll;
else
scroll = NULL;
for (p = program_usage_info; *p; p++) {
fprintf(fp, *p, pc->program_name);
fprintf(fp, "\n");
}
fflush(fp);
if (scroll)
pclose(scroll);
clean_exit(0);
}
}
/*
* Get an updated count of commands for subsequent help menu display,
* reshuffling the deck if this is the first time or if something's changed.
*/
void
help_init(void)
{
struct command_table_entry *cp;
struct extension_table *ext;
for (pc->ncmds = 0, cp = pc->cmd_table; cp->name; cp++) {
if (!(cp->flags & HIDDEN_COMMAND))
pc->ncmds++;
}
for (ext = extension_table; ext; ext = ext->next) {
for (cp = ext->command_table; cp->name; cp++) {
if (!(cp->flags & (CLEANUP|HIDDEN_COMMAND)))
pc->ncmds++;
}
}
if (!pc->cmdlist) {
pc->cmdlistsz = pc->ncmds;
if ((pc->cmdlist = (char **)
malloc(sizeof(char *) * pc->cmdlistsz)) == NULL)
error(FATAL,
"cannot malloc command list space\n");
} else if (pc->ncmds > pc->cmdlistsz) {
pc->cmdlistsz = pc->ncmds;
if ((pc->cmdlist = (char **)realloc(pc->cmdlist,
sizeof(char *) * pc->cmdlistsz)) == NULL)
error(FATAL,
"cannot realloc command list space\n");
}
reshuffle_cmdlist();
}
/*
* If the command list is modified during runtime, re-shuffle the list
* for proper help menu display.
*/
static void
reshuffle_cmdlist(void)
{
int i, cnt;
struct command_table_entry *cp;
struct extension_table *ext;
for (i = 0; i < pc->cmdlistsz; i++)
pc->cmdlist[i] = NULL;
for (cnt = 0, cp = pc->cmd_table; cp->name; cp++) {
if (!(cp->flags & HIDDEN_COMMAND))
pc->cmdlist[cnt++] = cp->name;
}
for (ext = extension_table; ext; ext = ext->next) {
for (cp = ext->command_table; cp->name; cp++) {
if (!(cp->flags & (CLEANUP|HIDDEN_COMMAND)))
pc->cmdlist[cnt++] = cp->name;
}
}
if (cnt > pc->cmdlistsz)
error(FATAL, "help table malfunction!\n");
qsort((void *)pc->cmdlist, (size_t)cnt,
sizeof(char *), sort_command_name);
}
/*
* The help list is in alphabetical order, with exception of the "q" command,
* which has historically always been the last command in the list.
*/
static int
sort_command_name(const void *name1, const void *name2)
{
char **s1, **s2;
s1 = (char **)name1;
s2 = (char **)name2;
if (STREQ(*s1, "q"))
return 1;
return strcmp(*s1, *s2);
}
/*
* Get help for a command, to dump an internal table, or the GNU public
* license copying/warranty information.
*/
void
cmd_help(void)
{
int c;
int oflag;
oflag = 0;
while ((c = getopt(argcnt, args,
"efNDdmM:ngcaBbHhkKsvVoptTzLOr")) != EOF) {
switch(c)
{
case 'e':
dump_extension_table(VERBOSE);
return;
case 'f':
dump_filesys_table(VERBOSE);
return;
case 'n':
case 'D':
dumpfile_memory(DUMPFILE_MEM_DUMP);
return;
case 'd':
dump_dev_table();
return;
case 'M':
dump_machdep_table(stol(optarg, FAULT_ON_ERROR, NULL));
return;
case 'm':
dump_machdep_table(0);
return;
case 'g':
dump_gdb_data();
return;
case 'N':
dump_net_table();
return;
case 'a':
dump_alias_data();
return;
case 'b':
dump_shared_bufs();
return;
case 'B':
dump_build_data();
return;
case 'c':
dump_numargs_cache();
return;
case 'H':
dump_hash_table(VERBOSE);
return;
case 'h':
dump_hash_table(!VERBOSE);
return;
case 'k':
dump_kernel_table(!VERBOSE);
return;
case 'K':
dump_kernel_table(VERBOSE);
return;
case 's':
dump_symbol_table();
return;
case 'V':
dump_vm_table(VERBOSE);
return;
case 'v':
dump_vm_table(!VERBOSE);
return;
case 'O':
dump_offset_table(NULL, TRUE);
return;
case 'o':
oflag = TRUE;
break;
case 'T':
dump_task_table(VERBOSE);
return;
case 't':
dump_task_table(!VERBOSE);
return;
case 'p':
dump_program_context();
return;
case 'z':
fprintf(fp, "help options:\n");
fprintf(fp, " -a - alias data\n");
fprintf(fp, " -b - shared buffer data\n");
fprintf(fp, " -B - build data\n");
fprintf(fp, " -c - numargs cache\n");
fprintf(fp, " -d - device table\n");
fprintf(fp, " -D - dumpfile contents/statistics\n");
fprintf(fp, " -e - extension table data\n");
fprintf(fp, " -f - filesys table\n");
fprintf(fp, " -g - gdb data\n");
fprintf(fp, " -h - hash_table data\n");
fprintf(fp, " -H - hash_table data (verbose)\n");
fprintf(fp, " -k - kernel_table\n");
fprintf(fp, " -K - kernel_table (verbose)\n");
fprintf(fp, " -L - LKCD page cache environment\n");
fprintf(fp, " -M <num> machine specific\n");
fprintf(fp, " -m - machdep_table\n");
fprintf(fp, " -N - net_table\n");
fprintf(fp, " -n - dumpfile contents/statistics\n");
fprintf(fp, " -o - offset_table and size_table\n");
fprintf(fp, " -p - program_context\n");
fprintf(fp, " -r - dump registers from dumpfile header\n");
fprintf(fp, " -s - symbol table data\n");
fprintf(fp, " -t - task_table\n");
fprintf(fp, " -T - task_table plus context_array\n");
fprintf(fp, " -v - vm_table\n");
fprintf(fp, " -V - vm_table (verbose)\n");
fprintf(fp, " -z - help options\n");
return;
case 'L':
dumpfile_memory(DUMPFILE_ENVIRONMENT);
return;
case 'r':
dump_registers();
return;
default:
argerrs++;
break;
}
}
if (argerrs)
cmd_usage(pc->curcmd, COMPLETE_HELP);
if (!args[optind]) {
if (oflag)
dump_offset_table(NULL, FALSE);
else
display_help_screen("");
return;
}
do {
if (oflag)
dump_offset_table(args[optind], FALSE);
else
cmd_usage(args[optind], COMPLETE_HELP|MUST_HELP);
optind++;
} while (args[optind]);
}
static void
dump_registers(void)
{
if (pc->flags2 & QEMU_MEM_DUMP_ELF) {
dump_registers_for_qemu_mem_dump();
return;
} else if (DISKDUMP_DUMPFILE()) {
dump_registers_for_compressed_kdump();
return;
} else if (NETDUMP_DUMPFILE() || KDUMP_DUMPFILE()) {
dump_registers_for_elf_dumpfiles();
return;
} else if (VMSS_DUMPFILE()) {
dump_registers_for_vmss_dump();
return;
}
error(FATAL, "-r option not supported on %s\n",
ACTIVE() ? "a live system" : "this dumpfile type");
}
/*
* Format and display the help menu.
*/
void
display_help_screen(char *indent)
{
int i, j, rows;
char **namep;
help_init();
fprintf(fp, "\n%s", indent);
rows = (pc->ncmds + (HELP_COLUMNS-1)) / HELP_COLUMNS;
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
namep = &pc->cmdlist[i];
for (j = 0; j < HELP_COLUMNS; j++) {
fprintf(fp,"%-15s", *namep);
namep += rows;
if ((namep - pc->cmdlist) >= pc->ncmds)
break;
}
fprintf(fp,"\n%s", indent);
}
fprintf(fp, "\n%s%s version: %-6s gdb version: %s\n", indent,
pc->program_name, pc->program_version, pc->gdb_version);
fprintf(fp,
"%sFor help on any command above, enter \"help <command>\".\n",
indent);
fprintf(fp, "%sFor help on input options, enter \"help input\".\n",
indent);
fprintf(fp, "%sFor help on output options, enter \"help output\".\n",
indent);
#ifdef NO_LONGER_TRUE
fprintf(fp, "%sFor the most recent version: "
"http://www.missioncriticallinux.com/download\n\n", indent);
#else
fprintf(fp, "\n");
#endif
}
/*
* Used for generating HTML pages, dump the commands in the order
* they would be seen on the help menu, i.e., from left-to-right, row-by-row.
* Line ends are signaled with a "BREAK" string.
*/
static void
display_commands(void)
{
int i, j, rows;
char **namep;
help_init();
rows = (pc->ncmds + (HELP_COLUMNS-1)) / HELP_COLUMNS;
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
namep = &pc->cmdlist[i];
for (j = 0; j < HELP_COLUMNS; j++) {
fprintf(fp,"%s\n", *namep);
namep += rows;
if ((namep - pc->cmdlist) >= pc->ncmds) {
fprintf(fp, "BREAK\n");
break;
}
}
}
}
/*
* Help data for a command must be formatted using the following template:
"command-name",
"command description line",
"argument-usage line",
"description...",
"description...",
"description...",
NULL,
* The first line is concatenated with the second line, and will follow the
* help command's "NAME" header.
* The first and third lines will also be concatenated, and will follow the
* help command's "SYNOPSIS" header. If the command has no arguments, enter
* a string consisting of a space, i.e., " ".
* The fourth and subsequent lines will follow the help command's "DESCRIPTION"
* header.
*
* The program name can be referenced by using the %%s format. The final
* entry in each command's help data string list must be a NULL.
*/
char *help_foreach[] = {
"foreach",
"display command data for multiple tasks in the system",
"[[pid | taskp | name | state | [kernel | user | gleader]] ...]\n"
" command [flag] [argument]",
" This command allows for an examination of various kernel data associated",
" with any, or all, tasks in the system, without having to set the context",
" to each targeted task.\n",
" pid perform the command(s) on this PID.",
" taskp perform the command(s) on task referenced by this hexadecimal",
" task_struct pointer.",
" name perform the command(s) on all tasks with this name. If the",
" task name can be confused with a foreach command name, then",
" precede the name string with a \"\\\". If the name string is",
" enclosed within \"'\" characters, then the encompassed string",
" must be a POSIX extended regular expression that will be used",
" to match task names.",
" user perform the command(s) on all user (non-kernel) threads.",
" gleader perform the command(s) on all user (non-kernel) thread group leaders.",
" kernel perform the command(s) on all kernel threads.",
" active perform the command(s) on the active thread on each CPU.",
" state perform the command(s) on all tasks in the specified state, which",
" may be one of: RU, IN, UN, ST, ZO, TR, SW, DE, WA, PA, ID or NE.\n",
" If none of the task-identifying arguments above are entered, the command",
" will be performed on all tasks.\n",
" command select one or more of the following commands to be run on the tasks",
" selected, or on all tasks:\n",
" bt run the \"bt\" command (optional flags: -r -t -l -e -R -f -F",
" -o -s -x -d)",
" vm run the \"vm\" command (optional flags: -p -v -m -R -d -x)",
" task run the \"task\" command (optional flags: -R -d -x)",
" files run the \"files\" command (optional flag: -c -R)",
" net run the \"net\" command (optional flags: -s -S -R -d -x)",
" set run the \"set\" command",
" ps run the \"ps\" command (optional flags: -G -s -p -c -t -l -a",
" -g -r -y)",
" sig run the \"sig\" command (optional flag: -g)",
" vtop run the \"vtop\" command (optional flags: -c -u -k)\n",
" flag Pass this optional flag to the command selected.",
" argument Pass this argument to the command selected.",
" ",
" A header containing the PID, task address, cpu and command name will be",
" pre-pended before the command output for each selected task. Consult the",
" help page of each of the command types above for details.",
"\nEXAMPLES",
" Display the stack traces for all tasks:\n",
" %s> foreach bt",
" PID: 4752 TASK: c7680000 CPU: 1 COMMAND: \"xterm\"",
" #0 [c7681edc] schedule at c01135f6",
" (void)",
" #1 [c7681f34] schedule_timeout at c01131ff",
" (24)",
" #2 [c7681f64] do_select at c0132838",
" (5, c7681fa4, c7681fa0)",
" #3 [c7681fbc] sys_select at c0132dad",
" (5, 8070300, 8070380, 0, 0)",
" #4 [bffffb0c] system_call at c0109944",
" EAX: 0000008e EBX: 00000005 ECX: 08070300 EDX: 08070380 ",
" DS: 002b ESI: 00000000 ES: 002b EDI: 00000000 ",
" SS: 002b ESP: bffffadc EBP: bffffb0c ",
" CS: 0023 EIP: 402259ee ERR: 0000008e EFLAGS: 00000246 ",
" ",
" PID: 557 TASK: c5600000 CPU: 0 COMMAND: \"nfsd\"",
" #0 [c5601f38] schedule at c01135f6",
" (void)",
" #1 [c5601f90] schedule_timeout at c01131ff",
" (c5600000)",
" #2 [c5601fb8] svc_recv at c805363a",
" (c0096f40, c5602800, 7fffffff, 100, c65c9f1c)",
" #3 [c5601fec] (nfsd module) at c806e303",
" (c5602800, c5602800, c0096f40, 6c6e0002, 50)",
" #4 [c65c9f24] kernel_thread at c010834f",
" (0, 0, ext2_file_inode_operations)",
" ",
" PID: 824 TASK: c7c84000 CPU: 0 COMMAND: \"mingetty\"",
" ...\n",
" Display the task_struct structure for each \"bash\" command:\n",
" %s> foreach bash task",
" ...\n",
" Display the open files for all tasks:\n",
" %s> foreach files",
" ...\n",
" Display the state of tasks whose name contains a match to \"event.*\":\n",
" %s> foreach 'event.*' task -R state",
" PID: 99 TASK: ffff8804750d5500 CPU: 0 COMMAND: \"events/0\"",
" state = 1,",
" ",
" PID: 100 TASK: ffff8804750d4ac0 CPU: 1 COMMAND: \"events/1\"",
" state = 1,",
" ",
" PID: 101 TASK: ffff8804750d4080 CPU: 2 COMMAND: \"events/2\"",
" state = 1,",
" ...\n",
" Display the stack traces for all blocked (TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE) tasks:\n",
" %s> foreach UN bt",
" PID: 428 TASK: ffff880036b6c560 CPU: 1 COMMAND: \"jbd2/dm-1-8\"",
" #0 [ffff880035779a70] __schedule at ffffffff815df272",
" #1 [ffff880035779b08] schedule at ffffffff815dfacf",
" #2 [ffff880035779b18] io_schedule at ffffffff815dfb7f",
" #3 [ffff880035779b38] sleep_on_page at ffffffff81119a4e",
" #4 [ffff880035779b48] __wait_on_bit at ffffffff815e039f",
" #5 [ffff880035779b98] wait_on_page_bit at ffffffff81119bb8",
" #6 [ffff880035779be8] filemap_fdatawait_range at ffffffff81119ccc",
" #7 [ffff880035779cd8] filemap_fdatawait at ffffffff81119d8b",
" #8 [ffff880035779ce8] jbd2_journal_commit_transaction at ffffffff8123a99c",
" #9 [ffff880035779e58] kjournald2 at ffffffff8123ee7b",
" #10 [ffff880035779ee8] kthread at ffffffff8108fb9c",
" #11 [ffff880035779f48] kernel_thread_helper at ffffffff815ebaf4",
" ...\n",
NULL
};
char *help_ascii[] = {
"ascii",
"translate a hexadecimal string to ASCII",
"value ...",
" Translates 32-bit or 64-bit hexadecimal values to ASCII. If no argument",
" is entered, an ASCII chart is displayed.",
"\nEXAMPLES",
" Translate the hexadecimal value of 0x62696c2f7273752f to ASCII:",
"\n %s> ascii 62696c2f7273752f",
" 62696c2f7273752f: /usr/lib",
"\n Display an ASCII chart:",
"\n %s> ascii",
" ",
" 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7",
" +-------------------------------",
" 0 | NUL DLE SP 0 @ P ' p",
" 1 | SOH DC1 ! 1 A Q a q",
" 2 | STX DC2 \" 2 B R b r",
" 3 | ETX DC3 # 3 C S c s",
" 4 | EOT DC4 $ 4 D T d t",
" 5 | ENQ NAK \% 5 E U e u",
" 6 | ACK SYN & 6 F V f v",
" 7 | BEL ETB ` 7 G W g w",
" 8 | BS CAN ( 8 H X h x",
" 9 | HT EM ) 9 I Y i y",
" A | LF SUB * : J Z j z",
" B | VT ESC + ; K [ k {",
" C | FF FS , < L \\ l |",
" D | CR GS _ = M ] m }",
" E | SO RS . > N ^ n ~",
" F | SI US / ? O - o DEL",
NULL
};
char *help_sbitmapq[] = {
"sbitmapq",
"sbitmap_queue struct contents",
"[-s struct[.member[,member]] -a address [-p] [-v]] -[x|d] address",
" The command dumps the contents of the sbitmap_queue structure and",
" the used bits in the bitmap. Also, it shows the dump of a structure",
" array associated with the sbitmap_queue.",
"",
" The arguments are as follows:",
"",
" -s struct name of a C-code structure, that is stored in an array",
" associated with sbitmap_queue structure. Use the",
" \"struct.member\" format in order to display a particular",
" member of the structure. -s option requires -a option",
" -a address address of a structure array associated with sbitmap_queue",
" structure. The set bits in sbitmap are used for the index",
" in an associated array.",
" -p associated with sbitmap_queue array contains the points of",
" structure.",
" -x override default output format with hexadecimal format.",
" -d override default output format with decimal format.",
" -v By default, the sbitmap command shows only a used sbitmap",
" index and a structure address in the associated array.",
" This flag says to print a formatted display of the",
" contents of a structure in an associated array. -v option",
" requires of -s.",
"",
"EXAMPLES",
"",
" All examples are shown on the base of Linux Target system with iSCSI",
" transport.",
"",
" Display the common sbitmap information for target session:",
"",
" %s> struct -oh se_session 0xc0000000e118c760 | grep sbitmap_queue",