Kernel mode WinDbg extension and PoCs for testing how token privileges work.
There are notable repository and articles about token privilege abuse such Grzegorz Tworek's Priv2Admin. Codes in this repository are intended to help investigate how token privileges work.
This project covers how to get system privileges from high integrity level shell. See README.md for details.
The purpose of this project is to investigate how attackers abuse arbitrary kernel write vulnerability. All PoCs are written for HackSys Extreme Vulnerable Driver. Most of these PoCs perform to get SYSTEM integrity level by abusing arbitrary kernel write vulnerability and token privileges. Tested on Windows 10 version 1809/1903, but they should work most of Windows 10 theoretically:
| PoC Name | Description |
|---|---|
| CreateAssignTokenVariant | This PoC performs EoP with SeCreateTokenPrivilege and SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege. |
| CreateImpersonateTokenVariant | This PoC performs EoP with SeCreateTokenPrivilege and SeImpersonatePrivilege. |
| CreateTokenVariant | This PoC performs EoP with SeCreateTokenPrivilege. |
| DebugInjectionVariant | This PoC performs EoP with SeDebugPrivilege. Uses code injection to winlogon.exe at final stage. |
| DebugUpdateProcVariant | This PoC performs EoP with SeDebugPrivilege. Creates SYSTEM process from winlogon.exe with UpdateProcThreadAttribute API at final stage. |
| RestoreServiceModificationVariant | This PoC performs EoP with SeRestorePrivilege. Use HijackShellLib with this PoC. |
| SecondaryLogonVariant | This PoC performs EoP with SeCreateTokenPrivilege and SeImpersonatePrivilege. Uses secondary logon service at final stage. |
| TakeOwnershipServiceModificationVariant | This PoC performs EoP with SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege. Use HijackShellLib with this PoC. |
| TcbS4uAssignTokenVariant | This PoC performs EoP with SeTcbPrivilege. Get System mandatory level shell from medium mandatory level. |
| TcbS4uImpersonationVariant | This PoC performs EoP with SeTcbPrivilege. Performs thread impersonation with S4U logon. Not get high or system integrity level. |
Warning
In some environment, Debug build does not work. Release build is preferred.
PrivEditor is kernel mode WinDbg extension to manipulate token privilege of specific process. This extension makes it easy to configure the token privilege you want to investigate:
0: kd> .load C:\dev\PrivEditor\x64\Release\PrivEditor.dll
PrivEditor - Kernel Mode WinDbg extension for token privilege edit.
Commands :
+ !getps : List processes in target system.
+ !getpriv : List privileges of a process.
+ !addpriv : Add privilege(s) to a process.
+ !rmpriv : Remove privilege(s) from a process.
+ !enablepriv : Enable privilege(s) of a process.
+ !disablepriv : Disable privilege(s) of a process.
+ !enableall : Enable all privileges available to a process.
+ !disableall : Disable all privileges available to a process.
[*] To see command help, execute "!<Command> help" or "!<Command> /?".
This command is to list processes in your target system:
0: kd> !getps /?
!getps - List processes in target system.
Usage : !getps [Process Name]
Process Name : (OPTIONAL) Specifies filter string for process name.
If you execute this command without any arguments, this command list all processes in your target system as follows:
0: kd> !getps
PID nt!_EPROCESS nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES Process Name
======== =================== ======================== ============
0 0xfffff805`81233630 0x00000000`00000000 Idle
4 0xffffd60f`ec068380 0xffffaf00`cec07a40 System
68 0xffffd60f`f1780480 0xffffaf00`d3b290a0 svchost.exe
88 0xffffd60f`ec0db080 0xffffaf00`cec0d080 Registry
324 0xffffd60f`ef342040 0xffffaf00`d0416080 smss.exe
348 0xffffd60f`f052f100 0xffffaf00`d25d30a0 dwm.exe
408 0xffffd60f`eca8e140 0xffffaf00`d21bd930 csrss.exe
480 0xffffd60f`f05a8340 0xffffaf00`d2568670 svchost.exe
484 0xffffd60f`efcd60c0 0xffffaf00`d06430e0 wininit.exe
500 0xffffd60f`efd130c0 0xffffaf00`d23100a0 csrss.exe
580 0xffffd60f`efdc0080 0xffffaf00`d2266630 winlogon.exe
--snip--
If you want to know specific processes, set string filter as follows. The filter works with forward matching and case insensitive:
0: kd> !getps micro
PID nt!_EPROCESS nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES Process Name
======== =================== ======================== ============
4568 0xffffd60f`f14ed080 0xffffaf00`d3db60a0 MicrosoftEdge.exe
4884 0xffffd60f`f1647080 0xffffaf00`d3fc17b0 MicrosoftEdgeCP.exe
4892 0xffffd60f`f1685080 0xffffaf00`d3fc07b0 MicrosoftEdgeSH.exe
This command is to list token privileges of a specific process:
0: kd> !getpriv /?
!getpriv - List privileges of a process.
Usage : !getpriv <PID>
PID : Specifies target process ID.
To use this command, you need to set a target process ID in decimal format as follows:
0: kd> !getpriv 5704
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] PID : 5704
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd60f`f141e4c0
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffaf00`d4a0c0a0
This command is to add token privilege(s) to a specific process:
0: kd> !addpriv /?
!addpriv - Add privilege(s) to a process.
Usage : !addpriv <PID> <Privilege>
PID : Specifies target process ID.
Privilege : Specifies privilege to enable (case insensitive). Available privileges are following.
+ CreateToken : SeCreateTokenPrivilege.
+ AssignPrimaryToken : SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege.
+ LockMemory : SeLockMemoryPrivilege.
+ IncreaseQuota : SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege.
+ MachineAccount : SeMachineAccountPrivilege.
+ Tcb : SeTcbPrivilege.
+ Security : SeSecurityPrivilege.
+ TakeOwnership : SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege.
+ LoadDriver : SeLoadDriverPrivilege.
+ SystemProfile : SeSystemProfilePrivilege.
+ Systemtime : SeSystemtimePrivilege.
+ ProfileSingleProcess : SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege.
+ IncreaseBasePriority : SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege.
+ CreatePagefile : SeCreatePagefilePrivilege.
+ CreatePermanent : SeCreatePermanentPrivilege.
+ Backup : SeBackupPrivilege.
+ Restore : SeRestorePrivilege.
+ Shutdown : SeShutdownPrivilege.
+ Debug : SeDebugPrivilege.
+ Audit : SeAuditPrivilege.
+ SystemEnvironment : SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege.
+ ChangeNotify : SeChangeNotifyPrivilege.
+ RemoteShutdown : SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege.
+ Undock : SeUndockPrivilege.
+ SyncAgent : SeSyncAgentPrivilege.
+ EnableDelegation : SeEnableDelegationPrivilege.
+ ManageVolume : SeManageVolumePrivilege.
+ Impersonate : SeImpersonatePrivilege.
+ CreateGlobal : SeCreateGlobalPrivilege.
+ TrustedCredManAccess : SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege.
+ Relabel : SeRelabelPrivilege.
+ IncreaseWorkingSet : SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege.
+ TimeZone : SeTimeZonePrivilege.
+ CreateSymbolicLink : SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege.
+ DelegateSessionUserImpersonate : SeDelegateSessionUserImpersonatePrivilege.
+ All : All privileges.
For example, if you want to set SeDebugPrivilege to a specific process, set a target process ID for the first argument and shorten privilege name debug as listed in the help message for second argument as follows:
0: kd> !getpriv 5704
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] PID : 5704
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd60f`f141e4c0
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffaf00`d4a0c0a0
0: kd> !addpriv 5704 debug
[>] Trying to add SeDebugPrivilege.
[*] Done.
0: kd> !getpriv 5704
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeDebugPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] PID : 5704
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd60f`f141e4c0
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffaf00`d4a0c0a0
The privilege name argument is case insensitive.
If you want to add all token privileges at a time, set all as the privilege name argument:
0: kd> !addpriv 5704 all
[>] Trying to add all privileges.
[*] Done.
0: kd> !getpriv 5704
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeCreateTokenPrivilege Disabled
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege Disabled
SeLockMemoryPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege Disabled
SeMachineAccountPrivilege Disabled
SeTcbPrivilege Disabled
SeSecurityPrivilege Disabled
--snip--
This command is to remove token privilege(s) from a specific process:
0: kd> !rmpriv /?
!rmpriv - Remove privilege(s) from a process.
Usage : !rmpriv <PID> <Privilege>
PID : Specifies target process ID.
Privilege : Specifies privilege to enable (case insensitive). Available privileges are following.
+ CreateToken : SeCreateTokenPrivilege.
+ AssignPrimaryToken : SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege.
+ LockMemory : SeLockMemoryPrivilege.
--snip--
If you want to remove SeChangeNotifyPrivilege, execute this command as follows:
0: kd> !getpriv 352
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] PID : 352
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd60f`f17c6080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffaf00`d3468770
0: kd> !rmpriv 352 changenotify
[>] Trying to remove SeChangeNotifyPrivilege.
[*] Done.
0: kd> !getpriv 352
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] PID : 352
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd60f`f17c6080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffaf00`d3468770
As !addpriv command, you can remove all token privileges at a time by setting all as the privilege name argument:
0: kd> !rmpriv 352 all
[>] Trying to remove all privileges.
[*] Done.
0: kd> !getpriv 352
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
[*] PID : 352
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd60f`f17c6080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffaf00`d3468770
This command is to enable token privilege(s) of a specific process:
0: kd> !enablepriv /?
!enablepriv - Enable privilege(s) of a process.
Usage : !enablepriv <PID> <Privilege>
PID : Specifies target process ID.
Privilege : Specifies privilege to enable (case insensitive). Available privileges are following.
+ CreateToken : SeCreateTokenPrivilege.
+ AssignPrimaryToken : SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege.
+ LockMemory : SeLockMemoryPrivilege.
--snip--
The first argument is for process ID, and the second is for token privilege name:
0: kd> !getpriv 1932
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] PID : 1932
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd60f`f17c6080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffaf00`d4a040a0
0: kd> !enablepriv 1932 timezone
[>] Trying to enable SeTimeZonePrivilege.
[*] Done.
0: kd> !getpriv 1932
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Enabled
[*] PID : 1932
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd60f`f17c6080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffaf00`d4a040a0
If you tried to enable privilege(s), not added yet, this command adds it automatically:
0: kd> !getpriv 1932
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Enabled
[*] PID : 1932
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd60f`f17c6080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffaf00`d4a040a0
0: kd> !enablepriv 1932 debug
[*] SeDebugPrivilege is not present.
[>] Trying to add SeDebugPrivilege.
[>] Trying to enable SeDebugPrivilege.
[*] Done.
0: kd> !getpriv 1932
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeDebugPrivilege Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Enabled
[*] PID : 1932
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd60f`f17c6080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffaf00`d4a040a0
This command is to disable token privilege(s) of a specific process:
0: kd> !disablepriv /?
!disablepriv - Disable privilege(s) of a process.
Usage : !disablepriv <PID> <Privilege>
PID : Specifies target process ID.
Privilege : Specifies privilege to enable (case insensitive). Available privileges are following.
+ CreateToken : SeCreateTokenPrivilege.
+ AssignPrimaryToken : SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege.
+ LockMemory : SeLockMemoryPrivilege.
--snip--
To use this command, set a target process ID for the first argument and token privilege name for the second argument:
0: kd> !getpriv 1932
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeDebugPrivilege Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Enabled
[*] PID : 1932
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd60f`f17c6080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffaf00`d4a040a0
0: kd> !disablepriv 1932 debug
[>] Trying to disable SeDebugPrivilege.
[*] Done.
0: kd> !getpriv 1932
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeDebugPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Enabled
[*] PID : 1932
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd60f`f17c6080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffaf00`d4a040a0
This command is to enable all token privilege(s) available for a specific process:
0: kd> !enableall /?
!enableall - Enable all privileges available to a process.
Usage : !enableall <PID>
PID : Specifies target process ID.
It works as follows:
0: kd> !getpriv 3792
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Disabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
[*] PID : 3792
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd507`aaed9080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffb708`d72ab8a0
0: kd> !enableall 3792
[>] Trying to enable all available privileges.
[*] Done.
0: kd> !getpriv 3792
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Enabled
[*] PID : 3792
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd507`aaed9080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffb708`d72ab8a0
This command is to disable all token privilege(s) for a specific process:
0: kd> !disableall /?
!disableall - Disable all privileges available to a process.
Usage : !disableall <PID>
PID : Specifies target process ID.
This command is equivalent to !disablepriv <PID> all. Works as follows:
0: kd> !getpriv 3792
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Enabled
[*] PID : 3792
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd507`aaed9080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffb708`d72ab8a0
0: kd> !disableall 3792
[>] Trying to disable all available privileges.
[*] Done.
0: kd> !getpriv 3792
Privilege Name State
========================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Disabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
[*] PID : 3792
[*] Process Name : cmd.exe
[*] nt!_EPROCESS : 0xffffd507`aaed9080
[*] nt!_SEP_TOKEN_PRIVILEGES : 0xffffb708`d72ab8a0
This project is PoCs for sensitive token privileges such SeDebugPrivilege.
Currently, released PoCs for a part of them.
| Program Name | Description |
|---|---|
| SeAuditPrivilegePoC | This PoC tries to create new security event(s) by SeAuditPrivilegePoC. SeAuditPrivilege does not require high integrity level, but this PoC requires administrative privileges at the first execution to install new event source. Additionally, to confirm the result, this PoC may require modification of local security policy setting. |
| SeBackupPrivilegePoC | This PoC tries to dump HKLM\SAM by SeBackupPrivilege. |
| SeCreatePagefilePrivilegePoC | This PoC tries to set pagefile option to specific values by SeCreatePagefilePrivilege. |
| SeCreateTokenPrivilegePoC | This PoC tries to create a elevated token by SeCreateTokenPrivilege. |
| SeDebugPrivilegePoC | This PoC tries to open a handle to winlogon.exe by SeDebugPrivilege. |
| SeRestorePrivilegePoC | This PoC tries to write test file in C:\Windows\System32\ by SeRestorePrivilege. |
| SeSecurityPrivilegePoC | This PoC tries to read the latest security event by SeSecurityPrivilege. |
| SeShutdownPrivilegePoC | This PoC tries to cause BSOD by SeShutdownPrivilege. |
| SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilegePoC | This PoC tries to enumerate system environment by SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege. Works for UEFI based system only. Due to OS functionality, this PoC does not work for OSes earlier Windows 10 Build 1809. |
| SeTakeOwnershipPrivilegePoC | This PoC tries to change the owner of HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\dmwappushservice to the caller user account by SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege. |
| SeTcbPrivilegePoC | This PoC tries to perform S4U Logon to be Builtin\Backup Operators by SeTcbPrivilege. |
| SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilegePoC | This PoC tries to access DPAPI blob by SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege. |
This tool is to perform S4U logon with SeTcbPrivilege. To perform S4U logon with this tool, administrative privileges are required.
PS C:\Tools> .\S4uDelegator.exe -h
S4uDelegator - Tool for S4U Logon.
Usage: S4uDelegator.exe [Options]
-h, --help : Displays this help message.
-l, --lookup : Flag to lookup account SID.
-x, --execute : Flag to execute command.
-c, --command : Specifies command to execute. Default is cmd.exe.
-d, --domain : Specifies domain name to lookup or S4U logon.
-e, --extra : Specifies group SIDs you want to add for S4U logon with comma separation.
-n, --name : Specifies account name to lookup or S4U logon.
-s, --sid : Specifies SID to lookup.
To use this tool, -l or -x flag must be specified.
-l flag is for looking up account information as follows:
PS C:\Tools> .\S4uDelegator.exe -l -d contoso -n "domain admins"
[*] Account Name : CONTOSO\Domain Admins
[*] SID : S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-512
[*] Account Type : Group
PS C:\Tools> .\S4uDelegator.exe -l -s S-1-5-80-1913148863-3492339771-4165695881-2087618961-4109116736
[*] Account Name : NT SERVICE\WinDefend
[*] SID : S-1-5-80-1913148863-3492339771-4165695881-2087618961-4109116736
[*] Account Type : WellKnownGroup
To execute command with S4U logon, set -x flag, and specify account name or SID as follows.
Command to execute can be specified with -c option (default is cmd.exe):
PS C:\Tools> whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
============ =============================================
contoso\jeff S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-1105
PS C:\Tools> .\S4uDelegator.exe -x -d . -n admin
[*] S4U logon target information:
[*] Account : CL01\admin
[*] SID : S-1-5-21-2659926013-4203293582-4033841475-500
[*] UPN : (Null)
[*] Type : User
[>] Trying to get SYSTEM.
[+] Got SYSTEM privileges.
[>] Trying to S4U logon.
[+] S4U logon is successful.
[>] Trying to create a token assigned process.
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.18362.175]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Tools>whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
========== =============================================
cl01\admin S-1-5-21-2659926013-4203293582-4033841475-500
If you want to add extra group information, set group SIDs with comma separated value with -e option as follows:
PS C:\Tools> whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
============= =============================================
contoso\david S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-1104
PS C:\Tools> .\S4uDelegator.exe -x -d contoso -n jeff -e S-1-5-32-544,S-1-5-20 -c powershell
[*] S4U logon target information:
[*] Account : CONTOSO\jeff
[*] SID : S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-1105
[*] UPN : jeff@contoso.local
[*] Type : User
[>] Verifying extra group SID(s).
[*] BUILTIN\Administrators (SID : S-1-5-32-544) will be added as a group.
[*] NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE (SID : S-1-5-20) will be added as a group.
[>] Trying to get SYSTEM.
[+] Got SYSTEM privileges.
[>] Trying to S4U logon.
[+] S4U logon is successful.
[>] Trying to create a token assigned process.
Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Try the new cross-platform PowerShell https://aka.ms/pscore6
PS C:\Tools> whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
============ =============================================
contoso\jeff S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-1105
PS C:\Tools> whoami /groups
GROUP INFORMATION
-----------------
Group Name Type SID Attributes
====================================== ================ ============================================= ==================================================
Everyone Well-known group S-1-1-0 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
BUILTIN\Users Alias S-1-5-32-545 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK Well-known group S-1-5-2 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users Well-known group S-1-5-11 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\This Organization Well-known group S-1-5-15 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
BUILTIN\Administrators Alias S-1-5-32-544 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE Well-known group S-1-5-20 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
CONTOSO\ServerAdmins Group S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-1103 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
Service asserted identity Well-known group S-1-18-2 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
Mandatory Label\System Mandatory Level Label S-1-16-16384
WARNING
If you try S4U logon with unprivileged account for target machine, you will get error
0xC0000142(STATUS_DLL_INIT_FAILED) and command cannot be executed. To avoid this problem, add privileged groups as extra groups with-eoption.Additionaly, some account cannot be specified as extra group (e.g.
NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller) for S4U logon. If you set such group accounts as extra group, S4U logon will be failed with error0x00000005(ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)
This tool is to enable or disable specific token privileges for a process:
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -h
SwitchPriv - Tool to control token privileges.
Usage: SwitchPriv.exe [Options]
-h, --help : Displays this help message.
-d, --disable : Specifies token privilege to disable or "all".
-e, --enable : Specifies token privilege to enable or "all".
-f, --filter : Specifies token privilege you want to remain.
-i, --integrity : Specifies integrity level to set in decimal value.
-p, --pid : Specifies the target PID. Default specifies PPID.
-r, --remove : Specifies token privilege to remove or "all".
-s, --search : Specifies token privilege to search.
-g, --get : Flag to get available privileges for the target process.
-l, --list : Flag to list values for --integrity options.
-S, --system : Flag to run as "NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM".
To list values for --integrity option, execute with --list flag as follows:
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -l
Available values for --integrity option:
* 0 : UNTRUSTED_MANDATORY_LEVEL
* 1 : LOW_MANDATORY_LEVEL
* 2 : MEDIUM_MANDATORY_LEVEL
* 3 : MEDIUM_PLUS_MANDATORY_LEVEL
* 4 : HIGH_MANDATORY_LEVEL
* 5 : SYSTEM_MANDATORY_LEVEL
* 6 : PROTECTED_MANDATORY_LEVEL
* 7 : SECURE_MANDATORY_LEVEL
Example :
* Down a specific process' integrity level to Low.
PS C:\> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 4142 -s 1
Protected and Secure level should not be available, but left for research purpose.
The target process' PID is specified with -p option.
You can list available privileges for the target process with -g flag and -p option as follows:
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 9408 -g
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 9408
[*] Process Name : Notepad
[+] Got 5 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
============================= =========================
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] Integrity Level : Medium Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
When -p option is not specified, PID will be parent PID for this tool:
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -g
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 6772
[*] Process Name : powershell
[+] Got 5 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
============================= =========================
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] Integrity Level : Medium Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
Privilege name to control is specfied with any case insensitive strings which can specify a unique privilege name in available privileges for the target process.
For example, to enable SeUndockPrivilege for the target process, execute with --enable option as follows:
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 9408 -g
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 9408
[*] Process Name : Notepad
[+] Got 5 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
============================= =========================
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] Integrity Level : Medium Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 9408 -e und
[>] Trying to enable a token privilege.
[*] Target PID : 9408
[*] Process Name : Notepad
[+] SeUndockPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 9408 -g
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 9408
[*] Process Name : Notepad
[+] Got 5 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
============================= =========================
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] Integrity Level : Medium Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
When you set bogus string which can not specify a unique privilege name, you will get following message:
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 9408 -e se
[>] Trying to enable a token privilege.
[*] Target PID : 9408
[*] Process Name : Notepad
[-] Cannot specify a unique privilege to enable.
[*] SeShutdownPrivilege
[*] SeChangeNotifyPrivilege
[*] SeUndockPrivilege
[*] SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege
[*] SeTimeZonePrivilege
[*] Done.
For example, to enable SeChangeNotifyPrivilege, execute with --disable option as follows:
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 9408 -g
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 9408
[*] Process Name : Notepad
[+] Got 5 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
============================= =========================
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] Integrity Level : Medium Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 9408 -d chan
[>] Trying to disable a token privilege.
[*] Target PID : 9408
[*] Process Name : Notepad
[+] SeChangeNotifyPrivilege is disabled successfully.
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 9408 -g
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 9408
[*] Process Name : Notepad
[+] Got 5 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
============================= ==========================
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Disabled
SeUndockPrivilege Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] Integrity Level : Medium Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
To remove privilege, use --remove option as follows:
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 9408 -g
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 9408
[*] Process Name : Notepad
[+] Got 5 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
============================= ==========================
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Disabled
SeUndockPrivilege Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] Integrity Level : Medium Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 9408 -r inc
[>] Trying to remove a token privilege.
[*] Target PID : 9408
[*] Process Name : Notepad
[+] SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege is removed successfully.
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 9408 -g
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 9408
[*] Process Name : Notepad
[+] Got 4 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
======================= ==========================
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Disabled
SeUndockPrivilege Enabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
[*] Integrity Level : Medium Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
If you want to test a specific privilege, you can remove all privileges other than you want to test with -f option as follows:
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -g
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 4392
[*] Process Name : powershell
[+] Got 5 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
============================= =========================
SeShutdownPrivilege Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Enabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Enabled
[*] Integrity Level : Medium Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -f tim
[>] Trying to remove all token privileges except one.
[*] Target PID : 4392
[*] Process Name : powershell
[>] Trying to remove all privileges except for SeTimeZonePrivilege.
[+] SeShutdownPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeChangeNotifyPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeUndockPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege is removed successfully.
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -g
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 4392
[*] Process Name : powershell
[+] Got 1 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
=================== =======
SeTimeZonePrivilege Enabled
[*] Integrity Level : Medium Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
You can use comma separated value to filter multiple privileges as follows:
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 24300 -g
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 24300
[*] Process Name : powershell
[+] Got 24 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
========================================= =========================
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege Disabled
SeSecurityPrivilege Disabled
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege Disabled
SeLoadDriverPrivilege Disabled
SeSystemProfilePrivilege Disabled
SeSystemtimePrivilege Disabled
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege Disabled
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege Disabled
SeBackupPrivilege Disabled
SeRestorePrivilege Disabled
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeDebugPrivilege Enabled
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeManageVolumePrivilege Disabled
SeImpersonatePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege Disabled
SeDelegateSessionUserImpersonatePrivilege Disabled
[*] Integrity Level : High Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 24300 -f rest,back,deb
[>] Trying to remove all token privileges except one.
[*] Target PID : 24300
[*] Process Name : powershell
[>] Trying to remove privileges other than follows.
[*] SeBackupPrivilege
[*] SeRestorePrivilege
[*] SeDebugPrivilege
[+] SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeSecurityPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeLoadDriverPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeSystemProfilePrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeSystemtimePrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeCreatePagefilePrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeShutdownPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeChangeNotifyPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeUndockPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeManageVolumePrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeImpersonatePrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeCreateGlobalPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeTimeZonePrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege is removed successfully.
[+] SeDelegateSessionUserImpersonatePrivilege is removed successfully.
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -p 24300 -g
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 24300
[*] Process Name : powershell
[+] Got 3 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
========================= ========
SeBackupPrivilege Disabled
SeRestorePrivilege Disabled
SeDebugPrivilege Enabled
[*] Integrity Level : High Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
To enable, disable or remove all available token privileges, specify all as the value for --enable, --disable or --remove option:
PS C:\Dev> whoami /priv
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name Description State
============================= ==================================== ========
SeShutdownPrivilege Shut down the system Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Bypass traverse checking Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Remove computer from docking station Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Change the time zone Disabled
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -e all
[>] Trying to enable all token privileges.
[*] Target PID : 6772
[*] Process Name : powershell
[+] SeShutdownPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] SeUndockPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] SeTimeZonePrivilege is enabled successfully.
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> whoami /priv
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name Description State
============================= ==================================== =======
SeShutdownPrivilege Shut down the system Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Bypass traverse checking Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Remove computer from docking station Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set Enabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Change the time zone Enabled
To find process have a specific privilege, use -s option as follows:
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -s createt
[>] Searching processes have SeCreateTokenPrivilege.
[+] Got 5 process(es).
[*] Memory Compression (PID : 2548)
[*] smss (PID : 372)
[*] lsass (PID : 736)
[*] csrss (PID : 584)
[*] csrss (PID : 504)
[*] Access is denied by following 2 process(es).
[*] System (PID : 4)
[*] Idle (PID : 0)
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -g -p 2548
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 2548
[*] Process Name : Memory Compression
[+] Got 31 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
========================================= =========================
SeCreateTokenPrivilege Disabled
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege Disabled
SeLockMemoryPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege Disabled
SeTcbPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeSecurityPrivilege Disabled
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege Disabled
SeLoadDriverPrivilege Disabled
SeSystemProfilePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeSystemtimePrivilege Disabled
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeCreatePermanentPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeBackupPrivilege Disabled
SeRestorePrivilege Disabled
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeDebugPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeAuditPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeManageVolumePrivilege Disabled
SeImpersonatePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege Disabled
SeRelabelPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeDelegateSessionUserImpersonatePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
[*] Integrity Level : System Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
If you want to set integrity level, use --integrity option as follows:
PS C:\Dev> whoami /groups | findstr /i level
Mandatory Label\Medium Mandatory Level Label S-1-16-8192
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -i 1
[>] Trying to update Integrity Level.
[*] Target PID : 3436
[*] Process Name : powershell
[>] Trying to update Integrity Level to LOW_MANDATORY_LEVEL.
[+] Integrity Level is updated successfully.
[*] Done.
PS C:\Dev> whoami /groups | findstr /i level
Mandatory Label\Low Mandatory Level Label S-1-16-4096
To perform any actions as SYSTEM, set -S flag as follows (SeDebugPrivilege and SeImpersonatePrivilege are required):
PS C:\Dev> .\SwitchPriv.exe -g -p 2548 -S
[>] Trying to get available token privilege(s) for the target process.
[*] Target PID : 2548
[*] Process Name : Memory Compression
[>] Trying to get SYSTEM.
[+] Got SYSTEM privilege.
[+] Got 31 token privilege(s).
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
========================================= =========================
SeCreateTokenPrivilege Disabled
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege Disabled
SeLockMemoryPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege Disabled
SeTcbPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeSecurityPrivilege Disabled
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege Disabled
SeLoadDriverPrivilege Disabled
SeSystemProfilePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeSystemtimePrivilege Disabled
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeCreatePermanentPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeBackupPrivilege Disabled
SeRestorePrivilege Disabled
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeDebugPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeAuditPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeManageVolumePrivilege Disabled
SeImpersonatePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege Disabled
SeRelabelPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeDelegateSessionUserImpersonatePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
[*] Integrity Level : System Mandatory Level
[*] Done.
This tool is a utility to inspect token information:
C:\Dev>.\TokenDump.exe -h
TokenDump - Tool to dump processs token information.
Usage: TokenDump.exe [Options]
-h, --help : Displays this help message.
-d, --debug : Flag to enable SeDebugPrivilege.
-e, --enum : Flag to enumerate brief information tokens for processes or handles.
-T, --thread : Flag to scan thead tokens. Use with -e option.
-H, --handle : Flag to scan token handles. Use with -e option.
-s, --scan : Flag to get verbose information for a specific process, thread or handle.
-a, --account : Specifies account name filter string. Use with -e flag.
-p, --pid : Specifies a target PID in decimal format. Use with -s flag, or -e and -H flag.
-t, --tid : Specifies a target TID in decimal format. Use with -s flag and -p option.
-v, --value : Specifies a token handle value in hex format. Use with -s flag and -p option.
To enumerate token for all processes, just set -e flag:
C:\Dev>.\TokenDump.exe -e
[>] Trying to enumerate process token.
PID Session Process Name Token User Integrity Restricted AppContainer
==== ======= =========================== ============================ ========= ========== ============
5004 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System False False
3728 0 conhost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System False False
--snip--
6712 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE System False False
1972 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System False False
[+] Got 129 token information.
[*] Found 7 account(s).
[*] NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
[*] dev22h2\user
[*] NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE
[*] NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE
[*] Font Driver Host\UMFD-0
[*] Font Driver Host\UMFD-1
[*] Window Manager\DWM-1
[*] Done.
If you want to enable SeDebugPrivilege, set -d flag as follows:
C:\Dev>.\TokenDump.exe -e -d
[>] Trying to enable SeDebugPrivilege.
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[>] Trying to enumerate process token.
PID Session Process Name Token User Integrity Restricted AppContainer
==== ======= =========================== ============================ ========= ========== ============
5004 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System False False
3728 0 conhost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System False False
3740 0 vm3dservice.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System False False
--snip--
When set -H flag with -e flag, TokenDump tries to enumerate Token handles information:
C:\Dev>.\TokenDump.exe -e -H -d
[>] Trying to enable SeDebugPrivilege.
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[>] Trying to enumerate token handles.
[Token Handle(s) - winlogon.exe (PID: 704)]
Handle Session Token User Integrity Restricted AppContainer Token Type Impersonation Level
====== ======= =================== ========= ========== ============ ============= ===================
0x2B0 1 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System False False Primary Anonymous
0x2B4 1 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System False False Primary Anonymous
0x38C 1 dev22h2\user Medium False False Primary Impersonation
--snip--
[Token Handle(s) - svchost.exe (PID: 3272)]
Handle Session Token User Integrity Restricted AppContainer Token Type Impersonation Level
====== ======= ========================== ========= ========== ============ ========== ===================
0x168 0 NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE System False False Primary Anonymous
[+] Got 819 handle(s).
[*] Found 8 account(s).
[*] NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
[*] dev22h2\user
[*] Font Driver Host\UMFD-1
[*] Font Driver Host\UMFD-0
[*] NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE
[*] Window Manager\DWM-1
[*] NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE
[*] NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON
[*] Done.
When specified PID with -p option, TokenDup enumerate only the specified process handles:
C:\Dev>.\TokenDump.exe -e -H -d -p 704
[>] Trying to enable SeDebugPrivilege.
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[>] Trying to enumerate token handles.
[Token Handle(s) - winlogon.exe (PID: 704)]
Handle Session Token User Integrity Restricted AppContainer Token Type Impersonation Level
====== ======= =================== ========= ========== ============ ============= ===================
0x2B0 1 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System False False Primary Anonymous
0x2B4 1 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System False False Primary Anonymous
0x38C 1 dev22h2\user Medium False False Primary Impersonation
0x398 1 dev22h2\user High False False Primary Identification
0x3C4 1 dev22h2\user Medium False False Impersonation Impersonation
0x3C8 1 dev22h2\user Medium False False Impersonation Impersonation
0x3D0 1 dev22h2\user Medium False False Impersonation Impersonation
0x3D4 1 dev22h2\user Medium False False Impersonation Impersonation
[+] Got 8 handle(s).
[*] Found 2 account(s).
[*] NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
[*] dev22h2\user
[*] Done.
To enumerate impersonated thread token, set -T flag as well as -e flag as follows:
C:\Dev>.\TokenDump.exe -e -T -d
[>] Trying to enable SeDebugPrivilege.
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[>] Trying to enumerate impersonated threads.
PID TID Session Process Name Token User Integrity Impersonation Level
==== ==== ======= ============ =================== ========= ===================
1952 2000 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System Impersonation
1952 2300 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System Impersonation
3516 4348 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System Impersonation
3516 4656 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System Impersonation
[+] Got 4 thread(s).
[*] Found 1 account(s).
[*] NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
[*] Done.
If you want to filter these results with token username, set filter string as -a option value as follows:
C:\Dev>.\TokenDump.exe -e -a network -d
[>] Trying to enable SeDebugPrivilege.
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[>] Trying to enumerate process token.
PID Session Process Name Token User Integrity Restricted AppContainer
==== ======= ============ ============================ ========= ========== ============
1932 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE System False False
3500 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE System False False
2904 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE System False False
2504 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE System False False
7012 0 msdtc.exe NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE System False False
7092 0 sppsvc.exe NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE System False False
1676 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE System False False
3584 0 WmiPrvSE.exe NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE System False False
1000 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE System False False
[+] Got 9 token information.
[*] Found 7 account(s).
[*] NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
[*] dev22h2\user
[*] NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE
[*] NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE
[*] Font Driver Host\UMFD-0
[*] Font Driver Host\UMFD-1
[*] Window Manager\DWM-1
[*] Done.
C:\Dev>.\TokenDump.exe -e -a network -d -H
[>] Trying to enable SeDebugPrivilege.
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[>] Trying to enumerate token handles.
[Token Handle(s) - lsass.exe (PID: 768)]
Handle Session Token User Integrity Restricted AppContainer Token Type Impersonation Level
====== ======= ============================ ========= ========== ============ ============= ===================
0x914 0 NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE System False False Impersonation Impersonation
--snip--
[Token Handle(s) - msdtc.exe (PID: 7012)]
Handle Session Token User Integrity Restricted AppContainer Token Type Impersonation Level
====== ======= ============================ ========= ========== ============ ========== ===================
0x23C 0 NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE System False False Primary Anonymous
[+] Got 27 handle(s).
[*] Found 8 account(s).
[*] NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
[*] dev22h2\user
[*] Font Driver Host\UMFD-1
[*] Font Driver Host\UMFD-0
[*] NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE
[*] Window Manager\DWM-1
[*] NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE
[*] NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON
[*] Done.
To get verbose information for a specific process, set -s flag and target PID as -p option value:
C:\Dev>.\TokenDump.exe -s -p 5996
[>] Trying to dump process token information.
[Token Information for StartMenuExperienceHost.exe (PID: 5996)]
ImageFilePath : C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy\StartMenuExperienceHost.exe
CommandLine : "C:\Windows\SystemApps\Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy\StartMenuExperienceHost.exe" -ServerName:App.AppXywbrabmsek0gm3tkwpr5kwzbs55tkqay.mca
Token User : dev22h2\user (SID: S-1-5-21-3896868301-3921591151-1374190648-1001)
Token Owner : dev22h2\user (SID: S-1-5-21-3896868301-3921591151-1374190648-1001)
Primary Group : dev22h2\None (SID: S-1-5-21-3896868301-3921591151-1374190648-513)
Token Type : Primary
Impersonation Level : Anonymous
Token ID : 0x0000000000063D9A
Authentication ID : 0x000000000001DFE5
Original ID : 0x00000000000003E7
Modified ID : 0x0000000000063D24
Integrity Level : Low
Protection Level : N/A
Session ID : 1
Elevation Type : Limited
Mandatory Policy : NoWriteUp
Elevated : False
AppContainer : True
TokenFlags : VirtualizeAllowed, IsFiltered, LowBox
AppContainer Name : microsoft.windows.startmenuexperiencehost_cw5n1h2txyewy
AppContainer SID : S-1-15-2-515815643-2845804217-1874292103-218650560-777617685-4287762684-137415000
AppContainer Number : 2
Has Linked Token : True
Token Source : User32
Token Source ID : 0x000000000001DE9D
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
============================= =========================
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
GROUP INFORMATION
-----------------
Group Name Attributes
============================================================= =============================================
dev22h2\None Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
Everyone Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\Local account and member of Administrators group UseForDenyOnly
BUILTIN\Administrators UseForDenyOnly
BUILTIN\Users Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\INTERACTIVE Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
CONSOLE LOGON Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\This Organization Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\Local account Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\LogonSessionId_0_122425 Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled, LogonId
LOCAL Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\NTLM Authentication Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
Mandatory Label\Low Mandatory Level Integrity, IntegrityEnabled
APPCONTAINER CAPABILITIES
-------------------------
Capability Name Flags
========================================================================== =======
APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your Internet connection Enabled
APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your home or work networks Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\PackageQuery Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\ActivitySystem Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\PreviewStore Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\CortanaPermissions Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\AppointmentsSystem Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\TeamEditionExperience Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\ShellExperience Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\PackageContents Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\VisualElementsSystem Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\UserAccountInformation Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\ActivityData Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\CloudStore Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\TargetedContent Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\StoreAppInstall Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\StoreLicenseManagement Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\CortanaSettings Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\DependencyTarget Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\SearchSettings Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\CellularData Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\WifiData Enabled
PACKAGE CAPABILITY\microsoft.windows.startmenuexperiencehost_cw5n1h2txyewy Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\AccessoryManager Enabled
NAMED CAPABILITIES\UserAccountInformation Enabled
DACL INFORMATION
----------------
Account Name Access Flags Type
======================================================= =========================== ===== =============
dev22h2\user GenericAll None AccessAllowed
NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM GenericAll None AccessAllowed
NT AUTHORITY\LogonSessionId_0_122425 GenericExecute, GenericRead None AccessAllowed
microsoft.windows.startmenuexperiencehost_cw5n1h2txyewy GenericAll None AccessAllowed
SECURITY ATTRIBUTES INFORMATION
-------------------------------
[*] WIN://SYSAPPID
Flags : None
Type : String
Value[0x00] : Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_10.0.22621.1_neutral_neutral_cw5n1h2txyewy
Value[0x01] : App
Value[0x02] : Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy
[*] WIN://PKG
Flags : None
Type : UInt64
Value[0x00] : 0x0000000200000001
[*] WIN://PKGHOSTID
Flags : None
Type : UInt64
Value[0x00] : 0x1000000000000001
[*] TSA://ProcUnique
Flags : NonInheritable, Unique
Type : UInt64
Value[0x00] : 0x0000000000000041
Value[0x01] : 0x0000000000063D9B
[Linked Token Information for StartMenuExperienceHost.exe (PID: 5996)]
Token User : dev22h2\user (SID: S-1-5-21-3896868301-3921591151-1374190648-1001)
Token Owner : BUILTIN\Administrators (SID: S-1-5-32-544)
Primary Group : dev22h2\None (SID: S-1-5-21-3896868301-3921591151-1374190648-513)
Token Type : Impersonation
Impersonation Level : Identification
Token ID : 0x000000000016ECE6
Authentication ID : 0x000000000001DF83
Original ID : 0x00000000000003E7
Modified ID : 0x000000000001DFE4
Integrity Level : High
Protection Level : N/A
Session ID : 1
Elevation Type : Full
Mandatory Policy : NoWriteUp, NewProcessMin
Elevated : True
AppContainer : False
TokenFlags : NotLow
Token Source : User32
Token Source ID : 0x000000000001DE9D
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
========================================= =========================
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege Disabled
SeSecurityPrivilege Disabled
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege Disabled
SeLoadDriverPrivilege Disabled
SeSystemProfilePrivilege Disabled
SeSystemtimePrivilege Disabled
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege Disabled
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege Disabled
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege Disabled
SeBackupPrivilege Disabled
SeRestorePrivilege Disabled
SeShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeDebugPrivilege Disabled
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege Disabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege Disabled
SeUndockPrivilege Disabled
SeManageVolumePrivilege Disabled
SeImpersonatePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Disabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Disabled
SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege Disabled
SeDelegateSessionUserImpersonatePrivilege Disabled
GROUP INFORMATION
-----------------
Group Name Attributes
============================================================= =============================================
dev22h2\None Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
Everyone Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\Local account and member of Administrators group Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
BUILTIN\Administrators Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled, Owner
BUILTIN\Users Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\INTERACTIVE Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
CONSOLE LOGON Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\This Organization Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\Local account Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\LogonSessionId_0_122425 Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled, LogonId
LOCAL Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\NTLM Authentication Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
Mandatory Label\High Mandatory Level Integrity, IntegrityEnabled
DACL INFORMATION
----------------
Account Name Access Flags Type
==================================== =========================== ===== =============
BUILTIN\Administrators GenericAll None AccessAllowed
NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM GenericAll None AccessAllowed
NT AUTHORITY\LogonSessionId_0_122425 GenericExecute, GenericRead None AccessAllowed
SECURITY ATTRIBUTES INFORMATION
-------------------------------
[*] WIN://SYSAPPID
Flags : None
Type : String
Value[0x00] : Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_10.0.22621.1_neutral_neutral_cw5n1h2txyewy
Value[0x01] : App
Value[0x02] : Microsoft.Windows.StartMenuExperienceHost_cw5n1h2txyewy
[*] WIN://PKG
Flags : None
Type : UInt64
Value[0x00] : 0x0000000200000001
[*] WIN://PKGHOSTID
Flags : None
Type : UInt64
Value[0x00] : 0x1000000000000001
[*] TSA://ProcUnique
Flags : NonInheritable, Unique
Type : UInt64
Value[0x00] : 0x0000000000000041
Value[0x01] : 0x0000000000063D9B
[*] Done.
If you set handle value in a specific process as -v option and the PID as -p option as well as -s flag, this tool get verbose information for the handle as follows:
C:\Dev>.\TokenDump.exe -s -p 7012 -v 0x23C -d
[>] Trying to enable SeDebugPrivilege.
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[>] Trying to dump token handle information.
[Token Information for Handle 0x23C of msdtc.exe (PID: 7012)]
Token User : NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE (SID: S-1-5-20)
Token Owner : NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE (SID: S-1-5-20)
Primary Group : NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE (SID: S-1-5-20)
Token Type : Primary
Impersonation Level : Anonymous
Token ID : 0x000000000007DF17
Authentication ID : 0x00000000000003E4
Original ID : 0x00000000000003E7
Modified ID : 0x000000000007DEE2
Integrity Level : System
Protection Level : N/A
Session ID : 0
Elevation Type : Default
Mandatory Policy : NoWriteUp, NewProcessMin
Elevated : False
AppContainer : False
TokenFlags : IsFiltered, NotLow
Has Linked Token : False
Token Source : N/A
Token Source ID : N/A
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
======================= =========================
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
GROUP INFORMATION
-----------------
Group Name Attributes
====================================== ====================================================
Mandatory Label\System Mandatory Level Integrity, IntegrityEnabled
Everyone Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
BUILTIN\Users Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\SERVICE Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
CONSOLE LOGON Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\This Organization Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT SERVICE\MSDTC EnabledByDefault, Enabled, Owner
NT AUTHORITY\LogonSessionId_0_515780 Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled, Owner, LogonId
LOCAL Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
DACL INFORMATION
----------------
Account Name Access Flags Type
=================== =========== ===== =============
NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM GenericAll None AccessAllowed
OWNER RIGHTS ReadControl None AccessAllowed
NT SERVICE\MSDTC GenericAll None AccessAllowed
SECURITY ATTRIBUTES INFORMATION
-------------------------------
[*] TSA://ProcUnique
Flags : NonInheritable, Unique
Type : UInt64
Value[0x00] : 0x0000000000000070
Value[0x01] : 0x000000000007DF18
[*] Done.
To investigate impersonate token applied to thread, set the thread ID as -t option as follows:
C:\Dev>.\TokenDump.exe -e -T -d
[>] Trying to enable SeDebugPrivilege.
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[>] Trying to enumerate impersonated threads.
PID TID Session Process Name Token User Integrity Impersonation Level
==== ==== ======= ============ =================== ========= ===================
1952 2000 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System Impersonation
1952 2300 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System Impersonation
3516 4348 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System Impersonation
3516 4656 0 svchost.exe NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM System Impersonation
[+] Got 4 thread(s).
[*] Found 1 account(s).
[*] NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
[*] Done.
C:\Dev>.\TokenDump.exe -s -p 3516 -t 4656 -d
[>] Trying to enable SeDebugPrivilege.
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[>] Trying to dump thread token information.
[Token Information for svchost.exe (PID: 3516, TID: 4656)]
Token User : NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM (SID: S-1-5-18)
Token Owner : NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM (SID: S-1-5-18)
Primary Group : NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM (SID: S-1-5-18)
Token Type : Impersonation
Impersonation Level : Impersonation
Token ID : 0x0000000000038CC4
Authentication ID : 0x00000000000003E7
Original ID : 0x00000000000003E7
Modified ID : 0x000000000002CE61
Integrity Level : System
Protection Level : N/A
Session ID : 0
Elevation Type : Default
Mandatory Policy : NoWriteUp, NewProcessMin
Elevated : True
AppContainer : False
TokenFlags : IsFiltered, NotLow, EnforceRedirectionTrust
Has Linked Token : False
Token Source : N/A
Token Source ID : N/A
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name State
============================= =========================
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege Disabled
SeTcbPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeSecurityPrivilege Disabled
SeSystemProfilePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeDebugPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeImpersonatePrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege EnabledByDefault, Enabled
GROUP INFORMATION
-----------------
Group Name Attributes
====================================== ====================================================
Mandatory Label\System Mandatory Level Integrity, IntegrityEnabled
Everyone Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
BUILTIN\Users Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\SERVICE Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
CONSOLE LOGON Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT AUTHORITY\This Organization Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
NT SERVICE\DiagTrack EnabledByDefault, Enabled, Owner
NT AUTHORITY\LogonSessionId_0_180260 Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled, Owner, LogonId
LOCAL Mandatory, EnabledByDefault, Enabled
BUILTIN\Administrators EnabledByDefault, Enabled, Owner
DACL INFORMATION
----------------
Account Name Access Flags Type
==================== =========== ===== =============
NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM GenericAll None AccessAllowed
OWNER RIGHTS ReadControl None AccessAllowed
NT SERVICE\DiagTrack GenericAll None AccessAllowed
SECURITY ATTRIBUTES INFORMATION
-------------------------------
[*] TSA://ProcUnique
Flags : NonInheritable, Unique
Type : UInt64
Value[0x00] : 0x0000000000000047
Value[0x01] : 0x000000000002C0FA
[*] Done.
This tool is to learh how to assign primary token:
PS C:\Dev> .\TokenAssignor.exe
TokenAssignor - Tool to execute token assigned process.
Usage: TokenAssignor.exe [Options]
-h, --help : Displays this help message.
-c, --command : Specifies a command to execute. Default is cmd.exe.
-m, --method : Specifies a method ID (0 - 3).
-p, --pid : Specifies a source PID for token stealing.
[!] -m option is required.
This tool tries to steal token from a specified process and execute a token assigned process.
Most of methods require administrative privileges.
To execute a token assigned process with CreateProcessAsUser API, set -m option to 0:
PS C:\Dev> Get-Process winlogon
Handles NPM(K) PM(K) WS(K) CPU(s) Id SI ProcessName
------- ------ ----- ----- ------ -- -- -----------
270 13 2452 10108 0.33 688 1 winlogon
PS C:\Dev> whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
==================== =============================================
desktop-5ohmobj\user S-1-5-21-1955100404-698441589-1496171011-1001
PS C:\Dev> .\TokenAssignor.exe -p 688 -m 0
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] SeImpersonatePrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] Got a primary token from PID 688 (Handle = 0x68).
[+] Got a impersonation token from winlogon.exe (Handle = 0x2E0).
[+] Impersonation as winlogon.exe is successful.
[+] "C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe" is executed successfully (PID = 9552).
[*] User of the created process is NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM (SID: S-1-5-18).
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Dev>whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
=================== ========
nt authority\system S-1-5-18
When set -m option to 1, this tool tries to create a suspended process and update the primary token to a stolen token.
This method cannot be used for changing Session ID due to kernel restriction.
Kernel forces token's Session ID to be matched with Session ID for _EPROCESS:
PS C:\Dev> whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
==================== =============================================
desktop-5ohmobj\user S-1-5-21-1955100404-698441589-1496171011-1001
PS C:\Dev> .\TokenAssignor.exe -p 688 -m 1
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] SeImpersonatePrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] Got a primary token from PID 688 (Handle = 0x2C8).
[+] Got a impersonation token from winlogon.exe (Handle = 0x2D8).
[+] Impersonation as winlogon.exe is successful.
[+] Suspended "C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe" is executed successfully (PID = 9968).
[*] Current user of the suspended process is DESKTOP-5OHMOBJ\user (SID: S-1-5-21-1955100404-698441589-1496171011-1001)
[+] Primary token for the suspended process is updated successfully.
[*] Current user of the suspended process is NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM (SID: S-1-5-18)
[*] Resuming the suspended process.
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Dev>whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
=================== ========
nt authority\system S-1-5-18
If set -m option is set to 2, creates a new token assigned process with Secondary Logon Service:
PS C:\Dev> whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
==================== =============================================
desktop-5ohmobj\user S-1-5-21-1955100404-698441589-1496171011-1001
PS C:\Dev> .\TokenAssignor.exe -p 688 -m 2
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] SeImpersonatePrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] Got a primary token from PID 688 (Handle = 0x2C4).
[+] "C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe" is executed successfully (PID = 5832).
[*] User of the created process is NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM (SID: S-1-5-18).
PS C:\Dev>
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Dev>whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
=================== ========
nt authority\system S-1-5-18
If set -m option is set to 3, creates a new token assigned process with PPID spoofing method:
PS C:\Dev> whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
==================== =============================================
desktop-5ohmobj\user S-1-5-21-1955100404-698441589-1496171011-1001
PS C:\Dev> .\TokenAssignor.exe -p 688 -m 3
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] Got a handle from PID 688 (Handle = 0x2C4).
[+] Thread attribute is built successfully.
[+] "C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe" is executed successfully (PID = 4852).
[*] User of the created process is NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM (SID: S-1-5-18).
PS C:\Dev>
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22631.2428]
(c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Dev>whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
=================== ========
nt authority\system S-1-5-18
This tool is to execute process as NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller group account.
Original PoC is Grzegorz Tworek's TrustedInstallerCmd2.c.
I ported it to C# and rebuilt it as a tool.
Most of operations require administrative privilege (SeDebugPrivilege, SeImpersonatePrivilege and High Mandatory Level):
PS C:\Dev> .\TrustExec.exe
TrustExec - Tool to create TrustedInstaller process.
Usage: TrustExec.exe [Options]
-h, --help : Displays this help message.
-l, --lookup : Flag to lookup account name or SID.
-n, --new-console : Flag to create new console. Use with -x flag.
-x, --exec : Flag to execute command.
-a, --account : Specifies account name to lookup.
-c, --command : Specifies command to execute. Default is cmd.exe.
-e, --extra : Specifies command to execute. Default is cmd.exe.
-m, --method : Specifies method ID. Default is 0 (NtCreateToken method).
-s, --sid : Specifies SID to lookup.
Available Method IDs:
+ 0 - Leverages NtCreateToken syscall.
+ 1 - Leverages virtual logon.
+ 2 - Leverages service logon.
+ 3 - Leverages S4U logon.
+ 4 - Leverages TrustedInstaller service.
For this module, 2 techniques are implemeted.
We can specfy a method with -m option.
The value for -m option can be a integer from 0 to 4.
For example, if you set -m option to 0, this tool try to get TrustedInstaller token with NtCreateToken:
PS C:\Dev> .\TrustExec.exe -m 0 -x -c powershell
[*] NtCreateToken syscall method is selected.
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] SeImpersonatePrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] Impersonation as smss.exe is successful.
[+] SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege is enabled successfully for current thread.
[+] SeCreateTokenPrivilege is enabled successfully for current thread.
[+] SeImpersonatePrivilege is enabled successfully for current thread.
[+] Got a TrustedInstaller token (Handle = 0xE8).
[+] Got a token assigned process (PID: 2832).
Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Install the latest PowerShell for new features and improvements! https://aka.ms/PSWindows
PS C:\Dev> whoami /user
USER INFORMATION
----------------
User Name SID
=================== ========
nt authority\system S-1-5-18
PS C:\Dev> whoami /priv
PRIVILEGES INFORMATION
----------------------
Privilege Name Description State
========================================= ================================================================== =======
SeCreateTokenPrivilege Create a token object Enabled
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege Replace a process level token Enabled
SeLockMemoryPrivilege Lock pages in memory Enabled
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege Adjust memory quotas for a process Enabled
SeMachineAccountPrivilege Add workstations to domain Enabled
SeTcbPrivilege Act as part of the operating system Enabled
SeSecurityPrivilege Manage auditing and security log Enabled
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege Take ownership of files or other objects Enabled
SeLoadDriverPrivilege Load and unload device drivers Enabled
SeSystemProfilePrivilege Profile system performance Enabled
SeSystemtimePrivilege Change the system time Enabled
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege Profile single process Enabled
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege Increase scheduling priority Enabled
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege Create a pagefile Enabled
SeCreatePermanentPrivilege Create permanent shared objects Enabled
SeBackupPrivilege Back up files and directories Enabled
SeRestorePrivilege Restore files and directories Enabled
SeShutdownPrivilege Shut down the system Enabled
SeDebugPrivilege Debug programs Enabled
SeAuditPrivilege Generate security audits Enabled
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege Modify firmware environment values Enabled
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege Bypass traverse checking Enabled
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege Force shutdown from a remote system Enabled
SeUndockPrivilege Remove computer from docking station Enabled
SeSyncAgentPrivilege Synchronize directory service data Enabled
SeEnableDelegationPrivilege Enable computer and user accounts to be trusted for delegation Enabled
SeManageVolumePrivilege Perform volume maintenance tasks Enabled
SeImpersonatePrivilege Impersonate a client after authentication Enabled
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege Create global objects Enabled
SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege Access Credential Manager as a trusted caller Enabled
SeRelabelPrivilege Modify an object label Enabled
SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege Increase a process working set Enabled
SeTimeZonePrivilege Change the time zone Enabled
SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege Create symbolic links Enabled
SeDelegateSessionUserImpersonatePrivilege Obtain an impersonation token for another user in the same session Enabled
PS C:\Dev> whoami /groups
GROUP INFORMATION
-----------------
Group Name Type SID Attributes
====================================== ================ ============================================================== ==================================================
Everyone Well-known group S-1-1-0 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
LOCAL Well-known group S-1-2-0 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
CONSOLE LOGON Well-known group S-1-2-1 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\SERVICE Well-known group S-1-5-6 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users Well-known group S-1-5-11 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
BUILTIN\Administrators Alias S-1-5-32-544 Enabled by default, Enabled group, Group owner
BUILTIN\Users Alias S-1-5-32-545 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller Well-known group S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464 Enabled by default, Enabled group, Group owner
Mandatory Label\System Mandatory Level Label S-1-16-16384
If you want to create process with new console, set -n flag as follows:
PS C:\Dev> .\TrustExec.exe -m 1 -x -c powershell -n
[*] Virtual logon method is selected.
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] SeImpersonatePrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] Impersonation as smss.exe is successful.
[+] SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege is enabled successfully for current thread.
[+] SeImpersonatePrivilege is enabled successfully for current thread.
[+] SeTcbPrivilege is enabled successfully for current thread.
[+] A virtual domain VirtualDomain is created successfully (SID: S-1-5-110).
[+] A virtual account VirtualDomain\VirtualAdmin is created successfully (SID: S-1-5-110-500).
[+] Got a virtual logon token (Handle = 0xEC).
[+] Got a token assigned process (PID: 23836).
[+] VirtualDomain domain is removed successfully.
Each methods other than TrustedInstaller service method (ID for -m option is 4) accept extra group SIDs with -e option.
The value format for -e option must be SDDL SID string.
For SID string separator, you can use comma as follows:
PS C:\Dev> .\TrustExec.exe -m 0 -x -c powershell -e S-1-5-80-1913148863-3492339771-4165695881-2087618961-4109116736,S-1-5-32-551
[*] NtCreateToken syscall method is selected.
[+] SeDebugPrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] SeImpersonatePrivilege is enabled successfully.
[+] Impersonation as smss.exe is successful.
[+] SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege is enabled successfully for current thread.
[+] SeCreateTokenPrivilege is enabled successfully for current thread.
[+] SeImpersonatePrivilege is enabled successfully for current thread.
[+] Got a TrustedInstaller token (Handle = 0x30C).
[+] Got a token assigned process (PID: 17500).
Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Install the latest PowerShell for new features and improvements! https://aka.ms/PSWindows
PS C:\Dev> whoami /user
GROUP INFORMATION
-----------------
Group Name Type SID Attributes
====================================== ================ =============================================================== ==================================================
Everyone Well-known group S-1-1-0 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
LOCAL Well-known group S-1-2-0 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
CONSOLE LOGON Well-known group S-1-2-1 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\SERVICE Well-known group S-1-5-6 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users Well-known group S-1-5-11 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
BUILTIN\Backup Operators Alias S-1-5-32-551 Enabled by default, Enabled group
BUILTIN\Administrators Alias S-1-5-32-544 Enabled by default, Enabled group, Group owner
BUILTIN\Users Alias S-1-5-32-545 Mandatory group, Enabled by default, Enabled group
NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller Well-known group S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464 Enabled by default, Enabled group, Group owner
Mandatory Label\System Mandatory Level Label S-1-16-16384
NT SERVICE\WinDefend Well-known group S-1-5-80-1913148863-3492339771-4165695881-2087618961-4109116736 Enabled by default, Enabled group
To resolve account SID, set -l flag and -a option with account name as follows:
PS C:\Dev> .\TrustExec.exe -l -a "nt service\windefend"
[*] Account Name : NT SERVICE\WinDefend
[*] Account SID : S-1-5-80-1913148863-3492339771-4165695881-2087618961-4109116736
[*] Account Type : WellKnownGroup
PS C:\Dev> .\TrustExec.exe -l -a users
[*] Account Name : BUILTIN\Users
[*] Account SID : S-1-5-32-545
[*] Account Type : Alias
This tool is to manage user right without secpol.msc.
Commands other than lookup require administrator privileges:
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe
UserRightsUtil - User rights management utility.
Usage: UserRightsUtil.exe [Options]
-h, --help : Displays this help message.
-m, --module : Specifies module name.
Available Modules:
+ enum - Enumerate user rights for specific account.
+ find - Find accounts have a specific user right.
+ lookup - Lookup account's SID.
+ manage - Grant or revoke user rights.
[*] To see help for each modules, specify "-m <Module> -h" as arguments.
[!] -m option is required.
To enumerate user rights for a specific account, use enum command with -u and d opitons or -s option as follows:
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m enum -d contoso -u jeff
[>] Trying to enumerate user rights.
|-> Username : CONTOSO\jeff
|-> SID : S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-1105
[+] Got 7 user right(s).
|-> SeChangeNotifyPrivilege
|-> SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege
|-> SeShutdownPrivilege
|-> SeUndockPrivilege
|-> SeTimeZonePrivilege
|-> SeInteractiveLogonRight
|-> SeNetworkLogonRight
[*] Done.
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m enum -s S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-1105
[>] Trying to enumerate user rights.
|-> Username : CONTOSO\jeff
|-> SID : S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-1105
[+] Got 7 user right(s).
|-> SeChangeNotifyPrivilege
|-> SeIncreaseWorkingSetPrivilege
|-> SeShutdownPrivilege
|-> SeUndockPrivilege
|-> SeTimeZonePrivilege
|-> SeInteractiveLogonRight
|-> SeNetworkLogonRight
[*] Done.
If you don't specify domain name with -d option, use local computer name as domain name:
C:\dev>hostname
CL01
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m enum -u guest
[>] Trying to enumerate user rights.
|-> Username : CL01\Guest
|-> SID : S-1-5-21-2659926013-4203293582-4033841475-501
[+] Got 3 user right(s).
|-> SeInteractiveLogonRight
|-> SeDenyInteractiveLogonRight
|-> SeDenyNetworkLogonRight
[*] Done.
This command is to find users who have a specific right.
For example, if you want to find users have SeDebugPrivilege, execute as follows:
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m find -r debug
[>] Trying to find users with SeDebugPrivilege.
[+] Found 1 user(s).
|-> BUILTIN\Administrators (SID : S-1-5-32-544, Type : SidTypeAlias)
[*] Done.
To list available value for -r option, use -l option:
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m find -l
Available values for --right option:
+ TrustedCredManAccess : Specfies SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege.
+ NetworkLogon : Specfies SeNetworkLogonRight.
+ Tcb : Specfies SeTcbPrivilege.
+ MachineAccount : Specfies SeMachineAccountPrivilege.
+ IncreaseQuota : Specfies SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege.
+ InteractiveLogon : Specfies SeInteractiveLogonRight.
+ RemoteInteractiveLogon : Specfies SeRemoteInteractiveLogonRight.
+ Backup : Specfies SeBackupPrivilege.
--snip--
This command is to lookup account SID as follows:
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m lookup -d contoso -u david
[*] Result:
|-> Account Name : CONTOSO\david
|-> SID : S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-1104
|-> Account Type : SidTypeUser
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m lookup -s S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-500
[*] Result:
|-> Account Name : CONTOSO\Administrator
|-> SID : S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-500
|-> Account Type : SidTypeUser
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m lookup -d contoso -u "domain admins"
[*] Result:
|-> Account Name : CONTOSO\Domain Admins
|-> SID : S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-512
|-> Account Type : SidTypeGroup
If you don't specify domain name with -d option, use local computer name as domain name:
C:\dev>hostname
CL01
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m lookup -u admin
[*] Result:
|-> Account Name : CL01\admin
|-> SID : S-1-5-21-2659926013-4203293582-4033841475-500
|-> Account Type : SidTypeUser
This command is to grant or revoke user rights for a specific user account.
To grant user right, specify a user right as the value for -g option:
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m find -r tcb
[>] Trying to find users with SeTcbPrivilege.
[-] No users.
[*] Done.
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m manage -g tcb -d contoso -u administrator
[>] Target account information:
|-> Username : CONTOSO\Administrator
|-> SID : S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-500
[>] Trying to grant SeTcbPrivilege.
[+] SeTcbPrivilege is granted successfully.
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m find -r tcb
[>] Trying to find users with SeTcbPrivilege.
[+] Found 1 user(s).
|-> CONTOSO\Administrator (SID : S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-500, Type : SidTypeUser)
[*] Done.
To revoke user right, specify a user right as the value for -r option:
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m find -r tcb
[>] Trying to find users with SeTcbPrivilege.
[+] Found 1 user(s).
|-> CONTOSO\Administrator (SID : S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-500, Type : SidTypeUser)
[*] Done.
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m manage -r tcb -d contoso -u administrator
[>] Target account information:
|-> Username : CONTOSO\Administrator
|-> SID : S-1-5-21-3654360273-254804765-2004310818-500
[>] Trying to revoke SeTcbPrivilege
[+] SeTcbPrivilege is revoked successfully.
C:\de>UserRightsUtil.exe -m find -r tcb
[>] Trying to find users with SeTcbPrivilege.
[-] No users.
[*] Done.
To list available value for -g or -r option, use -l option:
C:\dev>UserRightsUtil.exe -m manage -l
Available values for --grant and --revoke options:
+ TrustedCredManAccess : Specfies SeTrustedCredManAccessPrivilege.
+ NetworkLogon : Specfies SeNetworkLogonRight.
+ Tcb : Specfies SeTcbPrivilege.
+ MachineAccount : Specfies SeMachineAccountPrivilege.
+ IncreaseQuota : Specfies SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege.
+ InteractiveLogon : Specfies SeInteractiveLogonRight.
+ RemoteInteractiveLogon : Specfies SeRemoteInteractiveLogonRight.
+ Backup : Specfies SeBackupPrivilege.
--snip--
- Priv2Admin and PSBits by Grzegorz Tworek
- Abusing Token Privileges For LPE by Bryan Alexander and Steve Breen
- whoami /priv by Andrea Pierini
- HackSys Extreme Vulnerable Driver by Ashfaq Ansari
Thanks for your advices about WinDbg extension programming:
- Pavel Yosifovich (@zodiacon)
Thanks for your notable research:
- Grzegorz Tworek (@0gtweet)
- Bryan Alexander (@dronesec)
- Steve Breen (@breenmachine)
- Andrea Pierini (@decoder_it)
Thanks for your sample kernel driver release:
- Ashfaq Ansari (@HackSysTeam)