CBasics.md

WHAT DID JEFF SAY ABOUT THAT STUFF

Procedural compiled language telling computer what to do directly

Compilers - interpret human readable programming languages into machine cide

Machine Langue bits and bops

compiled language vs. assembly language

Useful Tools and Resources

Brian Kernighan C Programming Language

Geeks for Geeks C Tutorials

Variables and Types

Types

Integers

Only whole number values (i.e. -1, 0 , 1 , 2 , ...)

//type          name
    int         myInteger; // there exists an integer called myVariable 

Floats

Allows Decimal point numbers (0.1f, 1.f, -0.2222f, ... )

//type          name
    int         myFloat; // there exists an integer called myVariable 

char

ASCII letters ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'); these are secretly numbers but you can call them like this with the actual character.

//type          name
    char        myChar; 

    myChar = 'a'; 

string

array of chars. IGNORE THIS WE DONT CARE. but in case you care

char str[] = "ignore";
char* str = {'i', 'g', 'n', 'o', 'r','e', '\0'} //'\0' is the null terminator so we know the string has ended. 

boolean (bool)

true / false ( i.e. 0 or 1)

bool myBool; 

myBool = true; 

myBool = (1 < 20);  //evaluates to true

myBool = (1 > 20);  //evaluates to false 

int myInteger = 1;
int myBigInteger = 20; 

myBool = (myInteger < myBigInteger); // evaluates to true
myBool = (myInteger > myBigInteger); //evaluates to false

struct

Operators

associativity meaning how the compiler will read it

Assignment Operators (=)

• set something to be a value or another variable
• associativity left - to - right

int myInteger; //instantiate the variable myInteger
myInteger = 7; //set myInteger to be 7

int anotherInteger = 10; // same as above but in one line

myInteger = anotherInteger; // set myInteger to be the value of anotherInteger

Arithmetic Operators (plus (+) , minus (-), divide(/), multiple (*))

addition

int myInteger;
int result;

myInteger = 7;
result = myInteger  + 5;

//result is now 12

addition and assignment in one line

int myInteger = 0 ;
result;
// these three lines are equivalent. They all add 1 to myInteger 
myInteger = myInteger + 1; 
//myInteger is now 1
myInteger += 1;
//myInteger is now 2
myInteger++;  //special operator that always adds 1 does not work for any other number
//myInteger is now 3

++ operator

just click the link

Boolean Operators

just click the link

Control Structures

Looping

while loop

while (condition)
{
    //doStuff
}

while(1)
{
    infinite loop
}

for loop

same as while loop but with simple way to repeat and end

//loop loopLength times
int loopLength = 8; 
for (int i = 0; i < loopLength; i++)
{

}

Decision Making

if

if (condition)
{
    //do stuff if true
}

if/else

if (condition)
{
    //do stuff if true
}
else
{
    //do stuff if false
}

else-if

if (condition)
{
    
}
else if (condition)
{

}
else
{

}

nested if

if (condition)
{
    if(condition)
}

Function

user defined functions

c - LEAF c++ - Daisy

leaf function

function_header(obj, variables)

Daisy function

obj.function_header(variables)